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Abstract
Anisotropic heterostructures of colloidal nanocrystals embed size-, shape-, and composition-dependent electronic structure within variable three-dimensional morphology, enabling intricate design of solution-processable materials with high performance and programmable functionality. The key to designing and synthesizing such complex materials lies in understanding the fundamental thermodynamic and kinetic factors that govern nanocrystal growth. In this review, nanorod heterostructures, the simplest of anisotropic nanocrystal heterostructures, are discussed with respect to their growth mechanisms. The effects of crystal structure, surface faceting/energies, lattice strain, ligand sterics, precursor reactivity, and reaction temperature on the growth of nanorod heterostructures through heteroepitaxy and cation exchange reactions are explored with currently known examples. Understanding the role of various thermodynamic and kinetic parameters enables the controlled synthesis of complex nanorod heterostructures that can exhibit unique tailored properties. Selected application prospects arising from such capabilities are then discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gryphon A Drake
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801 United States
| | - Logan P Keating
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801 United States
| | - Moonsub Shim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801 United States
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2
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Keating L, Shim M. Mechanism of morphology variations in colloidal CuGaS 2 nanorods. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2021; 3:5322-5331. [PMID: 36132637 PMCID: PMC9419053 DOI: 10.1039/d1na00434d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Cu2-x S nanocrystals can serve as templates and intermediates in the synthesis of a wide range of nanocrystals through seeded growth, cation exchange, and/or catalytic growth. This versatility can facilitate and accelerate the search for environmentally benign nanocrystals of high performance with variable shapes, sizes, and composition. However, expanding the compositional space via Cu2-x S nanocrystals while achieving necessary uniformity requires an improved understanding of the growth mechanisms. Herein we address several unusual and previously unexplained aspects of the growth of CuGaS2 nanorods from Cu2-x S seeds as an example. In particular, we address the origin of the diverse morphologies which manifest from a relatively homogeneous starting mixture. We find that CuGaS2 nanorods start as Cu2-x S/CuGaS2 Janus particles, the majority of which have a {101̄2}/{101̄2} interface that helps to minimize lattice strain. We propose a mechanism that involves concurrent seed growth and cation exchange (CSC), where epitaxial growth of the Cu2-x S seed, rather than the anticipated catalytic or seeded growth of CuGaS2, occurs along with cation exchange that converts growing Cu2-x S to CuGaS2. This mechanism can explain the incorporation of the large number of anions needed to account for the order-of-magnitude volume increase upon CuGaS2 rod growth (which cannot be accounted for by the commonly assumed catalytic growth mechanism) and variations in morphology, including the pervasive tapering and growth direction change. Insights from the CSC growth mechanism also help to explain a previously puzzling phenomenon of regioselective nucleation of CuInSe2 on kinked CuGaS2 nanorods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Logan Keating
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois Urbana Illinois 61801 USA
| | - Moonsub Shim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois Urbana Illinois 61801 USA
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Wang J, Li L, Yu H, Guan F, Wang D. Binary–Ternary Bi2S3–AgBiS2 Rod-to-Rod Transformation via Anisotropic Partial Cation Exchange Reaction. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:12998-13006. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b01917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Stroyuk O, Raevskaya A, Gaponik N. Solar light harvesting with multinary metal chalcogenide nanocrystals. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 47:5354-5422. [PMID: 29799031 DOI: 10.1039/c8cs00029h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The paper reviews the state of the art in the synthesis of multinary (ternary, quaternary and more complex) metal chalcogenide nanocrystals (NCs) and their applications as a light absorbing or an auxiliary component of light-harvesting systems. This includes solid-state and liquid-junction solar cells and photocatalytic/photoelectrochemical systems designed for the conversion of solar light into the electric current or the accumulation of solar energy in the form of products of various chemical reactions. The review discusses general aspects of the light absorption and photophysical properties of multinary metal chalcogenide NCs, the modern state of the synthetic strategies applied to produce the multinary metal chalcogenide NCs and related nanoheterostructures, and recent achievements in the metal chalcogenide NC-based solar cells and the photocatalytic/photoelectrochemical systems. The review is concluded by an outlook with a critical discussion of the most promising ways and challenging aspects of further progress in the metal chalcogenide NC-based solar photovoltaics and photochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleksandr Stroyuk
- L.V. Pysarzhevsky Institute of Physical Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 03028 Kyiv, Ukraine.
