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Xie RC, Gao J, Wang SC, Li H, Wang W. Optically Imaging In Situ Effects of Electrochemical Cycling on Single Nanoparticle Electrocatalysis. Anal Chem 2024. [PMID: 38285921 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c04425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
Single-nanoparticle studies often need one or a series of nanoparticle populations that are designed with differences in a nominally particular structural parameter to clarify the structure-activity relationship (SAR). However, the heterogeneity of various properties within any population would make it rather difficult to approach an ideal one-parameter control. In situ modification ensures the same nanoparticle to be investigated and also avoids complicating effects from the otherwise often needed ex situ operations. Herein, we apply electrochemical cycling to single platinum nanoparticles and optically examine their SAR. An electrocatalytic fluorescent microscopic method is established to evaluate the apparent catalytic activity of a number of single nanoparticles toward the oxygen reduction reaction. Meanwhile, dark-field microscopy with the substrate electrode under a cyclic potential control is found to be able to assess the electrochemically active surface area (ECSA) of single nanoparticles via induced chloride redox electrochemistry. Consequently, nanoparticles with drastically increased catalytic activity are discovered to have larger ECSAs upon potential regulation, and interestingly, there are also a few particles with decreased activity, as opposed to the overall trend, that all develop a smaller ECSA in the process. The deactivated nanoparticles against the overall enhancement effects of potential cycling are revealed for the first time. As such, the SAR of single nanoparticles when subjected to an in situ structural control is optically demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruo-Chen Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Jia Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Si-Cong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Haoran Li
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
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Engelbrekt C, Nazmutdinov RR, Shermukhamedov S, Ulstrup J, Zinkicheva TT, Xiao X. Complex single‐molecule and molecular scale entities in electrochemical environments: Mechanisms and challenges. ELECTROCHEMICAL SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/elsa.202100157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Engelbrekt
- Department of Chemistry Technical University of Denmark Building 207, DK0‐2800 Kgs. Lyngby Denmark
| | - Renat R. Nazmutdinov
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry Kazan National Research Technological University Karl Marx Str. 68 Kazan 420015 Russian Federation
| | - Shokirbek Shermukhamedov
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry Kazan National Research Technological University Karl Marx Str. 68 Kazan 420015 Russian Federation
| | - Jens Ulstrup
- Department of Chemistry Technical University of Denmark Building 207, DK0‐2800 Kgs. Lyngby Denmark
| | - Tamara T. Zinkicheva
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry Kazan National Research Technological University Karl Marx Str. 68 Kazan 420015 Russian Federation
| | - Xinxin Xiao
- Department of Chemistry Technical University of Denmark Building 207, DK0‐2800 Kgs. Lyngby Denmark
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Chung HJ, Lee J, Hwang J, Seol KH, Kim KM, Song J, Chang J. Stochastic Particle Approach Electrochemistry (SPAE): Estimating Size, Drift Velocity, and Electric Force of Insulating Particles. Anal Chem 2020; 92:12226-12234. [PMID: 32786447 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c01532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Stochastic particle impact electrochemistry (SPIE) is considered one of the most important electro-analytical methods to understand the physicochemical properties of single entities. SPIE of individual insulating particles (IPs) has been particularly crucial for analyses of bioparticles. In this article, we introduce stochastic particle approach electrochemistry (SPAE) for electrochemical analyses of IPs, which is the advanced version of SPIE; SPAE is analogous to SPIE but focuses on deciphering a sudden current drop (SCD) by an IP-approach toward the edge of an ultramicroelectrode (UME). Polystyrene particles (PSPs) with and without different surface functionalities (-COOH and - NH3) as well as fixed human platelets (F-HPs) were used as model IPs. From theory based on finite element analysis, a sudden current drop (SCD) induced by an IP during electro-oxidation (or reduction) of a redox mediator on a UME can represent the rapid approach of an IP toward an edge of a UME, where a strong electric field is generated. It is also found that the amount of current drop, idrop, of an SCD depends strongly on both the size of an IP and the concentration of redox electrolyte. From simulations based on the SPAE model that fit the experimentally obtained SCDs of three types of PSPs or F-HP dispersed in solutions with two redox electrolytes, their size distribution histograms are estimated, from which their average radii determined by SPAE are compared to those from scanning electron microscopic images. In addition, the drift velocity and corresponding electric force of the PSPs and F-HPs during their approach toward an edge of a Pt UME are estimated, which cannot be addressed currently with SPIE. We further learned that the estimated drift velocity and the corresponding electric force could provide a relative order of the number of excess surface charges on the IPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Jung Chung
