1
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Sun Y, Mao L, Yang T, Zhang H, Shi J, Tan Q, Li F, Zeng P, Gong J, Liu Z, Liu M. Ionic Liquid Modified Polymer Intermediate Layer for Improved Charge Extraction toward Efficient and Stable Perovskite/Silicon Tandem Solar Cells. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2308553. [PMID: 38100299 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202308553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Monolithic perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells have been attracted much attention in recent years. Despite their high performances, the stability issue of perovskite-based devices is recognized as one of the key challenges to realize industrial application. When comes to the perovskite top subcell, the interface between perovskite and electron transporting layers (usually C60) significantly affects the device efficiency as well as the stability due to their poor adhesion. Here, different from the conventional interfacial passivation using metal fluorides, a hybrid intermediate layer is proposed-PMMA functionalized with ionic liquid (IL)-is introduced at the perovskite/C60 interface. The application of PMMA essentially improves the interfacial stability due to its strong hydrophobicity, while adding IL relieves the charge accumulation between PMMA and the perovskite. Thus, an optimal wide-bandgap perovskite solar cells achieves power conversion efficiency of 20.62%. These cells are further integrated as top subcells with silicon bottom cells in a monolithic tandem structure, presenting an optimized PCE up to 27.51%. More importantly, such monolithic perovskite/silicon cells exhibit superior stability by maintaining 90% of initial efficiency after 1200 h under continuous illumination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinqing Sun
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, P. R. China
| | - Lin Mao
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, P. R. China
| | - Tian Yang
- Sichuan Research Center of New Materials, Institute of Chemical Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Chengdu, 610200, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, P. R. China
| | - Jianhua Shi
- Research Center for New Energy Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology (SIMIT), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai, 200050, P. R. China
| | - Qichuan Tan
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, P. R. China
| | - Faming Li
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, P. R. China
| | - Peng Zeng
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, P. R. China
| | - Jue Gong
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, P. R. China
| | - Zhengxin Liu
- Research Center for New Energy Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology (SIMIT), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai, 200050, P. R. China
| | - Mingzhen Liu
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China
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2
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Chen X, Pasanen HP, Khan R, Tkachenko NV, Janáky C, Samu GF. Effect of Single-Crystal TiO 2/Perovskite Band Alignment on the Kinetics of Electron Extraction. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:2057-2065. [PMID: 38357864 PMCID: PMC10895670 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c03536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
The kinetics of electron extraction at the electron transfer layer/perovskite interface strongly affects the efficiency of a perovskite solar cell. By combining transient absorption and time-resolved photoluminescence spectroscopy, the electron extraction process between FA0.83Cs0.17Pb(I0.83Br0.17)3 and TiO2 single crystals with different orientations of (100), (110), and (111) were probed from subpicosecond to several hundred nanoseconds. It was revealed that the band alignment between the constituents influenced the relative electron extraction process. TiO2(100) showed the fastest overall and hot electron transfer, owing to the largest conduction band and Fermi level offset compared to FA0.83Cs0.17Pb(I0.83Br0.17)3. It was found that an early electron accumulation in these systems can have an influence on the following electron extraction on the several nanosecond time scale. Furthermore, the existence of a potential barrier at the TiO2/perovskite interface was also revealed by performing excitation fluence-dependent measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangtian Chen
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Materials Science, Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, University of Szeged, Aradi Square 1, Szeged H-6720, Hungary
| | - Hannu P Pasanen
- Photonic Compounds and Nanomaterials, Chemistry and Advanced Material Group, Tampere University, Tampere FI-33720, Finland
| | - Ramsha Khan
- Photonic Compounds and Nanomaterials, Chemistry and Advanced Material Group, Tampere University, Tampere FI-33720, Finland
| | - Nikolai V Tkachenko
- Photonic Compounds and Nanomaterials, Chemistry and Advanced Material Group, Tampere University, Tampere FI-33720, Finland
| | - Csaba Janáky
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Materials Science, Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, University of Szeged, Aradi Square 1, Szeged H-6720, Hungary
- ELI ALPS, ELI-HU Non-Profit Ltd., Wolfgang Sandner street 3., Szeged H-6728, Hungary
| | - Gergely Ferenc Samu
- ELI ALPS, ELI-HU Non-Profit Ltd., Wolfgang Sandner street 3., Szeged H-6728, Hungary
- Department of Molecular and Analytical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm square 7-8, Szeged H-6721, Hungary
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3
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Jiang N, Ma G, Song D, Qiao B, Liang Z, Xu Z, Wageh S, Al-Ghamdi A, Zhao S. Defects in lead halide perovskite light-emitting diodes under electric field: from behavior to passivation strategies. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:3838-3880. [PMID: 38329288 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr06547b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Lead halide perovskites (LHPs) are emerging semiconductor materials for light-emitting diodes (LEDs) owing to their unique structure and superior optoelectronic properties. However, defects that initiate degradation of LHPs through external stimuli and prompt internal ion migration at the interfaces remain a significant challenge. The electric field (EF), which is a fundamental driving force in LED operation, complicates the role of these defects in the physical and chemical properties of LHPs. A deeper understanding of EF-induced defect behavior is crucial for optimizing the LED performance. In this review, the origins and characterization of defects are explored, indicating the influence of EF-induced defect dynamics on LED performance and stability. A comprehensive overview of recent defect passivation approaches for LHP bulk films and nanocrystals (NCs) is also provided. Given the ubiquity of EF, a summary of the EF-induced defect behavior can enhance the performance of perovskite LEDs and related optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Optical Information, Beijing Jiaotong University, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100044, China.
