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Xiao H, Zhao W, Zhang Y, Kang H, Zhang Z, Yang J. Selective correlations between aliphatic 13C nuclei in protein solid-state NMR. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2024; 365:107730. [PMID: 38981307 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2024.107730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is a potent tool for studying the structures and dynamics of insoluble proteins. It starts with signal assignment through multi-dimensional correlation experiments, where the aliphatic 13Cα-13Cβ correlation is indispensable for identifying specific residues. However, developing efficient methods for achieving this correlation is a challenge in solid-state NMR. We present a simple band-selective zero-quantum (ZQ) recoupling method, named POST-C4161 (PC4), which enhances 13Cα-13Cβ correlations under moderate magic-angle spinning (MAS) conditions. PC4 requires minimal 13C radio-frequency (RF) field and proton decoupling, exhibits high stability against RF variations, and achieves superior efficiency. Comparative tests on various samples, including the formyl-Met-Leu-Phe (fMLF) tripeptide, microcrystalline β1 immunoglobulin binding domain of protein G (GB1), and membrane protein of mechanosensitive channel of large conductance from Methanosarcina acetivorans (MaMscL), demonstrate that PC4 selectively enhances 13Cα-13Cβ correlations by up to 50 % while suppressing unwanted correlations, as compared to the popular dipolar-assisted rotational resonance (DARR). It has addressed the long-standing need for selective 13C-13C correlation methods. We anticipate that this simple but efficient PC4 method will have immediate applications in structural biology by solid-state NMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Xiao
- National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Weijing Zhao
- National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, PR China; Interdisciplinary Institute of NMR and Molecular Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, The State Key Laboratory of Refractories and Metallurgy, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, PR China
| | - Yan Zhang
- National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, PR China
| | - Huimin Kang
- National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, PR China
| | - Zhengfeng Zhang
- National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, PR China; Interdisciplinary Institute of NMR and Molecular Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, The State Key Laboratory of Refractories and Metallurgy, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, PR China.
| | - Jun Yang
- National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, PR China; Interdisciplinary Institute of NMR and Molecular Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, The State Key Laboratory of Refractories and Metallurgy, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, PR China; Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, PR China.
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2
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Chávez M, Ernst M. Continuous Floquet theory in solid-state NMR. J Chem Phys 2024; 160:244111. [PMID: 38940539 DOI: 10.1063/5.0213078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
This article presents the application of continuous Floquet theory in solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Continuous Floquet theory extends the traditional Floquet theory to non-continuous Hamiltonians, enabling the description of observable effects not fully captured by the traditional Floquet theory due to its requirement for a periodic Hamiltonian. We present closed-form expressions for computing first- and second-order effective Hamiltonians, streamlining integration with the traditional Floquet theory and facilitating application in NMR experiments featuring multiple modulation frequencies. Subsequently, we show examples of the practical application of continuous Floquet theory by investigating several solid-state NMR experiments. These examples illustrate the importance of the duration of the pulse scheme regarding the width of the resonance conditions and the near-resonance behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matías Chávez
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Ernst
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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3
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Mi J, Chen Y, Atterberry BA, Nordstrom FL, Hirsh DA, Rossini AJ. Probing the Molecular and Macroscopic Structure of Solid Solutions by Dynamic Nuclear Polarization (DNP) Enhanced 13C and 15N Solid-State NMR Spectroscopy. Mol Pharm 2024; 21:2949-2959. [PMID: 38685852 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.4c00083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Crystallization is a widely used purification technique in the manufacture of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) and precursor molecules. However, when impurities and desired compounds have similar molecular structures, separation by crystallization may become challenging. In such cases, some impurities may form crystalline solid solutions with the desired product during recrystallization. Understanding the molecular structure of these recrystallized solid solutions is crucial to devise methods for effective purification. Unfortunately, there are limited analytical techniques that provide insights into the molecular structure or spatial distribution of impurities that are incorporated within recrystallized products. In this study, we investigated model solid solutions formed by recrystallizing salicylic acid (SA) in the presence of anthranilic acid (AA). These two molecules are known to form crystalline solid solutions due to their similar molecular structures. To overcome challenges associated with the long 1H longitudinal relaxation times (T1(1H)) of SA and AA, we employed dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) and 15N isotope enrichment to enable solid-state NMR experiments. Results of solid-state NMR experiments and DFT calculations revealed that SA and AA are homogeneously alloyed as a solid solution. Heteronuclear correlation (HETCOR) experiments and plane-wave DFT structural models provide further evidence of the molecular-level interactions between SA and AA. This research provides valuable insights into the molecular structure of recrystallized solid solutions, contributing to the development of effective purification strategies and an understanding of the physicochemical properties of solid solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiashan Mi
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50010, United States
| | - Yunhua Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50010, United States
| | | | - Fredrik L Nordstrom
- Material & Analytical Sciences, Boehringer-Ingelheim, Ridgefield, Connecticut 06877, United States
| | - David A Hirsh
- Material & Analytical Sciences, Boehringer-Ingelheim, Ridgefield, Connecticut 06877, United States
| | - Aaron J Rossini
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50010, United States
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4
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Yan Z, Zhao P, Yan X, Zhang R. Using Abundant 1H Polarization to Enhance the Sensitivity of Solid-State NMR Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:1866-1878. [PMID: 38343090 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c03532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Solid-state NMR spectroscopy has been playing a significant role in elucidating the structures and dynamics of materials and proteins at the atomic level for decades. As an extremely abundant nucleus with a very high gyromagnetic ratio, protons are widely present in most organic/inorganic materials. Thus, this Perspective highlights the advantages of proton detection at fast magic-angle spinning (MAS) and presents strategies to utilize and exhaust 1H polarization to achieve signal sensitivity enhancement of solid-state NMR spectroscopy, enabling substantial time savings and extraction of more structural and dynamics information per unit time. Those strategies include developing sensitivity-enhanced single-channel 1H multidimensional NMR spectroscopy, implementing multiple polarization transfer steps in each scan to enhance low-γ nuclei signals, and making full use of 1H polarization to obtain homonuclear and heteronuclear chemical shift correlation spectra in a single experiment. Finally, outlooks and perspectives are provided regarding the challenges and future for the further development of sensitivity-enhanced proton-based solid-state NMR spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Yan