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute for Natural Science, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihye Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute for Natural Science, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiseon Hwang
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute for Natural Science, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Kang Hee Seol
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute for Natural Science, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Mi Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Sungshin W. University, 55 Dobong-ro, 76ga-gil, Gangbuk-gu, Seoul 01133, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaewoo Song
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei-ro 50-1, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinho Chang
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute for Natural Science, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
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Lee J, Gerelkhuu Z, Song J, Seol KH, Kim BK, Chang J. Stochastic Electrochemical Cytometry of Human Platelets via a Particle Collision Approach. ACS Sens 2019; 4:3248-3256. [PMID: 31680513 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.9b01773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The quantitative analysis of human platelets is important for the diagnosis of various hematologic and cardiovascular diseases. In this article, we present a stochastic particle impact electrochemical (SPIE) approach for human platelets with fixation (F-HPs). Carboxylate-functionalized polystyrene particles (PSPs) are studied as well as a standard platform of SPIE-F-HPs. For SPIE-PSPs (or F-HPs), [Fe(CN)6]4- was used as the redox mediator, and electro-oxidation of [Fe(CN)6]4- to [Fe(CN)6]3- was conducted on a Pt ultramicroelectrode (UME) by applying a constant potential, where the corresponding oxidation current is mass-transfer-controlled. When PSPs (or F-HPs) are introduced into aqueous solution with [Fe(CN)6]4-, sudden current drops (SCDs) were observed, which resulted from the partial blockage of a Pt UME by collision of an individual PSP (or F-HP). For SPIE-PSPs (or F-HPs), we found that it is essential to enhance the migration of PSPs (F-HPs) toward a Pt UME by maximizing the steady state current associated with electro-oxidation of [Fe(CN)6]4-. This was accomplished by increasing its concentration to the solubility limit. We successfully measured the concentration of F-HPs dispersed in aqueous solution containing [Fe(CN)6]4- with a minimum detectable concentration of 0.1 fM, and the size distribution of F-HPs was also estimated from the obtained idrop distribution based on the SPIE analysis, where idrop stands for the magnitude of the current drop of each SCD. Lastly, we revealed that HPs without the fixation process (WF-HPs) are difficult to quantitatively analyze by SPIE because of their transient activation process, which results in changes from their spherical shape. The observed difficulty was also confirmed by finite element analysis, which shows that idrop can be significantly increased, as an elongated WF-HP is adsorbed on the edge of an UME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihye Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute for Convergence of Basic Science, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Zayakhuu Gerelkhuu
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute for Convergence of Basic Science, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaewoo Song
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei-ro 50-1, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Kang Hee Seol
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute for Convergence of Basic Science, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Kwon Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul 04310, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinho Chang
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute for Convergence of Basic Science, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
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Lee S, Muya JT, Chung H, Chang J. Viologen-Bromide Dual-Redox Ionic Solid Complexes: Understanding Their Electrochemical Formation and Proton-Accompanied Redox Chemistry. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:43659-43670. [PMID: 31618569 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b13985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The inhibition of self-discharge in a redox-enhanced electrochemical capacitor (Redox-EC) is crucial for excellent energy retention. Heptyl viologen dibromide (HVBr2) was chosen as a strong candidate of a dual-redox species in Redox-EC due to its solid complexations during the charging process, at which HV2+ is electrochemically reduced to HV+• and form a solid complex, [HV+•·Br-], on an anode while Br- is electro-oxidized to Br3- and renders [HV2+·2Br3-] on a cathode. The solid complexes could not transfer across the separator, resulting in significant diminution of the self-discharge. In this Article, we present detailed electrochemical studies of formation of [HV2+·2Br3-] and [HV+•·Br-], their redox features, and galvanic exchange reactions between the two types of dual-redox ionic solids on a Pt ultra-microelectrode (UME) in neutral (0.33 M Na2SO4) and acidic (1 M H2SO4) solutions. Most importantly, through voltammetric and particle-impact electrochemical analyses, we found that the redox and galvanic exchange reactions of the two dual-redox ionic solid complexes involve H+ transfer, which is the key process to limit the overall kinetics of the electrochemical reactions. We also rationalize the proton-accompanied galvanic exchange reaction based on computational simulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Semi Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute for Natural Science , Hanyang University , 222 Wangsimni-ro , Seongdong-gu , Seoul 04763 , Republic of Korea