- Institute of Optoelectronics Technology, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Guoquan Ma
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Optical Information, Beijing Jiaotong University, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100044, China.
- Institute of Optoelectronics Technology, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Dandan Song
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Optical Information, Beijing Jiaotong University, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100044, China.
- Institute of Optoelectronics Technology, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Bo Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Optical Information, Beijing Jiaotong University, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100044, China.
- Institute of Optoelectronics Technology, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Zhiqin Liang
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Optical Information, Beijing Jiaotong University, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100044, China.
- Institute of Optoelectronics Technology, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Zheng Xu
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Optical Information, Beijing Jiaotong University, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100044, China.
- Institute of Optoelectronics Technology, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Swelm Wageh
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Al-Ghamdi
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Suling Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Optical Information, Beijing Jiaotong University, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100044, China.
- Institute of Optoelectronics Technology, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, 100044, China
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4
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Tammireddy S, Lintangpradipto MN, Telschow O, Futscher MH, Ehrler B, Bakr OM, Vaynzof Y, Deibel C. Hysteresis and Its Correlation to Ionic Defects in Perovskite Solar Cells. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:1363-1372. [PMID: 38286839 PMCID: PMC10860142 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c03146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
Ion migration has been reported to be one of the main reasons for hysteresis in the current-voltage (J-V) characteristics of perovskite solar cells. We investigate the interplay between ionic conduction and hysteresis types by studying Cs0.05(FA0.83MA0.17)0.95Pb(I0.9Br0.1)3 triple-cation perovskite solar cells through a combination of impedance spectroscopy (IS) and sweep-rate-dependent J-V curves. By comparing polycrystalline devices to single-crystal MAPbI3 devices, we separate two defects, β and γ, both originating from long-range ionic conduction in the bulk. Defect β is associated with a dielectric relaxation, while the migration of γ is influenced by the perovskite/hole transport layer interface. These conduction types are the causes of different types of hysteresis in J-V curves. The accumulation of ionic defects at the transport layer is the dominant cause for observing tunnel-diode-like characteristics in the J-V curves. By comparing devices with interface modifications at the electron and hole transport layers, we discuss the species and polarity of involved defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandhya Tammireddy
- Institut
für Physik, Technische Universität
Chemnitz, 09126 Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Muhammad N. Lintangpradipto
- KAUST
Catalysis Center (KCC), Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering
(PSE), King Abdullah University of Science
and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom
of Saudi Arabia
| | - Oscar Telschow
- Chair
for Emerging Electronic Technologies, Technical
University of Dresden, Nöthnitzer Str. 61, 01187 Dresden, Germany
- Leibniz-Institute
for Solid State and Materials Research Dresden, Helmholtzstraße 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Moritz H. Futscher
- Laboratory
for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa -
Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Bruno Ehrler
- Center
for Nanophotonics, AMOLF, Science Park 104, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Osman M. Bakr
- KAUST
Catalysis Center (KCC), Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering
(PSE), King Abdullah University of Science
and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom
of Saudi Arabia
| | - Yana Vaynzof
- Chair
for Emerging Electronic Technologies, Technical
University of Dresden, Nöthnitzer Str. 61, 01187 Dresden, Germany
- Leibniz-Institute
for Solid State and Materials Research Dresden, Helmholtzstraße 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Carsten Deibel
- Institut
für Physik, Technische Universität
Chemnitz, 09126 Chemnitz, Germany
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5
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Hoang MT, Yang Y, Chiu WH, Yu Y, Pham ND, Moonie P, Koplick A, Tulloch G, Martens W, Wang H. Unraveling the Mechanism of Alkali Metal Fluoride Post-Treatment of SnO 2 for Efficient Planar Perovskite Solar Cells. SMALL METHODS 2024; 8:e2300431. [PMID: 37349857 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202300431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
The facile synthesis and beneficial properties of tin oxide have driven the development of efficient planar perovskite solar cells (PSCs). To increase the PSC performance, alkali salts are used to treat the SnO2 surface to minimize the defect states. However, the underlying mechanism of alkali cations' role in the PSCs needs further exploration. Herein the effect of alkali fluoride salts (KF, RbF, and CsF) on the properties of SnO2 and PSC performance is investigated. The results show different alkali have significant roles depending on their nature. Larger cations Cs+ preferably locate at the SnO2 film surface to passivate surface defects and enhance conductivity, while smaller cations like Rb+ or K+ cations tend to diffuse into the perovskite layer to reduce trap density of the material. The former effect leads to enhanced fill factor while the latter effect increases the open circuit voltage of the device. It is then demonstrated that a dual cation post-treatment of the SnO2 layer with RbF and CsF achieves PSC with a significantly higher power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 21.66% compared to pristine PSC with a PCE of 19.71%. This highlights the significance of defect engineering of SnO2 using selective multiple alkali treatment to improve PSC performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minh Tam Hoang
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Faculty of Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, 4001, Australia
- Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia
| | - Yang Yang
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Faculty of Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, 4001, Australia
- Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia
| | - Wei Hsun Chiu
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Faculty of Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, 4001, Australia
- Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia
| | - Yongyue Yu
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Faculty of Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, 4001, Australia
- Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia
| | | | - Paul Moonie
- Greatcell Australia, Bomen, NSW, 2650, Australia
| | | | | | - Wayde Martens
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Faculty of Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, 4001, Australia
- Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia
| | - Hongxia Wang
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Faculty of Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, 4001, Australia
- Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia
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6
