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Bonadio A, Sabino FP, Freitas ALM, Felez MR, Dalpian GM, Souza JA. Comparing the Cubic and Tetragonal Phases of MAPbI 3 at Room Temperature. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:7533-7544. [PMID: 37126785 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c00874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Stability and maintenance of the crystal structure are the main drawbacks of the application of organic-inorganic perovskites in photovoltaic devices. The ΔT = 62 K robust shift of the structural phase transition observed here allows us to conduct a comprehensive study at room temperature of the tetragonal versus cubic phase on MAPbI3. The absence of the shift in the cubic transition for all-inorganic CsPbI3 samples confirms the importance of both orientation and dynamics of the organic cations. Our results provide a unique opportunity to evaluate the physical properties of both cubic and tetragonal phases of MAPbI3 at the same temperature, eliminating different phonon effects as possible causes for different properties. Besides higher electrical resistivity, the perovskite cubic phase presents a faster charge carrier lifetime than the tetragonal phase and partial PL quenching, pointing toward increased trap-assisted nonradiative recombination. The light absorption coefficient in the cubic phase is larger than the absorption in the tetragonal phase in the green region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariany Bonadio
- Center for Natural and Human Sciences (CCNH), Federal University of ABC (UFABC), Santo André, São Paulo 09210-580, Brazil
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Fernando P Sabino
- Center for Natural and Human Sciences (CCNH), Federal University of ABC (UFABC), Santo André, São Paulo 09210-580, Brazil
- Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - André L M Freitas
- Center for Natural and Human Sciences (CCNH), Federal University of ABC (UFABC), Santo André, São Paulo 09210-580, Brazil
| | - Marissol R Felez
- Center for Natural and Human Sciences (CCNH), Federal University of ABC (UFABC), Santo André, São Paulo 09210-580, Brazil
| | - Gustavo M Dalpian
- Center for Natural and Human Sciences (CCNH), Federal University of ABC (UFABC), Santo André, São Paulo 09210-580, Brazil
| | - Jose A Souza
- Center for Natural and Human Sciences (CCNH), Federal University of ABC (UFABC), Santo André, São Paulo 09210-580, Brazil
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Zhang B, Sun S, Jia Y, Dai J, Rathnayake DTN, Huang X, Casasent J, Adhikari G, Billy TA, Lu Y, Zeng XC, Guo Y. Simple Visualization of Universal Ferroelastic Domain Walls in Lead Halide Perovskites. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2208336. [PMID: 36493380 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202208336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Domain features and domain walls in lead halide perovskites (LHPs) have attracted broad interest due to their potential impact on optoelectronic properties of this unique class of solution-processable semiconductors. Using nonpolarized light and simple imaging configurations, ferroelastic twin domains and their switchings through multiple consecutive phase transitions are directly visualized. This direct optical contrast originates from finite optical reflections at the wall interface between two compositionally identical, orientationally different, optically anisotropic domains inside the material bulk. The findings show these domain walls serve as internal reflectors and steer energy transport inside halide perovskites optically. First-principles calculations show universal low domain-wall energies and modest energy barriers of domain switching, confirming their prevalent appearance, stable presence, and facile moving observed in the experiments. The generality of ferroelasticity in halide perovskites stems from their soft bonding characteristics. This work shows the feasibility of using LHP twin domain walls as optical guides of internal photoexcitations, capable of nonvolatile on-off switching and tunable positioning endowed by their universal ferroelasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
| | - Shuo Sun
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
| | - Yinglu Jia
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
| | - Jun Dai
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
| | | | - Xi Huang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
| | - Jade Casasent
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
- School of Natural Sciences, St. Edward's University, Austin, TX, 78704, USA
| | - Gopi Adhikari
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
| | - Temban Acha Billy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
| | - Yongfeng Lu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
| | - Xiao Cheng Zeng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Yinsheng Guo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
