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Xie L, Yang H, Yang Y, Chen Z, Li H, Li Z, Liu D. Multiphoton emission of single CdZnSe/ZnS quantum dots coupled with plasmonic Au nanoparticles. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:5607-5614. [PMID: 38285471 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp03599a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
The fluorescence blinking and low multiphoton emission of quantum dots (QDs) have limited their application in lasing, light-emitting diodes, and so on. Coupling of single QDs to plasmonic nanostructures is an effective approach to control the photon properties. Here plasmon-exciton systems including Au nanoparticles and CdZnSe/ZnS QDs were investigated at the single particle level. With the modulation of the local electromagnetic field, the fluorescence intensity of single QDs is increased, accompanied by a significant suppression in blinking behavior, and the lifetime is shortened from 15 ns to 2 ns. Moreover, the second-order photon intensity correlation at zero lag time g2(0) of coupled single QDs is larger than 0.5, indicating an increased probability of multiphoton emission. The enhancement factors of radiative and nonradiative decay rates of QDs coupled with Au nanoparticles are calculated. The sharply increased radiative decay rate can be comparable to the nonradiative Auger rate, leading to dominated multiple exciton radiative recombination with PL intensity enhancement, suppressed blinking, lifetime shortening, and multiphoton emission. The results of the exciton decay dynamics and emission properties of single QDs in this work are helpful in exploring the mechanism of plasmon-exciton interaction and optoelectronic application of single QDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luogang Xie
- School of Electronics and Information, Henan Key Laboratory of Magnetoelectronic Information Functional Materials, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Henan 450002, China.
| | - Hongjun Yang
- School of Electronics and Information, Henan Key Laboratory of Magnetoelectronic Information Functional Materials, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Henan 450002, China.
| | - Yang Yang
- School of Electronics and Information, Henan Key Laboratory of Magnetoelectronic Information Functional Materials, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Henan 450002, China.
| | - Ziyang Chen
- School of Electronics and Information, Henan Key Laboratory of Magnetoelectronic Information Functional Materials, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Henan 450002, China.
| | - Hangtian Li
- School of Electronics and Information, Henan Key Laboratory of Magnetoelectronic Information Functional Materials, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Henan 450002, China.
| | - Zijiong Li
- School of Electronics and Information, Henan Key Laboratory of Magnetoelectronic Information Functional Materials, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Henan 450002, China.
| | - Dewei Liu
- School of Electronics and Information, Henan Key Laboratory of Magnetoelectronic Information Functional Materials, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Henan 450002, China.
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2
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Wang Z, Tang J, Han J, Xia J, Ma T, Chen XW. Bright Nonblinking Photoluminescence with Blinking Lifetime from a Nanocavity-Coupled Quantum Dot. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:1761-1768. [PMID: 38261791 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c04661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Colloidal quantum dots (QDs) are excellent luminescent nanomaterials for many optoelectronic applications. However, photoluminescence blinking has limited their practical use. Coupling QDs to plasmonic nanostructures shows potential in suppressing blinking. However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear and debated, hampering the development of bright nonblinking dots. Here, by deterministically coupling a QD to a plasmonic nanocavity, we clarify the mechanism and demonstrate unprecedented single-QD brightness. In particular, we report for the first time that a blinking QD could obtain nonblinking photoluminescence with a blinking lifetime through coupling to the nanocavity. We show that the plasmon-enhanced radiative decay outcompetes the nonradiative Auger process, enabling similar quantum yields for charged and neutral excitons in the same dot. Meanwhile, we demonstrate a record photon detection rate of 17 MHz from a colloidal QD, indicating an experimental photon generation rate of more than 500 MHz. These findings pave the way for ultrabright nonblinking QDs, benefiting diverse QD-based applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Wang
- School of Physics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering and Hubei Key Laboratory of Gravitation and Quantum Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
| | - Jianwei Tang
- School of Physics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering and Hubei Key Laboratory of Gravitation and Quantum Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
- Wuhan Institute of Quantum Technology, Wuhan 430206, P. R. China
| | - Jiahao Han
- School of Physics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering and Hubei Key Laboratory of Gravitation and Quantum Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
| | - Juan Xia
- School of Physics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering and Hubei Key Laboratory of Gravitation and Quantum Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
| | - Tianzi Ma
- School of Physics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering and Hubei Key Laboratory of Gravitation and Quantum Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
| | - Xue-Wen Chen
- School of Physics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering and Hubei Key Laboratory of Gravitation and Quantum Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
- Wuhan Institute of Quantum Technology, Wuhan 430206, P. R. China
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3
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Ghosh S, Ross U, Chizhik AM, Kuo Y, Jeong BG, Bae WK, Park K, Li J, Oron D, Weiss S, Enderlein J, Chizhik AI. Excitation Intensity-Dependent Quantum Yield of Semiconductor Nanocrystals. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:2702-2707. [PMID: 36892266 PMCID: PMC10026174 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c00143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