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Mondal S, Chowdhury U, Dey S, Habib M, Mora Perez C, Frauenheim T, Sarkar R, Pal S, Prezhdo OV. Controlling Charge Carrier Dynamics in Porphyrin Nanorings by Optically Active Templates. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:11384-11392. [PMID: 38078872 PMCID: PMC10749466 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c03304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the dynamics of photogenerated charge carriers is essential for enhancing the performance of solar and optoelectronic devices. Using atomistic quantum dynamics simulations, we demonstrate that a short π-conjugated optically active template can be used to control hot carrier relaxation, charge carrier separation, and carrier recombination in light-harvesting porphyrin nanorings. Relaxation of hot holes is slowed by 60% with an optically active template compared to that with an analogous optically inactive template. Both systems exhibit subpicosecond electron transfer from the photoactive core to the templates. Notably, charge recombination is suppressed 6-fold by the optically active template. The atomistic time-domain simulations rationalize these effects by the extent of electron and hole localization, modification of the density of states, participation of distinct vibrational motions, and changes in quantum coherence. Extension of the hot carrier lifetime and reduction of charge carrier recombination, without hampering charge separation, demonstrate a strategy for enhancing efficiencies of energy materials with optically active templates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shrabanti Mondal
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Gour Banga, Malda 732103, India
| | - Uttam Chowdhury
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Gour Banga, Malda 732103, India
| | - Subhajit Dey
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Gour Banga, Malda 732103, India
| | - Md Habib
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Gour Banga, Malda 732103, India
- Department
of Chemistry, Sripat Singh College, Jiaganj 742122, India
| | - Carlos Mora Perez
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Thomas Frauenheim
- Bremen
Center
for Computational Materials Science, Universität
Bremen, Bremen 28359, Germany
- Beijing
Computational Science Research Center, Beijing 100193, China
- Shenzhen
JL Computational Science and Applied Research Institute, Shenzhen 518109, China
| | - Ritabrata Sarkar
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Gour Banga, Malda 732103, India
- Bremen
Center
for Computational Materials Science, Universität
Bremen, Bremen 28359, Germany
| | - Sougata Pal
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Gour Banga, Malda 732103, India
| | - Oleg V. Prezhdo
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, University of
Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
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7
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Hidalgo J, An Y, Yehorova D, Li R, Breternitz J, Perini CA, Hoell A, Boix PP, Schorr S, Kretchmer JS, Correa-Baena JP. Solvent and A-Site Cation Control Preferred Crystallographic Orientation in Bromine-Based Perovskite Thin Films. CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS : A PUBLICATION OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2023; 35:4181-4191. [PMID: 37332682 PMCID: PMC10269330 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.3c00075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Preferred crystallographic orientation in polycrystalline films is desirable for efficient charge carrier transport in metal halide perovskites and semiconductors. However, the mechanisms that determine the preferred orientation of halide perovskites are still not well understood. In this work, we investigate crystallographic orientation in lead bromide perovskites. We show that the solvent of the precursor solution and organic A-site cation strongly affect the preferred orientation of the deposited perovskite thin films. Specifically, we show that the solvent, dimethylsulfoxide, influences the early stages of crystallization and induces preferred orientation in the deposited films by preventing colloidal particle interactions. Additionally, the methylammonium A-site cation induces a higher degree of preferred orientation than the formamidinium counterpart. We use density functional theory to show that the lower surface energy of the (100) plane facets in methylammonium-based perovskites, compared to the (110) planes, is the reason for the higher degree of preferred orientation. In contrast, the surface energy of the (100) and (110) facets is similar for formamidinium-based perovskites, leading to lower degree of preferred orientation. Furthermore, we show that different A-site cations do not significantly affect ion diffusion in bromine-based perovskite solar cells but impact ion density and accumulation, leading to increased hysteresis. Our work highlights the interplay between the solvent and organic A-site cation which determine crystallographic orientation and plays a critical role in the electronic properties and ionic migration of solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanita Hidalgo
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia
Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Yu An
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia
Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Dariia Yehorova
- School
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute
of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Ruipeng Li
- National
Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Lab, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Joachim Breternitz
- Department
of Structure and Dynamics of Energy Materials, Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109 Berlin, Germany
| | - Carlo A.R. Perini
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia
Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Armin Hoell
- Department
of Structure and Dynamics of Energy Materials, Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109 Berlin, Germany
| | - Pablo P. Boix
- Institut
de Ciència dels Materials, Universidad
de València, C/J. Beltran 2, Paterna 46980 Valencia, Spain
| | - Susan Schorr
- Department
of Structure and Dynamics of Energy Materials, Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109 Berlin, Germany
- Freie Universitaet
Berlin, Institute of Geological Sciences, Malteser Str. 74-200, 12249 Berlin, Germany
| | - Joshua S. Kretchmer
- School
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute
of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Juan-Pablo Correa-Baena
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia
Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
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8
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Yekani R, Chiu HC, Strandell D, Wang Z, Bessette S, Gauvin R, Kambhampati P, Demopoulos GP. Correlation between hysteresis dynamics and inductance in hybrid perovskite solar cells: studying the dependency on ETL/perovskite interfaces. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:2152-2161. [PMID: 36648300 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr05836g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In this study, to elucidate the origin of inductance and its relationship with the phenomenon of hysteresis in hybrid perovskite solar cells (PSCs), two electron transport layer (ETL) structures have been utilized: (a) rutile titania nanorods grown over anatase titania (AR) and (b) anatase titania covering the rutile titania nanorods (RA). The rutile and anatase phases are prepared via hydrothermal synthesis and spray pyrolysis, respectively. PSCs based on an ETL with an RA structure attain higher short-circuit current density (JSC) and open-circuit voltage (VOC) while showing a slightly lower fill factor (FF) compared with their AR counterparts. Using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements, we show that the ETL plays a major role in setting the tone for ionic migration speed and consequent accumulation. Moreover, we consider the conductivity of transport layers as a determining factor in not only giving rise to inductive features but also dictating the bias region under which recombination takes place, ultimately influencing hysteresis locus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rana Yekani
- Materials Engineering Department, McGill University, 3610 University Street, H3A 0C5 Montreal, Canada.