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology (AISMST), School of Emergent Soft Matter (SESM), South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Peizhi Zhao
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology (AISMST), School of Emergent Soft Matter (SESM), South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Xiaojing Yan
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology (AISMST), School of Emergent Soft Matter (SESM), South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Rongchun Zhang
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology (AISMST), School of Emergent Soft Matter (SESM), South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional and Intelligent Hybrid Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
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5
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Xiao H, Zhang Z, Kang H, Yang J. Solid-State NMR Double-Quantum Dipolar Recoupling Enhanced by Additional Phase Modulation. Chemphyschem 2023; 24:e202300141. [PMID: 37309720 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202300141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Additional phase modulation (APM) is proposed to generally enhance the theoretical efficiency of homonuclear double-quantum (DQ) recoupling in solid-state NMR. APM applies an additional phase list to DQ recoupling in steps of an entire block. The sine-based phase list can enhance the theoretical efficiency by 15-30 %, from 0.52 to 0.68 (non-γ-encoded recoupling) or from 0.73 to 0.84 (γ-encoded recoupling), with doubled recoupling time. The genetic-algorithm (GA) optimized APM can adiabatically enhance the efficiency to ∼1.0 at longer times. The concept of APM has been tested on SPR-51 , BaBa, and SPR-31 , which represent γ-encoded recoupling, non-γ-encoded recoupling, and another kind beyond the former two, respectively. Simulations reveal that enhancements from APM are due to the activation of more crystallites in the powder. Experiments on 2,3-13 C labeled alanine are used to validate the APM recoupling. This new concept shall shed light on developing more efficient homonuclear recoupling methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Xiao
- National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, 430071, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhengfeng Zhang
- National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, 430071, China
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China
| | - Huimin Kang
- National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, 430071, China
| | - Jun Yang
- National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, 430071, China
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China
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6
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Nimerovsky E, Najbauer EÉ, Becker S, Andreas LB. Great Offset Difference Internuclear Selective Transfer. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:3939-3945. [PMID: 37078685 PMCID: PMC10150390 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c00194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Carbon-carbon dipolar recoupling sequences are frequently used building blocks in routine magic-angle spinning NMR experiments. While broadband homonuclear first-order dipolar recoupling sequences mainly excite intra-residue correlations, selective methods can detect inter-residue transfers and long-range correlations. Here, we present the great offset difference internuclear selective transfer (GODIST) pulse sequence optimized for selective carbonyl or aliphatic recoupling at fast magic-angle spinning, here, 55 kHz. We observe a 3- to 5-fold increase in intensities compared with broadband RFDR recoupling for perdeuterated microcrystalline SH3 and for the membrane protein influenza A M2 in lipid bilayers. In 3D (H)COCO(N)H and (H)CO(CO)NH spectra, inter-residue carbonyl-carbonyl correlations up to about 5 Å are observed in uniformly 13C-labeled proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeny Nimerovsky
- Department of NMR-based Structural
Biology, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary
Sciences, Am Fassberg 11, Göttingen 37077, Germany
| | - Eszter Éva Najbauer
- Department of NMR-based Structural
Biology, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary
Sciences, Am Fassberg 11, Göttingen 37077, Germany
| | - Stefan Becker
- Department of NMR-based Structural
Biology, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary
Sciences, Am Fassberg 11, Göttingen 37077, Germany
| | - Loren B. Andreas
- Department of NMR-based Structural
Biology, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary
Sciences, Am Fassberg 11, Göttingen 37077, Germany
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7
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Nishiyama Y, Hou G, Agarwal V, Su Y, Ramamoorthy A. Ultrafast Magic Angle Spinning Solid-State NMR Spectroscopy: Advances in Methodology and Applications. Chem Rev 2023; 123:918-988. [PMID: 36542732 PMCID: PMC10319395 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Solid-state NMR spectroscopy is one of the most commonly used techniques to study the atomic-resolution structure and dynamics of various chemical, biological, material, and pharmaceutical systems spanning multiple forms, including crystalline, liquid crystalline, fibrous, and amorphous states. Despite the unique advantages of solid-state NMR spectroscopy, its poor spectral resolution and sensitivity have severely limited the scope of this technique. Fortunately, the recent developments in probe technology that mechanically rotate the sample fast (100 kHz and above) to obtain "solution-like" NMR spectra of solids with higher resolution and sensitivity have opened numerous avenues for the development of novel NMR techniques and their applications to study a plethora of solids including globular and membrane-associated proteins, self-assembled protein aggregates such as amyloid fibers, RNA, viral assemblies, polymorphic pharmaceuticals, metal-organic framework, bone materials, and inorganic materials. While the ultrafast-MAS continues to be developed, the minute sample quantity and radio frequency requirements, shorter recycle delays enabling fast data acquisition, the feasibility of employing proton detection, enhancement in proton spectral resolution and polarization transfer efficiency, and high sensitivity per unit sample are some of the remarkable benefits of the ultrafast-MAS technology as demonstrated by the reported studies in the literature. Although the very low sample volume and very high RF power could be limitations for some of the systems, the advantages have spurred solid-state NMR investigation into increasingly complex biological and material systems. As ultrafast-MAS NMR techniques are increasingly used in multidisciplinary research areas, further development of instrumentation, probes, and advanced methods are pursued in parallel to overcome the limitations and challenges for widespread applications. This review article is focused on providing timely comprehensive coverage of the major developments on instrumentation, theory, techniques, applications, limitations, and future scope of ultrafast-MAS technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Nishiyama
- JEOL Ltd., Akishima, Tokyo196-8558, Japan
- RIKEN-JEOL Collaboration Center, Yokohama, Kanagawa230-0045, Japan
| | - Guangjin Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, 2011-Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan Road 457, Dalian116023, China
| | - Vipin Agarwal
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Sy. No. 36/P, Gopanpally, Hyderabad500 046, India
| | - Yongchao Su
- Analytical Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey07065, United States
| | - Ayyalusamy Ramamoorthy
- Biophysics, Department of Chemistry, Biomedical Engineering, Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Michigan Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan41809-1055, United States
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8