| | - Jules Tshishimbi Muya
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute for Natural Science , Hanyang University , 222 Wangsimni-ro , Seongdong-gu , Seoul 04763 , Republic of Korea
| | - Hoeil Chung
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute for Natural Science , Hanyang University , 222 Wangsimni-ro , Seongdong-gu , Seoul 04763 , Republic of Korea
| | - Jinho Chang
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute for Natural Science , Hanyang University , 222 Wangsimni-ro , Seongdong-gu , Seoul 04763 , Republic of Korea
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Lee J, Muya JT, Chung H, Chang J. Unraveling V(V)-V(IV)-V(III)-V(II) Redox Electrochemistry in Highly Concentrated Mixed Acidic Media for a Vanadium Redox Flow Battery: Origin of the Parasitic Hydrogen Evolution Reaction. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:42066-42077. [PMID: 31617704 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b12676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We present a mechanistic understanding of the full redox electrochemistry of V(V)-V(IV)-V(III)-V(II) and the origin of the parasitic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) during electroreduction of either V3+ or VO2+ in a highly concentrated mixed acidic solution based on both electroanalytical and computational approaches. First, we found that the VO2+/VO2+ redox reaction is well explained by the EC/EC square scheme. We also found that V3+ is electrochemically oxidized to V4+ and subsequently undergoes a transition to stable VO2+ via hydrolysis. In the V3+/V2+ redox reaction via voltammetric analysis at scan rates greater than 0.05 V/s, the voltammograms are well explained based on a simple 1e- transfer reaction scheme. However, at the longer time scale observed in the chronoamperograms with constantly applied potentials where V3+ is electrochemically reduced to V2+, we found that a significant HER occurs because of possible formation of an electrocatalyst related to the V(II)O species, V(II)catalyst. We suggest that V(II)O is kinetically formed from V2+ via hydrolysis only when a local concentration of V2+ is high in the vicinity of a GC electrode surface, and V(II)O is adsorbed on a GC surface to form V(II)catalyst. To extend our mechanistic pathway, electroreduction of VO2+ to V(II) was also analyzed, revealing that VO2+ is electroreduced to VO+ and further reduced to VO in addition to disproportionation of VO+. Eventually, V(II)catalyst forms on a GC electrode, resulting in a significant HER. The computational calculation strongly supports the possible formation of V(II)catalyst. The calculation shows that neither V3+ nor V2+ can form stable intermediates during the HER, while V(II)O has the highest proton affinity compared with V(III)O+ and V(IV)O2+, indicating a plausible electrocatalytic property of V(II)O for the HER.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihye Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute for Convergence of Basic Science , Hanyang University , 222 Wangsimni-ro , Seongdong-gu , Seoul 04763 , Republic of Korea
| | - Jules Tshishimbi Muya
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute for Convergence of Basic Science , Hanyang University , 222 Wangsimni-ro , Seongdong-gu , Seoul 04763 , Republic of Korea
| | - Hoeil Chung
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute for Convergence of Basic Science , Hanyang University , 222 Wangsimni-ro , Seongdong-gu , Seoul 04763 , Republic of Korea
| | - Jinho Chang
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute for Convergence of Basic Science , Hanyang University , 222 Wangsimni-ro , Seongdong-gu , Seoul 04763 , Republic of Korea
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7
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Kislenko S, Juarez F, Dominguez-Flores F, Schmickler W, Nazmutdinov R. Tuning the rate of an outer-sphere electron transfer by changing the electronic structure of carbon nanotubes. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2019.05.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Karimi A, Andreescu S, Andreescu D. Single-Particle Investigation of Environmental Redox Processes of Arsenic on Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles by Collision Electrochemistry. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:24725-24734. [PMID: 31190542 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b05234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Quantification of chemical reactions of nanoparticles (NPs) and their interaction with contaminants is a fundamental need to the understanding of chemical reactivity and surface chemistry of NPs released into the environment. Herein, we propose a novel strategy employing single-particle electrochemistry showing that it is possible to measure reactivity, speciation, and loading of As3+ on individual NPs, using cerium oxide (CeO2) as a model system. We demonstrate that redox reactions and adsorption processes can be electrochemically quantified with high sensitivity via the oxidation of As3+ to As5+ at 0.8 V versus Ag/AgCl or the reduction of As3+ to As0 at -0.3 V (vs Ag/AgCl) generated by collisions of single particles at an ultramicroelectrode. Using collision electrochemistry, As3+ concentrations were determined in basic conditions showing a maximum adsorption capacity at pH 8. In acidic