| | - Hsien-Chieh Chiu
- Materials Engineering Department, McGill University, 3610 University Street, H3A 0C5 Montreal, Canada.
| | - Dallas Strandell
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street, H3A 0B8 Montreal, Canada
| | - Zhuoran Wang
- ICFO - The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Avinguda Carl Friedrich Gauss, 3, 08860 Castelldefels, Spain
| | - Stéphanie Bessette
- Materials Engineering Department, McGill University, 3610 University Street, H3A 0C5 Montreal, Canada.
| | - Raynald Gauvin
- Materials Engineering Department, McGill University, 3610 University Street, H3A 0C5 Montreal, Canada.
| | - Patanjali Kambhampati
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street, H3A 0B8 Montreal, Canada
| | - George P Demopoulos
- Materials Engineering Department, McGill University, 3610 University Street, H3A 0C5 Montreal, Canada.
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9
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Suppressing non-radiative recombination in metal halide perovskite solar cells by synergistic effect of ferroelasticity. Nat Commun 2023; 14:256. [PMID: 36650201 PMCID: PMC9845300 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-35837-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The low fraction of non-radiative recombination established the foundation of metal halide perovskite solar cells. However, the origin of low non-radiative recombination in metal halide perovskite materials is still not well-understood. Herein, we find that the non-radiative recombination in twinning-tetragonal phase methylammonium lead halide (MAPbIxCl3-x) is apparently suppressed by applying an electric field, which leads to a remarkable increase of the open-circuit voltage from 1.12 V to 1.26 V. Possible effects of ionic migration and light soaking on the open-circuit voltage enhancement are excluded experimentally by control experiments. Microscopic and macroscopic characterizations reveal an excellent correlation between the ferroelastic lattice deformation and the suppression of non-radiative recombination. The calculation result suggests the existence of lattice polarization in self-stabilizable deformed domain walls, indicating the charge separation that facilitated by lattice polarization is accountable for the suppressed non-radiative recombination. This work provides an understanding of the excellent performance of metal halide perovskite solar cells.
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10
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Zhang H, Tian Q, Gu X, Zhang S, Wang Z, Zuo X, Liu Y, Zhao K, Liu SF. Synchronous Surface Reconstruction and Defect Passivation for High-Performance Inorganic Perovskite Solar Cells. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2202690. [PMID: 35859526 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202202690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The nonradiative charge recombination caused by surface defects and inferior crystalline quality are major roadblocks to further enhancing the performance of CsPbI3- x Brx perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Theoretical calculations indicate that sodium diethyldithiocarbamate (NaDDTC), a popular bacteriostatic benign material, can initiate multiple interactions with the CsPbI3- x Brx perovskite surface to effectively passivate the defects. The experimental results reveal that the NaDDTC can indeed passivate the electron trap states and lock active sites for charge traps and water adsorption. In addition, it is found that a solid-state reaction is triggered for perovskite crystal regrowth by the NaDDTC post-treatment, which not only enlarges grain size for reducing the density of grain boundary defects but also compensates some surface defects induced by the primary film growth. Consequently, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the CsPbI3- x Brx PSC is increased to as high as 20.40%, with significant improvement in fill factor and open-circuit voltage (VOC ), making it one of the highest for this type of solar cell. Furthermore, the optimized devices exhibit better environmental stability. Overall, this robust synchronous strategy provides efficient surface reconstruction and defect passivation for achieving both high PCE and stable inorganic perovskite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices, Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, No. 620, West Chang'an Avenue, Xi'an, 710119, P. R. China
| | - Qingwen Tian
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices, Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, No. 620, West Chang'an Avenue, Xi'an, 710119, P. R. China
| | - Xiaojing Gu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices, Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, No. 620, West Chang'an Avenue, Xi'an, 710119, P. R. China
| | - Shiang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices, Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, No. 620, West Chang'an Avenue, Xi'an, 710119, P. R. China
| | - Zhiteng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices, Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, No. 620, West Chang'an Avenue, Xi'an, 710119, P. R. China
| | - Xuejiao Zuo
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices, Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, No. 620, West Chang'an Avenue, Xi'an, 710119, P. R. China
| | - Yali Liu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices, Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, No. 620, West Chang'an Avenue, Xi'an, 710119, P. R. China
| | - Kui Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices, Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, No. 620, West Chang'an Avenue, Xi'an, 710119, P. R. China
| | - Shengzhong Frank Liu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices, Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, No. 620, West Chang'an Avenue, Xi'an, 710119, P. R. China
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, iChEM, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 457, Zhongshan Road, Dalian, Liaoning, 116023, P. R. China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, P. R. China
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11
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Alkhalifah G, Marshall AD, Rudayni F, Wanigasekara S, Wu JZ, Chan WL. Defect-Polaron and Enormous Light-Induced Fermi-Level Shift at Halide Perovskite Surface. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:6711-6720. [PMID: 35849072 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c01940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Halide perovskites intrinsically contain a large amount of point defects. The interaction of these defects with photocarriers, photons, and lattice distortion remains a complex and unresolved issue. We found that for halide perovskite films with excess halide vacancies, the Fermi level can be shifted by as much as 0.7 eV upon light illumination. These defects can trap photocarriers for hours after the light illumination is turned off. The enormous light-induced Fermi level shift and the prolonged electron trapping are explained by the capturing of photocarriers by halide vacancies at the surface of the perovskite film. The formation of this defect-photocarrier complex can result in lattice deformation and an energy shift in the defect state. The whole process is akin to polaron formation at a defect site. Our data also suggest that these trapped carriers increase the electrical polarizability of the lattice, presumably by enhancing the defect migration rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghadah Alkhalifah
