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Ali N, Shehzad K, Attique S, Ali A, Akram F, Younis A, Ali S, Sun Y, Yu G, Wu H, Dai N. Exploring Non-Toxic Lower Dimensional Perovskites for Next-Generation X-Ray Detectors. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2310946. [PMID: 38229536 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202310946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Owing to their extraordinary photophysical properties, organometal halide perovskites are emerging as a new material class for X-ray detection. However, the existence of toxic lead makes their commercialization questionable and should readily be replaced. Accordingly, several lead alternatives have been introduced into the framework of conventional perovskites, resulting in various new perovskite dimensionalities. Among these, Pb-free lower dimensional perovskites (LPVKs) not only show promising X-ray detecting properties due to their higher ionic migration energy, wider and tunable energy bandgap, smaller dark currents, and structural versatility but also exhibit extended environmental stability. Herein, first, the structural organization of the PVKs (including LPVKs) is summarized. In the context of X-ray detectors (XDs), the outstanding properties of the LPVKs and active layer synthesis routes are elaborated afterward. Subsequently, their applications in direct XDs are extensively discussed and the device performance, in terms of the synthesis method, device architecture, active layer size, figure of merits, and device stability are tabulated. Finally, the review is concluded with an in-depth outlook, thoroughly exploring the present challenges to LPVKs XDs, proposing innovative solutions, and future directions. This review provides valuable insights into optimizing non-toxic Pb-free perovskite XDs, paving the way for future advancements in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasir Ali
- Research Center for Frontier Fundamental Studies, Zhejiang Labs, Yuhang District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311121, P. R. China
| | - Khurram Shehzad
- Research Center for Frontier Fundamental Studies, Zhejiang Labs, Yuhang District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311121, P. R. China
| | - Sanam Attique
- State Key Laboratory of Extreme Photonics and Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Ayaz Ali
- Research Center for Frontier Fundamental Studies, Zhejiang Labs, Yuhang District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311121, P. R. China
| | - Fazli Akram
- Center for High Technology Materials and the Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
| | - Adnan Younis
- Department of Physics, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Shahid Ali
- Department of Physics, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, 25000, Pakistan
| | - Yan Sun
- Research Center for Frontier Fundamental Studies, Zhejiang Labs, Yuhang District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311121, P. R. China
| | - Guolin Yu
- Research Center for Frontier Fundamental Studies, Zhejiang Labs, Yuhang District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311121, P. R. China
| | - Huizhen Wu
- Research Center for Frontier Fundamental Studies, Zhejiang Labs, Yuhang District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311121, P. R. China
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory for Silicon Materials, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Ning Dai
- Research Center for Frontier Fundamental Studies, Zhejiang Labs, Yuhang District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311121, P. R. China
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Chen H, Li Z, Wang S, Peng G, Lan W, Wang H, Jin Z. Molecular Design of Layered Hybrid Silver Bismuth Bromine Single Crystal for Ultra-Stable X-Ray Detection With Record Sensitivity. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2308872. [PMID: 38013622 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202308872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, weak interlayer coupling and unclear mechanism in layered hybrid silver bismuth bromine (LH-AgBiBr) are the main reasons for limiting its further enhanced X-ray detection sensitivity and stability. Herein, the design rules for LH-AgBiBr and its influence on X-ray detection performance are reported for the first time. Although shortening amine size can enhance interlayer coupling, its detection performance is severely hampered by its easier defect formation caused by enlarged micro strain. In contrast, an appropriate divalent amine design endows the material with improved interlayer coupling and released micro strain, which benefits crystal stability and mechanical hardness. Another contribution is to increase material density and dielectric constant; thus, enhancing X-ray absorption and carrier transport. Consequently, the optimized parallel device based on BDA2 AgBiBr8 achieves a record sensitivity of 2638 µC Gyair -1 cm-2 and an ultra-low detection limit of 7.4 nGyair s-1 , outperforming other reported LH-AgBiBr X-ray detectors. Moreover, the unencapsulated device displays remarkable anti-moisture, anti-thermal (>150 °C), and anti-radiation (>1000 Gyair ) endurance. Eventually, high-resolution hard X-ray imaging is demonstrated by linear detector arrays under a benign dose rate (1.63 µGyair s-1 ) and low external bias (5 V). Hence, these findings provide guidelines for future materials design and device optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanyu Chen
