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Xia H, Jiang T, Qi G, Liu T, Zhang W, Zhang Q. Revisiting Pentazole: An Investigation into the Intriguing Molecule Exhibiting Dual Organic and Inorganic Characteristics. Inorg Chem 2024. [PMID: 38973778 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c01050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
Pentazole (cyclo-HN5) is a unique heterocycle categorized as both an organic and inorganic compound. However, attempts to synthesize and characterize cyclo-HN5 have been unsuccessful thus far. In this study, we synthesized a cyclo-HN5 solution and investigated the spectra, structure, aromaticity, acidity, and stability of cyclo-HN5. The lone pair of electrons on the protonated N atom of cyclo-HN5 participates in π-electron delocalization, forming two N═N bonds. Further investigations suggest that cyclo-HN5 exhibits significantly decreased π aromaticity and slightly lower σ aromaticity than cyclo-N5-. Experimental results suggest that pure cyclo-HN5 is unstable at ambient temperatures and pressures, but it can be isolated at high pressures or stabilized in solution by abundant hydrogen bonds. The pKa of cyclo-HN5 was determined as 1.63 (H2O, 25 °C) via potentiometric titration, indicating that cyclo-HN5 is a medium-strong acid. This study reveals the fundamental structure and properties of cyclo-HN5, thereby providing important data for advancing cyclo-HN5 chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honglei Xia
- Institute of Chemical Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621999, China
| | - Tianyu Jiang
- Institute of Chemical Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621999, China
| | - Guangyu Qi
- Institute of Chemical Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621999, China
| | - Tianlin Liu
- Institute of Chemical Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621999, China
| | - Wenquan Zhang
- Institute of Chemical Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621999, China
| | - Qinghua Zhang
- Institute of Chemical Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621999, China
- School of Astronautics, Northwestern Polytechnic University, Xi'an 710072, China
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2
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Wang YY, Liu S, Lu SC, Li Y, Yao Z. Nitrogen-rich Ce-N compounds under high pressure. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:9601-9607. [PMID: 38465792 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp04369j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Four high-pressure N-rich compounds (Pmn21-CeN7, Amm2-CeN9, P1̄-CeN10, and P1̄-II-CeN10) are proposed using first-principles calculations. Novel polymeric units (a heart shaped layered structure, chain-like N8 rings, and two new banded structures) in four cerium nitrides are reported for the first time in this study. The analyses of electronic structures and bonding properties show that the charge transfer between Ce and N atoms promotes the formation of the Ce-N ionic bond and N-N covalent bond, which play an important role in stabilizing the nitrogen skeleton. Four new phases possess high energy densities (3.24-3.86 kJ g-1), indicating that they are favorable high-energy density materials. Moreover, P1̄-CeN10 possesses ultra-incompressibility along the [1 0 0] direction. Finally, infrared and Raman spectra are analyzed to provide guidance for experimental synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Yuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Shuang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Shuang-Chen Lu
- Department of Radiotherapy, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, No. 218 Ziqiang Street, Changchun 130041, P. R. China
| | - Yi Li
- College of Science, Liaoning University of Technology, Jinzhou, 121000, P. R. China
| | - Zhen Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
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3
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Lin S, Chen J, Zhang B, Hao J, Xu M, Li Y. Lanthanium nitride LaN 9 featuring azide units: the first metal nine-nitride as a high-energy-density material. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:3605-3613. [PMID: 38214951 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp06155h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
High-pressure phase diagrams of the La-N binary system were systematically constructed using the CALYPSO method and first-principles calculations. In addition to the pressure-induced La-N compounds reported previously, we have uncovered a hitherto unknown LaN9 structure in Pm3̄ symmetry stabilized within a narrow pressure range of 20-24.5 GPa. Notably, LaN9 stands as the first thermodynamically stable metal nine-nitrogen compound, featuring centrosymmetric linear N3 anion units and an edge-sharing LaN12 icosahedron. Charge transfer between the La and N atoms plays a crucial role in facilitating structural stability. Furthermore, we identified a novel Cm phase for LaN8, which has a lower enthalpy compared to the previously reported phase. N atoms in Cm LaN8 are polymerized into infinite N∞ chains. Calculations demonstrate the potential recoverability of LaN9 and Cm LaN8 under atmospheric conditions while preserving their initial polynitrogen configuration. From the perspective of detonation pressure and detonation velocity, LaN9 and Cm LaN8 exhibit excellent explosive performance in comparison to TNT and HMX, with estimated energy densities of 0.9 and 1.54 kJ g-1, respectively, indicating their potential utility as high-energy-density materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyi Lin
- Laboratory of Quantum Functional Materials Design and Application, School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, China.
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hunghom, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jingyan Chen
- Laboratory of Quantum Functional Materials Design and Application, School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, China.
| | - Bi Zhang
- Laboratory of Quantum Functional Materials Design and Application, School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, China.
| | - Jian Hao
- Laboratory of Quantum Functional Materials Design and Application, School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, China.
| | - Meiling Xu
- Laboratory of Quantum Functional Materials Design and Application, School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, China.
| | - Yinwei Li
- Laboratory of Quantum Functional Materials Design and Application, School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, China.
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4
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Jin B, Liu Y, Yao Z, Liu S, Wang P. Novel nitrogen-rich lanthanum nitrides induced by the ligand effect under pressure. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:14142-14150. [PMID: 37750206 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt01724a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
N-rich La-N compounds have been studied by first-principles calculations in this work. We identified nine unknown polynitrides, which reveals that the miraculous ligand effect of La plays an important role in the electronic properties and hybridization of nitrogen atoms. Unique tri-coordination atoms with alternate sp2 and sp3 hybridizations are formed in the N18 ring of LaN8. The ligand effect of La induces a novel 1-D chain-like N10 cage polymeric structure in LaN10 and stabilizes it under mild pressure (25 GPa). Moreover, the ligand effect of the introduced La atom on the N10 cage has been clarified by the analysis of the structural evolution behavior from I4̄3m-N10 to Imm2-LaN10. In addition, Imm2-LaN10 with excellent energy (4.56 kJ g-1) and explosive performance (Vd = 16.88 km s-1, Vp = 1887.53 kbar) is a good energetic material candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P.R. China.
| | - Yuanyuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P.R. China.
| | - Zhen Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P.R. China.
| | - Shuang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P.R. China.
| | - Peng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P.R. China.
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5
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Feng Q, Xiao X, Dai W, Sun W, Ding K, Lu C. Predicted the structural diversity and electronic properties of Pt-N compounds under high pressure. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2023; 35:285501. [PMID: 37054735 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/acccc5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The nitrogen-rich transition metal nitrides have attracted considerable attention due to their potential application as high energy density materials. Here, a systematic theoretical study of PtNxcompounds has been performed by combining first-principles calculations and particle swarm-optimized structure search method at high pressure. The results indicate that several unconventional stoichiometries of PtN2, PtN4, PtN5, and Pt3N4compounds are stabilized at moderate pressure of 50 GPa. Moreover, some of these structures are dynamically stable even when the pressure release to ambient pressure. TheP1-phase of PtN4and theP1-phase of PtN5can release about 1.23 kJ g-1and 1.71 kJ g-1, respectively, upon the decomposition into elemental Pt and N2. The electronic structure analysis shows that all crystal structures are indirect band gap semiconductors, except for the metallic Pt3N4withPcphase, and the metallic Pt3N4is a superconductor with estimated critical temperatureTcvalues of 3.6 K at 50 GPa. These findings not only enrich the understanding of transition metal platinum nitrides, but also provide valuable insights for the experimental exploration of multifunctional polynitrogen compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanchao Feng
- Department of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, People's Republic of China
- School of Mathematics and Physics, Jingchu University of Technology, Jingmen 448000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xun Xiao
- Department of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Dai
- School of Mathematics and Physics, Jingchu University of Technology, Jingmen 448000, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiguo Sun
- College of Physics and Electronic Information & Henan Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Transformation and Detection, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471022, People's Republic of China
| | - Kewei Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Fluorine & Nitrogen Chemicals, Xi'an 710065, People's Republic of China
- Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi'an 710065, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Lu
- School of Mathematics and Physics, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China
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6
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Liu S, Xu D, Liu R, Yao Z, Wang P. Novel high-pressure phases of nitrogen-rich Y-N compounds. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:1000-1008. [PMID: 36601899 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt03394a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Five new high-pressure phases (I4̄3d-Y4N3, R3c-Y2N3, P1̄-II-YN4, P1̄-YN6, and P31c-YN8) are proposed by the crystal structure prediction. A series of polynitrogen forms were achieved in the nitrogen-rich Y-N compounds, including diatomic N2, an isolated N8 chain, an infinite N chain with an N6 unit, and an infinite N layer with bent N18 rings. The high energy densities of P1̄-II-YN4 (1.98 kJ g-1), P1̄-YN6 (2.35 kJ g-1), and P31c-YN8 (3.77 kJ g-1) make them potential high energy density materials. More importantly, P1̄-II-YN4, P1̄-YN6, and P31c-YN8 exhibit excellent explosive performance, with detonation pressures 4-8 times that of TNT (19 GPa) and detonation velocities 1-2 times that of TNT (6.90 km s-1). The electronic structure and bonding properties show that the high stability of Y-N compounds originates from the strong N-N covalent bond and the weak Y-N ionic bond interaction. The increase in the transferred charge quantity as the pressure decreased is more conducive to stabilizing the polymeric nitrogen structure, which leads to the metastable properties of P1̄-II-YN4 and P1̄-YN6 under ambient conditions. Finally, the infrared (IR) spectra of P1̄-II-YN4, P1̄-YN6, and P31c-YN8 are calculated to provide a reference in experimental synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China.