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
- Department of Physics, College of Science, King Faisal University (KFU), Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Angelo D Marshall
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
| | - Fatimah Rudayni
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
- Department of Physics, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shanika Wanigasekara
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
| | - Judy Z Wu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
| | - Wai-Lun Chan
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
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12
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Don MF, Ekanayake P, Jennings JR, Nakajima H, Lim CM. Graphite/Carbon Black Counter Electrode Deposition Methods to Improve the Efficiency and Stability of Hole-Transport-Layer-Free Perovskite Solar Cells. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:22830-22838. [PMID: 35811920 PMCID: PMC9260948 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c02555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The interfacial compatibility between the graphite/carbon black composite counter electrode (Gr/CB CE) and the perovskite layer is a crucial determinant of the performance of the hole-transport-layer-free carbon-based perovskite solar cells, and judicious selection of the Gr/CB CE application method is essential for achieving an optimum contact. In this work, three different types of Gr/CB CEs application methods are investigated: (1) deposition of Gr/CB on the fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) substrate, followed by clamping to the perovskite layer, (2) direct deposition of Gr/CB onto the perovskite layer, and (3) deposition of Gr/CB onto the PbI2 precursor layer, followed by immersion in methylammonium iodide solution for the in situ conversion of PbI2 to perovskite. The results revealed that Method 3 produced superior Gr/CB-perovskite contacts, resulting in up to 8.81% power conversion efficiency. The devices prepared using Method 3 also exhibited the best stability in the air, retaining 71.1% of their original efficiency after 1600 h of continuous testing. These results demonstrate that Gr/CB CEs can be considered excellent alternatives to the costly noble metals often employed in perovskite solar cells (PSCs) when deposited using a suitable technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muna Fathiah Don
- Faculty
of Science, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Link, Gadong BE 1410, Brunei Darussalam
| | - Piyasiri Ekanayake
- Faculty
of Science, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Link, Gadong BE 1410, Brunei Darussalam
- Optoelectronic
Device Research Group, Universiti Brunei
Darussalam, Jalan Tungku
Link, Gadong BE 1410, Brunei Darussalam
| | - James Robert Jennings
- Faculty
of Science, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Link, Gadong BE 1410, Brunei Darussalam
- Optoelectronic
Device Research Group, Universiti Brunei
Darussalam, Jalan Tungku
Link, Gadong BE 1410, Brunei Darussalam
| | - Hideki Nakajima
- Synchrotron
Light Research Institute, 111 University Avenue, Muang District, Nakhon
Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
| | - Chee Ming Lim
- Centre
for Advanced Material and Energy Sciences, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Link, Gadong BE 1410, Brunei Darussalam
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13
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Guo Y, Zhu J, Kou D, Zhou W, Zhou Z, Yuan S, Qi Y, Meng Y, Han L, Zheng Z, Wu S. Plasmonic Local Electric Field-Enhanced Interface toward High-Efficiency Cu 2ZnSn(S,Se) 4 Thin-Film Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:26690-26698. [PMID: 35653219 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c04027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The kesterite Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 (CZTSSe) solar cells have shown a continuous rise in power conversion efficiencies in the past years. However, the encountered interfacial problems with respect to charge recombination and extraction losses at the CdS/CZTSSe heterojunction still hinder their further development. In this work, an additional plasmonic local electric field is imposed into the CdS/CZTSSe interface through the electrostatic assembly of a two-dimensional (2D) ordered Au@SiO2 NP array onto an aminosilane-modified surface absorber. The interfacial electric properties are tuned by controlling the coverage particle distance, and the finite-difference time domain (FDTD) simulation demonstrates that the strong near-field enhancement mainly occurs near the p-n junction interface. It is shown that the imposed local electric field leads to interfacial electrostatic potential (Velec) augmentation and improves the charge extraction and recombination processes. These electric benefits enable remarkable improvements in open-circuit voltage (Voc) and short-circuit current (Jsc), leading to the cell efficiency being increased from 10.19 to 11.50%. This work highlights the dramatic role of the plasmonic local electric field and the use of the 2D Au@SiO2 NP array to modify a surface absorber instead of the extensively used ion passivation, providing a new strategy for p-n junction engineering in kesterite photovoltaics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanping Guo
- Key Lab for Special Functional Materials, Ministry of Education, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for High-Efficiency Display and Lighting Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Nano Functional Materials and Applications, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Jichun Zhu
- Miami College of Henan University, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Dongxing Kou
- Key Lab for Special Functional Materials, Ministry of Education, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for High-Efficiency Display and Lighting Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Nano Functional Materials and Applications, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Wenhui Zhou
- Key Lab for Special Functional Materials, Ministry of Education, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for High-Efficiency Display and Lighting Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Nano Functional Materials and Applications, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Zhengji Zhou
- Key Lab for Special Functional Materials, Ministry of Education, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for High-Efficiency Display and Lighting Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Nano Functional Materials and Applications, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Shengjie Yuan
- Key Lab for Special Functional Materials, Ministry of Education, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for High-Efficiency Display and Lighting Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Nano Functional Materials and Applications, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Yafang Qi
- Key Lab for Special Functional Materials, Ministry of Education, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for High-Efficiency Display and Lighting Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Nano Functional Materials and Applications, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Yuena Meng
- Key Lab for Special Functional Materials, Ministry of Education, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for High-Efficiency Display and Lighting Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Nano Functional Materials and Applications, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Litao Han
