1
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Nantogma S, de Maissin H, Adelabu I, Abdurraheem A, Nelson C, Chukanov NV, Salnikov OG, Koptyug IV, Lehmkuhl S, Schmidt AB, Appelt S, Theis T, Chekmenev EY. Carbon-13 Radiofrequency Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation of the Hyperpolarized Ketone and Hemiketal Forms of Allyl [1- 13C]Pyruvate. ACS Sens 2024; 9:770-780. [PMID: 38198709 PMCID: PMC10922715 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.3c02075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
13C hyperpolarized pyruvate is an emerging MRI contrast agent for sensing molecular events in cancer and other diseases with aberrant metabolic pathways. This metabolic contrast agent can be produced via several hyperpolarization techniques. Despite remarkable success in research settings, widespread clinical adoption faces substantial roadblocks because the current sensing technology utilized to sense this contrast agent requires the excitation of 13C nuclear spins that also need to be synchronized with MRI field gradient pulses. Here, we demonstrate sensing of hyperpolarized allyl [1-13C]pyruvate via the stimulated emission of radiation that mitigates the requirements currently blocking broader adoption. Specifically, 13C Radiofrequency Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation (13C RASER) was obtained after pairwise addition of parahydrogen to a pyruvate precursor, detected in a commercial inductive detector with a quality factor (Q) of 32 for sample concentrations as low as 0.125 M with 13C polarization of 4%. Moreover, parahydrogen-induced polarization allowed for the preparation of a mixture of ketone and hemiketal forms of hyperpolarized allyl [1-13C]pyruvate, which are separated by 10 ppm in 13C NMR spectra. This is a good model system to study the simultaneous 13C RASER signals of multiple 13C species. This system models the metabolic production of hyperpolarized [1-13C]lactate from hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate, which has a similar chemical shift difference. Our results show that 13C RASER signals can be obtained from both species simultaneously when the emission threshold is exceeded for both species. On the other hand, when the emission threshold is exceeded only for one of the hyperpolarized species, 13C stimulated emission is confined to this species only, therefore enabling the background-free detection of individual hyperpolarized 13C signals. The reported results pave the way to novel sensing approaches of 13C hyperpolarized pyruvate, potentially unlocking hyperpolarized 13C MRI on virtually any MRI system─an attractive vision for the future molecular imaging and diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiraz Nantogma
- Department of Chemistry, Integrative Bio-Sciences (IBIO), Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Henri de Maissin
- Division of Medical Physics, Department of Radiology, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg 79106, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Killianstr. 5a, Freiburg 79106, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Freiburg and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Isaiah Adelabu
- Department of Chemistry, Integrative Bio-Sciences (IBIO), Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Abubakar Abdurraheem
- Department of Chemistry, Integrative Bio-Sciences (IBIO), Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Christopher Nelson
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | | | - Oleg G Salnikov
- International Tomography Center SB RAS, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Igor V Koptyug
- International Tomography Center SB RAS, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Boreskov Institute of Catalysis SB RAS, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Sören Lehmkuhl
- Institute of Microstructure Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Karlsruhe 76344, Germany
| | - Andreas B Schmidt
- Department of Chemistry, Integrative Bio-Sciences (IBIO), Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
- Division of Medical Physics, Department of Radiology, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg 79106, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Killianstr. 5a, Freiburg 79106, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Freiburg and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Stephan Appelt
- Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen 52056, Germany
- Central Institute for Engineering, Electronics and Analytics - Electronic Systems (ZEA-2), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich D-52425, Germany
| | - Thomas Theis
- Department of Physics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, United States
- Joint UNC & NC State Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, United States
| | - Eduard Y Chekmenev
- Department of Chemistry, Integrative Bio-Sciences (IBIO), Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
- Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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2