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Lanzhou Center for Theoretical Physics, Key Laboratory of Theoretical Physics of Gansu Province, Key Laboratory of Quantum Theory and Applications of MOE, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - ZhenHua Li
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Lanzhou Center for Theoretical Physics, Key Laboratory of Theoretical Physics of Gansu Province, Key Laboratory of Quantum Theory and Applications of MOE, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Shuo Wang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Lanzhou Center for Theoretical Physics, Key Laboratory of Theoretical Physics of Gansu Province, Key Laboratory of Quantum Theory and Applications of MOE, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Guoqiang Peng
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Lanzhou Center for Theoretical Physics, Key Laboratory of Theoretical Physics of Gansu Province, Key Laboratory of Quantum Theory and Applications of MOE, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Wei Lan
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Lanzhou Center for Theoretical Physics, Key Laboratory of Theoretical Physics of Gansu Province, Key Laboratory of Quantum Theory and Applications of MOE, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Haoxu Wang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Lanzhou Center for Theoretical Physics, Key Laboratory of Theoretical Physics of Gansu Province, Key Laboratory of Quantum Theory and Applications of MOE, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Zhiwen Jin
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Lanzhou Center for Theoretical Physics, Key Laboratory of Theoretical Physics of Gansu Province, Key Laboratory of Quantum Theory and Applications of MOE, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
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Dudipala KR, Le TH, Nie W, Hoye RLZ. Halide Perovskites and Their Derivatives for Efficient, High-Resolution Direct Radiation Detection: Design Strategies and Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2304523. [PMID: 37726105 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202304523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
The past decade has witnessed a rapid rise in the performance of optoelectronic devices based on lead-halide perovskites (LHPs). The large mobility-lifetime products and defect tolerance of these materials, essential for optoelectronics, also make them well-suited for radiation detectors, especially given the heavy elements present, which is essential for strong X-ray and γ-ray attenuation. Over the past decade, LHP thick films, wafers, and single crystals have given rise to direct radiation detectors that have outperformed incumbent technologies in terms of sensitivity (reported values up to 3.5 × 106 µC Gyair -1 cm-2 ), limit of detection (directly measured values down to 1.5 nGyair s-1 ), along with competitive energy and imaging resolution at room temperature. At the same time, lead-free perovskite-inspired materials (e.g., methylammonium bismuth iodide), which have underperformed in solar cells, have recently matched and, in some areas (e.g., in polarization stability), surpassed the performance of LHP detectors. These advances open up opportunities to achieve devices for safer medical imaging, as well as more effective non-invasive analysis for security, nuclear safety, or product inspection applications. Herein, the principles behind the rapid rises in performance of LHP and perovskite-inspired material detectors, and how their properties and performance link with critical applications in non-invasive diagnostics are discussed. The key strategies to engineer the performance of these materials, and the important challenges to overcome to commercialize these new technologies are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thanh-Hai Le
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA
| | - Wanyi Nie
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA
| | - Robert L Z Hoye
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QR, UK
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Geng X, Chen Y, Li Y, Ren J, Dun G, Qin K, Lin Z, Peng J, Tian H, Yang Y, Xie D, Ren T. Lead-Free Halide Perovskites for Direct X-Ray Detectors. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2300256. [PMID: 37232232 PMCID: PMC10427383 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202300256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Lead halide perovskites have made remarkable progress in the field of radiation detection owing to the excellent and unique optoelectronic properties. However, the instability and the toxicity of lead-based perovskites have greatly hindered its practical applications. Alternatively, lead-free perovskites with high stability and environmental friendliness thus have fascinated significant research attention for direct X-ray detection. In this review, the current research progress of X-ray detectors based on lead-free halide perovskites is focused. First, the synthesis methods of lead-free perovskites including single crystals and films are discussed. In addition, the properties of these materials and the detectors, which can provide a better understanding and designing satisfactory devices are also presented. Finally, the challenge and outlook for developing high-performance lead-free perovskite X-ray detectors are also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangshun Geng
- School of Integrated Circuit & Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist)Tsinghua UniversityBeijing100084P. R. China
| | - Yu‐Ang Chen
- School of Integrated Circuit & Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist)Tsinghua UniversityBeijing100084P. R. China