- Key Lab for Special Functional Materials, Ministry of Education, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for High-Efficiency Display and Lighting Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Nano Functional Materials and Applications, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Zhi Zheng
- Inst Surface Micro & Nano Mat, Coll Adv Mat & Energy, Key Lab Micronano Energy Storage & Convers Mat He, Xuchang University, Xuchang, Henan 461000, China
| | - Sixin Wu
- Key Lab for Special Functional Materials, Ministry of Education, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for High-Efficiency Display and Lighting Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Nano Functional Materials and Applications, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
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14
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Taukeer Khan M, Khan F, Al-Ahmed A, Ahmad S, Al-Sulaiman F. Evaluating the Capacitive Response in Metal Halide Perovskite Solar Cells. CHEM REC 2022; 22:e202100330. [PMID: 35199444 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202100330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The perovskites solar cells (PSCs) is composed of multifaceted device architecture and involve complex charge extraction (both electronic and ionic), this makes the task demanding to unlock the origin of the different physical process that occurs in a PSC. The capacitance in PSCs depends on several external perturbations including frequency, illumination, temperature, applied bias, and importantly on the interface modification of perovskites/charge selective contact. Arguably, different features including interfacial and bulk; ionic, and electronic charge transport in PSCs occur at different time scales. Capacitance spectroscopy is a prevailing technique to unravel the various physical phenomenon that occurs in a PSC at different time scales. A deeper knowledge of the capacitive response of a PSCs is essential to understand the charge carrier kinetics and unlock the device physics. This work highlights the capacitive response of PSCs and its application to unlock the device physics which is essential for the further optimization and improvement of the device performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Taukeer Khan
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Islamic University of Madinah, Al Jamiah, Madinah, 42351, Saudi Arabia
| | - Firoz Khan
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Renewable Energy and Power Systems (IRC-REPS), Research Institute, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals (KFUPM), Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amir Al-Ahmed
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Renewable Energy and Power Systems (IRC-REPS), Research Institute, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals (KFUPM), Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shahzada Ahmad
- BCMaterials, Basque Center for Materials, Applications and Nanostructures, Bld. Martina Casiano, UPV/EHU Science Park, Barrio Sarriena s/n, 48940, Leioa, Spain.,IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, 48009, Spain
| | - Fahad Al-Sulaiman
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Renewable Energy and Power Systems (IRC-REPS), Research Institute, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals (KFUPM), Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
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15
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Holland M, Ruth A, Mielczarek K, Dhas VV, Berry JJ, Irwin MD. Metal Halide Perovskites Demonstrate Radiation Hardness and Defect Healing in Vacuum. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:9352-9362. [PMID: 35142505 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c24709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we subject formamidinium lead iodide films to oxygen-containing gases (flowing O2 or free diffusion of lab atmosphere), inert gases (flowing He, Ar, or N2), and vacuum. Our films are irradiated by Cu Kα X-rays and held at 75 °C while X-ray diffraction is recorded. Under all gas conditions, we observe a reproducible 1.1 ± 0.5 Å3 perovskite lattice contraction from an initial unit cell volume of 256.5 ± 0.8 Å3 concurrent with continuous perovskite loss and lead iodide growth. Oxygen-containing gases increase the reaction rates without materially altering perovskite structural changes. Under the same temperature and irradiation conditions in vacuo, a self-healing reaction is observed, exhibited by a reproducible (0.9 ± 0.3 Å3) lattice expansion and stabilization of the perovskite. Interactions between the perovskite, defects, and minority phases are simulated by generalized gradient approximation Perdew-Burke-Ernzerhof (GGA-PBE) density functional theory. Lattice contraction indicates an increase in the concentration of Schottky defects─pairs of formamidinium and iodine vacancies. Under irradiation in every atmospheric condition, a solid solution of Schottky defects with a concentration of several percent diffuses and precipitates forming lead iodide and consuming the defects. In the presence of ionized gases, this framework is modified to include the continual loss of formamidinium and iodine ions from the perovskite forming Schottky defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Holland
- CubicPV Inc., 1807 Ross Avenue, Suite 333, Dallas, Texas 75201, United States
| | - Anthony Ruth
- CubicPV Inc., 1807 Ross Avenue, Suite 333, Dallas, Texas 75201, United States
| | - Kamil Mielczarek
- CubicPV Inc., 1807 Ross Avenue, Suite 333, Dallas, Texas 75201, United States
| | - Vivek V Dhas
- CubicPV Inc., 1807 Ross Avenue, Suite 333, Dallas, Texas 75201, United States
| | - Joseph J Berry
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Michael D Irwin
- CubicPV Inc., 1807 Ross Avenue, Suite 333, Dallas, Texas 75201, United States
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16
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Charge Compensation by Iodine Covalent Bonding in Lead Iodide Perovskite Materials. CRYSTALS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst12010088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Metal halide perovskite materials (MHPs) are a family of next-generation semiconductors that are enabling low-cost, high-performance solar cells and optoelectronic devices. The most-used halogen in MHPs, iodine, can supplement its octet by covalent bonding resulting in atomic charges intermediate to I− and I0. Here, we examine theoretically stabilized defects of iodine using density functional theory (DFT); defect formation enthalpies and iodine Bader charges which illustrate how MHPs adapt to stoichiometry changes. Experimentally, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) is used to identify perovskite defects and their relative binding energies, and validate the predicted chemical environments of iodine defects. Examining MHP samples with excess iodine compared with near stoichiometric samples, we discern additional spectral intensity in the I 3d5/2 XPS data arising from defects, and support the presence of iodine trimers. I 3d5/2 defect peak areas reveal a ratio of 2:1, matching the number of atoms at the ends and middle of the trimer, whereas their binding energies agree with calculated Bader charges. Results suggest the iodine trimer is the preferred structural motif for incorporation of excess iodine into the perovskite lattice. Understanding these easily formed photoactive defects and how to identify their presence is essential for stabilizing MHPs against photodecomposition.