One of the key phenomena that determine the fluorescence of nanocrystals is the nonradiative Auger-Meitner recombination of excitons. This nonradiative rate affects the nanocrystals' fluorescence intensity, excited state lifetime, and quantum yield. Whereas most of the above properties can be directly measured, the quantum yield is the most difficult to assess. Here we place semiconductor nanocrystals inside a tunable plasmonic nanocavity with subwavelength spacing and modulate their radiative de-excitation rate by changing the cavity size. This allows us to determine absolute values of their fluorescence quantum yield under specific excitation conditions. Moreover, as expected considering the enhanced Auger-Meitner rate for higher multiple excited states, increasing the excitation rate reduces the quantum yield of the nanocrystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhabrata Ghosh
- Third Institute
of Physics − Biophysics, Georg August
University Göttingen, Friedrich-Hund Platz 1, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ulrich Ross
- IV. Physical
Institute - Solids and Nanostructures, Georg
August University Göttingen, Friedrich-Hund Platz 1, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Anna M. Chizhik
- Third Institute
of Physics − Biophysics, Georg August
University Göttingen, Friedrich-Hund Platz 1, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Yung Kuo
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Byeong Guk Jeong
- School of
Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Pusan
National University, Busan 46241, Republic
of Korea
| | - Wan Ki Bae
- SKKU Advanced
Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan
University, Suwon 16419, Republic
of Korea
| | - Kyoungwon Park
- Korea Electronics
Technology Institute, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 13509, Republic of Korea
| | - Jack Li
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Dan Oron
- Department
of Molecular Chemistry and Materials Science, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Shimon Weiss
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- California
NanoSystems Institute, University of California
Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Department
of Physiology, University of California
Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Department
of Physics, Institute for Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900, Israel
| | - Jörg Enderlein
- Third Institute
of Physics − Biophysics, Georg August
University Göttingen, Friedrich-Hund Platz 1, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
- Cluster
of Excellence “Multiscale Bioimaging: from Molecular Machines
to Networks of Excitable Cells,” (MBExC), Georg August University of Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Alexey I. Chizhik
- Third Institute
of Physics − Biophysics, Georg August
University Göttingen, Friedrich-Hund Platz 1, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
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Yang Y, Dev A, Sychugov I, Hägglund C, Zhang SL. Plasmon-Enhanced Fluorescence of Single Quantum Dots Immobilized in Optically Coupled Aluminum Nanoholes. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:2339-2346. [PMID: 36847590 PMCID: PMC10009806 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c00468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescence-based optical sensing techniques have continually been explored for single-molecule detection targeting myriad biomedical applications. Improving signal-to-noise ratio remains a prioritized effort to enable unambiguous detection at single-molecule level. Here, we report a systematic simulation-assisted optimization of plasmon-enhanced fluorescence of single quantum dots based on nanohole arrays in ultrathin aluminum films. The simulation is first calibrated by referring to the measured transmittance in nanohole arrays and subsequently used for guiding their design. With an optimized combination of nanohole diameter and depth, the variation of the square of simulated average volumetric electric field enhancement agrees excellently with that of experimental photoluminescence enhancement over a large range of nanohole periods. A maximum 5-fold photoluminescence enhancement is statistically achieved experimentally for the single quantum dots immobilized at the bottom of simulation-optimized nanoholes in comparison to those cast-deposited on bare glass substrate. Hence, boosting photoluminescence with optimized nanohole arrays holds promises for single-fluorophore-based biosensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yupeng Yang
- Division
of Solid-State Electronics, Department of Electrical Engineering,
The Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala
University, SE-751 03 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Apurba Dev
- Division
of Solid-State Electronics, Department of Electrical Engineering,
The Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala
University, SE-751 03 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ilya Sychugov
- Division
of Photonics, Department of Applied Physics, School of Engineering
Sciences, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Carl Hägglund
- Division
of Solar Cell Technology, Department of Materials Science and Engineering,
The Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala
University, SE-751 03 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Shi-Li Zhang
- Division
of Solid-State Electronics, Department of Electrical Engineering,
The Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala
University, SE-751 03 Uppsala, Sweden
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Optical Dynamics of Copper-Doped Cadmium Sulfide (CdS) and Zinc Sulfide (ZnS) Quantum-Dots Core/Shell Nanocrystals. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12132277. [PMID: 35808112 PMCID: PMC9268264 DOI: 10.3390/nano12132277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Recently, quantum-dot-based core/shell structures have gained significance due to their optical, optoelectronic, and magnetic attributes. Controlling the fluorescence lifetime of QDs shells is imperative for various applications, including light-emitting diodes and single-photon sources. In this work, novel Cu-doped CdS/ZnS shell structures were developed to enhance the photoluminescence properties. The objective was to materialize the Cu-doped CdS/ZnS shells by the adaptation of a two-stage high-temperature doping technique. The developed nanostructures were examined with relevant characterization techniques such as transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and ultraviolet–visible (UV–vis) emission/absorption spectroscopy. Studying fluorescence, we witnessed a sharp emission peak at a wavelength of 440 nm and another emission peak at a wavelength of 620 nm, related to the fabricated Cu-doped CdS/ZnS core/shell QDs. Our experimental results revealed that Cu-doped ZnS shells adopted the crystal structure of CdS due to its larger bandgap. Consequently, this minimized lattice mismatch and offered better passivation to any surface defects, resulting in increased photoluminescence. Our developed core/shells are highly appropriate for the development of efficient light-emitting diodes.