| | - Yuan‐Yuan Li
- School of Integrated Circuit & Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist)Tsinghua UniversityBeijing100084P. R. China
| | - Jun Ren
- School of Integrated Circuit & Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist)Tsinghua UniversityBeijing100084P. R. China
| | - Guan‐Hua Dun
- School of Integrated Circuit & Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist)Tsinghua UniversityBeijing100084P. R. China
| | - Ken Qin
- School of Integrated Circuit & Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist)Tsinghua UniversityBeijing100084P. R. China
| | - Zhu Lin
- Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and TechnologyTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084P. R. China
| | - Jiali Peng
- School of Integrated Circuit & Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist)Tsinghua UniversityBeijing100084P. R. China
| | - He Tian
- School of Integrated Circuit & Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist)Tsinghua UniversityBeijing100084P. R. China
| | - Yi Yang
- School of Integrated Circuit & Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist)Tsinghua UniversityBeijing100084P. R. China
| | - Dan Xie
- School of Integrated Circuit & Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist)Tsinghua UniversityBeijing100084P. R. China
| | - Tian‐Ling Ren
- School of Integrated Circuit & Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist)Tsinghua UniversityBeijing100084P. R. China
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Li SL, Li KJ, Shen Y, Wang YJ, Yang W, Qu M, Qi Z, Zhang J, Zhang XM. Selective Photochromic Response to Low-Dose X-ray Radiation Detection in One-Dimensional Cadmium-Viologen Complexes. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:4990-4998. [PMID: 36921355 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c00170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
Photochromic viologen-based materials have emerged as one of the most promising candidates for the development of X-ray light detection applications, including medical diagnosis and treatment, environmental radiation inspection, and industrial crack detection. However, the design and construction of low-dose X-ray-sensitive complexes remains an immense challenge, especially for the in-depth dissection of their response mechanisms. Herein, by using N,N'-4,4'-bipyridiniodipropionate (CV) as functional sensitive structural units and cadmium as heavy atoms, two cadmium-viologen complexes with one-dimensional chained structures, namely, [Cd2Cl4(CV)(H2O)2]n (1) and [CdBr2(CV)]n (2), have been constructed, which exhibit a remarkable and selective photochromic response to low-dose X-ray radiation detection. Compound 1 is visually sensitive to both X-ray and UV light due to the more accessible photoinduced electron transfer (ET) pathways, while compound 2 only shows a slight color-changing process in response to UV light, in conformity with UV-vis absorbance analyses and kinetic studies. Surprisingly, compound 2 has longer ET pathways than 1, but not in response to high-energy X-ray light, seeming to contradict the previous phenomena. On further analysis, the key point in achieving X-ray-sensitive behavior should be a good balance among the electron donor-acceptor distance, intermolecular interaction, and X-ray absorbing capacity, as verified by density functional theory (DFT) and X-ray absorption strength calculations, X-ray photoelectron spectra, electron paramagnetic resonance measurements, and independent gradient model analysis. In particular, compound 1 is unprecedentedly sensitive to soft X-ray radiation, accompanied by an X-ray detection limit of as low as 2.91 Gy. These findings push forward the further development of low-dose X-ray sensing materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Li Li
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Molecules and Magnetic Information Materials of Ministry of Education & School of Chemistry and Materials Science of Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan 030032, China
| | - Kang-Jing Li
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Molecules and Magnetic Information Materials of Ministry of Education & School of Chemistry and Materials Science of Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan 030032, China
| | - Yuan Shen
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Molecules and Magnetic Information Materials of Ministry of Education & School of Chemistry and Materials Science of Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan 030032, China
| | - Yu-Jie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Molecules and Magnetic Information Materials of Ministry of Education & School of Chemistry and Materials Science of Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan 030032, China
| | - Wen Yang
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Molecules and Magnetic Information Materials of Ministry of Education & School of Chemistry and Materials Science of Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan 030032, China
| | - Mei Qu
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Molecules and Magnetic Information Materials of Ministry of Education & School of Chemistry and Materials Science of Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan 030032, China
| | - Zhikai Qi
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Molecules and Magnetic Information Materials of Ministry of Education & School of Chemistry and Materials Science of Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan 030032, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Molecules and Magnetic Information Materials of Ministry of Education & School of Chemistry and Materials Science of Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan 030032, China