| | - Dan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China.
| | - Ran Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China.
| | - Zhen Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China.
| | - Peng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China.
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7
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Prediction of novel tetravalent metal pentazolate salts with anharmonic effect. FUNDAMENTAL RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2022.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
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8
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Rezaii E, Nazmi Miardan L, Fathi R, Mahkam M. Preparation and characterization of novel energetic nitrogen-rich polymers based on 1,3,5-triazine rings. MAIN GROUP CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.3233/mgc-220051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Recently, the demand for new renewable and sustainable polymers, as well as their use as precursors to produce energetic materials, has emerged as a popular and burgeoning area of study. In this study, novel energetic nitrogen-rich polymers based on the 1,3,5-triazine ring were synthesized utilizing standard techniques. Four monomers were created initially: 4,6-dichloro-N-(4-chlorophenyl)-1,3,5-triazine-2-amine (A), 1,1’-bis(4,6-dichloro-1,3,5-triazine-2-yl)-1 H,1’H-5,5’-bitetrazole (B), 2,4,6-trihydrazinyl-1,3,5-triazine (C), N-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,6-dihydrazinyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-amine (D) In the second step, seven novel polymers named CHTA, TBT, TBTH, CTBT, THT, CTC, and TCT were synthesized via polyaddition reactions with monomers. Infra-red spectroscopy was used to characterize the nitrogen-rich polymers that were formed (IR). TGA measurements were utilized to investigate the thermal stability of substances. In addition, SEM and 1HNMR were utilized to describe the compounds. The results of thermal analysis indicate that TBT, CTC, and TCT are less stable than other nitrogen-rich polymers. The reaction yield for synthesized energetic polymer were 73%, 92%, 67%, 80%, 84%, 72%and 74%for CHTA, TBT, TBTH, CTBT, THT, CTC and TCT respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebrahim Rezaii
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Leila Nazmi Miardan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Roghayyeh Fathi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Mahkam
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, Iran
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9
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Liu Y, Fan J, Xue Z, Lu Y, Zhao J, Hui W. Crystal Structure and Noncovalent Interactions of Heterocyclic Energetic Molecules. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27154969. [PMID: 35956915 PMCID: PMC9370629 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27154969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitrogen-rich heterocyclic compounds are important heterocyclic substances with extensive future applications for energetic materials due to their outstanding density and excellent physicochemical properties. However, the weak intermolecular interactions of these compounds are not clear, which severely limits their widespread application. Three nitrogen-rich heterocyclic compounds were chosen to detect their molecular geometry, stacking mode and intermolecular interactions by crystal structure, Hirshfeld surface, RDG and ESP. The results show that all atoms in each molecule are coplanar and that the stacking mode of the three crystals is a planar layer style. A large amount of inter- and intramolecular interaction exists in the three crystals. All principal types of intermolecular contacts in the three crystals are N···H interactions and they account for 40.9%, 38.9% and 32.9%, respectively. Hydrogen bonding, vdW interactions and steric effects in Crystal c are stronger than in Crystals a and b. The negative ESPs all concentrate on the nitrogen atoms in the three molecules. This work is expected to benefit the crystal engineering of heterocyclic energetic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liu
- Department of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Taiyuan Institute of Technology, Taiyuan 030008, China
- Correspondence:
| | - Jiake Fan
- School of Environment and Safety Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China
| | - Zhongqing Xue
- Department of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Taiyuan Institute of Technology, Taiyuan 030008, China
| | - Yajing Lu
- Department of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Taiyuan Institute of Technology, Taiyuan 030008, China
| | - Jinan Zhao
- Department of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Taiyuan Institute of Technology, Taiyuan 030008, China
| | - Wenyan Hui
- Department of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Taiyuan Institute of Technology, Taiyuan 030008, China
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10
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The New High-Pressure Phases of Nitrogen-Rich Ag–N Compounds. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15144986. [PMID: 35888452 PMCID: PMC9320057 DOI: 10.3390/ma15144986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The high-pressure phase diagram of Ag–N compounds is enriched by proposing three stable high-pressure phases (P4/mmm-AgN2, P1-AgN7 and P-1-AgN7) and two metastable high-pressure phases (P-1-AgN4 and P-1-AgN8). The novel N7 rings and N20 rings are firstly found in the folded layer structure of P-1-AgN7. The electronic structure properties of predicted five structures are studied by the calculations of the band structure and DOS. The analyses of ELF and Bader charge show that the strong N–N covalent bond interaction and the weak Ag–N ionic bond interaction constitute the stable mechanism of Ag–N compounds. The charge transfer between the Ag and N atoms plays an important role for the structural stability. Moreover, the P-1-AgN7 and P-1-AgN8 with the high-energy density and excellent detonation properties are potential candidates for new high-energy density species.
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11
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Zhao Z, Liu R, Guo L, Liu S, Sui M, Niu S, Liu B, Wang P, Yao Z, Liu B. High-Pressure Synthesis and Stability Enhancement of Lithium Pentazolate. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:9012-9018. [PMID: 35658435 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c00112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The pentazolate anion, cyclo-N5-, has received extensive attention as a new generation of energetic species for explosive or propulsion applications. Binary pentazolate compounds have been obtained under high-pressure conditions and their stability enhancement is crucial for obtaining more competitive high energy density materials (HEDMs). Here, we report the synthesis of a new solid phase of lithium pentazolate (space group P21/c) through the chemical transformation of pure lithium azide under high-pressure and high-temperature conditions. Upon decompression, the structural transition from P21/c-LiN5 to P21/m-LiN5 at ∼15.6 GPa was observed for the first time. Cyclo-N5- can be traced down to ∼5.7 GPa at room temperature and recovered to ambient pressure under a low-temperature condition (80 K). Our results reveal the enhancement of pentazolate anion stability with the increasing content of metal cations and demonstrate that low temperature is an effective route for the recovery of the pentazolate anion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zitong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Ran Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Linlin Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Shuang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Minghong Sui
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Shifeng Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Bo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Peng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Zhen Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Bingbing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
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12
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Stabilization of hexazine rings in potassium polynitride at high pressure. Nat Chem 2022; 14:794-800. [PMID: 35449217 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-022-00925-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Polynitrogen molecules are attractive for high-energy-density materials due to energy stored in nitrogen-nitrogen bonds; however, it remains challenging to find energy-efficient synthetic routes and stabilization mechanisms for these compounds. Direct synthesis from molecular dinitrogen requires overcoming large activation barriers and the reaction products are prone to inherent inhomogeneity. Here we report the synthesis of planar N62- hexazine dianions, stabilized in K2N6, from potassium azide (KN3) on laser heating in a diamond anvil cell at pressures above 45 GPa. The resulting K2N6, which exhibits a metallic lustre, remains metastable down to 20 GPa. Synchrotron X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy were used to identify this material, through good agreement with the theoretically predicted structural, vibrational and electronic properties for K2N6. The N62- rings characterized here are likely to be present in other high-energy-density materials stabilized by pressure. Under 30 GPa, an unusual N20.75--containing compound with the formula K3(N2)4 was formed instead.