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Yan Z, Zhang R. Multiple acquisitions in a single scan: exhausting abundant 1H polarization at fast MAS. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2023; 346:107338. [PMID: 36463686 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2022.107338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Proton-detected solid-state NMR spectroscopy is emerging as a unique tool for atomic characterization of organic solids due to the boost of resolution and sensitivity afforded by the combined use of high magnetic field and ultrafast magic angle spinning (MAS). Here, we proposed a new set of proton-detected solid-state NMR sequences that hybrid multi-dimensional 1H-1H homonuclear chemical shift correlation (HOMCOR) and two-dimensional 1H-13C heteronuclear chemical shift correlation (HETCOR) sequences into a single experiment, enabling the simultaneous acquisition of multidimensional HOMCOR and HETCOR spectra and thus significant time savings. Based on the core idea of exhausting 1H polarization in each transient scan, we firstly demonstrated that 3D 1H multiple-quantum (MQ) HOMCOR sequence can be combined with 2D HETCOR sequence into a single experiment, leading to the simultaneous acquisition of a 3D 1H MQ HOMCOR and a 2D 1H-13C HETCOR spectrum. Besides, we also showed that 2D 1H/1H double-quantum/single-quantum (DQ/SQ) and single-quantum/single-quantum (SQ/SQ) HOMCOR sequence can be simultaneously combined with HETCOR sequence either, and thus three spectra can be simultaneously obtained from one experiment, including 2D 1H DQ/SQ, 2D 1H SQ/SQ and 2D 1H-13C HETCOR spectra. Since there is only one recycle delay in each experiment, experimental time is substantially reduced compared to separate acquisition of each multi-dimensional solid-state NMR spectrum. Furthermore, those new sequences can be implemented on any standard solid-state spectrometer with only one receiver. Thus, we foresee that these approaches can be valuable for the study of a broad range of molecular systems, including polymers, pharmaceuticals, covalent-organic frameworks (COF) and so on.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Yan
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology (AISMST), School of Emergent Soft Matter (SESM), South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
| | - Rongchun Zhang
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology (AISMST), School of Emergent Soft Matter (SESM), South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional and Intelligent Hybrid Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, PR China.
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Du Y, Frank D, Chen Z, Struppe J, Su Y. Ultrafast magic angle spinning NMR characterization of pharmaceutical solid polymorphism: A posaconazole example. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2023; 346:107352. [PMID: 36535214 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2022.107352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Protons represent the most NMR-sensitive nucleus in pharmaceutical compounds. Therefore, proton-detected solid-state NMR techniques under fast magic angle spinning are among the few solutions to overcome the challenge of low sensitivity to analyze natural abundant drug substances and products. In this study, we report the structural characterization of crystal polymorphs of a commercial drug molecule, posaconazole, with a relatively large molecular weight of 700.8 g·mol-1 and at the natural abundance. The enhanced sensitivity and resolution at 100 kHz MAS enables the exploration of the distinct intermolecular packing in posaconazole forms I, III, and γ. These results demonstrate that proton-detected homo- and heteronuclear correlation methods can probe the structural details of pharmaceutical polymorphism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Du
- Analytical Research & Development, Merck & Co., Inc, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Derek Frank
- Process Research & Development, Merck & Co., Inc, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Zhenxuan Chen
- Analytical Research & Development, Merck & Co., Inc, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | | | - Yongchao Su
- Analytical Research & Development, Merck & Co., Inc, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA.
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10
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Ahlawat S, Mopidevi SMV, Taware PP, Raran-Kurussi S, Mote KR, Agarwal V. Assignment of aromatic side-chain spins and characterization of their distance restraints at fast MAS. J Struct Biol X 2022; 7:100082. [PMID: 36618437 PMCID: PMC9817166 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjsbx.2022.100082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The assignment of aromatic side-chain spins has always been more challenging than assigning backbone and aliphatic spins. Selective labeling combined with mutagenesis has been the approach for assigning aromatic spins. This manuscript reports a method for assigning aromatic spins in a fully protonated protein by connecting them to the backbone atoms using a low-power TOBSY sequence. The pulse sequence employs residual polarization and sequential acquisitions techniques to record HN- and HC-detected spectra in a single experiment. The unambiguous assignment of aromatic spins also enables the characterization of 1H-1H distance restraints involving aromatic spins. Broadband (RFDR) and selective (BASS-SD) recoupling sequences were used to generate HN-ΗC, HC-HN and HC-HC restraints involving the side-chain proton spins of aromatic residues. This approach has been demonstrated on a fully protonated U-[13C,15N] labeled GB1 sample at 95-100 kHz MAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahil Ahlawat
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad, Sy. No. 36/P, Gopanpally Village, Serilingampally Mandal, Ranga Reddy District, Hyderabad 500 046, India
| | - Subbarao Mohana Venkata Mopidevi
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad, Sy. No. 36/P, Gopanpally Village, Serilingampally Mandal, Ranga Reddy District, Hyderabad 500 046, India
| | - Pravin P. Taware
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad, Sy. No. 36/P, Gopanpally Village, Serilingampally Mandal, Ranga Reddy District, Hyderabad 500 046, India
| | - Sreejith Raran-Kurussi
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad, Sy. No. 36/P, Gopanpally Village, Serilingampally Mandal, Ranga Reddy District, Hyderabad 500 046, India
| | - Kaustubh R. Mote
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad, Sy. No. 36/P, Gopanpally Village, Serilingampally Mandal, Ranga Reddy District, Hyderabad 500 046, India
| | - Vipin Agarwal
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad, Sy. No. 36/P, Gopanpally Village, Serilingampally Mandal, Ranga Reddy District, Hyderabad 500 046, India
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11
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Chávez M, Ernst M. Interaction frames in solid-state NMR: A case study for chemical-shift-selective irradiation schemes. SOLID STATE NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE 2022; 122:101834. [PMID: 36327552 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssnmr.2022.101834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Interaction frames play an important role in describing and understanding experimental schemes in magnetic resonance. They are often used to eliminate dominating parts of the spin Hamiltonian, e.g., the Zeeman Hamiltonian in the usual (Zeeman) rotating frame, or the radio-frequency-field (rf) Hamiltonian to describe the efficiency of decoupling or recoupling sequences. Going into an interaction frame can also make parts of a time-dependent Hamiltonian time independent like the rf-field Hamiltonian in the usual (Zeeman) rotating frame. Eliminating the dominant term often allows a better understanding of the details of the spin dynamics. Going into an interaction frame can also reduces the energy-level splitting in the Hamiltonian leading to a faster convergence of perturbation expansions, average Hamiltonian, or Floquet theory. Often, there is no obvious choice of the interaction frame to use but some can be more convenient than others. Using the example of frequency-selective dipolar recoupling, we discuss the differences, advantages, and disadvantages of different choices of interaction frames. They always include the complete radio-frequency Hamiltonian but can also contain the chemical shifts of the spins and may or may not contain the effective fields over one cycle of the pulse sequence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matías Chávez
- Physical Chemistry, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Ernst
- Physical Chemistry, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland.