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17
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Guerrero A, Bisquert J, Garcia-Belmonte G. Impedance Spectroscopy of Metal Halide Perovskite Solar Cells from the Perspective of Equivalent Circuits. Chem Rev 2021; 121:14430-14484. [PMID: 34845904 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Impedance spectroscopy (IS) provides a detailed understanding of the dynamic phenomena underlying the operation of photovoltaic and optoelectronic devices. Here we provide a broad summary of the application of IS to metal halide perovskite materials, solar cells, electrooptic and memory devices. IS has been widely used to characterize perovskite solar cells, but the variability of samples and the presence of coupled ionic-electronic effects form a complex problem that has not been fully solved yet. We summarize the understanding that has been obtained so far, the basic methods and models, as well as the challenging points still present in this research field. Our approach emphasizes the importance of the equivalent circuit for monitoring the parameters that describe the response and providing a physical interpretation. We discuss the possibilities of models from the general perspective of solar cell behavior, and we describe the specific aspects and properties of the metal halide perovskites. We analyze the impact of the ionic effects and the memory effects, and we describe the combination of light-modulated techniques such as intensity modulated photocurrent spectroscopy (IMPS) for obtaining more detailed information in complex cases. The transformation of the frequency to time domain is discussed for the consistent interpretation of time transient techniques and the prediction of features of current-voltage hysteresis. We discuss in detail the stability issues and the occurrence of transformations of the sample coupled to the measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Guerrero
- Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM), Universitat Jaume I, 12006 Castelló, Spain
| | - Juan Bisquert
- Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM), Universitat Jaume I, 12006 Castelló, Spain.,Yonsei Frontier Lab, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, South Korea
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18
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Kim M, Jun H, Lee H, Nahdi H, Tondelier D, Bonnassieux Y, Bourée J, Geffroy B. Halide Ion Migration and its Role at the Interfaces in Perovskite Solar Cells. Eur J Inorg Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202100654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Minjin Kim
- LPICM, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris Route de Saclay 91128 Palaiseau France
| | - Haeyeon Jun
- LPICM, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris Route de Saclay 91128 Palaiseau France
- Synchrotron SOLEIL L'Orme des Merisiers Saint-Aubin BP 48 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex France
| | - Heejae Lee
- LPICM, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris Route de Saclay 91128 Palaiseau France
| | - Hindia Nahdi
- LPICM, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris Route de Saclay 91128 Palaiseau France
- SEGULA Technologies 19 Rue d'Arras 92000 Nanterre France
| | - Denis Tondelier
- LPICM, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris Route de Saclay 91128 Palaiseau France
| | - Yvan Bonnassieux
- LPICM, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris Route de Saclay 91128 Palaiseau France
| | - Jean‐Éric Bourée
- LPICM, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris Route de Saclay 91128 Palaiseau France
| | - Bernard Geffroy
- LPICM, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris Route de Saclay 91128 Palaiseau France
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, NIMBE, LICSEN 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette France
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19
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Kim D, Muckley ES, Creange N, Wan TH, Ann MH, Quattrocchi E, Vasudevan RK, Kim JH, Ciucci F, Ivanov IN, Kalinin SV, Ahmadi M. Exploring Transport Behavior in Hybrid Perovskites Solar Cells via Machine Learning Analysis of Environmental-Dependent Impedance Spectroscopy. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:e2002510. [PMID: 34155825 PMCID: PMC8336513 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202002510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Hybrid organic-inorganic perovskites are one of the promising candidates for the next-generation semiconductors due to their superlative optoelectronic properties. However, one of the limiting factors for potential applications is their chemical and structural instability in different environments. Herein, the stability of (FAPbI3 )0.85 (MAPbBr3 )0.15 perovskite solar cell is explored in different atmospheres using impedance spectroscopy. An equivalent circuit model and distribution of relaxation times (DRTs) are used to effectively analyze impedance spectra. DRT is further analyzed via machine learning workflow based on the non-negative matrix factorization of reconstructed relaxation time spectra. This exploration provides the interplay of charge transport dynamics and recombination processes under environment stimuli and illumination. The results reveal that in the dark, oxygen atmosphere induces an increased hole concentration with less ionic character while ionic motion is dominant under ambient air. Under 1 Sun illumination, the environment-dependent impedance responses show a more striking effect compared with dark conditions. In this case, the increased transport resistance observed under oxygen atmosphere in equivalent circuit analysis arises due to interruption of photogenerated hole carriers. The results not only shed light on elucidating transport mechanisms of perovskite solar cells in different environments but also offer an effective interpretation of impedance responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dohyung Kim
- Joint Institute for Advanced Materials, Department of Materials Science and EngineeringUniversity of TennesseeKnoxvilleTN37996USA
| | - Eric S. Muckley
- The Center for Nanophase Materials SciencesOak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTN37831USA
| | - Nicole Creange
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringNorth Carolina State UniversityRaleighNC27606USA
| | - Ting Hei Wan
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace EngineeringThe Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyHong Kong
| | - Myung Hyun Ann
- Department of Molecular Science and TechnologyAjou UniversitySuwon16499Republic of Korea
| | - Emanuele Quattrocchi
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace EngineeringThe Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyHong Kong
| | - Rama K. Vasudevan
- The Center for Nanophase Materials SciencesOak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTN37831USA