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13
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Du H, Guo W. Novel polymerization of nitrogen in zinc nitrides at high pressures. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2022; 34:235702. [PMID: 35294933 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ac5e76] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen-rich compounds containing polynitrogen are attractive candidates for high-energy-density materials. In this work, using first-principles calculations and a particle swarm optimization structural search method, four novel nitrogen-rich structures are predicted at high pressures, i.e., two ZnN3phases with the same space groupP1 (low-pressure phase LP-ZnN3and high-pressure phase HP-ZnN3),Cmm2-ZnN5andPcc2-ZnN6, the energy density are estimated to be 1.41 kJ g-1, 1.88 kJ g-1, 4.07 kJ g-1, and 2.60 kJ g-1, respectively. LP-ZnN3(54-72 GPa) and HP-ZnN3(above 72 GPa) have the lowest enthalpies in all known ZnN3phases, and the N6chains in LP-ZnN3polymerize into infinite nitrogen chains in HP-ZnN3at 72 GPa, showing a narrow-band-gap-semiconductor to metallic phase transition. Interestingly,P1-ZnN3has a superconducting transition temperature of 6.2 K at 50 GPa and 16.3 K at 100 GPa. InCmm2-ZnN5andPcc2-ZnN6, nitrogen atoms polymerize into three-dimensional network structures and network layers under high pressures. Those predicted structures may enrich the phase diagram of high-pressure zinc nitrides, and provide clues for synthesis and exploration of novel stable polymeric nitrogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huifang Du
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Quantum Architecture and Measurement (MOE), School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Guo
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Quantum Architecture and Measurement (MOE), School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China
- Frontiers Science Center for High Energy Material (MOE), Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China
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14
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Niu S, Xu D, Li H, Yao Z, Liu S, Zhai C, Hu K, Shi X, Wang P, Liu B. Pressure-stabilized polymerization of nitrogen in manganese nitrides at ambient and high pressures. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:5738-5747. [PMID: 35191433 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp03068j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Two stable high-pressure phases (C2/m-MnN4 and P1̄-MnN4) and four metastable phases (P4/mmm-MnN4, P1̄-MnN5, C2/m-MnN6 and P1̄-MnN8) are proposed by using ab initio evolutionary simulations. Besides the reported quasi-diatomic molecule N2, the armchair chain and S-like chain, the N4 ring and N22 ring are firstly reported in the P4/mmm-MnN4 and P1̄-MnN5 phases. A detailed study is performed on the energetic properties, mechanical properties and stability of these polynitrogen structures. Ab initio molecular dynamics simulations show that P1̄-MnN4 and P1̄-MnN5 can be quenched down to ambient conditions, and large decomposition energy barriers result in the high decomposition temperatures of P1̄-MnN4 (2000 K) and P1̄-MnN5 (3000 K). Interestingly, P4/mmm-MnN4 with the N4 ring exhibits outstanding mechanical properties, including high incompressibility, high hardness, uniform strength in the 2-D direction and excellent ductility. Strong N-N covalent bond and weak Mn-N ionic bond interactions are observed in the predicted Mn-N compounds, and the charge transfer between the Mn and N atoms provides an important contribution to the stabilization of polymeric N-structures. All the proposed structures are metallic phases. Our results provide a deep understanding of the chemistry of transition metal polynitrides under pressure and encourage experimental synthesis of these new manganese polynitrides in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shifeng Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China.
| | - Dan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China.
| | - Haiyan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China.
| | - Zhen Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China.
| | - Shuang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China.
| | - Chunguang Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China.
| | - Kuo Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China.
| | - Xuhan Shi
- Aviation University of Air Force, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
| | - Peng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China.
| | - Bingbing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China.
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15
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Luo Y, Zheng W, Wang X, Shen F. Nitrification Progress of Nitrogen-Rich Heterocyclic Energetic Compounds: A Review. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27051465. [PMID: 35268569 PMCID: PMC8911595 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27051465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
As a momentous energetic group, a nitro group widely exists in high-energy-density materials (HEDMs), such as trinitrotoluene (TNT), 1,3,5-triamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene (TATB), cyclo-1,3,5-trimethylene-2,4,6-trinitramine (RDX), etc. The nitro group has a significant effect on improving the oxygen balance and detonation performances of energetic materials (EMs). Moreover, the nitro group is a strong electron-withdrawing group, and it can increase the acidity of the acidic hydrogen-containing nitrogen-rich energetic compounds to facilitate the construction of energetic ionic salts. Thus, it is possible to design nitro-nitrogen-rich energetic compounds with adjustable properties. In this paper, the nitration methods of azoles, including imidazole, pyrazole, triazole, tetrazole, and oxadiazole, as well as azines, including pyrazine, pyridazine, triazine, and tetrazine, have been concluded. Furthermore, the prospect of the future development of nitrogen-rich heterocyclic energetic compounds has been stated, so as to provide references for researchers who are engaged in the synthesis of EMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Luo
- High-Tech Institute of Xi’an, Xi’an 710025, China; (Y.L.); (F.S.)
- Xi’an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi’an 710065, China
| | - Wanwan Zheng
- School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China;
| | - Xuanjun Wang
- High-Tech Institute of Xi’an, Xi’an 710025, China; (Y.L.); (F.S.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Fei Shen
- High-Tech Institute of Xi’an, Xi’an 710025, China; (Y.L.); (F.S.)
- Xi’an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi’an 710065, China
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16
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Liu Y, Wang R, Wang Z, Li D, Cui T. Formation of twelve-fold iodine coordination at high pressure. Nat Commun 2022; 13:412. [PMID: 35058450 PMCID: PMC8776873 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28083-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Halogen compounds have been studied widely due to their unique hypercoordinated and hypervalent features. Generally, in halogen compounds, the maximal coordination number of halogens is smaller than eight. Here, based on the particle swarm optimization method and first-principles calculations, we report an exotically icosahedral cage-like hypercoordinated IN6 compound composed of N6 rings and an unusual iodine-nitrogen covalent bond network. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first halogen compound showing twelve-fold coordination of halogen. High pressure and the presence of N6 rings reduce the energy level of the 5d orbitals of iodine, making them part of the valence orbital. Highly symmetrical covalent bonding networks contribute to the formation of twelve-fold iodine hypercoordination. Moreover, our theoretical analysis suggests that a halogen element with a lower atomic number has a weaker propensity for valence expansion in halogen nitrides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P.R. China
| | - Rui Wang
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P.R. China
| | - Zhigang Wang
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P.R. China
| | - Da Li
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P.R. China.
| | - Tian Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P.R. China.
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, P.R. China.
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17
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Jiao F, Huang X, Zhang C, Xie W. High-pressure phases of a Mn-N system. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:1830-1839. [PMID: 34986210 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp04386b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Highly compressed extended states of light elemental solids have emerged recently as a novel group of energetic materials. The application of these materials is seriously limited by the energy-safety contradiction, because the material with high energy density is highly metastable and can hardly be recovered under ambient conditions. Recently, it has been found that high-energy density transition metal polynitrides could be synthesized at ∼100 GPa and recovered at ∼20 GPa. Inspired by these findings, we have studied a high-pressure Mn-N system from the aspects of structure, stability, phase transition, energy density and electronic structure theoretically for the first time. The results reveal that MnN4_P1̄ consisting of [N4]∞2- is thermodynamically stable at 36.9-100 GPa, dynamically stable at 0 GPa and has a noticeably high volumetric energy density of 15.71 kJ cm-3. Upon decompression, this structure will transform to MnN4_C2/m with the transition barrier declining sharply at 5-10 GPa due to the switching of transition pathways. Hence, we propose MnN4_P1̄ as a potential energetic material that is synthesizable above 40 GPa and recoverable until 10 GPa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangbao Jiao
- Institute of Chemical Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics, P. O. Box 919-311, Mianyang, Sichuan, 621999, China.
| | - Xin Huang
- Institute of Chemical Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics, P. O. Box 919-311, Mianyang, Sichuan, 621999, China. .,School of Physics and Optoelectronics, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan, 411105, China
| | - Chaoyang Zhang
- Institute of Chemical Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics, P. O. Box 919-311, Mianyang, Sichuan, 621999, China.
| | - Weiyu Xie
- Institute of Chemical Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics, P. O. Box 919-311, Mianyang, Sichuan, 621999, China.