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Ding X, Jia Y, Gou G. Two-Dimensional Ferroelasticity and Domain-Wall Flexoelectricity in HgX 2 (X = Br or I) Monolayers. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:420-429. [PMID: 36622322 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c03605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Electromechanical phenomena in two-dimensional (2D) materials can be related to sizable electric polarizations and switchable spontaneous ferroelasticity, allowing them to be used as miniaturized electronic and memory devices. Even in a parent centrosymmetric (nonpolar) ferroelastic (FE) material, non-zero polarization can be produced around the FE domain wall, owing to the strain-gradient-induced flexoelectricity. Compared with the negligibly weak flexoelectric effect in bulk compounds, significant electric polarizations can be expected in 2D FE materials that sustain a large elastic strain and a strain gradient. Using first-principles calculations, we predict that spontaneous 2D ferroelasticity and domain-wall flexoelectricity can be simultaneously realized in synthetic HgX2 (X = Br or I) monolayers. The FE phase renders three oriented variants, which form FE domain walls with a large strain gradient and the associated domain-wall flexoelectric polarizations. Our thermodynamic stability analysis and kinetic barrier simulations allow us to manipulate the domain-wall flexoelectricity via applied mechanical stress, thereby enabling future electromechanical applications in nanoelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinkai Ding
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, and State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an710049, China
| | - Yinglu Jia
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Mechanical & Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska─Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska68588, United States
| | - Gaoyang Gou
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, and State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an710049, China
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Suppressing non-radiative recombination in metal halide perovskite solar cells by synergistic effect of ferroelasticity. Nat Commun 2023; 14:256. [PMID: 36650201 PMCID: PMC9845300 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-35837-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The low fraction of non-radiative recombination established the foundation of metal halide perovskite solar cells. However, the origin of low non-radiative recombination in metal halide perovskite materials is still not well-understood. Herein, we find that the non-radiative recombination in twinning-tetragonal phase methylammonium lead halide (MAPbIxCl3-x) is apparently suppressed by applying an electric field, which leads to a remarkable increase of the open-circuit voltage from 1.12 V to 1.26 V. Possible effects of ionic migration and light soaking on the open-circuit voltage enhancement are excluded experimentally by control experiments. Microscopic and macroscopic characterizations reveal an excellent correlation between the ferroelastic lattice deformation and the suppression of non-radiative recombination. The calculation result suggests the existence of lattice polarization in self-stabilizable deformed domain walls, indicating the charge separation that facilitated by lattice polarization is accountable for the suppressed non-radiative recombination. This work provides an understanding of the excellent performance of metal halide perovskite solar cells.
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Ambrosio F, De Angelis F, Goñi AR. The Ferroelectric-Ferroelastic Debate about Metal Halide Perovskites. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:7731-7740. [PMID: 35969174 PMCID: PMC9421894 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c01945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Metal halide perovskites (MHPs) are solution-processed materials with exceptional photoconversion efficiencies that have brought a paradigm shift in photovoltaics. The nature of the peculiar optoelectronic properties underlying such astounding performance is still controversial. The existence of ferroelectricity in MHPs and its alleged impact on photovoltaic activity have fueled an intense debate, in which unanimous consensus is still far from being reached. Here we critically review recent experimental and theoretical results with a two-fold objective: we argue that the occurrence of ferroelectric domains is incompatible with the A-site cation dynamics in MHPs and propose an alternative interpretation of the experiments based on the concept of ferroelasticity. We further underline that ferroic behavior in MHPs would not be relevant at room temperature or higher for the physics of photogenerated charge carriers, since it would be overshadowed by competing effects like polaron formation and ion migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Ambrosio
- Computational
Laboratory for Hybrid/Organic Photovoltaics (CLHYO), Istituto CNR di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche “Giulio Natta”
(CNR-SCITEC), Via Elce
di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
- Department
of Chemistry and Biology “A. Zambelli”, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, Salerno Italy
- Center
for Nano Science and Technology @Polimi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via G. Pascoli 70/3, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Filippo De Angelis
- Computational
Laboratory for Hybrid/Organic Photovoltaics (CLHYO), Istituto CNR di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche “Giulio Natta”
(CNR-SCITEC), Via Elce
di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
- Center
for Nano Science and Technology @Polimi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via G. Pascoli 70/3, 20133 Milano, Italy
- Department
of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia and UdR INSTM of Perugia, via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
- Department
of Natural Sciences & Mathematics, College of Sciences & Human
Studies, Prince Mohammad Bin Fahd University, Al Khobar 31952, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alejandro R. Goñi
- Institut
de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona, ICMAB-CSIC, Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- ICREA, Passeig Lluís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
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