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12
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Tognetti J, Franks WT, Lewandowski JR, Brown SP. Optimisation of 1H PMLG homonuclear decoupling at 60 kHz MAS to enable 15N- 1H through-bond heteronuclear correlation solid-state NMR spectroscopy. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:20258-20273. [PMID: 35975627 PMCID: PMC9429863 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp01041k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The Lee-Goldburg condition for homonuclear decoupling in 1H magic-angle spinning (MAS) solid-state NMR sets the angle θ, corresponding to arctan of the ratio of the rf nutation frequency, ν1, to the rf offset, to be the magic angle, θm, equal to tan-1(√2) = 54.7°. At 60 kHz MAS, we report enhanced decoupling compared to MAS alone in a 1H spectrum of 15N-glycine with at θ = 30° for a ν1 of ∼100 kHz at a 1H Larmor frequency, ν0, of 500 MHz and 1 GHz, corresponding to a high chemical shift scaling factor (λCS) of 0.82. At 1 GHz, we also demonstrate enhanced decoupling compared to 60 kHz MAS alone for a lower ν1 of 51 kHz, i.e., a case where the nutation frequency is less than the MAS frequency, with θ = 18°, λCS = 0.92. The ratio of the rotor period to the decoupling cycle time, Ψ = τr/τc, is in the range 0.53 to 0.61. Windowed decoupling using the optimised parameters for a ν1 of ∼100 kHz also gives good performance in a 1H spin-echo experiment, enabling implementation in a 1H-detected 15N-1H cross polarisation (CP)-refocused INEPT heteronuclear correlation NMR experiment. Specifically, initial 15N transverse magnetisation as generated by 1H-15N CP is transferred back to 1H using a refocused INEPT pulse sequence employing windowed 1H decoupling. Such an approach ensures the observation of through-bond N-H connectivities. For 15N-glycine, while the CP-refocused INEPT experiment has a lower sensitivity (∼50%) as compared to a double CP experiment (with a 200 μs 15N to 1H CP contact time), there is selectivity for the directly bonded NH3+ moiety, while intensity is observed for the CH21H resonances in the double CP experiment. Two-dimensional 15N-1H correlation MAS NMR spectra are presented for the dipeptide β-AspAla and the pharmaceutical cimetidine at 60 kHz MAS, both at natural isotopic abundance. For the dipeptide β-AspAla, different build-up dependence on the first spin-echo duration is observed for the NH and NH3+ moieties demonstrating that the experiment could be used to distinguish resonances for different NHx groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Tognetti
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK.
| | - W Trent Franks
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK.
| | | | - Steven P Brown
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK.
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13
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Zhang Z, Su Y, Xiao H, Yang J. Selective Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Method for Enhancing Long-Range Heteronuclear Correlations in Solids. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:6376-6382. [PMID: 35796704 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c01527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The long-range heteronuclear correlation remains a significant challenge in solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), which is critical in the structural elucidation of biomolecular, material, and pharmaceutical solids. We propose a selective NMR method, heteronuclear selective phase-optimized recoupling (hetSPR), to selectively enhance long-range correlations of interest by utilizing characteristic chemical shifts. Compared to conventional methods, hetSPR can selectively enhance desired heteronuclear correlations (e.g., 1H-13C and 1H-19F) by factors up to 5 and largely suppress the unwanted ones. The method proves useful by enhancing the long-range correlation from an intermolecular 1H-19F distance of 4.8 Å by a factor of 2.4 in a fluorinated pharmaceutical drug, bicalutamide, under fast magic-angle spinning. It does not use selective pulses and is thus user-friendly even for nonexperts. The new method is expected to boost solid-state NMR to elucidate the structures of various solids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengfeng Zhang
- National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, P. R. China
| | - Yongchao Su
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, the University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - Hang Xiao
- National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Jun Yang
- National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, P. R. China
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
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14
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Ahlawat S, Mote KR, Raran-Kurussi S, Agarwal V. Mechanism of selective polarization exchange amongst chemically similar and distinct protons during weak rf irradiation at fast magic angle spinning. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2022; 340:107236. [PMID: 35609347 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2022.107236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Band Selective Spectral Spin-Diffusion (BASS-SD) is a method to obtain selective 1H-1H contacts between chemically similar protons within a distance range of 5-6 Å in fully protonated proteins. BASS-SD combines low-amplitude proton spinlock radio frequency (rf) pulses with fast MAS frequency to enable selective polarization exchange in fully protonated molecules. The selectivity of transfer is dictated by the bandwidth of the spinlock pulse and has been used to observe selective HN-HN, Hα-Ηα and Hmethyl-Hmethyl correlations. These proton-proton spatial contacts are similar to those observed in perdeuterated samples and serve as useful structural restraints towards de novo protein structure determination. This study employs bimodal Floquet theory to derive the first- and second-order effective Hamiltonians necessary to understand the spin dynamics during BASS-SD. Analytical calculations combined with numerical simulations delineate two different mechanisms for polarization transfer amongst the proton spins. The BASS-SD recoupling condition has been reoptimized to observe selective correlations between chemically different protons (e.g., HN-Hα) while retaining the spatial contacts between chemically similar protons (e.g., HN-HN). The new BASS-SD condition is integrated with simultaneous and sequential acquisition approaches to generate four different types of structural restraints (HN-HN, Hα-Ηα, HN-Hα, Hα-HN) in one experiment. The approach has been demonstrated on microcrystalline U-[13C,15N] labeled GB1 protein at ∼ 95-100 kHz MAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahil Ahlawat
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad, Sy. No. 36/P, Gopanpally Village, Serilingampally Mandal, Ranga Reddy District, Hyderabad 500 046, India
| | - Kaustubh R Mote
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad, Sy. No. 36/P, Gopanpally Village, Serilingampally Mandal, Ranga Reddy District, Hyderabad 500 046, India
| | - Sreejith Raran-Kurussi
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad, Sy. No. 36/P, Gopanpally Village, Serilingampally Mandal, Ranga Reddy District, Hyderabad 500 046, India
| | - Vipin Agarwal
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad, Sy. No. 36/P, Gopanpally Village, Serilingampally Mandal, Ranga Reddy District, Hyderabad 500 046, India.