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18
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Xu M, Li Y, Ma Y. Materials by design at high pressures. Chem Sci 2022; 13:329-344. [PMID: 35126967 PMCID: PMC8729811 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc04239d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Pressure, a fundamental thermodynamic variable, can generate two essential effects on materials. First, pressure can create new high-pressure phases via modification of the potential energy surface. Second, pressure can produce new compounds with unconventional stoichiometries via modification of the compositional landscape. These new phases or compounds often exhibit exotic physical and chemical properties that are inaccessible at ambient pressure. Recent studies have established a broad scope for developing materials with specific desired properties under high pressure. Crystal structure prediction methods and first-principles calculations can be used to design materials and thus guide subsequent synthesis plans prior to any experimental work. A key example is the recent theory-initiated discovery of the record-breaking high-temperature superhydride superconductors H3S and LaH10 with critical temperatures of 200 K and 260 K, respectively. This work summarizes and discusses recent progress in the theory-oriented discovery of new materials under high pressure, including hydrogen-rich superconductors, high-energy-density materials, inorganic electrides, and noble gas compounds. The discovery of the considered compounds involved substantial theoretical contributions. We address future challenges facing the design of materials at high pressure and provide perspectives on research directions with significant potential for future discoveries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiling Xu
- Laboratory of Quantum Functional Materials Design and Application, School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Jiangsu Normal University Xuzhou 221116 China
| | - Yinwei Li
- Laboratory of Quantum Functional Materials Design and Application, School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Jiangsu Normal University Xuzhou 221116 China
| | - Yanming Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials & International Center for Computational Method and Software, College of Physics, Jilin University Changchun 130012 China
- International Center of Future Science, Jilin University Changchun 130012 China
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19
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Zhao L, Liu S, Chen Y, Yi W, Khodagholian D, Gu F, Kelson E, Zheng Y, Liu B, Miao MS. A novel all-nitrogen molecular crystal N16 as a promising high-energy density material. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:9369-9376. [DOI: 10.1039/d2dt00820c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
All-nitrogen solids, if successfully synthesized, are ideal high energy density materials because they store a great amount of energy and produce only harmless N2 gas upon decomposition. Currently, the only...
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20
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Zhou Y, Jiang X, Zheng Y, Xie SY, Feng Y, Chen K. Predicted stable high-pressure phases of copper-nitrogen compounds. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2021; 34:025401. [PMID: 34638113 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ac2f10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The nitrogen-rich compounds are promising candidates for high-energy-density applications, owing to the large difference in the bonding energy between triple and single/double nitrogen bonds. The exploration of stable copper-nitrogen (Cu-N) compounds with high-energy-density has been challenging for a long time. Recently, through a combination of high temperatures and pressures, a new copper diazenide compound (P63/mmc-CuN2) has been synthesized (Binnset al2019J. Phys. Chem. Lett.101109-1114). But the pressure-composition phase diagram of Cu-N compounds at different temperatures is still highly unclear. Here, by combining first-principles calculations with crystal structure prediction method, the Cu-N compounds with different stoichiometric ratios were searched within the pressure range of 0-150 GPa. Four Cu-N compounds are predicted to be thermodynamically stable at high pressures,Pnnm-CuN2, two CuN3compounds with theP-1 space group (named as I-CuN3and II-CuN3) andP21/m-CuN5containing cyclo-N5-. Finite temperature effects (vibrational energies) play a key role in stabilizing experimentally synthesizedP63/mmc-CuN2at ∼55 GPa, compared to our predictedPnnm-CuN2. These new Cu-N compounds show great promise for potential applications as high-energy-density materials with the energy densities of 1.57-2.74 kJ g-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Zhou
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Structural Physics & Devices, School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingxing Jiang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Structural Physics & Devices, School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, People's Republic of China
| | - Yueshao Zheng
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Structural Physics & Devices, School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng-Yi Xie
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Structural Physics & Devices, School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, People's Republic of China
| | - Yexin Feng
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Structural Physics & Devices, School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, People's Republic of China
| | - Keqiu Chen
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Structural Physics & Devices, School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, People's Republic of China
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21
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Zhang S, Yang Q, Zhang X, Zhao K, Yu H, Zhu L, Liu H. Crystal structures and superconductivity of lithium and fluorine implanted gold hydrides under high pressures. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:21544-21553. [PMID: 34549743 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp02781f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The investigations on gold science have been capturing research interest due to its diverse physical and chemical properties. Gold hydrides in the solid state, as a member of the Au compound family, are rare since the reaction of Au with H is hindered in terms of their similar electronegativity. It is expected that Li and F can provide electrons and holes, respectively, to help stabilize gold hydrides under high pressure. Herein, by means of a crystal structural search based on particle swarm optimization methodology accompanied by first-principles calculations, four hitherto unknown Li-Au-H compounds (i.e., LiAuH, LiAu2H, Li2Au2H, and Li6AuH) are predicted to be stable under compression. Intriguingly, Au-H bonding is found in LiAuH, LiAu2H, and Li2Au2H. As the gold content increases, Au atom arrangements exhibit diverse forms, from the chain in Li6AuH, the square layer in LiAuH, the network in Li2Au2H, and eventually to the coexistence of square and pyramid layers in LiAu2H. Additionally, Li6AuH has a unique cage-type lithium structure. Furthermore, electron-phonon coupling calculations show that these Li-Au-H phases are phonon-modulated superconductors with a superconducting critical temperature of 1.3, 0.06, and 0.02 K at 25 GPa and 2.79 K at 100 GPa. In contrast, we also identified two solid F4AuH and F6AuH phases with unexpected semiconductivity. They have structural configurations of H-bridged AuF4 quasi-square components and distorted AuF6 octahedrons, respectively, and have no gold-to-hydrogen bonds. Our current results indicate that electron doping at suitable concentrations under pressure can stabilize unique gold hydrides, and provide deep insights into the structures, electron properties, bonding behavior, and stability mechanism of ternary Li-Au-H and F-Au-H compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoutao Zhang
- Centre for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research and Key Laboratory for UV Light-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China.
| | - Qiuping Yang
- Centre for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research and Key Laboratory for UV Light-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China.
| | - Xiaohua Zhang
- Centre for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research and Key Laboratory for UV Light-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China.
| | - Kaixuan Zhao
- Centre for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research and Key Laboratory for UV Light-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China.
| | - Hong Yu
- Centre for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research and Key Laboratory for UV Light-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China.
| | - Li Zhu
- Department of Physics, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07102, USA.
