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Chen L, Liu B, Markwell C, Liu J, He XD, Ghassemlooy Z, Torun H, Fu YQ, Yuan J, Liu Q, Farrell G, Wu Q. A nanonewton force sensor using a U-shape tapered microfiber interferometer. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadk8357. [PMID: 38809971 PMCID: PMC11135392 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adk8357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Nanomechanical measurements, especially the detection of weak contact forces, play a vital role in many fields, such as material science, micromanipulation, and mechanobiology. However, it remains a challenging task to realize the measurement of ultraweak force levels as low as nanonewtons with a simple sensing configuration. In this work, an ultrasensitive all-fiber nanonewton force sensor structure based on a single-mode-tapered U-shape multimode-single-mode fiber probe is proposed and experimentally demonstrated with a limit of detection of ~5.4 nanonewtons. The use of the sensor is demonstrated by force measurement on a human hair sample to determine the spring constant of the hair. The results agree well with measurements using an atomic force microscope for the spring constant of the hair. Compared with other force sensors based on optical fiber in the literature, the proposed all-fiber force sensor provides a substantial advancement in the minimum detectable force possible, with the advantages of a simple configuration, ease of fabrication, and low cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, China
- Key Laboratory of Opto-Electronic Information Science and Technology of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China
- Optical Communications Research Group, Faculty of Engineering and Environment, Northumbria University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 8ST, UK
| | - Bin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Opto-Electronic Information Science and Technology of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China
| | - Christopher Markwell
- Optical Communications Research Group, Faculty of Engineering and Environment, Northumbria University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 8ST, UK
| | - Juan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Opto-Electronic Information Science and Technology of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China
| | - Xing-Dao He
- Key Laboratory of Opto-Electronic Information Science and Technology of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China
| | - Zabih Ghassemlooy
- Optical Communications Research Group, Faculty of Engineering and Environment, Northumbria University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 8ST, UK
| | - Hamdi Torun
- Optical Communications Research Group, Faculty of Engineering and Environment, Northumbria University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 8ST, UK
| | - Yong-Qing Fu
- Optical Communications Research Group, Faculty of Engineering and Environment, Northumbria University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 8ST, UK
| | - Jinhui Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- School of Control Engineering, Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Gerald Farrell
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, City Campus, Technological University Dublin, Dublin D07 ADY7, Ireland
| | - Qiang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, China
- Key Laboratory of Opto-Electronic Information Science and Technology of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China
- Optical Communications Research Group, Faculty of Engineering and Environment, Northumbria University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 8ST, UK
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Li D, Wang H, Manica R, Zhang Z, Zhang H, Liu Q. Quantifying Contributions of Different Repulsion to Film Drainage Time during the Bubble-Solid Surface Attachment and Implications for the Flotation of Fine Particles. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:10281-10292. [PMID: 38687814 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.4c00839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
The flotation recovery of fine particles faces serious challenges due to the lack of kinetic energy required for supporting their radial displacement and attachment with bubbles. Generally, the hydrodynamic resistance and repulsive disjoining pressure successively inhibit the liquid outflow intervening between the bubble and solid surfaces. To quantitatively characterize the influence of the main repulsion on film thinning time, experiments have been designed in three different aqueous systems. Bubble surface mobility closely associated with hydrodynamic resistance was determined by the rising bubble technique, and the DLVO theory was employed to confirm the evolution of electrostatic repulsion. The film drainage process was then measured based on the high-speed microscopic interferometry. Furthermore, the influence of the main repulsion on bubble-solid surface interactions was examined by flotation recovery. Results show that the earlier buildup of hydrodynamic force ran through the whole film thinning process, and under immobile conditions, the central region gradually became dominant in film thinning due to the very limited fluid flow at the thinnest rim position. Therefore, to achieve the identical film thickness (∼100 nm), the large hydrodynamic resistance could prolong the film thinning time by about 1 order of magnitude, compared with that induced by electrostatic repulsion, which accounts for the increased flotation recovery by 10% using mobile bubbles. This study not only enhances the understanding of how typical repulsive forces work in film drainage dynamics but also opens up an avenue for enhancing flotation and avoiding wasting resources by modulating bubble surface mobility and thus micro/nanoscale fluid flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danlong Li
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, China University of Mining and Technology, 221116 Xuzhou, China
- Future Technology School, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China
| | - Hainan Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, China University of Mining and Technology, 221116 Xuzhou, China
| | - Rogerio Manica
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Zhaokun Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, China University of Mining and Technology, 221116 Xuzhou, China
| | - Haijun Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, China University of Mining and Technology, 221116 Xuzhou, China
| | - Qingxia Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, China University of Mining and Technology, 221116 Xuzhou, China
- Future Technology School, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada
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Wang Z, Xiang Y, Wang D, Xu L, Xing Y, Gao Z, Sun W, Xie L. Facet-Dependent Charge Density of Serpentine: Nanoscopic Implications for Aggregation and Entrainment of Fine Particles. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:19027-19036. [PMID: 38088916 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c03227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