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Messina TC, Srijanto BR, Collier CP, Kravchenko II, Richards CI. Gold Ion Beam Milled Gold Zero-Mode Waveguides. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:1755. [PMID: 35630978 PMCID: PMC9147361 DOI: 10.3390/nano12101755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Zero-mode waveguides (ZMWs) are widely used in single molecule fluorescence microscopy for their enhancement of emitted light and the ability to study samples at physiological concentrations. ZMWs are typically produced using photo or electron beam lithography. We report a new method of ZMW production using focused ion beam (FIB) milling with gold ions. We demonstrate that ion-milled gold ZMWs with 200 nm apertures exhibit similar plasmon-enhanced fluorescence seen with ZMWs fabricated with traditional techniques such as electron beam lithography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Troy C. Messina
- Department of Physics, Berea College, 101 Chestnut Street, Berea, KY 40404, USA
| | - Bernadeta R. Srijanto
- Center for Nanophase Materials Science, Oak Ridge National Labs, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA; (B.R.S.); (C.P.C.); (I.I.K.)
| | - Charles Patrick Collier
- Center for Nanophase Materials Science, Oak Ridge National Labs, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA; (B.R.S.); (C.P.C.); (I.I.K.)
| | - Ivan I. Kravchenko
- Center for Nanophase Materials Science, Oak Ridge National Labs, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA; (B.R.S.); (C.P.C.); (I.I.K.)
| | - Christopher I. Richards
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, 209 Chemistry-Physics Building, Lexington, KY 40202, USA;
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Iizuka R, Yamazaki H, Uemura S. Zero-mode waveguides and nanopore-based sequencing technologies accelerate single-molecule studies. Biophys Physicobiol 2022; 19:e190032. [DOI: 10.2142/biophysico.bppb-v19.0032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Iizuka
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo
| | - Hirohito Yamazaki
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo
| | - Sotaro Uemura
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo
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Jiang Q, Roy P, Claude JB, Wenger J. Single Photon Source from a Nanoantenna-Trapped Single Quantum Dot. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:7030-7036. [PMID: 34398613 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c02449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Single photon sources with high brightness and subnanosecond lifetimes are key components for quantum technologies. Optical nanoantennas can enhance the emission properties of single quantum emitters, but this approach requires accurate nanoscale positioning of the source at the plasmonic hotspot. Here, we use plasmonic nanoantennas to simultaneously trap single colloidal quantum dots and enhance their photoluminescence. The nano-optical trapping automatically locates the quantum emitter at the nanoantenna hotspot without further processing. Our dedicated nanoantenna design achieves a high trap stiffness of 0.6 (fN/nm)/mW for quantum dot trapping, together with a relatively low trapping power of 2 mW/μm2. The emission from the nanoantenna-trapped single quantum dot shows 7× increased brightness, 50× reduced blinking, 2× shortened lifetime, and a clear antibunching below 0.5 demonstrating true single photon emission. Combining nano-optical tweezers with plasmonic enhancement is a promising route for quantum technologies and spectroscopy of single nano-objects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanbo Jiang
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, Institut Fresnel, AMUTech, 13013 Marseille, France
| | - Prithu Roy
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, Institut Fresnel, AMUTech, 13013 Marseille, France
| | - Jean-Benoît Claude
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, Institut Fresnel, AMUTech, 13013 Marseille, France
| | - Jérôme Wenger
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, Institut Fresnel, AMUTech, 13013 Marseille, France
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