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15
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Le Marchand T, Schubeis T, Bonaccorsi M, Paluch P, Lalli D, Pell AJ, Andreas LB, Jaudzems K, Stanek J, Pintacuda G. 1H-Detected Biomolecular NMR under Fast Magic-Angle Spinning. Chem Rev 2022; 122:9943-10018. [PMID: 35536915 PMCID: PMC9136936 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Since the first pioneering studies on small deuterated peptides dating more than 20 years ago, 1H detection has evolved into the most efficient approach for investigation of biomolecular structure, dynamics, and interactions by solid-state NMR. The development of faster and faster magic-angle spinning (MAS) rates (up to 150 kHz today) at ultrahigh magnetic fields has triggered a real revolution in the field. This new spinning regime reduces the 1H-1H dipolar couplings, so that a direct detection of 1H signals, for long impossible without proton dilution, has become possible at high resolution. The switch from the traditional MAS NMR approaches with 13C and 15N detection to 1H boosts the signal by more than an order of magnitude, accelerating the site-specific analysis and opening the way to more complex immobilized biological systems of higher molecular weight and available in limited amounts. This paper reviews the concepts underlying this recent leap forward in sensitivity and resolution, presents a detailed description of the experimental aspects of acquisition of multidimensional correlation spectra with fast MAS, and summarizes the most successful strategies for the assignment of the resonances and for the elucidation of protein structure and conformational dynamics. It finally outlines the many examples where 1H-detected MAS NMR has contributed to the detailed characterization of a variety of crystalline and noncrystalline biomolecular targets involved in biological processes ranging from catalysis through drug binding, viral infectivity, amyloid fibril formation, to transport across lipid membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanguy Le Marchand
- Centre
de RMN à Très Hauts Champs de Lyon, UMR 5082 CNRS/ENS
Lyon/Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, 5 rue de la Doua, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Tobias Schubeis
- Centre
de RMN à Très Hauts Champs de Lyon, UMR 5082 CNRS/ENS
Lyon/Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, 5 rue de la Doua, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Marta Bonaccorsi
- Centre
de RMN à Très Hauts Champs de Lyon, UMR 5082 CNRS/ENS
Lyon/Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, 5 rue de la Doua, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
- Department
of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm
University, Svante Arrhenius
väg 16C SE-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Piotr Paluch
- Faculty
of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, Warsaw 02-093, Poland
| | - Daniela Lalli
- Dipartimento
di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università
del Piemonte Orientale “A. Avogadro”, Viale Teresa Michel 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
| | - Andrew J. Pell
- Centre
de RMN à Très Hauts Champs de Lyon, UMR 5082 CNRS/ENS
Lyon/Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, 5 rue de la Doua, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
- Department
of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 16 C, SE-106
91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Loren B. Andreas
- Department
for NMR-Based Structural Biology, Max-Planck-Institute
for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Am Fassberg 11, Göttingen 37077, Germany
| | - Kristaps Jaudzems
- Latvian
Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles 21, Riga LV-1006 Latvia
- Faculty
of Chemistry, University of Latvia, Jelgavas 1, Riga LV-1004, Latvia
| | - Jan Stanek
- Faculty
of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, Warsaw 02-093, Poland
| | - Guido Pintacuda
- Centre
de RMN à Très Hauts Champs de Lyon, UMR 5082 CNRS/ENS
Lyon/Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, 5 rue de la Doua, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
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16
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Abstract
In the last two decades, solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (ssNMR) spectroscopy has transformed from a spectroscopic technique investigating small molecules and industrial polymers to a potent tool decrypting structure and underlying dynamics of complex biological systems, such as membrane proteins, fibrils, and assemblies, in near-physiological environments and temperatures. This transformation can be ascribed to improvements in hardware design, sample preparation, pulsed methods, isotope labeling strategies, resolution, and sensitivity. The fundamental engagement between nuclear spins and radio-frequency pulses in the presence of a strong static magnetic field is identical between solution and ssNMR, but the experimental procedures vastly differ because of the absence of molecular tumbling in solids. This review discusses routinely employed state-of-the-art static and MAS pulsed NMR methods relevant for biological samples with rotational correlation times exceeding 100's of nanoseconds. Recent developments in signal filtering approaches, proton methodologies, and multiple acquisition techniques to boost sensitivity and speed up data acquisition at fast MAS are also discussed. Several examples of protein structures (globular, membrane, fibrils, and assemblies) solved with ssNMR spectroscopy have been considered. We also discuss integrated approaches to structurally characterize challenging biological systems and some newly emanating subdisciplines in ssNMR spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahil Ahlawat
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad, Survey No. 36/P Gopanpally, Serilingampally, Ranga Reddy District, Hyderabad 500046, Telangana, India
| | - Kaustubh R Mote
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad, Survey No. 36/P Gopanpally, Serilingampally, Ranga Reddy District, Hyderabad 500046, Telangana, India
| | - Nils-Alexander Lakomek
- University of Düsseldorf, Institute for Physical Biology, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Vipin Agarwal
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad, Survey No. 36/P Gopanpally, Serilingampally, Ranga Reddy District, Hyderabad 500046, Telangana, India
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17