| | - Hanyu Liu
- International Center for Computational Method & Software and State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China. .,Key Laboratory of Physics and Technology for Advanced Batteries (Ministry of Education),College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
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22
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Liu S, Liu R, Li H, Yao Z, Shi X, Wang P, Liu B. Cobalt-Nitrogen Compounds at High Pressure. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:14022-14030. [PMID: 34459583 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c01304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The high-pressure phase diagram of Co-N compounds is enriched by proposing five stable phases (Pnnm-Co2N, Pmn21-Co2N, Pmna-CoN, Pnnm-CoN2, and P1̅-CoN4) and two metastable phases (P3̅1c-CoN8 and P1̅-CoN10). A systematic study has been performed for revealing the novel polymeric nitrogen structure and the outstanding properties of predicted polynitrides, such as structural characterization, energy analysis, stability analysis, and electronic analysis. P3̅1c-CoN8 with the novel layer-shaped N-structure and P1̅-CoN10 with the novel band-shaped N-structure are first reported in this work. Moreover, P3̅1c-CoN8 (6.14 kJ/g) and P1̅-CoN10 (5.18 kJ/g) with high energy density can be quenched down to ambient conditions. The proposed seven high-pressure phases are all metallic phases. A weak ionic bond interaction is observed between the Co and N atoms, while a strong N-N covalent bond interaction is observed in the Pnnm-CoN2, P1̅-CoN4, P3̅1c-CoN8, and P1̅-CoN10 phases. The N atoms in the polynitrides hybridize in the sp2 state, for which the hybrid orbitals are constructed by the σ bond or lone electronic pair. The charge transfer between the Co and N atoms plays an important role to the structural stability. Moreover, the vibrational analysis of P3̅1c-CoN8 and P1̅-CoN10 phases is performed to guide the future experimental study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P.R. China
| | - Ran Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P.R. China
| | - Haiyan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P.R. China
| | - Zhen Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P.R. China
| | - Xuhan Shi
- Aviation University of Air Force, Changchun 130022, P.R. China
| | - Peng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P.R. China
| | - Bingbing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P.R. China
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23
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Wei S, Liu Z, Guo Y, Sun H, Chang Q, Sun Y. A novel high-pressure phase of ScN 5with higher stability predicted from first-principles calculations. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2021; 33:475401. [PMID: 34433160 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ac2119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
For binary compounds of Sc-N, the stable structures and stoichiometries were studied from ambient condition to high pressure of 100 GPa, adopting CALYPSO method. The newly predictedP21/c-ScN5compound was more energetically stable under high pressureP= 62 GPa comparing with the three previously reported phases ofP1-ScN5,Cm-ScN5andC2/m-ScN5. Furthermore, the high-pressure phase ofP21/c-ScN5was dynamically stable at ambient condition, so the ambient-pressure recovery is possible. In this paper, the study suggested that the energetic polynitrides can be obtained in transition metal nitrides under high pressure. And we identified one novel 3D extended puckered poly-nitrogen network in theP21/c-ScN5structure, which is similar to theC2/m-ScN5. The decomposition ofP21/c-ScN5to ScN and N2under ambient pressure was estimated to release 5.02 eV energy per formula unit (f.u.), corresponding to 4.19 kJ g-1in energy density, which was expected to be highly exothermic. The present results can conduce to obtain more polynitrogen forms and theoretically encourages experimental discovery in these promising materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuli Wei
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, 250049, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhipeng Liu
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, 250049, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanhui Guo
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, 250049, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiyang Sun
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, 250049, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Chang
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, 250049, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuping Sun
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, 250049, People's Republic of China
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24
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Jiao F, Zhang C, Xie W. Energy density of high-pressure nitrogen-rich MN x compounds. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:7313-7320. [PMID: 33876091 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp00527h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In the past decade, a large number of nitrogen-rich MNx compounds have been discovered under high-pressure conditions. In this work, we have evaluated the energy densities of MNx structures with thermodynamic and dynamical stability through first-principles calculations. The results show that the energy densities of MNx consisting of alkali metals and cyclo-N5- are less than ∼0.5 TNT equivalence, whereas the group-III metal nitrides have high-energy density regardless of the type of nitrogen oligomers in the structures. To clarify the energy density difference for MNx composed of different impurities, bivariate Pearson correlation analysis is performed, which reveals that the high-energy density of MNx is related to the large N density, small M atomic radius, short M-N bond length, small MNx ionicity, long N-N bond length and large M formal oxidation state. According to this correlation, H, Be, B, Al, Si and P elements have been proposed as the candidate impurities to synthesize high-energy density MNx.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangbao Jiao
- Institute of Chemical Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics, P. O. Box 919-311, Mianyang, Sichuan 621999, China.
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25
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Gao Y, Wang R, Lei J, Zhu Y, Li D, Zhang L, Xie W, Wang Z. Fully Active Nitrogen Energetic Chains Mg
2
(N
5
)
2
N
2
[Mg
2
(N
5
)
2
N
2
]
n
under Ambient Conditions. ADVANCED THEORY AND SIMULATIONS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adts.202000283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Gao
- Physics and Space Science College China West Normal University Nanchong 637002 China
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics Jilin University Changchun 130012 China
| | - Rui Wang
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics Jilin University Changchun 130012 China
| | - Jiehong Lei
- Physics and Space Science College China West Normal University Nanchong 637002 China
| | - Yu Zhu
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics Jilin University Changchun 130012 China
| | - Danhui Li
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics Jilin University Changchun 130012 China
| | - Lei Zhang
- CAEP Software Center for High Performance Numerical Simulation Beijing 100088 China
- Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics Beijing 100088 China
| | - Weiyu Xie
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics Jilin University Changchun 130012 China
| | - Zhigang Wang
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics Jilin University Changchun 130012 China
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26
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Lin J, Peng D, Wang Q, Li J, Zhu H, Wang X. Stable nitrogen-rich scandium nitrides and their bonding features under ambient conditions. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:6863-6870. [PMID: 33725057 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp05402j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
All-nitrogen salts have attracted extensive attention because of their unique chemical, physical properties, and potential applications as high-energy density materials. Using first-principles calculations and a particle swarm optimization structure search method, the pressure versus composition phase diagram of the Sc-N system is established. A new stable phase of C2/m-ScN5 with the intriguing 2D N106- is identified for the first time and we also found ScN3 with the P1[combining macron] structure which has been reported before. Under ambient conditions, both of them have high kinetic and thermodynamic stability with high energy density (2.40 kJ g-1 and 4.23 kJ g-1 relative to ScN and N2 gas). The analyses of chemical bonding pattern indicate that the nitrogen atoms in the N66- chains are connected by covalent bonds with a combined σ and π bond character. We also give a possible high-pressure experimental route to P1[combining macron]-ScN3 and C2/m-ScN5 at modest pressure. We expect that our theoretical research could encourage experimental realization in the future and contribute to the understanding of the bonding features of nitrogen chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiani Lin
- School of Opto-electronic Information Science and Technology, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, P. R. China.
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27
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Liu H, Liu C, Li Q, Ma Y, Chen C. Pressure-Induced Evolution of Crystal and Electronic Structure of Ammonia Borane. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:2036-2043. [PMID: 33606543 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c00109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Ammonia borane (NH3BH3) has long attracted considerable interest for its high hydrogen content and easy dehydrogenation conditions which make it a promising hydrogen storage material. Here, we report on a computational study of the structural stability and phase transition sequence of NH3BH3 and associated lattice dynamics and electronic properties in a wide pressure range up to 300 GPa. The results confirm previously reported structures, including the experimentally observed orthorhombic Pmn21 structure at low temperature and ambient pressure, and predict the phase transition sequence Pmn21 → Pc → P21 → P1̅ for NH3BH3. Our calculations also reveal systematic trends of monotonically decreasing band gap with rising pressure in the three high-pressure NH3BH3 phases, which nevertheless all remain nonconducting up to the highest pressure of 300 GPa examined in this work. The present findings elucidate structural and electronic properties of NH3BH3 over an extensive pressure range, providing knowledge essential to further study of NH3BH3 in an expanded pressure-temperature phase space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials and International Center for Computational Method and Software, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Chang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials and International Center for Computational Method and Software, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
- International Center of Future Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Quan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials and International Center for Computational Method and Software, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
- International Center of Future Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Yanming Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials and International Center for Computational Method and Software, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
- International Center of Future Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Changfeng Chen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Nevada 89154, United States