| | - Xian-Ming Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Molecules and Magnetic Information Materials of Ministry of Education & School of Chemistry and Materials Science of Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan 030032, China.,Shanxi-Zheda Institute of Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering, Taiyuan 030032, P. R. China.,School of Chemistry, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, P. R. China
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6
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Zhang X, Yu S, Meng X, Xiao S. A Review on Lead‐Free Perovskites for X‐Ray Detection and Imaging. CRYSTAL RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/crat.202200232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering North China University of Science and Technology Tangshan Hebei 06210 China
| | - Shouwu Yu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering North China University of Science and Technology Tangshan Hebei 06210 China
| | - Xianguang Meng
- College of Materials Science and Engineering North China University of Science and Technology Tangshan Hebei 06210 China
| | - Shujuan Xiao
- College of Materials Science and Engineering North China University of Science and Technology Tangshan Hebei 06210 China
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7
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Realizing nearly-zero dark current and ultrahigh signal-to-noise ratio perovskite X-ray detector and image array by dark-current-shunting strategy. Nat Commun 2023; 14:626. [PMID: 36746946 PMCID: PMC9902443 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36313-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Although perovskite X-ray detectors have revealed promising properties, their dark currents are usually hundreds of times larger than the practical requirements. Here, we report a detector architecture with a unique shunting electrode working as a blanking unit to suppress dark current, and it theoretically can be reduced to zero. We experimentally fabricate the dark-current-shunting X-ray detector, which exhibits a record-low dark current of 51.1 fA at 5 V mm-1, a detection limit of 7.84 nGyair s-1, and a sensitivity of 1.3 × 104 μC Gyair-1 cm-2. The signal-to-noise ratio of our polycrystalline perovskite-based detector is even outperforming many previously reported state-of-the-art single crystal-based X-ray detectors by serval orders of magnitude. Finally, the proof-of-concept X-ray imaging of a 64 × 64 pixels dark-current-shunting detector array is successfully demonstrated. This work provides a device strategy to fundamentally reduce dark current and enhance the signal-to-noise ratio of X-ray detectors and photodetectors in general.
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Wang S, Lei Y, Chen H, Peng G, Wang Q, Wang H, Duan J, Jin Z. Vertically Oriented Porous PET as Template to Integrated Metal Halide for High-Performance Large-Area and Ultra-Flexible X-Ray Detector. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2205095. [PMID: 36373681 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202205095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
High-performance X-ray detectors have immense potential in medical and security inspections. However, the current X-ray detectors are limited in flexible, high-spatial-resolution large-scale detection, and integration for imaging. Here, nuclear track-etched porous polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is developed as the template for preparing uniform, large-area (≥105 cm2 ), and flexible metal halide (MH)-based X-ray detectors. Adjustable high-density vertically oriented porous PET with adjustable thickness can provide proper physical support for flexible thick absorption film, thus improving X-ray absorption ability with excellent bending stability. Moreover, vertical channels can block the ion migration, lateral charge diffusion, and water/oxygen attacks, increasing activation energy for ionic transport, charge collection rate of electrodes, and environmental stability. Hence, the related detectors eventually obtain large sensitivity (6722 µC Gyair -1 cm-2 ), low detection limit (1.87 nGyair s-1 ), and high spatial resolution (5.17 lp mm-1 ) compared to the detectors without porous PET template. Meanwhile, the device shows no degradation after storage or working under various thermal attacks. MH-filled-PET is also monolithically integrated on the bottom circuit with different MHs and it is applied to single-pixel mode and fast linear-array imaging in a broad range of X-rays photon energy (20 to 160 keV).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Wang
- School of Physical Science and Technology & Key Laboratory for Magnetism and Magnetic Materials of the Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Yutian Lei
- School of Physical Science and Technology & Key Laboratory for Magnetism and Magnetic Materials of the Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Huanyu Chen
- School of Physical Science and Technology & Key Laboratory for Magnetism and Magnetic Materials of the Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Guoqiang Peng
- School of Physical Science and Technology & Key Laboratory for Magnetism and Magnetic Materials of the Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Qian Wang
- School of Physical Science and Technology & Key Laboratory for Magnetism and Magnetic Materials of the Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Haoxu Wang