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Nimerovsky E, Najbauer EE, Movellan KT, Xue K, Becker S, Andreas LB. Modest Offset Difference Internuclear Selective Transfer via Homonuclear Dipolar Coupling. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:1540-1546. [PMID: 35133845 PMCID: PMC8859849 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c03871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Homonuclear dipolar recoupling is routinely used for magic-angle spinning NMR-based structure determination. In fully protonated samples, only short proton-proton distances are accessible to broadband recoupling approaches because of high proton density. Selective methods allow detection of longer distances by directing polarization to a subset of spins. Here we introduce the selective pulse sequence MODIST, which recouples spins that have a modest chemical shift offset difference, and demonstrate it to selectively record correlations between amide protons. The sequence was selected for good retention of total signal, leading to up to twice the intensity for proton-proton correlations compared with other selective methods. The sequence is effective across a range of spinning conditions and magnetic fields, here tested at 55.555 and 100 kHz magic-angle spinning and at proton Larmor frequencies from 600 to 1200 MHz. For influenza A M2 in lipid bilayers, cross-peaks characteristic of a helical conformation are observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeny Nimerovsky
- Department of NMR Based Structural
Biology, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical
Chemistry, Am Fassberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Eszter E. Najbauer
- Department of NMR Based Structural
Biology, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical
Chemistry, Am Fassberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Kumar Tekwani Movellan
- Department of NMR Based Structural
Biology, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical
Chemistry, Am Fassberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Kai Xue
- Department of NMR Based Structural
Biology, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical
Chemistry, Am Fassberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Stefan Becker
- Department of NMR Based Structural
Biology, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical
Chemistry, Am Fassberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Loren B. Andreas
- Department of NMR Based Structural
Biology, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical
Chemistry, Am Fassberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
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18
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He C, Li S, Xiao Y, Xu J, Deng F. Application of solid-state NMR techniques for structural characterization of metal-organic frameworks. SOLID STATE NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE 2022; 117:101772. [PMID: 35016011 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssnmr.2022.101772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Solid-state NMR can afford the structural information about the chemical composition, local environment, and spatial coordination at the atomic level, which has been extensively applied to characterize the detailed structure and host-guest interactions in metal-organic frameworks (MOFs). In this review, recent advances for the structural characterizations of MOFs using versatile solid-state NMR techniques were briefly introduced. High-field sensitivity-enhanced solid-state NMR method enabled the direct observation of metal centers in MOFs containing low-γ nuclei. Two-dimensional (2D) homo- and hetero-nuclear correlation MAS NMR experiments provided the spatial proximity among linkers, metal clusters and the introduced guest molecules. Moreover, quantitative measurement of inter-nuclear distances using solid-state NMR provided valuable structural information about the connectivity geometry as well as the host-guest interactions within MOFs. Furthermore, solid-state NMR has exhibited great potential for unraveling the structure property of MOFs containing paramagnetic metal centers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caiyan He
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Shenhui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China.
| | - Yuqing Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Jun Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Feng Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China.
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19
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Duong NT, Agarwal V, Nishiyama Y. Separating an overlapped 1H peak and identifying its 1H- 1H correlations with the use of single-channel 1H solid-state NMR at fast MAS. SOLID STATE NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE 2022; 117:101774. [PMID: 35051807 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssnmr.2022.101774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Fast magic-angle spinning (≥60 kHz) technique has enabled the acquisition of high-resolution 1H NMR spectra of solid materials. However, the spectral interpretation is still difficult because the 1H peaks are overlapped due to the narrow chemical shift range and broad linewidths. An additional 13C or 14N or 1H dimension possibly addresses the issues of overlapped proton resonances, but it leads to the elongated experimental time. Herein, we introduce a single-channel 1H experiment to separate the overlapped 1H peak and identify its spatially proximal 1H-1H correlations. This sequence combines selective excitation, selective 1H-1H polarization transfer by selective recoupling of protons (SERP), and broadband 1H recoupling by back-to-back (BABA) recoupling sequences. The concept for 1H separation is based on (i) the selective excitation of a well-resolved 1H peak and (ii) the selective dipolar polarization transfer from this isolated 1H peak to one of the 1H peaks in the overlapped/poor resolution region by SERP and (iii) the detection of 1H-1H correlations from these two 1H peaks to other neighboring 1Hs by BABA. We demonstrated the applicability of this approach to identify overlapped peaks on two molecules, β-L-aspartyl-l-alanine and Pioglitazone.HCl. The sequence allows the clear observation of 1H-1H correlations from an overlapped 1H peak without an additional heteronuclear dimension and ensures efficient polarization transfers that leads to twelve fold reduction in experimental time compared to 14N edited experiments. The limitation and the conditions of applicability for this approach are discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nghia Tuan Duong
- Nano-Crystallography Unit, RIKEN-JEOL Collaboration Center, RIKEN, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Vipin Agarwal
- TIFR Centre for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Hyderabad, Sy. No. 36/P, Gopanpally, Ranga Reddy District, Hyderabad, 500 107, India
| | - Yusuke Nishiyama
- Nano-Crystallography Unit, RIKEN-JEOL Collaboration Center, RIKEN, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan; JEOL RESONANCE Inc., Akishima, Tokyo, 196-8558, Japan.