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28
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Du X, Yao Y, Wang J, Yang Q, Yang G. IrN 4 and IrN 7 as potential high-energy-density materials. J Chem Phys 2021; 154:054706. [PMID: 33557531 DOI: 10.1063/5.0036832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Transition metal nitrides have attracted great interest due to their unique crystal structures and applications. Here, we predict two N-rich iridium nitrides (IrN4 and IrN7) under moderate pressure through first-principles swarm-intelligence structural searches. The two new compounds are composed of stable IrN6 octahedrons and interlinked with high energy polynitrogens (planar N4 or cyclo-N5). Balanced structural robustness and energy content result in IrN4 and IrN7 being dynamically stable under ambient conditions and potentially as high energy density materials. The calculated energy densities for IrN4 and IrN7 are 1.3 kJ/g and 1.4 kJ/g, respectively, comparable to other transition metal nitrides. In addition, IrN4 is predicted to have good tensile (40.2 GPa) and shear strengths (33.2 GPa), as well as adequate hardness (20 GPa). Moderate pressure for synthesis and ambient pressure recoverability encourage experimental realization of these two compounds in near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Du
- State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science & Technology and Key Laboratory for Microstructural Material Physics of Hebei Province, School of Science, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Yansun Yao
- Department of Physics and Engineering Physics, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E2, Canada
| | - Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science & Technology and Key Laboratory for Microstructural Material Physics of Hebei Province, School of Science, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Qiuping Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science & Technology and Key Laboratory for Microstructural Material Physics of Hebei Province, School of Science, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Guochun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science & Technology and Key Laboratory for Microstructural Material Physics of Hebei Province, School of Science, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
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29
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Liu Z, Wei S, Guo Y, Sun H, Sun H, Chang Q, Sun Y. Pressure-induced stability and polymeric nitrogen in alkaline earth metal N-rich nitrides (XN 6, X = Ca, Sr and Ba): a first-principles study. RSC Adv 2021; 11:17222-17228. [PMID: 35479712 PMCID: PMC9033170 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra01631h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The Fddd-SrN6 structure can transform into P1̄-SrN6, and polymerized to infinite nitrogen chain structures at P = 22 GPa. For BaN6, the Fmmm-BaN6 structure can transform into C2/m-BaN6, and polymerized to N6 ring network structure at P = 110 GPa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhipeng Liu
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering
- Shandong University of Technology
- 250049 Zibo
- China
| | - Shuli Wei
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering
- Shandong University of Technology
- 250049 Zibo
- China
| | - Yanhui Guo
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering
- Shandong University of Technology
- 250049 Zibo
- China
| | - Haiyang Sun
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering
- Shandong University of Technology
- 250049 Zibo
- China
| | - Hao Sun
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering
- Shandong University of Technology
- 250049 Zibo
- China
| | - Qiang Chang
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering
- Shandong University of Technology
- 250049 Zibo
- China
| | - Yuping Sun
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering
- Shandong University of Technology
- 250049 Zibo
- China
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30
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Yi W, Jiang X, Yang T, Yang B, Liu Z, Liu X. Crystalline Structures and Energetic Properties of Lithium Pentazolate under Ambient Conditions. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:24946-24953. [PMID: 33015514 PMCID: PMC7528499 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c03835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Recently, it has been reported that high-pressure synthesized lithium pentazolates could be quenched down to ambient conditions. However, the crystalline structures of LiN5 under ambient conditions are still ambiguous. In this work, the structures of LiN5 compound were directly explored at atmospheric pressure by using a new constrain structure search method. By using this method, three new allotropes were confirmed, and they show lower energy than the previous reported LiN5 phases. Both their thermodynamic and dynamic stability were confirmed through formation enthalpies, phonon spectrum, and ab initio molecular dynamics simulations under ambient conditions. Moreover, these three allotropes show similar formation enthalpies and properties, which suggests that it is hard to obtain a single LiN5 phase, which is well consistent with the experimental phenomenon. Furthermore, because of their low formation energy, all of them possess low energy density when they directly decompose to Li3N and nitrogen (0.52 kJ/g). Instead, the decomposed energy could be further improved to 3.78 kJ/g when they decompose under an oxygen-rich environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wencai Yi
- Laboratory of High Pressure Physics and Material Science (HPPMS), School of Physics and Physical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
| | - Xingang Jiang
- Laboratory of High Pressure Physics and Material Science (HPPMS), School of Physics and Physical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
| | - Tao Yang
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Bingchao Yang
- Laboratory of High Pressure Physics and Material Science (HPPMS), School of Physics and Physical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
| | - Zhen Liu
- Department of Physics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Xiaobing Liu
- Laboratory of High Pressure Physics and Material Science (HPPMS), School of Physics and Physical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
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31
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32
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N8− Polynitrogen Stabilized on Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Nanotubes as an Efficient Electrocatalyst for Oxygen Reduction Reaction. Catalysts 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/catal10080864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, non-traditional metal-free polynitrogen chain N8− deposited on a nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes (PN-NCNT) catalyst was successfully synthesized by a facile cyclic voltammetry (CV) approach, which was further tested in an oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). The formation of PN on NCNT was confirmed by attenuated total reflectance–Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) and Raman spectroscopy. Partial positive charge of carbon within NCNT facilitated electron transfer and accordingly induced the formation of more PN species compared to CNT substrate as determined by temperature-programmed decomposition (TPD). Rotating disk electrode (RDE) measurements suggested that a higher current density was achieved over PN-NCNT than that on PN-CNT catalyst, which can be attributed to formation of the larger amount of N8− on NCNT. Kinetic study suggested a four-electron pathway mechanism over PN-NCNT. Moreover, it showed long stability and good methanol tolerance, which indicates its great potential application. This work provides insights on designing and synthesizing non-traditional metal-free catalysts for ORR in fuel cells.
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33
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Liu Z, Li D, Tian F, Duan D, Li H, Cui T. Moderate Pressure Stabilized Pentazolate Cyclo-N5– Anion in Zn(N5)2 Salt. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:8002-8012. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c00097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, People’s Republic of China
| | - Da Li
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fubo Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, People’s Republic of China
| | - Defang Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongdong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tian Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, People’s Republic of China
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, People’s Republic of China
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34
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Xu Y, Zhang W, Zhang T, Guo W, Lü Y. Amorphous polymerization of nitrogen in compressed cupric azide. J Comput Chem 2020; 41:1026-1033. [PMID: 31970817 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.26150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Metal azides have attracted increasing attention as precursors for synthesizing polymeric nitrogen. In this article, we report the amorphous polymerization of nitrogen by compressing cupric azide. The ab initio molecular dynamics simulations show that crystalline cupric azide transforms into a disordered network composed of singly bonded nitrogen at a hydrostatic pressure of 40 GPa and room temperature. The transformation manifests the formation of a π delocalization along the disordered Cu-N network, thus resulting in a semiconductor-metal transition. The estimated heat of formation of the amorphous polymeric nitrogen system is comparable to conventional high-energy-density materials. The amorphization provides an alternative route to the polymerization of nitrogen under moderate conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujia Xu
- School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Weijing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, School of Mechatronical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Tonglai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, School of Mechatronical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Guo
- School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongjun Lü
- School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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35
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Formation mechanism of insensitive tellurium hexanitride with armchair-like cyclo-N 6 anions. Commun Chem 2020; 3:42. [PMID: 36703365 PMCID: PMC9814709 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-020-0286-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The lower decomposition barriers of cyclo-N6 anions hinder their application as high-energy-density materials. Here, first-principles calculations and molecular dynamics simulations reveal that enhancing the covalent component of the interaction between cyclo-N6 anions and cations can effectively improve the stability of cyclo-N6 anions. Taking tellurium hexanitride as a representative, the exotic armchair-like N6 anions of tellurium hexanitride exhibit resistance towards electronic attack and gain extra stability through the formation of covalent bonds with the surrounding elemental tellurium under high pressures. These covalent bonds effectively improve the chemical barrier and insensitivity of tellurium hexanitride during blasting, which prevents the decomposition of solid cyclo-N6 salts into molecular nitrogen. Furthermore, the high-pressure induced covalent bonds between cyclo-N6 anions and tellurium enable the high bulk modulus, remarkable detonation performance, and high-temperature thermodynamic stability of tellurium hexanitride.