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Hope MA, Zhang Y, Venkatesh A, Emsley L. Dynamic nuclear polarisation of 1H in Gd-doped In(OH) 3. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2023; 353:107509. [PMID: 37331306 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2023.107509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Dynamic nuclear polarisation (DNP) of solids doped with high-spin metal ions, such as Gd3+, is a useful strategy to enhance the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) sensitivity for these samples. Spin diffusion can relay polarisation throughout a sample, which is most effective for dense 1H networks, while the efficiency of DNP using Gd3+ depends on the symmetry of the metal site. Here, we investigate cubic In(OH)3 as a high-symmetry, proton-containing material for endogenous Gd DNP. A 1H enhancement of up to 9 is demonstrated and harnessed to measure the 17O spectrum at natural abundance. The enhancement is interpreted in terms of clustering of the Gd3+ dopants and the local reduction in symmetry of the metal site induced by proton disorder, as demonstrated by quadrupolar 115In NMR. This is the first example of 1H DNP using Gd3+ dopants in an inorganic solid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Hope
- Institut des Sciences et Ingenierie Chimiques, École Polytechnique Fedérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Yuxuan Zhang
- Institut des Sciences et Ingenierie Chimiques, École Polytechnique Fedérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Amrit Venkatesh
- Institut des Sciences et Ingenierie Chimiques, École Polytechnique Fedérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Lyndon Emsley
- Institut des Sciences et Ingenierie Chimiques, École Polytechnique Fedérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
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3
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Schmidt AB, Adelabu I, Nelson C, Nantogma S, Kiselev VG, Zaitsev M, Abdurraheem A, de Maissin H, Rosen MS, Lehmkuhl S, Appelt S, Theis T, Chekmenev EY. 13C Radiofrequency Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation Threshold Sensing of Chemical Reactions. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:11121-11129. [PMID: 37172079 PMCID: PMC10257364 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c00776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Conventional nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) enables detection of chemicals and their transformations by exciting nuclear spin ensembles with a radio-frequency pulse followed by detection of the precessing spins at their characteristic frequencies. The detected frequencies report on chemical reactions in real time and the signal amplitudes scale with concentrations of products and reactants. Here, we employ Radiofrequency Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation (RASER), a quantum phenomenon producing coherent emission of 13C signals, to detect chemical transformations. The 13C signals are emitted by the negatively hyperpolarized biomolecules without external radio frequency pulses and without any background signal from other, nonhyperpolarized spins in the ensemble. Here, we studied the hydrolysis of hyperpolarized ethyl-[1-13C]acetate to hyperpolarized [1-13C]acetate, which was analyzed as a model system by conventional NMR and 13C RASER. The chemical transformation of 13C RASER-active species leads to complete and abrupt disappearance of reactant signals and delayed, abrupt reappearance of a frequency-shifted RASER signal without destroying 13C polarization. The experimentally observed "quantum" RASER threshold is supported by simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas B. Schmidt
- Department of Chemistry, Integrative Bio-sciences (Ibio), Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
- Division of Medical Physics, Department of Radiology, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Killianstr. 5a, Freiburg 79106, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Freiburg and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Isaiah Adelabu
- Department of Chemistry, Integrative Bio-sciences (Ibio), Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Christopher Nelson
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Shiraz Nantogma
- Department of Chemistry, Integrative Bio-sciences (Ibio), Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Valerij G. Kiselev
- Division of Medical Physics, Department of Radiology, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Killianstr. 5a, Freiburg 79106, Germany
| | - Maxim Zaitsev
- Division of Medical Physics, Department of Radiology, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Killianstr. 5a, Freiburg 79106, Germany
| | - Abubakar Abdurraheem
- Department of Chemistry, Integrative Bio-sciences (Ibio), Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Henri de Maissin
- Division of Medical Physics, Department of Radiology, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Killianstr. 5a, Freiburg 79106, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Freiburg and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Matthew S. Rosen
- Massachusetts General Hospital, A. A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Boston, MA 02129, United States
- Department of Physics, Harvard University; Cambridge, MA 02138, United States
| | - Sören Lehmkuhl
- Institute of Microstructure Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology; 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Stephan Appelt
- Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University; 52056 Aachen, Germany
- Central Institute for Engineering, Electronics and Analytics – Electronic Systems (ZEA-2), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, D-52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Thomas Theis
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
- Department of Physics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, United States
- Joint UNC & NC State Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, United States
| | - Eduard Y. Chekmenev