environments (pH < 4), a small fraction of As3+ was oxidized to As5+ by surface Ce4+ and further adsorbed onto the CeO2 surface as a As5+ bidentate complex. The frequency of current spikes (oxidative or reductive) was proportional to the concentration of As3+ accumulated onto the NPs and was found to be representative of the As3+ concentration in solution. Given its sensitivity and speciation capability, the method can find many applications in the analytical, materials, and environmental chemistry fields where there is a need to quantify the reactivity and surface interactions of NPs. This is the first study demonstrating the capability of single-particle collision electrochemistry to monitor the interaction of heavy metal ions with metal oxide NPs. This knowledge is critical to the fundamental understanding of the risks associated with the release of NPs into the environment for their safe implementation and practical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anahita Karimi
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science , Clarkson University , Potsdam , New York 13699-5810 , United States
| | - Silvana Andreescu
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science , Clarkson University , Potsdam , New York 13699-5810 , United States
| | - Daniel Andreescu
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science , Clarkson University , Potsdam , New York 13699-5810 , United States
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Abstract
The Li-ion desertion process of a single LiFePO4 particle with a diameter of 400 nm in aqueous media at high potential is investigated by stochastic collision of the particle at a microelectrode. No extra additive, such as polymeric binder or conductive carbon, is involved in this stochastic measurement. The ion diffusion inside the particle is proved to be the rate-determining step that limits the discharge rate of batteries using LiFePO4 in an aqueous environment. This result offers guidance for exploring the most effective enhancement of Li-ion batteries. Moreover, this general method can be applied to study the electrochemical behavior of other electrode materials as an alternative and complementary route.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Central South University , Changsha 410083 , China
| | - Yige Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Hunan University , Changsha 410083 , China
| | - Xiaobo Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Central South University , Changsha 410083 , China
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Lee S, Park S, Kim KM, Chang J. Semi-quantitative determination of ion transfers at an interface between water and quaternary ammonium polybromide droplets through stochastic electrochemical analysis. Electrochim Acta 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2018.03.162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Ngamchuea K, Clark ROD, Sokolov SV, Young NP, Batchelor-McAuley C, Compton RG. Single Oxidative Collision Events of Silver Nanoparticles: Understanding the Rate-Determining Chemistry. Chemistry 2017; 23:16085-16096. [PMID: 28922508 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201703591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The oxidative dissolution of citrate-capped silver nanoparticles (AgNPs, ∼50 nm diameter) is investigated herein by two electrochemical techniques: nano-impacts and anodic stripping voltammetry. Nano-impacts or single nanoparticle-electrode collisions allow the detection of individual nanoparticles. The technique offers an advantage over surface-immobilized methods such as anodic stripping voltammetry as it eliminates the effects of particle agglomeration/aggregation. The electrochemical studies are performed in different electrolytes (KNO3 , KCl, KBr and KI) at varied concentrations (≤20 mm). In nano-impact measurements, the AgNP undergoes complete oxidation upon impact at a suitably potentiostated electrode. The frequency of the nanoparticle-electrode collisions observed as current-transient spikes depends on the electrolyte identity, its concentration and the potential applied at the working electrode. The frequencies of the spikes are significantly higher in the presence of halide ions and increase with increasing potentials. From the frequency, the rate of AgNP oxidation as compared with the timescale the AgNP is in electrical contact with the electrode can be inferred, and hence is indicative of the relative kinetics of the oxidation process. Primarily based on these results, we propose the initial formation of the silver (I) nucleus (Ag+ , AgCl, AgBr or AgI) as the rate-determining process of silver oxidation on the nanoparticle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamonwad Ngamchuea
- Department of Chemistry, Physical & Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QZ, UK
| | - Richard O D Clark
- Department of Chemistry, Physical & Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QZ, UK
| | - Stanislav V Sokolov
- Department of Chemistry, Physical & Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QZ, UK
| | - Neil P Young
- Department of Chemistry, Physical & Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QZ, UK
| | - Christopher Batchelor-McAuley
- Department of Chemistry, Physical & Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QZ, UK
| | - Richard G Compton
- Department of Chemistry, Physical & Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QZ, UK
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Krause KJ, Brings F, Schnitker J, Kätelhön E, Rinklin P, Mayer D, Compton RG, Lemay SG, Offenhäusser A, Wolfrum B. The Influence of Supporting Ions on the Electrochemical Detection of Individual Silver Nanoparticles: Understanding the Shape and Frequency of Current Transients in Nano-impacts. Chemistry 2017; 23:4638-4643. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201605924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kay J. Krause
