1
|
Chen P, Li S, Xu Z, Cabral H. Nanoassemblies of heptamethine cyanine dye-initiated poly(amino acid) enhance ROS generation for effective antitumour phototherapy. NANOSCALE HORIZONS 2024; 9:731-741. [PMID: 38505973 DOI: 10.1039/d3nh00584d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Phototherapy shows great potential for pinpoint tumour treatment. Heptamethine cyanine dyes like IR783 have high potential as agents for antitumour phototherapy due to their inherent tumour targeting ability, though their effectiveness in vivo is unsatisfactory for clinical translation. To overcome this limitation, we present an innovative strategy involving IR783-based polymeric nanoassemblies that improve the dye's performance as an antitumoural photosensitizer. In the formulation, IR783 is modified with cysteamine and used to initiate the ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of the N-carboxyanhydride of benzyl-L-aspartate (BLA), resulting in IR783-installed poly(BLA). Compared to free IR783, the IR783 dye in the polymer adopts a twisted molecular conformation and tuned electron orbital distribution, remarkably enhancing its optical properties. In aqueous environments, the polymers spontaneously assemble into nanostructures with 60 nm diameter, showcasing surface-exposed IR783 dyes that function as ligands for cancer cell and mitochondria targeting. Moreover, the nanoassemblies stabilized the dyes and enhanced the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) upon laser irradiation. Thus, in murine tumor models, a single injection of the nanoassemblies with laser irradiation significantly inhibits tumour growth with no detectable off-target toxicity. These findings highlight the potential for improving the performance of heptamethine cyanine dyes in antitumor phototherapy through nano-enabled strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pengwen Chen
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan.
| | - Shangwei Li
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan.
| | - Zhining Xu
- Polymer Chemistry and Physics Research Group, HUN-REN Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, H-1117, Hungary
- Faculty of Science, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, H-1117, Hungary
| | - Horacio Cabral
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Fan F, Povedailo VA, Lysenko IL, Seviarynchyk TP, Sharko OL, Mazunin IO, Shmanai VV. Fluorescent Properties of Cyanine Dyes As a Matter of the Environment. J Fluoresc 2024; 34:925-933. [PMID: 37421567 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-023-03321-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
In non-viscous aqueous solutions, the cyanine fluorescent dyes Cy3 and Cy5 have rather low fluorescence efficiency (the fluorescence quantum yields of Cy3 and Cy5 are 0.04 and 0.3, respectively [1, 2]) and short excited state lifetimes due to their structural features. In this work, we investigated the effect of solubility and rotational degrees of freedom on the fluorescence efficiency of Cy3 and Cy5 in several ways. We compared the fluorescence efficiencies of two cyanine dyes sCy3 and sCy5 with the introduction of a sulfonyl substituent in the aromatic ring as well as covalently bound to T10 oligonucleotides. The results show that because of the different lengths of the polymethine chains between the aromatic rings of the dyes, cis-trans-isomerization has a much greater effect on the Cy3 molecule than on the Cy5 molecule, while the effect of aggregation is also significant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fan Fan
- Institute of Physical Organic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, 13 Surganova str., 220072, Minsk, Belarus
| | - Vladimir A Povedailo
- B.I. Stepanov Institute of Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, 68 Nezavisimost' Ave., 220072, Minsk, Belarus
| | - Ivan L Lysenko
- Institute of Physical Organic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, 13 Surganova str., 220072, Minsk, Belarus
| | - Tatsiana P Seviarynchyk
- Institute of Physical Organic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, 13 Surganova str., 220072, Minsk, Belarus
| | - Olga L Sharko
- Institute of Physical Organic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, 13 Surganova str., 220072, Minsk, Belarus
| | - Ilya O Mazunin
- Center for Molecular and Cellular Biology, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vadim V Shmanai
- Institute of Physical Organic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, 13 Surganova str., 220072, Minsk, Belarus.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Liao Z, Zhou Q, Gao B. AIEgens-Doped Photonic Crystals for High Sensitivity Fluorescence Detection of Tumor Markers. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:bios13020276. [PMID: 36832042 PMCID: PMC9953774 DOI: 10.3390/bios13020276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Detection of tumor markers is of great significance to preliminarily judge whether patients have malignant tumors. Fluorescence detection (FD) is an effective means to achieve sensitive detection of tumor markers. Currently, the increased sensitivity of FD has attracted research interest worldwide. Here, we have proposed a method of doping luminogens with aggregation-induced emission (AIEgens) into photonic crystals (PCs), which can significantly enhance the fluorescence intensity to achieve high sensitivity in the detection of tumor markers. PCs are made by scraping and self-assembling, which has the special effect of fluorescence enhancement. The combination of AIEgens and PCs can enhance the fluorescence intensity 4-7 times. These characteristics make it extremely sensitive. The limit of detection (LOD) for the detection of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) in the AIE10 (Tetraphenyl ethylene-Br) doped PCs with a reflection peak of 520 nm is 0.0377 ng/mL. LOD for the detection of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in the AIE25 (Tetraphenyl ethylene-NH2) doped PCs with a reflection peak of 590 nm is 0.0337 ng/mL. Our concept offers a good solution for highly sensitive detection of tumor markers.