- Department of Chemistry, Integrative Bio-sciences (Ibio), Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
- Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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Nelson C, Schmidt AB, Adelabu I, Nantogma S, Kiselev VG, Abdurraheem A, de Maissin H, Lehmkuhl S, Appelt S, Theis T, Chekmenev EY. Parahydrogen-Induced Carbon-13 Radiofrequency Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202215678. [PMID: 36437237 PMCID: PMC9889133 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202215678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The feasibility of Carbon-13 Radiofrequency (RF) Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation (C-13 RASER) is demonstrated on a bolus of liquid hyperpolarized ethyl [1-13 C]acetate. Hyperpolarized ethyl [1-13 C]acetate was prepared via pairwise addition of parahydrogen to vinyl [1-13 C]acetate and polarization transfer from nascent parahydrogen-derived protons to the carbon-13 nucleus via magnetic field cycling yielding C-13 nuclear spin polarization of approximately 6 %. RASER signals were detected from samples with concentration ranging from 0.12 to 1 M concentration using a non-cryogenic 1.4T NMR spectrometer equipped with a radio-frequency detection coil with a quality factor (Q) of 32 without any modifications. C-13 RASER signals were observed for several minutes on a single bolus of hyperpolarized substrate to achieve 21 mHz NMR linewidths. The feasibility of creating long-lasting C-13 RASER on biomolecular carriers opens a wide range of new opportunities for the rapidly expanding field of C-13 magnetic resonance hyperpolarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Nelson
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, 27695-8204, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Andreas B Schmidt
- Division of Medical Physics, Department of Radiology, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Killianstr. 5a, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Freiburg and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, Integrative Biosciences (Ibio), Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Wayne State University, 48202, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Isaiah Adelabu
- Department of Chemistry, Integrative Biosciences (Ibio), Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Wayne State University, 48202, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Shiraz Nantogma
- Department of Chemistry, Integrative Biosciences (Ibio), Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Wayne State University, 48202, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Valerij G Kiselev
- Division of Medical Physics, Department of Radiology, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Killianstr. 5a, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Freiburg and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Abubakar Abdurraheem
- Department of Chemistry, Integrative Biosciences (Ibio), Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Wayne State University, 48202, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Henri de Maissin
- Division of Medical Physics, Department of Radiology, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Killianstr. 5a, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Freiburg and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sören Lehmkuhl
- Institute of Microstructure Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, 76344, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Stephan Appelt
- Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, 52056, Aachen, Germany
- Central Institute for Engineering, Electronics and Analytics-, Electronic Systems (ZEA-2), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Thomas Theis
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, 27695-8204, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Eduard Y Chekmenev
- Department of Chemistry, Integrative Biosciences (Ibio), Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Wayne State University, 48202, Detroit, MI, USA
- Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS), 14 Leninskiy Prospekt, 119991, Moscow, Russia
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5
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Salnikov OG, Trofimov IA, Pravdivtsev AN, Them K, Hövener JB, Chekmenev EY, Koptyug IV. Through-Space Multinuclear Magnetic Resonance Signal Enhancement Induced by Parahydrogen and Radiofrequency Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation. Anal Chem 2022; 94:15010-15017. [PMID: 36264746 PMCID: PMC10007960 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c02929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Hyperpolarized (i.e., polarized far beyond the thermal equilibrium) nuclear spins can result in the radiofrequency amplification by stimulated emission of radiation (RASER) effect. Here, we show the utility of RASER to amplify nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) signals of solute and solvent molecules in the liquid state. Specifically, parahydrogen-induced RASER was used to spontaneously enhance nuclear spin polarization of protons and heteronuclei (here 19F and 31P) in a wide range of molecules. The magnitude of the effect correlates with the T1 relaxation time of the target nuclear spins. A series of control experiments validate the through-space dipolar mechanism of the RASER-assisted polarization transfer between the parahydrogen-polarized compound and to-be-hyperpolarized nuclei of the target molecule. Frequency-selective saturation of the RASER-active resonances was used to control the RASER and the amplitude of spontaneous polarization transfer. Spin dynamics simulations support our experimental RASER studies. The enhanced NMR sensitivity may benefit various NMR applications such as mixture analysis, metabolomics, and structure determination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleg G. Salnikov