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Sahu P, Prusty G, Guria AK, Pradhan N. Modulated Triple-Material Nano-Heterostructures: Where Gold Influenced the Chemical Activity of Silver in Nanocrystals. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2018; 14:e1801598. [PMID: 30024098 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201801598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Revised: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
For efficient charge separations, multimaterial hetero-nanostructures are being extensively studied as photocatalysts. While materials with one heterojunction are widely established, the chemistry of formation of multijunction heterostructures is not explored. This needs a more sophisticated approach and modulations. To achieve these, a generic multistep seed mediated growth following controlled ion diffusion and ion exchange is reported which successfully leads to triple-material hetero-nanostructures with bimetallic-binary alloy-binary/ternary semiconductors arrangements. Ag2 S nanocrystals are used as primary seeds for obtaining AuAg-AuAgS bimetallic-binary alloyed metal-semiconductor heterostructures via partial reduction of Ag(I) using Au(III) ions. These are again explored as secondary seeds for obtaining a series of triple-materials heterostructures, AuAg-AuAgS-CdS (or ZnS or AgInS2 ), with introduction of different divalent and trivalent ions. Chemistry of each step of the gold ion-induced changes in the rate of diffusion and/or ion exchanges are investigated and the formation mechanism for these nearly monodisperse triple material heterostructures are proposed. Reactions without gold are also performed, and the change in the reaction chemistry and growth mechanism in presence of Au is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puspanjali Sahu
- Department of Materials Science, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700032, India
| | - Gyanaranjan Prusty
- Department of Materials Science, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700032, India
| | - Amit K Guria
- Department of Materials Science, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700032, India
| | - Narayan Pradhan
- Department of Materials Science, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700032, India
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Bera S, Dutta A, Mutyala S, Ghosh D, Pradhan N. Predominated Thermodynamically Controlled Reactions for Suppressing Cross Nucleations in Formation of Multinary Substituted Tetrahedrite Nanocrystals. J Phys Chem Lett 2018; 9:1907-1912. [PMID: 29584942 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b00680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Group I-II-V-VI semiconducting Cu12- xM xSb4S13 (M = ZnII, CdII, MnII and CuII) substituted tetrahedrite nanostructures remain a new class of multinary materials that have not been widely explored yet. Having different ions, the formation process of these nanostructures always has the possibility of formation of cross nucleations. Minimizing the reaction time, herein, a predominantly thermodynamic control approach is reported, which decouples the quaternary nucleations from their possible cross nucleations. As a consequence, possible cross nucleations were prevented and a series of nearly monodisperse intriguing substituted tetrahedrite nanostructures were formed. The possible LaMer plot for the single- and multimaterial nucleations is also proposed. Further, bandgaps of all of these new materials are calculated, and preliminarily, the applicability of these materials is tested for photoelectrochemical water splitting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suman Bera
- Department of Materials Science , Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science , Kolkata 700032 , India
| | - Anirban Dutta
- Department of Materials Science , Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science , Kolkata 700032 , India
| | - Sankararao Mutyala
- Department of Materials Science , Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science , Kolkata 700032 , India
| | - Dibyendu Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Science Education and Research , Kolkata 700064 , India
| | - Narayan Pradhan
- Department of Materials Science , Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science , Kolkata 700032 , India
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Chen B, Pradhan N, Zhong H. From Large-Scale Synthesis to Lighting Device Applications of Ternary I-III-VI Semiconductor Nanocrystals: Inspiring Greener Material Emitters. J Phys Chem Lett 2018; 9:435-445. [PMID: 29303589 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.7b03037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Quantum dots with fabulous size-dependent and color-tunable emissions remained as one of the most exciting inventories in nanomaterials for the last 3 decades. Even though a large number of such dot nanocrystals were developed, CdSe still remained as unbeatable and highly trusted lighting nanocrystals. Beyond these, the ternary I-III-VI family of nanocrystals emerged as the most widely accepted greener materials with efficient emissions tunable in visible as well as NIR spectral windows. These bring the high possibility of their implementation as lighting materials acceptable to the community and also to the environment. Keeping these in mind, in this Perspective, the latest developments of ternary I-III-VI nanocrystals from their large-scale synthesis to device applications are presented. Incorporating ZnS, tuning the composition, mixing with other nanocrystals, and doping with Mn ions, light-emitting devices of single color as well as for generating white light emissions are also discussed. In addition, the future prospects of these materials in lighting applications are also proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingkun Chen
- Beijing Engineering Research Centre of Mixed Reality and Advanced Display, School of Optics and Photonics, Beijing Institute of Technology , Beijing 100081, China
| | - Narayan Pradhan
- Department of Materials Science, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science , Kolkata, India 700032
| | - Haizheng Zhong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Nanophotonics and Ultrafine Optoelectronic Systems, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology , Beijing 100081, China