- Institute of Bioelectronics (PGI-8/ICS-8) and JARA-Fundamentals of Future Information Technology; Forschungszentrum Jülich; 52425 Jülich Germany
| | - Fabian Brings
- Institute of Bioelectronics (PGI-8/ICS-8) and JARA-Fundamentals of Future Information Technology; Forschungszentrum Jülich; 52425 Jülich Germany
| | - Jan Schnitker
- Institute of Bioelectronics (PGI-8/ICS-8) and JARA-Fundamentals of Future Information Technology; Forschungszentrum Jülich; 52425 Jülich Germany
| | - Enno Kätelhön
- Department of Chemistry; Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory; Oxford University, South Parks Road; Oxford OX1 3QZ UK
| | - Philipp Rinklin
- Neuroelectronics, MSB, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering; Technical University of Munich (TUM); Boltzmannstr. 11 85748 Garching Germany
- Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience Munich; Germany
| | - Dirk Mayer
- Institute of Bioelectronics (PGI-8/ICS-8) and JARA-Fundamentals of Future Information Technology; Forschungszentrum Jülich; 52425 Jülich Germany
| | - Richard G. Compton
- Department of Chemistry; Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory; Oxford University, South Parks Road; Oxford OX1 3QZ UK
| | - Serge G. Lemay
- MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology; University of Twente, PO Box 217; 7500 AE Enschede The Netherlands
| | - Andreas Offenhäusser
- Institute of Bioelectronics (PGI-8/ICS-8) and JARA-Fundamentals of Future Information Technology; Forschungszentrum Jülich; 52425 Jülich Germany
| | - Bernhard Wolfrum
- Institute of Bioelectronics (PGI-8/ICS-8) and JARA-Fundamentals of Future Information Technology; Forschungszentrum Jülich; 52425 Jülich Germany
- Neuroelectronics, MSB, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering; Technical University of Munich (TUM); Boltzmannstr. 11 85748 Garching Germany
- Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience Munich; Germany
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Li X, Batchelor-McAuley C, Shao L, Sokolov SV, Young NP, Compton RG. Quantifying Single-Carbon Nanotube-Electrode Contact via the Nanoimpact Method. J Phys Chem Lett 2017; 8:507-511. [PMID: 28071046 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.6b02899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
A new methodology is developed to enable the measurement of the resistance across individual carbon nanotube-electrode contacts. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are suspended in the solution phase and occasionally contact the electrified interface, some of which bridge a micron-sized gap between two microbands of an interdigitated gold electrode. A potential difference is applied between the contacts and the magnitude of the current increase after the arrival of the CNT gives a measure of the resistance associated with the single CNT-gold contact. These experiments reveal the presence of a high contact resistance (∼50 MΩ), which significantly dominates the charge-transfer process. Further measurements on ensembles of CNTs made using a dilute layer of CNTs affixed to the interdigitated electrode surface and measured in the absence of solvent showed responses consistent with the same high value of contact resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuting Li
- Department of Chemistry, Physical & Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Oxford University , Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher Batchelor-McAuley
- Department of Chemistry, Physical & Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Oxford University , Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
| | - Lidong Shao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Materials Protection and Advanced Materials in Electric Power, Shanghai University of Electric Power , 2103 Pingliang Road, Shanghai 200090, P. R. China
| | - Stanislav V Sokolov
- Department of Chemistry, Physical & Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Oxford University , Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
| | - Neil P Young
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford , Oxford OX1 3PH, United Kingdom
| | - Richard G Compton
- Department of Chemistry, Physical & Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Oxford University , Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
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Zampardi G, Batchelor-McAuley C, Kätelhön E, Compton RG. Lithium-Ion-Transfer Kinetics of Single LiMn 2 O 4 Particles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 56:641-644. [PMID: 27921361 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201610485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
A stochastic investigation of lithium deinsertion from individual 200-nm-sized particles of LiMn2 O4 reveals the rate-determining step at high overpotentials to be the transfer of the cation across the particle-electrolyte interface. Measurement of the (electro)chemical behavior of the spinel is undertaken without forming a conductive composite electrode. The kinetics of the interfacial ion transfer defines a theoretical upper limit for the discharge rates of batteries using LiMn2 O4 in an aqueous environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Zampardi
- Department of Chemistry, PTCL, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QZ, UK
| | | | - Enno Kätelhön
- Department of Chemistry, PTCL, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QZ, UK
| | - Richard G Compton