- School of Physical Science and Technology & Key Laboratory for Magnetism and Magnetic Materials of the Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Jinglai Duan
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- Advanced Energy Science and Technology Guangdong Laboratory, Huizhou, Guangdong, 516000, China
| | - Zhiwen Jin
- School of Physical Science and Technology & Key Laboratory for Magnetism and Magnetic Materials of the Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
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Liu X, Li H, Cui Q, Wang S, Ma C, Li N, Bu N, Yang T, Song X, Liu Y, Yang Z, Zhao K, Liu S(F. Molecular Doping of Flexible Lead‐Free Perovskite‐Polymer Thick Membranes for High‐Performance X‐Ray Detection. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202209320. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202209320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xinmei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry National Ministry of Education Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology Institute for Advanced Energy Materials School of Materials Science and Engineering Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an 710119 P. R. China
| | - Haojin Li
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry National Ministry of Education Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology Institute for Advanced Energy Materials School of Materials Science and Engineering Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an 710119 P. R. China
| | - Qingyue Cui
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry National Ministry of Education Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology Institute for Advanced Energy Materials School of Materials Science and Engineering Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an 710119 P. R. China
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy iChEM Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian 116023 P. R. China
- Department of Chemical Physics Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM) University of Science and Technology of China (USTC) Hefei 230026 P. R. China
| | - Shumei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry National Ministry of Education Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology Institute for Advanced Energy Materials School of Materials Science and Engineering Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an 710119 P. R. China
| | - Chuang Ma
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry National Ministry of Education Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology Institute for Advanced Energy Materials School of Materials Science and Engineering Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an 710119 P. R. China
| | - Nan Li
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry National Ministry of Education Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology Institute for Advanced Energy Materials School of Materials Science and Engineering Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an 710119 P. R. China
| | - Nuo Bu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry National Ministry of Education Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology Institute for Advanced Energy Materials School of Materials Science and Engineering Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an 710119 P. R. China
| | - Tinghuan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry National Ministry of Education Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology Institute for Advanced Energy Materials School of Materials Science and Engineering Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an 710119 P. R. China
| | - Xin Song
- Solar and Photovoltaic Engineering Research Center (SPERC) King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia
| | - Yucheng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry National Ministry of Education Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology Institute for Advanced Energy Materials School of Materials Science and Engineering Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an 710119 P. R. China
| | - Zhou Yang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry National Ministry of Education Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology Institute for Advanced Energy Materials School of Materials Science and Engineering Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an 710119 P. R. China
| | - Kui Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry National Ministry of Education Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology Institute for Advanced Energy Materials School of Materials Science and Engineering Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an 710119 P. R. China
| | - Shengzhong (Frank) Liu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry National Ministry of Education Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology Institute for Advanced Energy Materials School of Materials Science and Engineering Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an 710119 P. R. China
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy iChEM Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian 116023 P. R. China
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10
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Liu X, Li H, Cui Q, Wang S, Ma C, Li N, Bu N, Yang T, Song X, Liu Y, Yang Z, Zhao K, Liu S(F. Molecular Doping of Flexible Lead‐Free Perovskite‐Polymer Thick Membranes for High‐Performance X‐Ray Detection. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202209320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xinmei Liu
