1
|
Yang H, Ji G, Choi M, Park S, An H, Lee HT, Jeong J, Park YD, Kim K, Park N, Jeong J, Kim DS, Park HR. Suppressed terahertz dynamics of water confined in nanometer gaps. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadm7315. [PMID: 38657066 PMCID: PMC11042745 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adm7315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Nanoconfined waters exhibit low static permittivity mainly due to interfacial effects that span about one nanometer. The characteristic length scale may be much longer in the terahertz (THz) regime where long-range collective dynamics occur; however, the THz dynamics have been largely unexplored because of the lack of a robust platform. Here, we use metallic loop nanogaps to sharply enhance light-matter interactions and precisely measure real and imaginary THz refractive indices of nanoconfined water at gap widths ranging from 2 to 20 nanometers, spanning mostly interfacial waters all the way to quasi-bulk waters. We find that, in addition to the well-known interfacial effect, the confinement effect also contributes substantially to the decrease in the complex refractive indices of the nanoconfined water by cutting off low-energy vibrational modes, even at gap widths as large as 10 nanometers. Our findings provide valuable insights into the collective dynamics of water molecules which is crucial to understanding water-mediated processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyosim Yang
- Department of Physics, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Gangseon Ji
- Department of Physics, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Seondo Park
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeonjun An
- Department of Physics, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoung-Taek Lee
- Department of Physics, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Joonwoo Jeong
- Department of Physics, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Daniel Park
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungwan Kim
- Department of Physics, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Noejung Park
- Department of Physics, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeeyoon Jeong
- Department of Physics and Institute for Quantum Convergence Technology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Dai-Sik Kim
- Department of Physics, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeong-Ryeol Park
- Department of Physics, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Varshini GV, Parthasarathi S, Rao DSS, Prasad SK. Anisotropic sol-gel transition: the influence of sample thickness, pressure and strain. SOFT MATTER 2022; 18:8792-8803. [PMID: 36354055 DOI: 10.1039/d2sm01169g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate an unprecedented influence of sample thickness (d) and pressure (P) on the gelation of a liquid crystalline nematic host. The temperature at which the anisotropic nematic sol transforms into a nematic gel is weakly dependent on 'd' down to its certain value, but surprisingly exhibits a precipitous drop below about 30 μm thickness. Temperature-dependent laser transmission exhibits characteristics of approach to a tricritical point, when d is varied. While the strain dependence of storage and loss moduli exhibit Payne effect/weak strain overshoot, the magnitudes of the moduli and their thermal variation present explicit dependence on d, both behaviours being well described by power-law expressions. Studies at elevated pressures also corroborate the observations of d-dependence with the nematic sol thermal range increasing with P, suggesting reduced favour for network formation. We strongly believe that these experiments pave a new pathway to realize the formation of gel fibres.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G V Varshini
- Centre for Nano and Soft Matter Sciences, Shivanapura, Bangalore 562162, India.
- Physics Department, Mangalore University, Mangalagangotri, India
| | | | - D S Shankar Rao
- Centre for Nano and Soft Matter Sciences, Shivanapura, Bangalore 562162, India.
| | - S Krishna Prasad
- Centre for Nano and Soft Matter Sciences, Shivanapura, Bangalore 562162, India.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kume E, Martin N, Dunne P, Baroni P, Noirez L. Collective Effects in Ionic Liquid [emim][Tf2N] and Ionic Paramagnetic Nitrate Solutions without Long-Range Structuring. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27227829. [PMID: 36431929 PMCID: PMC9699087 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27227829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesoscopic shear elasticity has been revealed in ordinary liquids both experimentally by reinforcing the liquid/surface interfacial energy and theoretically by nonextensive models. The elastic effects are here examined in the frame of small molecules with strong electrostatic interactions such as room temperature ionic liquids [emim][Tf2N] and nitrate solutions exhibiting paramagnetic properties. We first show that these charged fluids also exhibit a nonzero low-frequency shear elasticity at the submillimeter scale, highlighting their resistance to shear stress. A neutron scattering study completes the dynamic mechanical analysis of the paramagnetic nitrate solution, evidencing that the magnetic properties do not induce the formation of a structure in the solution. We conclude that the elastic correlations contained in liquids usually considered as viscous away from any phase transition contribute in an effective way to collective effects under external stress whether mechanical or magnetic fields.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eni Kume
- Laboratoire Léon Brillouin (CEA-CNRS), Université Paris-Saclay, CEDEX, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Nicolas Martin
- Laboratoire Léon Brillouin (CEA-CNRS), Université Paris-Saclay, CEDEX, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Peter Dunne
- Institut de Physique et de Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg, CNRS-UMR7504, 23 rue du Loess, CEDEX 2 BP 43, 67034 Strasbourg, France
| | - Patrick Baroni
- Laboratoire Léon Brillouin (CEA-CNRS), Université Paris-Saclay, CEDEX, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Laurence Noirez