Collapse
|
4
|
Blanchard AT, Li Z, Duran EC, Scull CE, Hoff JD, Wright KR, Pan V, Walter NG. Ultra-photostable DNA FluoroCubes: Mechanism of Photostability and Compatibility with FRET and Dark Quenching. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:6235-6244. [PMID: 35881934 PMCID: PMC10080265 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c01757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
DNA-based FluoroCubes were recently developed as a solution to photobleaching, a ubiquitous limitation of fluorescence microscopy (Niekamp; ; Stuurman; ; Vale Nature Methods, 2020). FluoroCubes, that is, compact ∼4 × 4 × 5.4 nm3 four-helix bundles coupled to ≤6 fluorescent dyes, remain fluorescent up to ∼50× longer than single dyes and emit up to ∼40× as many photons. The current work answers two important questions about the FluoroCubes. First, what is the mechanism by which photostability is enhanced? Second, are FluoroCubes compatible with Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) and similar techniques? We use single particle photobleaching studies to show that photostability arises through interactions between the fluorophores and the four-helix DNA bundle. Supporting this, we discover that smaller ∼4 × 4 × 2.7 nm3 FluoroCubes also confer ultraphotostability. However, we find that certain dye-dye interactions negatively impact FluoroCube performance. Accordingly, 4-dye FluoroCubes lacking these interactions perform better than 6-dye FluoroCubes. We also demonstrate that FluoroCubes are compatible with FRET and dark quenching applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aaron T. Blanchard
- Single Molecule Analysis Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, United States
- Michigan Society of Fellows, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Zi Li
- Single Molecule Analysis Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, United States
| | - Elizabeth C. Duran
- Single Molecule Analysis Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, United States
| | - Catherine E. Scull
- Single Molecule Analysis Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, United States
| | - J. Damon Hoff
- Single Molecule Analysis in Real-Time (SMART) Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Keenan R. Wright
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, United States
| | - Victor Pan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University and the Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, 30322
| | - Nils G. Walter
- Single Molecule Analysis Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, United States
- Center for RNA Biomedicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, United States
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Hart SM, Wang X, Guo J, Bathe M, Schlau-Cohen GS. Tuning Optical Absorption and Emission Using Strongly Coupled Dimers in Programmable DNA Scaffolds. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:1863-1871. [PMID: 35175058 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c03848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Molecular materials for light harvesting, computing, and fluorescence imaging require nanoscale integration of electronically active subunits. Variation in the optical absorption and emission properties of the subunits has primarily been achieved through modifications to the chemical structure, which is often synthetically challenging. Here, we introduce a facile method for varying optical absorption and emission properties by changing the geometry of a strongly coupled Cy3 dimer on a double-crossover (DX) DNA tile. Leveraging the versatility and programmability of DNA, we tune the length of the complementary strand so that it "pushes" or "pulls" the dimer, inducing dramatic changes in the photophysics including lifetime differences observable at the ensemble and single-molecule level. The separable lifetimes, along with environmental sensitivity also observed in the photophysics, suggest that the Cy3-DX tile constructs could serve as fluorescence probes for multiplexed imaging. More generally, these constructs establish a framework for easily controllable photophysics via geometric changes to coupled chromophores, which could be applied in light-harvesting devices and molecular electronics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie M Hart
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Xiao Wang
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Jiajia Guo
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Mark Bathe
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Gabriela S Schlau-Cohen
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Heussman D, Kittell J, von Hippel PH, Marcus AH. Temperature-dependent local conformations and conformational distributions of cyanine dimer labeled single-stranded-double-stranded DNA junctions by 2D fluorescence spectroscopy. J Chem Phys 2022; 156:045101. [PMID: 35105081 PMCID: PMC9448411 DOI: 10.1063/5.0076261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA replication and the related processes of genome expression require binding, assembly, and function of protein complexes at and near single-stranded (ss)-double-stranded (ds) DNA junctions. These central protein-DNA interactions are likely influenced by thermally induced conformational fluctuations of the DNA scaffold across an unknown distribution of functionally relevant states to provide regulatory proteins access to properly conformed DNA binding sites. Thus, characterizing the nature of conformational fluctuations and the associated structural disorder at ss-dsDNA junctions is critical for understanding the molecular mechanisms of these central biological processes. Here, we describe spectroscopic studies of model ss-dsDNA fork constructs that contain dimers of "internally labeled" cyanine (iCy3) chromophore probes that have been rigidly inserted within the sugar-phosphate backbones of the DNA strands. Our combined analyses of absorbance, circular dichroism, and two-dimensional fluorescence spectroscopy permit us to characterize the local conformational parameters and conformational distributions. We find that the DNA sugar-phosphate backbones undergo abrupt successive changes in their local conformations-initially from a right-handed and ordered DNA state to a disordered splayed-open structure and then to a disordered left-handed conformation-as the dimer probes are moved across the ss-dsDNA junction. Our results suggest that the sugar-phosphate backbones at and near ss-dsDNA junctions adopt specific position-dependent local conformations and exhibit varying extents of conformational disorder that deviate widely from the Watson-Crick structure. We suggest that some of these conformations can function as secondary-structure motifs for interaction with protein complexes that bind to and assemble at these sites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Justin Kittell
- Center for Optical, Molecular and Quantum Science, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, USA
| | - Peter H. von Hippel
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|