- Shaanxi Normal University School of Materials Science and Engineering No. 620, West Chang'an Street, Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province CHINA
| | - Haojin Li
- Shaanxi Normal University School of Materials Science and Engineering CHINA
| | - Qingyue Cui
- University of Science and Technology of China School of Chemistry and Materials CHINA
| | - Shumei Wang
- Shaanxi Normal University School of Materials Science and Engineering CHINA
| | - Chuang Ma
- Shaanxi Normal University School of Materials Science and Engineering CHINA
| | - Nan Li
- Shaanxi Normal University School of Materials Science and Engineering CHINA
| | - Nuo Bu
- Shaanxi Normal University School of Materials Science and Engineering CHINA
| | - Tinghuan Yang
- Shaanxi Normal University School of Materials Science and Engineering CHINA
| | - Xin Song
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering SAUDI ARABIA
| | - Yucheng Liu
- Shaanxi Normal University School of Materials Science and Engineering CHINA
| | - Zhou Yang
- Shaanxi Normal University School of Materials Science and Engineering CHINA
| | - Kui Zhao
- Shaanxi Normal University Materials Science and Engineering No. 620, West Chang'an Avenue, Chang'an District 710000 Xi'an CHINA
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11
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Li X, Zhang P, Hua Y, Cui F, Sun X, Liu L, Bi Y, Yue Z, Zhang G, Tao X. Ultralow Detection Limit and Robust Hard X-ray Imaging Detector Based on Inch-Sized Lead-Free Perovskite Cs 3Bi 2Br 9 Single Crystals. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:9340-9351. [PMID: 35133123 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c24086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Halide perovskites are promising candidates for soft X-ray detection (<80 keV) owing to their high X-ray absorption coefficient, resistivity, and mobility lifetime product. However, the lack of large high-quality single crystals (SCs) renders it challenging to manufacture robust hard X-ray imaging systems (>100 keV) with a low detection limit and stable dark current. Herein, high-quality inch-size two-dimensional (2D) Cs3Bi2Br9 (CBB) single crystals are grown from a melt via the Bridgman method. The crystal quality is enhanced by eliminating inclusions of CsBr-rich phases and restraining the trap-state density, leading to an enhanced resistivity of 1.41 × 1012 Ω cm and a mobility lifetime product of 8.32 × 10-4 cm2 V-1. The Au/CBB/Au single-crystal device exhibits a high sensitivity of 1705 μC Gyair-1 cm-2 in all-inorganic bismuth-based perovskites and an ultralow detection limit of 0.58 nGyair s-1 in all of the bismuth-based perovskites for 120 keV hard X-ray detection. The CBB detector exhibits high work stability with an ultralow dark current drift of 2.8 × 10-10 nA cm-1 s-1 V-1 and long-term air environment reliability under a high electric field of 10 000 V cm-1 owing to the ultrahigh ionic activation energy of the 2D structure. The proposed robust imaging system based on CBB SC is a promising tool for X-ray medical imaging and diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Institute of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, P. R. China
| | - Peng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Institute of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, P. R. China
| | - Yunqiu Hua
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Institute of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, P. R. China
| | - Fucai Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Institute of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, P. R. China
| | - Xue Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Institute of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, P. R. China
| | - Lin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Institute of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, P. R. China
| | - Yanxiao Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Institute of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, P. R. China
| | - Zhongjie Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Institute of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, P. R. China
| | - Guodong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Institute of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, P. R. China
| | - Xutang Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Institute of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, P. R. China
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Li M, Li H, Li W, Li B, Lu T, Feng X, Guo C, Zhang H, Wei H, Yang B. Oriented 2D Perovskite Wafers for Anisotropic X-ray Detection through a Fast Tableting Strategy. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2108020. [PMID: 34865244 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202108020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