Deciphering the facet-dependent surface properties of clay minerals holds vital significance in both fundamental research and practical engineering applications. To date, the anisotropic local charge density of serpentine surfaces still remains elusive, and thus, the interaction energies and associated aggregate structures between different crystal planes of serpentine cannot be quantitatively determined. In this work, different crystal planes of serpentine (i.e., SiO basal, MgOH basal, and edge) were selectively exposed, and their surface potentials and charge densities were determined using atomic force microscopy (AFM) force measurements coupled with Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek (DLVO) theory fitting. The SiO and edge planes consistently exhibited a permanently negative surface charge, whereas the point of zero charge (PZC) on the MgOH plane was estimated to be pH 9.0-11.0. Based on the interaction energy calculation between different serpentine planes, the aggregation structures of serpentine were predicted. Combined with scanning electron microscopy observation of freeze-dried samples, SiO-MgOH and MgOH-edge associations were found to dominate the aggregate structures at pH ≤ 9.0, thereby resulting in a stacking or "card-houses" structures. In contrast, all of the plane associations exhibited the repulsive interaction energy at pH 11.0, which led to a completely dispersed system, ultimately causing the most severe fine particle entrainment during froth flotation. Our work provides quantitative clarification of facet-dependent surface properties and aggregate structures of serpentine under different pH conditions, which will help improve the fundamental understanding of colloidal behaviors of clay minerals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhoujie Wang
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Nonferrous Metal Resources Clean Utilization, Kunming 650093, P. R. China
| | - Yan Xiang
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Nonferrous Metal Resources Clean Utilization, Kunming 650093, P. R. China
| | - Donghui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Resource Recycle Ministry of Education, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, Sichuan 621010, P. R. China
| | - Longhua Xu
- Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Resource Recycle Ministry of Education, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, Sichuan 621010, P. R. China
| | - Yaowen Xing
- Chinese National Engineering Research Center of Coal Preparation and Purification, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221116, P. R. China
| | - Zhiyong Gao
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
| | - Wei Sun
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
| | - Lei Xie
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Nonferrous Metal Resources Clean Utilization, Kunming 650093, P. R. China
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Guo W, Chang J, Wang S, Liu Q, Zhang H. Probing the Interaction of Calcium and Magnesium Ions on Scheelite Surface by Atomic Force Microscopy. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2023.131200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
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Cao D, Song Y, Tang B, Xu L. Advances in Atomic Force Microscopy: Imaging of Two- and Three-Dimensional Interfacial Water. Front Chem 2021; 9:745446. [PMID: 34631666 PMCID: PMC8493245 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.745446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Interfacial water is closely related to many core scientific and technological issues, covering a broad range of fields, such as material science, geochemistry, electrochemistry and biology. The understanding of the structure and dynamics of interfacial water is the basis of dealing with a series of issues in science and technology. In recent years, atomic force microscopy (AFM) with ultrahigh resolution has become a very powerful option for the understanding of the complex structural and dynamic properties of interfacial water on solid surfaces. In this perspective, we provide an overview of the application of AFM in the study of two dimensional (2D) or three dimensional (3D) interfacial water, and present the prospect and challenges of the AFM-related techniques in experiments and simulations, in order to gain a better understanding of the physicochemical properties of interfacial water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duanyun Cao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Yizhi Song
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - BinZe Tang
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Limei Xu
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing, China
- Interdisciplinary Institute of Light-Element Quantum Materials and Research Center for Light-Element Advanced Materials, Peking University, Beijing, China
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Shoaib M, Bobicki ER. Rheological implications of pH induced particle-particle association in aqueous suspension of an anisotropic charged clay. SOFT MATTER 2021; 17:7822-7834. [PMID: 34312640 DOI: 10.1039/d1sm00702e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Kaolinite particles are geometrically anisometric and electrostatically anisotropic. Until recently, the charge of both basal faces of kaolinite was assumed to be independent of pH, and the isoelectric point (IEP) of the edge surface was thought to occur at pH 4-6. Therefore, kaolinite suspensions were expected to have an edge-face association at low pH. However, recent atomic force microscopy (AFM) studies have shown that the kaolinite alumina basal face and edge surface carry a pH-dependent surface charge with an IEP at pH 5-6 and ∼ 3, respectively. Here, we revisit the modes of particle association in kaolinite suspensions and apply Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek (DLVO) theory to study the rheological implications of surface charges of various kaolinite faces from recent AFM-based studies. Specifically, aging within the linear viscoelastic region, small amplitude oscillatory shear behavior (strain amplitude and frequency response), and critical stress behavior were studied as a function of pH. Kaolinite suspensions (40 wt%) exhibited two-step structure recovery after shear rejuvenation and two-step yielding at pH less than the IEP of the alumina basal face. In addition, the storage modulus (G') and critical stress required to stabilize the flow followed non-monotonic behavior as a function of pH. At low pH, the silica face-alumina face mode of association was expected to be dominant rather than the edge-face microstructure. A peak in the G'vs. pH curve at pH 4.5-5 was correlated with the silica face-alumina face attraction estimated from DLVO theory, which passes through a maximum at approximately the same pH. Based on these observations, we propose a qualitative state diagram for kaolinite suspensions in the pH-concentration space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Shoaib
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 3E5, Ontario, Canada. mailto:
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