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36
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Yi W, Zhao K, Wang Z, Yang B, Liu Z, Liu X. Stabilization of the High-Energy-Density CuN 5 Salts under Ambient Conditions by a Ligand Effect. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:6221-6227. [PMID: 32226908 PMCID: PMC7097991 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c00634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A series of excellent works have demonstrated that high-nitrogen-content metal pentazolate (cyclo-N5 -) compounds could be stabilized by high pressure. However, under ambient conditions, low stability precludes their synthesis and application in the field of high-energy-density material. In this work, by using a constrained structure search method, we predicted two new structures as P212121-CuN5 and P21/c-CuN5 containing cyclo-N5 - with strong N-N and Cu-N bonds. In both structures, cyclo-N5 - form four coordination with the Cu+ ligand, which increases the structural stability by lowering the disturbance to the aromaticity of cyclo-N5 -. The calculated results show that the P212121-CuN5 and P21/c-CuN5 structures exhibit high dynamic and thermal stability up to 400 K, indicating that they can be stabilized under ambient conditions. The decomposing energy of P212121-CuN5 and P21/c-CuN5 can reach up to 2.40 and 2.42 kJ/g, respectively. Strikingly, the detonation velocity and the pressure of P212121-CuN5 is predicted to be up to 10.42 km/s and 617.46 kbar, respectively, indicating that they are promising high-energy candidates in the field of explosive combustion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wencai Yi
- Laboratory
of High Pressure Physics and Material Science (HPPMS), School of Physics
and Physical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273100, P. R. China
| | - Kefan Zhao
- Laboratory
of High Pressure Physics and Material Science (HPPMS), School of Physics
and Physical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273100, P. R. China
| | - Zhixiu Wang
- Administrative
Office of Laboratory and Equipment, Qufu
Normal University, Qufu 273165, P. R. China
| | - Bingchao Yang
- Laboratory
of High Pressure Physics and Material Science (HPPMS), School of Physics
and Physical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273100, P. R. China
| | - Zhen Liu
- Department
of Physics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
| | - Xiaobing Liu
- Laboratory
of High Pressure Physics and Material Science (HPPMS), School of Physics
and Physical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273100, P. R. China
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37
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Wei S, Lian L, Liu Y, Li D, Liu Z, Cui T. Pressure-stabilized polymerization of nitrogen in alkaline-earth-metal strontium nitrides. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:5242-5248. [PMID: 32091052 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp05745e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
High-pressure technology can help us to obtain excellent materials. We have explored alkaline-earth-metal strontium nitrides under different pressures, theoretically. A variety of stable Sr-N structures were predicted by the structure searching method using CALYPSO code. Six new stoichiometries, SrN, Sr2N3, SrN2, SrN3, SrN4, and SrN5, were predicted. And our calculation proved that all these compounds were stable existing under ambient pressure up to 100 GPa. A rich variety of poly-nitrogen forms appeared in the newly predicted SrNx compounds, including four nitrogen polymerization forms: ranging from N2, N3, N4, and N5 molecules, to zig-zag nitrogen chains and extended chains connected by puckered "N6" rings. Significantly, the 1D extended polymeric chain of puckered "N6" rings was firstly identified in the P1[combining macron]-SrN3 structure at 60 GPa. Another N-rich C2/c-SrN4 was stable only under the relatively high-pressure of 20 GPa, but this phase can be quenched under atmospheric pressure. The N-rich phase SrN5 maintained structural stability when the pressure reached 50-70 GPa. The delocalization of π electrons from N atoms was the principal cause for its metallicity in SrN5. In this paper, our calculated results indicated that the energetic poly-nitrides in alkaline-earth-metal nitrides can be obtained by the high-pressure method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuli Wei
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, 250049 Zibo, China.
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38
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Lian L, Liu Y, Li D, Wei S. High-pressure formation of antimony nitrides: a first-principles study. RSC Adv 2020; 10:2448-2452. [PMID: 35496117 PMCID: PMC9048637 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra09438e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The structural phase transition, electronic properties, and bonding properties of antimony nitrides have been studied by using the first principles projector augmented wave method. The relationship between the formation enthalpy and the composition of the Sb–N system has been explored. The novel Sb2N3 with the Cmcm space group is stable in a narrow pressure range from 100 GPa to 120 GPa. Apart from the Sb2N3, two nitrogen-rich phases SbN2 and SbN4 were predicted. The SbN2 with the C2/m space group is stable at 12 GPa and then transforms to the high-pressure phase at 23 GPa. The nitrogen-rich SbN4 appears at 14 GPa then undergoes C2/m → P1̄ → P1̄ phase transitions, and the calculated pressures of the phase transitions are 31 and 60 GPa, respectively. The nitrogen-rich SbN2 and SbN4 have similar structural features. Both SbN2 and SbN4 can be seen as a sandwich structure composed of the Sb–N layers and N2 dimers. The pressure-induced phase transitions of SbN2 and SbN4 are accompanied by the electron transfer between the Sb–N layers and N2 dimers. Moreover, the nitrogen-rich SbN4 has a higher energy density of 2.42 kJ g−1 and is a potentially high energy density material. The structural phase transition, electronic properties, and bonding properties of antimony nitrides have been studied by using a first principles method.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Lian
- The First Hospital of Jilin University
- Jilin University
- Changchun
- P. R. China
| | - Yan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- China
| | - Da Li
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- China
| | - Shuli Wei
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering
- Shandong University of Technology
- Zibo 255049
- China
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39
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Wang Z, Yang T, Yang B, Yi W. Prediction of stable energetic beryllium pentazolate salt under ambient conditions. CrystEngComm 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0ce00780c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The most stable BeN10 salt was directly predicted at atmospheric pressure, and the energy density is up to 5.36 kJ g−1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixiu Wang
- Administrative Office of Laboratory and Equipment
- Qufu Normal University
- Qufu
- China
| | - Tao Yang
- Laboratory of High Pressure Physics and Material Science
- School of Physics and Physical Engineering
- Qufu Normal University
- Qufu
- China
| | - Bingchao Yang
- Laboratory of High Pressure Physics and Material Science
- School of Physics and Physical Engineering
- Qufu Normal University
- Qufu
- China
| | - Wencai Yi
- Laboratory of High Pressure Physics and Material Science
- School of Physics and Physical Engineering
- Qufu Normal University
- Qufu
- China
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40
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Yao Z, Hu M, Iqbal Z, Wang X. N8– Polynitrogen Stabilized on Boron-Doped Graphene as Metal-Free Electrocatalysts for Oxygen Reduction Reaction. ACS Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b03610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhua Yao
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Maocong Hu
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Zafar Iqbal
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Xianqin Wang
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
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41
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Xia K, Yuan J, Zheng X, Liu C, Gao H, Wu Q, Sun J. Predictions on High-Power Trivalent Metal Pentazolate Salts. J Phys Chem Lett 2019; 10:6166-6173. [PMID: 31560550 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b02383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
High-energy-density materials (HEDMs) have been intensively studied for their significance in fundamental sciences and practical applications. Here, using the molecular crystal structure search method based on first-principles calculations, we have predicted a series of metastable energetic trivalent metal pentazolate salts MN15 (M= Al, Ga, Sc, and Y). These compounds have high energy densities, with the highest nitrogen content among the studied nitrides so far. Pentazolate N5- molecules stack up face-to-face and form wave-like patterns in the C2221 and Cc symmetries. The strong covalent bonding and very weak noncovalent interactions with nonbonded overlaps coexist in these ionic-like structures. We find MN15 molecular structures are mechanically stable up to high temperature (∼1000 K) and ambient pressure. More importantly, these trivalent metal pentazolate salts have high detonation pressure (∼80 GPa) and velocity (∼12 km/s). Their detonation pressures exceeding that of TNT and HMX make them good candidates for high-brisance green energetic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Xia
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093 , China
| | - Jianan Yuan
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093 , China
| | - Xianxu Zheng
- National Key Laboratory for Shock Wave and Detonation Physics, Institute of Fluid Physics , China Academy of Engineering Physics , Mianyang 621900 , Sichuan , China
| | - Cong Liu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093 , China
| | - Hao Gao
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093 , China
| | - Qiang Wu
- National Key Laboratory for Shock Wave and Detonation Physics, Institute of Fluid Physics , China Academy of Engineering Physics , Mianyang 621900 , Sichuan , China
| | - Jian Sun
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093 , China
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42
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Zakai I, Grinstein D, Welner S, Gerber RB. Structures, Stability, and Decomposition Dynamics of the Polynitrogen Molecule N5+B(N3)4– and Its Dimer [N5+]2[B(N3)4–]2. J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:7384-7393. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b03704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Itai Zakai
- Institute of Chemistry and The Fritz Haber Research Center, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
| | - Dan Grinstein
- Institute of Chemistry and The Fritz Haber Research Center, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
| | - Shmuel Welner
- Institute of Chemistry and The Fritz Haber Research Center, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
| | - R. Benny Gerber
- Institute of Chemistry and The Fritz Haber Research Center, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
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43
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Bykov M, Yusenko KV, Bykova E, Pakhomova A, Kraus W, Dubrovinskaia N, Dubrovinsky L. Synthesis of Arsenopyrite‐Type Rhodium Pernitride RhN
2
from a Single‐Source Azide Precursor. Eur J Inorg Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201900488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Maxim Bykov
- Bayerisches Geoinstitut University of Bayreuth Universitätstraße 30 95440 Bayreuth Germany
- Chair of Inorganic Solid‐State Chemistry Department of Chemistry University of Munich (LMU) Butenandtstr. 5‐13 (D) 81377 Munich Germany
| | - Kirill V. Yusenko
- BAM Federal Institute of Materials Research and Testing Richard‐Willstätter Str. 11 12489 Berlin Germany
| | - Elena Bykova
- Bayerisches Geoinstitut University of Bayreuth Universitätstraße 30 95440 Bayreuth Germany
| | | | - Werner Kraus
- BAM Federal Institute of Materials Research and Testing Richard‐Willstätter Str. 11 12489 Berlin Germany
| | - Natalia Dubrovinskaia
- Material Physics and Technology at Extreme Conditions Laboratory of Crystallography University of Bayreuth Universitätstraße 30 95440 Bayreuth Germany
| | - Leonid Dubrovinsky
- Bayerisches Geoinstitut University of Bayreuth Universitätstraße 30 95440 Bayreuth Germany
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44
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Li X, Peng F. Predicted superhard phases of Zr-B compounds under pressure. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:15609-15614. [PMID: 31268440 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp01775e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Boron-rich zirconium borides are potential candidates for superhard or multifunctional materials with excellent physical properties. Using first-principle methods with structure searching, various stoichiometric zirconium-boron compounds have been investigated under pressure. Four unexpected phases of Pmmm-ZrB, C2/m-ZrB3, Cmcm-ZrB6, Amm2-ZrB6 are uncovered. Structurally, the B-B bonding patterns evolve from zig-zag chains to triple graphite-like layers with the increase in B content. The three-dimensional covalent bonding networks of Zr-B and B-B were unraveled due to the observation of charge localization between B-B and B-Zr by electronic localization function analysis and crystal orbital Hamilton population. Interestingly, the predicted Cmcm and Amm2 phases for ZrB6 can be experimentally synthesized at moderate pressures and quenching can recover these products to ambient conditions as potential superhard materials due to their Vickers hardness beyond 40 GPa. Our work provides a key perspective toward the understanding of novel chemical bonding in B-rich transition metals compounds and gives direction for the experimental synthesis of superhard materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Li
- College of Physics and Electronic Information & Henan Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Transformation and Detection, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471934, China.