2D perovskite single crystals have emerged as excellent optoelectronic materials owing to their unique anisotropic properties. However, growing large 2D perovskite single crystals remains challenging and time-consuming. Here, a new composition of lead-free 2D perovskite-4-fluorophenethylammonium bismuth iodide [(F-PEA)3 BiI6 ] is reported. An oriented bulk 2D wafer with a large area of 1.33 cm2 is obtained by tableting disordered 2D perovskite powders, resulting in anisotropic resistivities of 5 × 1010 and 2 × 1011 Ω cm in the lateral and vertical directions, respectively. Trivalent Bi3+ ions are employed to achieve a stronger ionic bonding energy with I- ions, which intrinsically suppress the ion-migration effect. Thus, the oriented wafer presents good capabilities in both charge collection and ion-migration suppression under a large applied bias along the out-of-plane direction, making it suitable for low-dosage X-ray detection. The large-area wafer shows a sensitive response to hard X-rays operated at a tube voltage of 120 kVp with the lowest detectable dose rate of 30 nGy s-1 . Thus, the fast tableting process is a facile and effective strategy to synthesize large-area, oriented 2D wafers, showing excellent X-ray detection performance and operational stability that are comparable to those of 2D perovskite single crystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingbian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Huayang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Weijun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Bao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Tong Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Xiaopeng Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Chunjie Guo
- Department of Radiology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Huimao Zhang
- Department of Radiology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Haotong Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
- Optical Functional Theragnostic Joint Laboratory of Medicine and Chemistry, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Bai Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
- Optical Functional Theragnostic Joint Laboratory of Medicine and Chemistry, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
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13
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Kim D, Yang G. Perovskite materials: from single crystals to radiation detection. CrystEngComm 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2ce00637e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Pb- and Bi-based perovskite materials have high potential for detecting ionizing radiation but an enhanced research effort is needed to achieve large-size, high-performance single crystals at a competitive cost to accelerate this development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doup Kim
- Department of Nuclear Engineering, North Carolina State University, 2500 Stinson Drive, Raleigh, NC 27607-7909, USA
| | - Ge Yang
- Department of Nuclear Engineering, North Carolina State University, 2500 Stinson Drive, Raleigh, NC 27607-7909, USA
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14
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Lead-free Rudorffite-type Cs3Bi2Br9 nanoparticles for photocatalytic degradation of rhodamine B and methylene blue. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2021.113460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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15
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Zhang M, Zhao W, Xin D, Lei L, Long J, Zhao Y, Zhu J, Zheng X, Chen Q, Zhang WH. Solvent Free Laminated Fabrication of Lead Halide Perovskites for Sensitive and Stable X-ray Detection. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:6961-6966. [PMID: 34283605 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c02171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The halide perovskite X-ray detector can meet the urgent needs of low-dose medical imaging by X-rays. However, there is still a pressing challenge in lacking robust methods for large-scale fabrication of high-quality perovskite films with tunable thickness. Here we report a laminated fabrication of polycrystalline MAPbI3 by using solvent-free liquid perovskite molten-salt (PMS), that offers reduced toxic issue, scalable fabrication, and highly tunability in film thickness. Nylon membrane was chosen as a scaffold for the infiltration of PMS, which simultaneously acts as a physical barrier to suppress the ionic migration in the MAPbI3-nylon composite (denoted as MAPbI3-LLP). The enhanced material properties result in good stability and high performance of X-ray detectors that show low detection limit and high sensitivity. Additionally, single gamma-ray photon detection was realized by MAPbI3-LLP detectors. The promising performance characteristics of such polycrystalline detectors can accelerate the adoption of polycrystalline perovskites in X-ray imaging and gamma-ray detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
- Sichuan Research Center of New Materials, Institute of Chemical Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Chengdu 610200, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Institute of Fluid Physics, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, China
| | - Deyu Xin
- Sichuan Research Center of New Materials, Institute of Chemical Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Chengdu 610200, China
- Department of Materials Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Lin Lei
- Institute of Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Jiangyou 621908, China
| | - Jidong Long
- Institute of Fluid Physics, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, China
| | - Yiying Zhao
- Institute of Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Jiangyou 621908, China
| | - Jianguo Zhu
- Department of Materials Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Xiaojia Zheng
- Sichuan Research Center of New Materials, Institute of Chemical Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Chengdu 610200, China
| | - Qi Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Wen-Hua Zhang
- Sichuan Research Center of New Materials, Institute of Chemical Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Chengdu 610200, China