- Department of Chemistry, PTCL, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QZ, UK
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Zampardi G, Batchelor-McAuley C, Kätelhön E, Compton RG. Lithium-Ion-Transfer Kinetics of Single LiMn2
O4
Particles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201610485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Zampardi
- Department of Chemistry, PTCL; University of Oxford; South Parks Road Oxford OX1 3QZ UK
| | | | - Enno Kätelhön
- Department of Chemistry, PTCL; University of Oxford; South Parks Road Oxford OX1 3QZ UK
| | - Richard G. Compton
- Department of Chemistry, PTCL; University of Oxford; South Parks Road Oxford OX1 3QZ UK
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17
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Li X, Hodson H, Batchelor-McAuley C, Shao L, Compton RG. Improving Formate and Methanol Fuels: Catalytic Activity of Single Pd Coated Carbon Nanotubes. ACS Catal 2016; 6:7118-7124. [PMID: 27761299 PMCID: PMC5065721 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.6b02023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Revised: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
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The oxidations of formate and methanol
on nitrogen-doped carbon
nanotubes decorated with palladium nanoparticles were studied at both
the single-nanotube and ensemble levels. Significant voltammetric
differences were seen. Pd oxide formation as a competitive reaction
with formate or methanol oxidation is significantly inhibited at high
overpotentials under the high mass transport conditions associated
with single-particle materials in comparison with that seen with ensembles,
where slower diffusion prevails. Higher electro-oxidation efficiency
for the organic fuels is achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuting Li
- Department of Chemistry, Physical & Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Oxford University, Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
| | - Hannah Hodson
- Department of Chemistry, Physical & Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Oxford University, Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher Batchelor-McAuley
- Department of Chemistry, Physical & Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Oxford University, Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
| | - Lidong Shao
- Shanghai
Key Laboratory of Materials Protection and Advanced Materials in Electric
Power, Shanghai University of Electric Power, 2103 Pingliang Road, Shanghai 200090, People’s Republic of China
| | - Richard G. Compton
- Department of Chemistry, Physical & Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Oxford University, Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
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18
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Li X, Lin C, Batchelor-McAuley C, Laborda E, Shao L, Compton RG. New Insights into Fundamental Electron Transfer from Single Nanoparticle Voltammetry. J Phys Chem Lett 2016; 7:1554-8. [PMID: 27063353 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.6b00448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The reductive redox behavior of oxygen in aqueous acid solution leading first to adsorbed superoxide species at single palladium coated multiwalled carbon nanotubes (of length ca. 5 μm and width 130 nm) is reported. The small dimensions of the electroactive surface create conditions of high mass-transport permitting the resolution of electrode kinetic effects. In combination with new theoretical models, it is shown that the physical location of the formed product within the double layer of the electrode profoundly influences the observed electron transfer kinetics. This generically important result gives new physical insights into the modeling of the many electrochemical processes involving adsorbed intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuting Li
- Department of Chemistry, Physical & Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Oxford University , Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
| | - Chuhong Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Physical & Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Oxford University , Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher Batchelor-McAuley
- Department of Chemistry, Physical & Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Oxford University , Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
| | - Eduardo Laborda
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Murcia , 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Lidong Shao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Materials Protection and Advanced Materials in Electric Power, Shanghai University of Electric Power , 2103 Pingliang Road, Shanghai 200090, P. R. China
| | - Richard G Compton
- Department of Chemistry, Physical & Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Oxford University , Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
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19
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Abstract
This perspective article provides a survey of recent advances in nanoscale electrochemistry, with a brief theoretical background and a detailed discussion of experimental results of nanoparticle based electrodes, including the rapidly expanding field of “impact electrochemistry”.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter H. Robbs
- School of Chemical Engineering
- University of Birmingham
- Birmingham
- UK
| | - Neil V. Rees
- School of Chemical Engineering
- University of Birmingham
- Birmingham
- UK
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