- International Tomography Center SB RAS, 3A Institutskaya St., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Boreskov Institute of Catalysis SB RAS, 5 Acad. Lavrentiev Pr., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Ivan A. Trofimov
- International Tomography Center SB RAS, 3A Institutskaya St., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova St., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Andrey N. Pravdivtsev
- Section Biomedical Imaging, Molecular Imaging North Competence Center (MOIN CC), Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein and Kiel University, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Kolja Them
- Section Biomedical Imaging, Molecular Imaging North Competence Center (MOIN CC), Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein and Kiel University, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Jan-Bernd Hövener
- Section Biomedical Imaging, Molecular Imaging North Competence Center (MOIN CC), Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein and Kiel University, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Eduard Y. Chekmenev
- Department of Chemistry, Integrative Biosciences (Ibio), Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
- Russian Academy of Sciences, 14 Leninskiy Pr., 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Igor V. Koptyug
- International Tomography Center SB RAS, 3A Institutskaya St., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
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6
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Lehmkuhl S, Fleischer S, Lohmann L, Rosen MS, Chekmenev EY, Adams A, Theis T, Appelt S. RASER MRI: Magnetic resonance images formed spontaneously exploiting cooperative nonlinear interaction. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabp8483. [PMID: 35857519 PMCID: PMC9278855 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abp8483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The spatial resolution of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is limited by the width of Lorentzian point spread functions associated with the transverse relaxation rate 1/T2*. Here, we show a different contrast mechanism in MRI by establishing RASER (radio-frequency amplification by stimulated emission of radiation) in imaged media. RASER imaging bursts emerge out of noise and without applying radio-frequency pulses when placing spins with sufficient population inversion in a weak magnetic field gradient. Small local differences in initial population inversion density can create stronger image contrast than conventional MRI. This different contrast mechanism is based on the cooperative nonlinear interaction between all slices. On the other hand, the cooperative nonlinear interaction gives rise to imaging artifacts, such as amplitude distortions and side lobes outside of the imaging domain. Contrast mechanism and artifacts are explored experimentally and predicted by simulations on the basis of a proposed RASER MRI theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sören Lehmkuhl
- Institute of Microstructure Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
| | - Simon Fleischer
- Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Lars Lohmann
- Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Matthew S. Rosen
- Massachusetts General Hospital, A. A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Boston, MA 02129, USA
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Eduard Y. Chekmenev
- Department of Chemistry, Integrative Biosciences (IBio), Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
- Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskiy Prospekt 14, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Alina Adams
- Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Thomas Theis
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
- Department of Physics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Stephan Appelt
- Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany
- Central Institute for Engineering, Electronics and Analytics – Electronic Systems (ZEA-2), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, D-52425 Jülich, Germany
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7
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Rao Y, Palumbo CT, Venkatesh A, Keener M, Stevanato G, Chauvin AS, Menzildjian G, Kuzin S, Yulikov M, Jeschke G, Lesage A, Mazzanti M, Emsley L. Design Principles for the Development of Gd(III) Polarizing Agents for Magic Angle Spinning Dynamic Nuclear Polarization. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2022; 126:11310-11317. [PMID: 35865791 PMCID: PMC9289950 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.2c01721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear magnetic resonance suffers from an intrinsically low sensitivity, which can be overcome by dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP). Gd(III) complexes are attractive exogenous polarizing agents for magic angle spinning (MAS) DNP due to their high chemical stability in contrast to nitroxide-based radicals. However, even the state-of-the-art Gd(III) complexes have so far provided relatively low DNP signal enhancements of ca. 36 in comparison to standard DNP biradicals, which show enhancements of over 200. Here, we report a series of new Gd(III) complexes for DNP and show that the observed DNP enhancements of the new and existing Gd(III) complexes are inversely proportional to the square of the zero-field splitting (ZFS) parameter D, which is in turn determined by the ligand-type and the local coordination environment. The experimental DNP enhancements at 9.4 T and the ZFS parameters measured with pulsed electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy agree with the above model, paving the way for the development of more efficient Gd(III) polarizing agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Rao