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Prusty G, Guria AK, Mondal I, Dutta A, Pal U, Pradhan N. Modulated Binary-Ternary Dual Semiconductor Heterostructures. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201509701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gyanaranjan Prusty
- Department of Materials Science and Centre for Advanced Materials; Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science; Kolkata 700032 India
| | - Amit K. Guria
- Department of Materials Science and Centre for Advanced Materials; Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science; Kolkata 700032 India
| | - Indranil Mondal
- Chemistry and Biomimetics Group; CSIR-Central Mechanical Engineering Research Institute; M.G Avenue Durgapur- 713209 India
| | - Anirban Dutta
- Department of Materials Science and Centre for Advanced Materials; Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science; Kolkata 700032 India
| | - Ujjwal Pal
- Chemistry and Biomimetics Group; CSIR-Central Mechanical Engineering Research Institute; M.G Avenue Durgapur- 713209 India
| | - Narayan Pradhan
- Department of Materials Science and Centre for Advanced Materials; Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science; Kolkata 700032 India
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9
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Prusty G, Guria AK, Mondal I, Dutta A, Pal U, Pradhan N. Modulated Binary-Ternary Dual Semiconductor Heterostructures. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:2705-8. [PMID: 26800297 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201509701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Revised: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A generic modular synthetic strategy for the fabrication of a series of binary-ternary group II-VI and group I-III-VI coupled semiconductor nano-heterostructures is reported. Using Ag2 Se nanocrystals first as a catalyst and then as sacrificial seeds, four dual semiconductor heterostructures were designed with similar shapes: CdSe-AgInSe2 , CdSe-AgGaSe2 , ZnSe-AgInSe2 , and ZnSe-AgGaSe2 . Among these, dispersive type-II heterostructures are further explored for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution from water and these are observed to be superior catalysts than the binary or ternary semi-conductors. Details of the chemistry of this modular synthesis have been studied and the photophysical processes involved in catalysis are investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyanaranjan Prusty
- Department of Materials Science and Centre for Advanced Materials, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Amit K Guria
- Department of Materials Science and Centre for Advanced Materials, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Indranil Mondal
- Chemistry and Biomimetics Group, CSIR-Central Mechanical Engineering Research Institute, M.G Avenue, Durgapur-, 713209, India
| | - Anirban Dutta
- Department of Materials Science and Centre for Advanced Materials, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Ujjwal Pal
- Chemistry and Biomimetics Group, CSIR-Central Mechanical Engineering Research Institute, M.G Avenue, Durgapur-, 713209, India
| | - Narayan Pradhan
- Department of Materials Science and Centre for Advanced Materials, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata, 700032, India.
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Guria AK, Prusty G, Chacrabarty S, Pradhan N. Fixed Aspect Ratio Rod-to-Rod Conversion and Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance in Semiconducting I-V-VI Nanorods. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2016; 28:447-453. [PMID: 26584459 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201504377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Revised: 10/04/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Fixed-aspect-ratio rod-to-rod conversion of binary V-VI Sb2 Se3 to ternary I-V-VI Cu3 SbSe3 semiconducting nano structures is reported. Capturing the inter mediate products, the insight mechanisms of the ion-diffusion process for the structural transformation are established. The final ternary structure shows localized surface plasmonresonance-induced absorption in the near-infrared regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit K Guria
- Department of Materials Science and Centre for Advanced Materials, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Gyanaranjan Prusty
- Department of Materials Science and Centre for Advanced Materials, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Supriya Chacrabarty
- Department of Materials Science and Centre for Advanced Materials, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Narayan Pradhan
- Department of Materials Science and Centre for Advanced Materials, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata, 700032, India
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Bai T, Xing S, Li C, Shi Z, Feng S. Phase-controlled synthesis of orthorhombic and tetragonal AgGaSe2 nanocrystals with high quality. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:8581-4. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cc04358e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Orthorhombic AgGaSe2 nanocrystals with high quality have been successfully synthesized for the first time, and their crystalline phase could be tuned by adjusting the reaction conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyu Bai
- College of Medical Laboratory
- Dalian Medical University
- Dalian 116044
- P. R. China
| | - Shanghua Xing
- Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry
- College of Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- P. R. China
| | - Chunguang Li
- Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry
- College of Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- P. R. China
| | - Zhan Shi
- Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry
- College of Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- P. R. China
| | - Shouhua Feng
- Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry
- College of Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- P. R. China
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