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16
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Li W, Xin D, Tie S, Ren J, Dong S, Lei L, Zheng X, Zhao Y, Zhang WH. Zero-Dimensional Lead-Free FA 3Bi 2I 9 Single Crystals for High-Performance X-ray Detection. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:1778-1785. [PMID: 33576232 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c00090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Direct X-ray detectors based on metal halide perovskites and their derivatives exhibit high sensitivity and low limit of detection (LoD). Compared with three-dimensional (3D) hybrid lead halide perovskites, low-dimensional A3Bi2I9 perovskite derivatives (A = Cs, Rb, NH4, CH3NH3(MA)) present better stability, greater environmental friendliness, and comparable X-ray detection performance. Here, we report FA3Bi2I9 (FA= CH(NH2)2) single crystals (SCs) as a new member of the A3Bi2I9 series for X-ray detection, which were prepared by the nucleation-controlled secondary solution constant temperature evaporation (SSCE) method. Centimeter-sized FA3Bi2I9 SCs show a full width at half-maximum (fwhm) of 0.0096°, which is superior to that of recently reported Cs3Bi2I9 (0.058°) and MA3Bi2I9 SCs (0.024°) obtained by inverse temperature crystallization (ITC). The as-grown FA3Bi2I9 SC shows a large resistivity of 7.8 × 1010 Ω cm and a high ion migration activation energy (Ea) of 0.56 eV, which can guarantee a low noise level and good operational stability under a large external bias. The FA3Bi2I9 SC detector exhibits a LoD of 0.2 μGyair s-1, a sensitivity of 598.1 μC Gyair -1 cm -2, and an X-ray detection efficiency of 33.5%, which are much better than those of the commercialized amorphous selenium detector. Results presented here will provide a new lead-free perovskite-type material to achieve green, sensitive, and stable X-ray detectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Sichuan Research Center of New Materials, Institute of Chemical Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics, 596 Yinhe Road, Shuangliu, Chengdu 610200, China
| | - Deyu Xin
- Sichuan Research Center of New Materials, Institute of Chemical Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics, 596 Yinhe Road, Shuangliu, Chengdu 610200, China
| | - Shujie Tie
- Sichuan Research Center of New Materials, Institute of Chemical Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics, 596 Yinhe Road, Shuangliu, Chengdu 610200, China
| | - Jiwei Ren
- Institute of Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Jiangyou 621908, China
| | - Siyin Dong
- Sichuan Research Center of New Materials, Institute of Chemical Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics, 596 Yinhe Road, Shuangliu, Chengdu 610200, China
| | - Lin Lei
- Institute of Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Jiangyou 621908, China
| | - Xiaojia Zheng
- Sichuan Research Center of New Materials, Institute of Chemical Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics, 596 Yinhe Road, Shuangliu, Chengdu 610200, China
| | - Yiying Zhao
- Institute of Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Jiangyou 621908, China
| | - Wen-Hua Zhang
- Sichuan Research Center of New Materials, Institute of Chemical Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics, 596 Yinhe Road, Shuangliu, Chengdu 610200, China
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17
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Xu Q, Li C, Nie J, Guo Y, Wang X, Zhang B, Ouyang X. Highly Sensitive and Stable X-ray Detector Based on a 0D Structural Cs 4PbI 6 Single Crystal. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:287-293. [PMID: 33337893 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c03411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Lead halide perovskite single crystals with a high X-ray stopping power and large μτ product have been successfully used for X-ray detection. However, poor air stability and ionic migration lead to the degradation of the devices for long-term operations. Here, we report a solution-processed lead 0D bulk Cs4PbI6 single crystal, which have I atoms in isolated [PbI6]4-. This 0D Cs4PbI6 single crystal has a μτ product of 9.7 × 10-4 cm2 V-1 and an activation energy of 321.28 meV. We have fabricated a photoconductor device with a symmetric Au/Cs4PbI6/Au sandwich structure, which exhibits a high sensitivity of 451.49 μC Gy-1 cm-2 under 30 keV X-ray irradiation at an applied voltage of 30 V. After storing the device in air at room temperature for three months, the device retains nearly the same sensitivity as the original. These results demonstrate that this 0D Cs4PbI6 perovskite single crystal has great potential for practical X-ray detection applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Xu
- Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 211106, China
| | - Chen Li
- Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 211106, China
| | - Jing Nie
- Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 211106, China
| | - Yong Guo
- Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 211106, China
| | - Xiang Wang
- Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 211106, China
| | - Bohao Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 211106, China
| | - Xiaoping Ouyang
- Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 211106, China
- Shaanxi Engineering Research Center of Controllable Neutron Source, School of Science, Xijing University, Xi'an 710123, China
- Northwest Institute of Nuclear Technology, Xi'an 710024, China
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