- Laboratory
of Magnetic Resonance, Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie
Chimiques, École Polytechnique Fédérale
de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Chad T. Palumbo
- Group
of Coordination Chemistry, Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie
Chimiques, École Polytechnique Fédérale
de Lausanne (EPFL, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Amrit Venkatesh
- Laboratory
of Magnetic Resonance, Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie
Chimiques, École Polytechnique Fédérale
de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Megan Keener
- Group
of Coordination Chemistry, Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie
Chimiques, École Polytechnique Fédérale
de Lausanne (EPFL, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Gabriele Stevanato
- Laboratory
of Magnetic Resonance, Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie
Chimiques, École Polytechnique Fédérale
de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Anne-Sophie Chauvin
- Group
of Coordination Chemistry, Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie
Chimiques, École Polytechnique Fédérale
de Lausanne (EPFL, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Georges Menzildjian
- Laboratory
of Magnetic Resonance, Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie
Chimiques, École Polytechnique Fédérale
de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sergei Kuzin
- Laboratory
of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Maxim Yulikov
- Laboratory
of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Gunnar Jeschke
- Laboratory
of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Anne Lesage
- Centre
de RMN à Très Hauts Champs, Université de Lyon (CNRS/ENS Lyon/UCB Lyon 1), 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Marinella Mazzanti
- Group
of Coordination Chemistry, Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie
Chimiques, École Polytechnique Fédérale
de Lausanne (EPFL, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Lyndon Emsley
- Laboratory
of Magnetic Resonance, Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie
Chimiques, École Polytechnique Fédérale
de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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8
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Joalland B, Theis T, Appelt S, Chekmenev EY. Background‐Free Proton NMR Spectroscopy with Radiofrequency Amplification by Stimulated Emission Radiation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202108939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Baptiste Joalland
- Department of Chemistry, Integrative Biosciences (Ibio) Wayne State University Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI) 5101 Cass Ave Detroit MI 48202 USA
| | - Thomas Theis
- Department of Chemistry North Carolina State University Raleigh North Carolina 27695-8204 USA
| | - Stephan Appelt
- Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie (ITMC) RWTH Aachen University 52056 Aachen Germany
- Central Institute for Engineering Electronics and Analytics—Electronic Systems (ZEA 2) Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH 52425 Jülich Germany
| | - Eduard Y. Chekmenev
- Department of Chemistry, Integrative Biosciences (Ibio) Wayne State University Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI) 5101 Cass Ave Detroit MI 48202 USA
- Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskiy Prospect 14, 119991 Moscow Russia
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9
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Joalland B, Theis T, Appelt S, Chekmenev EY. Background-Free Proton NMR Spectroscopy with Radiofrequency Amplification by Stimulated Emission Radiation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:26298-26302. [PMID: 34459080 PMCID: PMC8629966 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202108939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
We report on the utility of Radiofrequency Amplification by Stimulated Emission Radiation (RASER) for background-free proton detection of hyperpolarized biomolecules. We performed hyperpolarization of ≈0.3 M ethyl acetate via pairwise parahydrogen addition to vinyl acetate. A proton NMR signal with signal-to-noise ratio exceeding 100 000 was detected without radio-frequency excitation at the clinically relevant magnetic field of 1.4 T using a standard (non-cryogenic) inductive detector with quality factor of Q=68. No proton background signal was observed from protonated solvent (methanol) or other added co-solvents such as ethanol, water or bovine serum. Moreover, we demonstrate RASER detection without radio-frequency excitation of a bolus of hyperpolarized contrast agent in biological fluid. Completely background-free proton detection of hyperpolarized contrast agents in biological media paves the way to new applications in the areas of high-resolution NMR spectroscopy and in vivo spectroscopy and imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baptiste Joalland