- Laboratoire Léon Brillouin (CEA-CNRS), Université Paris-Saclay, CEDEX, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Baggioli M, Landry M, Zaccone A. Deformations, relaxation, and broken symmetries in liquids, solids, and glasses: A unified topological field theory. Phys Rev E 2022; 105:024602. [PMID: 35291146 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.105.024602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We combine hydrodynamic and field theoretic methods to develop a general theory of phonons as Goldstone bosons in crystals, glasses, and liquids based on nonaffine displacements and the consequent Goldstone phase relaxation. We relate the conservation, or lack thereof, of specific higher-form currents with properties of the underlying deformation field-nonaffinity-which dictates how molecules move under an applied stress or deformation. In particular, the single-valuedness of the deformation field is associated with conservation of higher-form charges that count the number of topological defects. Our formalism predicts, from first principles, the presence of propagating shear waves above a critical wave vector in liquids, thus giving a formal derivation of the phenomenon in terms of fundamental symmetries. The same picture provides also a theoretical explanation of the corresponding "positive sound dispersion" phenomenon for longitudinal sound. Importantly, accordingly to our theory, the main collective relaxation timescale of a liquid or a glass (known as the α relaxation for the latter) is given by the phase relaxation time, which is not necessarily related to the Maxwell time. Finally, we build a nonequilibrium effective action using the in-in formalism defined on the Schwinger-Keldysh contour, that further supports the emerging picture. In summary, our work suggests that the fundamental difference between solids, fluids, and glasses has to be identified with the associated generalized higher-form global symmetries and their topological structure, and that the Burgers vector for the displacement fields serves as a suitable topological order parameter distinguishing the solid (ordered) phase and the amorphous ones (fluids, glasses).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Baggioli
- Wilczek Quantum Center, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Sciences, Shanghai 201315, China
| | - Michael Landry
- Department of Physics, Center for Theoretical Physics, Columbia University, 538 West 120th Street, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - Alessio Zaccone
- Department of Physics "A. Pontremoli," University of Milan, via Celoria 16, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J. J. Thomson Avenue, CB30HE Cambridge, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Affiliation(s)
- Guido Raos
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “G. Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, Via L. Mancinelli 7, I-20131 Milano, Italy
| | - Bruno Zappone
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche - Istituto di Nanotecnologia (CNR-Nanotec), Via P. Bucci, 33/C, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Windberger U, Baroni P, Noirez L. Capillary-size flow of human blood plasma: Revealing hidden elasticity and scale dependence. J Biomed Mater Res A 2021; 110:298-303. [PMID: 34351058 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The dynamical mechanical analysis of blood generally uses models inspired by conventional flows, assuming scale-independent homogeneous flows and without considering fluid-surface boundary interactions. The present experimental study highlights the relevance of using an approach in line with physiological reality providing a strong interaction between the fluid and the boundary interface. New dynamic properties of human blood plasma are found: a finite shear elastic response (solid-like property) is identified in nearly static conditions, which also depends on the scale (being reinforced at small scales). The elastic behavior is confirmed by the induction, without heat transfer, of local hot and cold thermodynamic states evidencing a thermo-mechanical coupling in blood plasma so far known only in elastic materials. This finding opens new routes for medical diagnosis and device fabrication.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ursula Windberger
- Center for Biomedical Research, Decentralized Biomedical Facilities, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Patrick Baroni
- Laboratoire Léon Brillouin (CEA-CNRS), University of Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Laurence Noirez
- Laboratoire Léon Brillouin (CEA-CNRS), University of Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Kume E, Noirez L. Identification of Thermal Response of Mesoscopic Liquids under Mechanical Excitation: From Harmonic to Nonharmonic Thermal Wave. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:8652-8658. [PMID: 34296613 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c04362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In the conventional picture, the temperature of a liquid bath in the quiescent state is uniform down to thermal fluctuation length scales. Here we examine the impact of a low-frequency shear mechanical field (hertz) on the thermal equilibrium of polypropylene glycol and liquid water away from any phase transition confined between high-energy surfaces. We show the emergence of both cooling and heating shear waves of several tens of micrometers widths varying synchronously with the applied shear strain wave. The thermal wave is stable at low strain amplitude and low frequency while thermal harmonics develop by increasing the frequency or the strain amplitude. The liquid layer behaves as a dynamic thermoelastic medium challenging the extension of the fluctuation-dissipation theorem to nonequilibrium fluids. This view is in agreement with recent theoretical models predicting that liquids support shear elastic waves up to a finite propagation length scale of the order the thermal wave.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eni Kume
- Laboratoire Léon Brillouin (CEA-CNRS), Univ. Paris-Saclay, 91191 Cedex Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Laurence Noirez
- Laboratoire Léon Brillouin (CEA-CNRS), Univ. Paris-Saclay, 91191 Cedex Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kume E, Baroni P, Noirez L. Highlighting Thermo-Elastic Effects in Confined Fluids. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:2378. [PMID: 34301137 PMCID: PMC8309621 DOI: 10.3390/polym13142378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The recent identification of a finite shear elasticity in mesoscopic fluids has motivated the search of other solid-like properties of liquids. We present an innovative thermal approach of liquids. We identify a dynamic thermo-elastic mesoscopic behavior by building the thermal image produced by different liquids upon applying a low frequency mechanical shear field. We selected three fluids: a low molecular weight polybutylacrylate (PBuA), polypropyleneglycol (PPG), and glycerol. We demonstrate that a part of the energy of the shear strain is converted in cold and hot shear bands varying synchronously with the applied shear field. This thermodynamic change suggests a coupling to shear elastic modes in agreement with the low frequency shear elasticity theoretically foreseen and experimentally demonstrated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Laurence Noirez
- Laboratoire Léon Brillouin (CEA-CNRS), Université Paris-Saclay, CEA-Saclay, CEDEX, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France; (E.K.); (P.B.)
| |
Collapse
|