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20
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Liang L, Ji Y, Chen K, Gao P, Zhao Z, Hou G. Solid-State NMR Dipolar and Chemical Shift Anisotropy Recoupling Techniques for Structural and Dynamical Studies in Biological Systems. Chem Rev 2022; 122:9880-9942. [PMID: 35006680 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
With the development of NMR methodology and technology during the past decades, solid-state NMR (ssNMR) has become a particularly important tool for investigating structure and dynamics at atomic scale in biological systems, where the recoupling techniques play pivotal roles in modern high-resolution MAS NMR. In this review, following a brief introduction on the basic theory of recoupling in ssNMR, we highlight the recent advances in dipolar and chemical shift anisotropy recoupling methods, as well as their applications in structural determination and dynamical characterization at multiple time scales (i.e., fast-, intermediate-, and slow-motion). The performances of these prevalent recoupling techniques are compared and discussed in multiple aspects, together with the representative applications in biomolecules. Given the recent emerging advances in NMR technology, new challenges for recoupling methodology development and potential opportunities for biological systems are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixin Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, National Laboratory for Clean Energy, 2011-Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan Road 457, Dalian 116023, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yi Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, National Laboratory for Clean Energy, 2011-Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan Road 457, Dalian 116023, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Kuizhi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, National Laboratory for Clean Energy, 2011-Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan Road 457, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Pan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, National Laboratory for Clean Energy, 2011-Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan Road 457, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Zhenchao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, National Laboratory for Clean Energy, 2011-Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan Road 457, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Guangjin Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, National Laboratory for Clean Energy, 2011-Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan Road 457, Dalian 116023, China
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21
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Yan Z, Zhang R. Rapid Structural Analysis of Minute Quantities of Organic Solids by Exhausting 1H Polarization in Solid-State NMR Spectroscopy Under Fast Magic Angle Spinning. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:12067-12074. [PMID: 34910488 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c03672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) often suffers from significant limitations due to the inherent low signal sensitivity when low-γ nuclei are involved. Herein, we report an elegant solid-state NMR approach for rapid structural analysis of minute amounts of organic solids. By encoding staggered chemical shift evolution in the indirect dimension and staggered acquisition in the 1H dimension, a proton-detected homonuclear 1H/1H and heteronuclear 13C/1H chemical shift correlation (HETCOR) spectrum can be obtained simultaneously in a single experiment at a fast magic-angle-spinning (MAS) condition with barely increasing the experimental time. We further show that during the conventional 1H-detected HETCOR experimental time, multiple homonuclear 1H/1H correlation spectra can be recorded in addition to the HETCOR spectrum, enabling the determination of 1H-1H distances. We establish that abundant 1H polarization can be efficiently manipulated and fully utilized in proton-detected solid-state NMR spectroscopy for extraction of more critical structural information and thus reduction of the total experimental time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Yan
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology (AISMST), School of Molecular Science and Engineering (MoSE), South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Rongchun Zhang
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology (AISMST), School of Molecular Science and Engineering (MoSE), South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional and Intelligent Hybrid Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
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22
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Simultaneous determination of multiple coupling networks by high-resolution 2D J-edited NMR spectroscopy. Anal Chim Acta 2021; 1185:339055. [PMID: 34711310 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.339055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
J coupling constitutes an important NMR parameter for molecular-level composition analysis and conformation elucidation. Dozens of J-based approaches have been exploited for J coupling measurement and coupling network determination, however, they are generally imposed to insufficient spectral resolution to resolve crowded NMR resonances and low measurement efficiency that a single experiment records one J coupling network. Herein, we propose a general NMR method to collect high-resolution 2D J-edited NMR spectra, which are characterized with advantages of pure absorptive lineshapes, decoupled chemical shift dimension, as well as eliminated axial peaks, thus facilitating J coupling partner assignments and J coupling constant measurements. More meaningfully, this protocol allows simultaneous determination of multiple coupling networks for highly efficient multiplet analyses via addressing multiple protons within one single experiment. Additionally, another variant is proposed for high-resolution applications under adverse magnetic field conditions. Therefore, this study provides a useful NMR protocol for configurational and structural studies with extensive applications in chemistry, biology, and material science.
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Xiao H, Zhang Z, Yang J. Theory of frequency-selective homonuclear dipolar recoupling in solid-state NMR. J Chem Phys 2021; 155:174105. [PMID: 34742189 DOI: 10.1063/5.0065396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance, frequency-selective homonuclear dipolar recoupling is key to quantitative distance measurement or selective enhancement of correlations between atoms of interest in multiple-spin systems, which are not amenable to band-selective or broadband recoupling. Previous frequency-selective recoupling is mostly based on the so-called rotational resonance (R2) condition that restricts the application to spin pairs with resonance frequencies differing in integral multiples of the magic-angle spinning (MAS) frequency. Recently, we have proposed a series of frequency-selective homonuclear recoupling sequences called SPR (short for Selective Phase-optimized Recoupling), which have been successfully applied for selective 1H-1H or 13C-13C recoupling under from moderate (∼10 kHz) to ultra-fast (150 kHz) MAS frequencies. In this study, we fully analyze the average Hamiltonian theory of SPR sequences and reveal the origin of frequency selectivity in recoupling. The theoretical description, as well as numerical simulations and experiments, demonstrates that the frequency selectivity can be easily controlled by the flip angle (p) in the (p)ϕk(p)ϕk+π unit in the pSPR-Nn sequences. Small flip angles lead to frequency-selective recoupling, while large flip angles may lead to broadband recoupling in principle. The result shall shed new light on the design of homonuclear recoupling sequences with arbitrary frequency bandwidths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Xiao
- National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengfeng Zhang
- National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Yang
- National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, People's Republic of China
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Shcherbakov AA, Medeiros-Silva J, Tran N, Gelenter MD, Hong M. From Angstroms to Nanometers: Measuring Interatomic Distances by Solid-State NMR. Chem Rev 2021; 122:9848-9879. [PMID: 34694769 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Internuclear distances represent one of the main structural constraints in molecular structure determination using solid-state NMR spectroscopy, complementing chemical shifts and orientational restraints. Although a large number of magic-angle-spinning (MAS) NMR techniques have been available for distance measurements, traditional 13C and 15N NMR experiments are inherently limited to distances of a few angstroms due to the low gyromagnetic ratios of these nuclei. Recent development of fast MAS triple-resonance 19F and 1H NMR probes has stimulated the design of MAS NMR experiments that measure distances in the 1-2 nm range with high sensitivity. This review describes the principles and applications of these multiplexed multidimensional correlation distance NMR experiments, with an emphasis on 19F- and 1H-based distance experiments. Representative applications of these long-distance NMR methods to biological macromolecules as well as small molecules are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander A Shcherbakov