- Department of Chemistry, Integrative Biosciences (Ibio), Wayne State University, Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), 5101 Cass Ave, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Thomas Theis
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, 27695-8204, USA
| | - Stephan Appelt
- Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie (ITMC), RWTH Aachen University, 52056, Aachen, Germany
- Central Institute for Engineering, Electronics and Analytics-Electronic Systems (ZEA 2), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Eduard Y Chekmenev
- Department of Chemistry, Integrative Biosciences (Ibio), Wayne State University, Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), 5101 Cass Ave, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
- Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskiy Prospect, 14, 119991, Moscow, Russia
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10
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Mentink-Vigier F. Numerical recipes for faster MAS-DNP simulations. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2021; 333:107106. [PMID: 34837803 PMCID: PMC8639796 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2021.107106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Numerical simulations of Magic Angle Spinning Dynamic Nuclear Polarization (MAS-DNP) have transformed the way the DNP process is understood in rotating samples. In 2012, two methods were concomitantly developed to simulate small spin systems (< 4 spin-1/2). The development of new polarizing agents, including those containing metal centers with S > 1/2, makes it necessary to further expand the numerical tools with minimal approximations that will help rationalize the experimental observations and build approximate models. In this paper, three strategies developed in the past five years are presented: an adaptive integration scheme, a hybrid Hilbert/Liouville formalism, and a method to truncate the Liouville space basis for periodic Hamiltonian. Each of these methods enable time savings ranging from a factor of 3 to > 100. We illustrate the code performance by reporting for the first time the MAS-DNP field profiles for "AMUPol", in which the couplings to the nitrogen nuclei are explicitly considered, as well as Cross-Effect MAS-DNP field profiles with two electrons spin 5/2 interacting with a nuclear spin 1/2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederic Mentink-Vigier
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, 1800 E. Paul Dirac Dr, FL 32310, USA.
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11
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Elliott SJ, Stern Q, Ceillier M, El Daraï T, Cousin SF, Cala O, Jannin S. Practical dissolution dynamic nuclear polarization. PROGRESS IN NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY 2021; 126-127:59-100. [PMID: 34852925 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnmrs.2021.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This review article intends to provide insightful advice for dissolution-dynamic nuclear polarization in the form of a practical handbook. The goal is to aid research groups to effectively perform such experiments in their own laboratories. Previous review articles on this subject have covered a large number of useful topics including instrumentation, experimentation, theory, etc. The topics to be addressed here will include tips for sample preparation and for checking sample health; a checklist to correctly diagnose system faults and perform general maintenance; the necessary mechanical requirements regarding sample dissolution; and aids for accurate, fast and reliable polarization quantification. Herein, the challenges and limitations of each stage of a typical dissolution-dynamic nuclear polarization experiment are presented, with the focus being on how to quickly and simply overcome some of the limitations often encountered in the laboratory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart J Elliott
- Centre de Résonance Magnétique Nucléaire à Très Hauts Champs - UMR 5082 Université de Lyon, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, ENS de Lyon, 5 Rue de la Doua, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Quentin Stern
- Centre de Résonance Magnétique Nucléaire à Très Hauts Champs - UMR 5082 Université de Lyon, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, ENS de Lyon, 5 Rue de la Doua, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Morgan Ceillier
- Centre de Résonance Magnétique Nucléaire à Très Hauts Champs - UMR 5082 Université de Lyon, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, ENS de Lyon, 5 Rue de la Doua, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Théo El Daraï
- Centre de Résonance Magnétique Nucléaire à Très Hauts Champs - UMR 5082 Université de Lyon, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, ENS de Lyon, 5 Rue de la Doua, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Samuel F Cousin
- Centre de Résonance Magnétique Nucléaire à Très Hauts Champs - UMR 5082 Université de Lyon, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, ENS de Lyon, 5 Rue de la Doua, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Olivier Cala
- Centre de Résonance Magnétique Nucléaire à Très Hauts Champs - UMR 5082 Université de Lyon, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, ENS de Lyon, 5 Rue de la Doua, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Sami Jannin
- Centre de Résonance Magnétique Nucléaire à Très Hauts Champs - UMR 5082 Université de Lyon, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, ENS de Lyon, 5 Rue de la Doua, 69100 Villeurbanne, France.