| | - Feng Peng
- College of Physics and Electronic Information & Henan Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Transformation and Detection, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471934, China.
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Liu Z, Li D, Liu Y, Cui T, Tian F, Duan D. Metallic and anti-metallic properties of strongly covalently bonded energetic AlN 5 nitrides. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:12029-12035. [PMID: 31135804 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp01723b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
High pressure can stimulate numerous novel physical effects which are not observed under ambient conditions, such as the electronic redistribution and delocalization phenomenon in strongly covalently bonded nitrides. Through first principles simulations, we report a new N-rich aluminum nitride AlN5, which crystallizes with the space group P1[combining macron] at 20 GPa and then transforms into the I4[combining macron]2d phase at 60 GPa. We have identified and proved the delocalization effects of π electrons in the strongly covalent Lewis poly-nitrogen structure via the one-dimensional particle in a box mechanism, which contributes to the metallization and stability of the system. This implies that not all strongly covalently bonded systems with highly localized electrons exhibit nonmetallic properties in III-V main group nitrides. Furthermore, pressure results in the hybridization configuration mutation from sp2 in the P1[combining macron] phase to a mixture of sp2 and sp3 hybridization in the I4[combining macron]2d phase, which leads to phase transition from metal to insulator. With increasing pressure, the band gap increases abnormally, exhibiting anti-metallization induced by the strong hybridization. Interestingly, the P1[combining macron] and I4[combining macron]2d structures are simultaneously accompanied by a high energy density and hardness, which enable them to have a greater ability to resist elasticity, plastic deformation and external force destruction in potential applications. Their energy density and hardness are up to 3.29 kJ g-1 and 15.2 GPa in the P1[combining macron] phase but especially 6.14 kJ g-1 and 31.7 GPa in the I4[combining macron]2d phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, People's Republic of China.
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Meyer B, Barthel S, Mace A, Vannay L, Guillot B, Smit B, Corminboeuf C. DORI Reveals the Influence of Noncovalent Interactions on Covalent Bonding Patterns in Molecular Crystals Under Pressure. J Phys Chem Lett 2019; 10:1482-1488. [PMID: 30865472 PMCID: PMC6452419 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b00220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The study of organic molecular crystals under high pressure provides fundamental insight into crystal packing distortions and reveals mechanisms of phase transitions and the crystallization of polymorphs. These solid-state transformations can be monitored directly by analyzing electron charge densities that are experimentally obtained at high pressure. However, restricting the analysis to the featureless electron density does not reveal the chemical bonding nature and the existence of intermolecular interactions. This shortcoming can be resolved by the use of the DORI (density overlap region indicator) descriptor, which is capable of simultaneously detecting both covalent patterns and noncovalent interactions from electron density and its derivatives. Using the biscarbonyl[14]annulene crystal under pressure as an example, we demonstrate how DORI can be exploited on experimental electron densities to reveal and monitor changes in electronic structure patterns resulting from molecular compression. A novel approach based on a flood-fill-type algorithm is proposed for analyzing the topology of the DORI isosurface. This approach avoids the arbitrary selection of DORI isovalues and provides an intuitive way to assess how compression packing affects covalent bonding in organic solids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Meyer
- Laboratory
for Computational Molecular Design (LCMD), Institute of Chemical Sciences
and Engineering (ISIC), École Polytechnique
Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- National
Center for Computational Design and Discovery of Novel Materials (MARVEL), École Polytechnique Fédérale
de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Senja Barthel
- National
Center for Computational Design and Discovery of Novel Materials (MARVEL), École Polytechnique Fédérale
de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Laboratory
of Molecular Simulation (LSMO), Institute of Chemical Sciences and
Engineering (ISIC), École Polytechnique
Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL Valais), CH-1951 Sion, Switzerland
| | - Amber Mace
- National
Center for Computational Design and Discovery of Novel Materials (MARVEL), École Polytechnique Fédérale
de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Laboratory
of Molecular Simulation (LSMO), Institute of Chemical Sciences and
Engineering (ISIC), École Polytechnique
Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL Valais), CH-1951 Sion, Switzerland
- Department
of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Laurent Vannay
- Laboratory
for Computational Molecular Design (LCMD), Institute of Chemical Sciences
and Engineering (ISIC), École Polytechnique
Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Benoit Guillot
- Laboratoire
CRM2, UMR 7036, Université de Lorraine, F-54506 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Berend Smit
- National
Center for Computational Design and Discovery of Novel Materials (MARVEL), École Polytechnique Fédérale
de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Laboratory
of Molecular Simulation (LSMO), Institute of Chemical Sciences and
Engineering (ISIC), École Polytechnique
Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL Valais), CH-1951 Sion, Switzerland
| | - Clémence Corminboeuf
- Laboratory
for Computational Molecular Design (LCMD), Institute of Chemical Sciences
and Engineering (ISIC), École Polytechnique
Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- National
Center for Computational Design and Discovery of Novel Materials (MARVEL), École Polytechnique Fédérale
de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- E-mail: . Tel: +41 (0)21 693 93 57. Fax: +41 (0)21 693
97 00
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Tan B, Li H, Huang H, Han Y, Li J, Li M, Long X. Large π-π separation energies of some energetic compounds. Chem Phys 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2019.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Wang W, Wang H, Liu Y, Li D, Tian F, Duan D, Yu H, Cui T. High-Pressure Bonding Mechanism of Selenium Nitrides. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:2397-2402. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b02889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Han Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Yue Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Da Li
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Fubo Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Defang Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Hongyu Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Tian Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
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Huang H, Zhong J, Ma L, Lv L, Francisco JS, Zeng XC. Reconciling the Debate on the Existence of Pentazole HN5 in the Pentazolate Salt of (N5)6(H3O)3(NH4)4Cl. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:2984-2989. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b11335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Huisheng Huang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Inorganic Special Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangtze Normal University, Chongqing 408100, China
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
| | - Jie Zhong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
| | - Liang Ma
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
| | - Liping Lv
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Inorganic Special Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangtze Normal University, Chongqing 408100, China
| | - Joseph S. Francisco
- Department of Earth and Environmental Science and Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Xiao Cheng Zeng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
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