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 170 Albany Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - João Medeiros-Silva
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 170 Albany Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Nhi Tran
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 170 Albany Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Martin D Gelenter
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 170 Albany Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Mei Hong
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 170 Albany Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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Potnuru LR, Duong NT, Sasank B, Raran-Kurussi S, Nishiyama Y, Agarwal V. Selective 1H- 1H recoupling via symmetry sequences in fully protonated samples at fast magic angle spinning. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2021; 328:107004. [PMID: 34049237 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2021.107004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Proton-detected solid-state NMR at fast Magic Angle Spinning (MAS) is becoming the norm to characterize molecules. Routinely 1H-1H and 1H-X dipolar couplings are used to characterize the structure and dynamics of molecules. Selective proton recoupling techniques are emerging as a method for structural characterization via estimation of qualitative and quantitative distances. In the present study, we demonstrate through numerical simulations and experiments that the well-characterized CNvn sequences can also be tailored for selective recoupling of proton spins by employing C elements of the type (β)Φ(4β)Φ+π(3β)Φ. Herein, several CNvn sequences were examined through numerical simulations and experiments. C614 recoupling sequence with a modified POST-element ((β)Φ(4β)Φ+π(3β)Φ) shows selective polarization transfer efficiencies on the order of 40-50% between various proton spin pairs in fully protonated samples at rf amplitudes ranging from 0.3 to 0.8 times the MAS frequency. These selective recoupling sequences have been labeled as frequency-selective-CNvn sequences. The extent of selectivity, polarization transfer efficiency and the feasibility of experimentally measuring proton-proton distances in fully protonated samples are explored here. The development of efficient and robust selective 1H-1H recoupling experiments is required to structurally characterize molecules without artificial isotope enrichment or the need for diffracting crystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lokeswara Rao Potnuru
- TIFR Centre for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Hyderabad, Sy. No. 36/P, Gopanpally, Ranga Reddy District, Hyderabad 500 107, India
| | - Nghia Tuan Duong
- Nano-Crystallography Unit, RIKEN-JEOL Collaboration Center, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Budaraju Sasank
- TIFR Centre for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Hyderabad, Sy. No. 36/P, Gopanpally, Ranga Reddy District, Hyderabad 500 107, India; Department of Physical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Sector 81, Mohali 140306, India
| | - Sreejith Raran-Kurussi
- TIFR Centre for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Hyderabad, Sy. No. 36/P, Gopanpally, Ranga Reddy District, Hyderabad 500 107, India
| | - Yusuke Nishiyama
- Nano-Crystallography Unit, RIKEN-JEOL Collaboration Center, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan; JEOL RESONANCE Inc., Musashino, Akishima, Tokyo 196-8558, Japan.
| | - Vipin Agarwal
- TIFR Centre for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Hyderabad, Sy. No. 36/P, Gopanpally, Ranga Reddy District, Hyderabad 500 107, India.
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Nimerovsky E, Xue K, Movellan K, Andreas L. Heteronuclear and homonuclear radio-frequency-driven recoupling. MAGNETIC RESONANCE (GOTTINGEN, GERMANY) 2021; 2:343-353. [PMID: 37904771 PMCID: PMC10539778 DOI: 10.5194/mr-2-343-2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/01/2023]
Abstract
The radio-frequency-driven recoupling (RFDR) pulse sequence is used in magic-angle spinning (MAS) NMR to recouple homonuclear dipolar interactions. Here we show simultaneous recoupling of both the heteronuclear and homonuclear dipolar interactions by applying RFDR pulses on two channels. We demonstrate the method, called HETeronuclear RFDR (HET-RFDR), on microcrystalline SH3 samples at 10 and 55.555 kHz MAS. Numerical simulations of both HET-RFDR and standard RFDR sequences allow for better understanding of the influence of offsets and paths of magnetization transfers for both HET-RFDR and RFDR experiments, as well as the crucial role of XY phase cycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeny Nimerovsky
- Department of NMR-based Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute for
Biophysical Chemistry, Am Fassberg 11, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Kai Xue
- Department of NMR-based Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute for
Biophysical Chemistry, Am Fassberg 11, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Kumar Tekwani Movellan
- Department of NMR-based Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute for
Biophysical Chemistry, Am Fassberg 11, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Loren B. Andreas
- Department of NMR-based Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute for
Biophysical Chemistry, Am Fassberg 11, Göttingen, Germany
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Xiao H, Zhang Z, Zhao Y, Yang J. Spectral editing of alanine, serine, and threonine in uniformly labeled proteins based on frequency-selective homonuclear recoupling in solid-state NMR. JOURNAL OF BIOMOLECULAR NMR 2021; 75:193-202. [PMID: 33890210 DOI: 10.1007/s10858-021-00367-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Spectral editing is crucial to simplify the crowded solid-state NMR spectra of proteins. New techniques are introduced to edit 13C-13C correlations of uniformly labeled proteins under moderate magic-angle spinning (MAS), based on our recent frequency-selective homonuclear recoupling sequences [Zhang et al., J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2020, 11, 8077-8083]. The signals of alanine, serine, or threonine residues are selected out by selective 13Cα-13Cβ double-quantum filtering (DQF). The 13Cα-13Cβ correlations of alanine residues are selectively established with efficiency up to ~ 1.8 times that by dipolar-assisted rotational resonance (DARR). The techniques are shown in 2D/3D NCCX experiments and applied to the uniformly 13C, 15N labeled Aquaporin Z (AqpZ) membrane protein, demonstrating their potential to simplify spectral analyses in biological solid-state NMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Zhengfeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, P. R. China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China.
| | - Yongxiang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, P. R. China
| | - Jun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, P. R. China.
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China.
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Solid-State NMR for Studying the Structure and Dynamics of Viral Assemblies. Viruses 2020; 12:v12101069. [PMID: 32987909 PMCID: PMC7599928 DOI: 10.3390/v12101069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Structural virology reveals the architecture underlying infection. While notably electron microscopy images have provided an atomic view on viruses which profoundly changed our understanding of these assemblies incapable of independent life, spectroscopic techniques like NMR enter the field with their strengths in detailed conformational analysis and investigation of dynamic behavior. Typically, the large assemblies represented by viral particles fall in the regime of biological high-resolution solid-state NMR, able to follow with high sensitivity the path of the viral proteins through their interactions and maturation steps during the viral life cycle. We here trace the way from first solid-state NMR investigations to the state-of-the-art approaches currently developing, including applications focused on HIV, HBV, HCV and influenza, and an outlook to the possibilities opening in the coming years.
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