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12
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Korchak S, Kaltschnee L, Dervisoglu R, Andreas L, Griesinger C, Glöggler S. Spontaneous Enhancement of Magnetic Resonance Signals Using a RASER. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:20984-20990. [PMID: 34289241 PMCID: PMC8518078 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202108306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear magnetic resonance is usually drastically limited by its intrinsically low sensitivity: Only a few spins contribute to the overall signal. To overcome this limitation, hyperpolarization methods were developed that increase signals several times beyond the normal/thermally polarized signals. The ideal case would be a universal approach that can signal enhance the complete sample of interest in solution to increase detection sensitivity. Here, we introduce a combination of para-hydrogen enhanced magnetic resonance with the phenomenon of the RASER: Large signals of para-hydrogen enhanced molecules interact with the magnetic resonance coil in a way that the signal is spontaneously converted into an in-phase signal. These molecules directly interact with other compounds via dipolar couplings and enhance their signal. We demonstrate that this is not only possible for solvent molecules but also for an amino acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey Korchak
- NMR Signal Enhancement GroupMax Planck Institute for Biophysical ChemistryAm Fassberg 1137077GöttingenGermany
- Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration of UMGVon-Siebold-Str. 3A37075GöttingenGermany
| | - Lukas Kaltschnee
- NMR Signal Enhancement GroupMax Planck Institute for Biophysical ChemistryAm Fassberg 1137077GöttingenGermany
- Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration of UMGVon-Siebold-Str. 3A37075GöttingenGermany
| | - Riza Dervisoglu
- Research Group for Solid State NMRMax Planck Institute for Biophysical ChemistryAm Fassberg 1137077GöttingenGermany
| | - Loren Andreas
- Research Group for Solid State NMRMax Planck Institute for Biophysical ChemistryAm Fassberg 1137077GöttingenGermany
| | - Christian Griesinger
- Department of NMR-based Structural BiologyMax Planck Institute for Biophysical ChemistryAm Fassberg 1137077GöttingenGermany
| | - Stefan Glöggler
- NMR Signal Enhancement GroupMax Planck Institute for Biophysical ChemistryAm Fassberg 1137077GöttingenGermany
- Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration of UMGVon-Siebold-Str. 3A37075GöttingenGermany
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13
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Korchak S, Kaltschnee L, Dervisoglu R, Andreas L, Griesinger C, Glöggler S. Spontaneous Enhancement of Magnetic Resonance Signals Using a RASER. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202108306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sergey Korchak
- NMR Signal Enhancement Group Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry Am Fassberg 11 37077 Göttingen Germany
- Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration of UMG Von-Siebold-Str. 3A 37075 Göttingen Germany
| | - Lukas Kaltschnee
- NMR Signal Enhancement Group Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry Am Fassberg 11 37077 Göttingen Germany
- Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration of UMG Von-Siebold-Str. 3A 37075 Göttingen Germany
| | - Riza Dervisoglu
- Research Group for Solid State NMR Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry Am Fassberg 11 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Loren Andreas
- Research Group for Solid State NMR Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry Am Fassberg 11 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Christian Griesinger
- Department of NMR-based Structural Biology Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry Am Fassberg 11 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Stefan Glöggler
- NMR Signal Enhancement Group Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry Am Fassberg 11 37077 Göttingen Germany
- Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration of UMG Von-Siebold-Str. 3A 37075 Göttingen Germany
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