| | - Jong H. Kim
- Department of Molecular Science and TechnologyAjou UniversitySuwon16499Republic of Korea
| | - Francesco Ciucci
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace EngineeringThe Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyHong Kong
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringThe Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyHong Kong
| | - Ilia N. Ivanov
- The Center for Nanophase Materials SciencesOak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTN37831USA
| | - Sergei V. Kalinin
- The Center for Nanophase Materials SciencesOak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTN37831USA
| | - Mahshid Ahmadi
- Joint Institute for Advanced Materials, Department of Materials Science and EngineeringUniversity of TennesseeKnoxvilleTN37996USA
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20
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Marshall AD, Acharya J, Alkhalifah G, Kattel B, Chan WL, Wu JZ. Probing the Origin of Light-Enhanced Ion Diffusion in Halide Perovskites. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:33609-33617. [PMID: 34251163 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c05268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Organic-inorganic hybrid halide perovskites have emerged recently as highly promising materials for optoelectronics such as photovoltaics and photodetectors. A unique feature of these materials is ion diffusion that directly impacts the optoelectronic process by affecting the charge transport and trapping. In order to shed light on the ionic diffusion behavior, the hybrid perovskites MAPbI3 and MAPbI3 with minor doping of phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl-ester (MAPbI3-PCBM) thin-film capacitors were investigated in the presence of steady and dynamic visible illumination of different intensities. Light-induced capacitance, which increases monotonically with the increase of light intensity, was observed in the low-frequency range below 300 kHz of the electric field on both while differing quantitatively. Specifically, the large light-induced capacitance in the MAPbI3 capacitors can be obtained in the MAPbI3-PCBM ones in the dark. In addition, the increase of capacitance with light intensity is much less in the latter with electron trapping induced by PCBM. This result has revealed that the light-induced capacitance in MAPbI3 capacitors can be ascribed to the contribution of the additional charges across the capacitors associated with ionic diffusion activated by the illumination and that the effects on the capacitance will remain after the illumination is turned off due to residual photoexcited electrons trapped in the MAPbI3-PCBM sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelo D Marshall
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
| | - Jagaran Acharya
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
| | - Ghadah Alkhalifah
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
| | - Bhupal Kattel
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
| | - Wai-Lun Chan
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
| | - Judy Z Wu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
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21
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Sadhukhan P, Ghosh D, Sengupta P, Bhattacharyya S, Das S. Unraveling the Charge Transport Mechanism in Mechanochemically Processed Hybrid Perovskite Solar Cell. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:5513-5521. [PMID: 33909421 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c00200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The long-term operation of organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells is hampered by the microscopic strain introduced by the multiple thermal cycles during the synthesis of the material via a solution process route. This setback can be eliminated by a room temperature synthesis scheme. In this work, a mechanochemical synthesis technique at room temperature is employed to process CH3NH3PbI2Br films for fabricating perovskite solar cell devices. The solar cell device has produced a 957 mV Voc, a 16.92 mA/cm2 short circuit current density, and a 10.5% efficiency. These values are higher than the published values on mechanochemically synthesized CH3NH3PbI3. The charge transport properties of the devices are studied using DC conductivity and AC impedance spectroscopy, which show a multichannel transport mechanism having both ionic and electronic contributions. A much smaller defect density in the mechanochemically synthesized hybrid perovskite material is confirmed. A polarization assisted recombination mechanism is observed to have a dominant effect on the overall charge transport mechanism. However, no obvious grain boundary and intralayer lattice defect related responses are found in the perovskite layer. Interfacial charge transport and recombination are found to show major effects on both the temperature dependent and illumination dependent impedance spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyabrata Sadhukhan
- Department of Instrumentation Science, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Dibyendu Ghosh
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Centre for Advanced Functional Materials, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Kolkata 741246, India
| | - Payal Sengupta
- Department of Physics, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Sayan Bhattacharyya
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Centre for Advanced Functional Materials, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Kolkata 741246, India
| | - Sachindranath Das
- Department of Instrumentation Science, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
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22
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Ultrananocrystalline Diamond Nanowires: Fabrication, Characterization, and Sensor Applications. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14030661. [PMID: 33572648 PMCID: PMC7867003 DOI: 10.3390/ma14030661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this review is to provide a survey of the recent advances and the main remaining challenges related to the ultrananocrystalline diamond (UNCD) nanowires and other nanostructures which exhibit excellent capability as the core components for many diverse novel sensing devices, due to the unique material properties and geometry advantages. The boron or nitrogen doping introduced in the gas phase during deposition promotes p-type or n-type conductivity. With the establishment of the UNCD nanofabrication techniques, more and more nanostructure-based devices are being explored in measuring basic physical and chemical parameters via classic and quantum methods, as exemplified by gas sensors, ultraviolet photodetectors, piezoresistance effect-based devices, biological applications and biosensors, and nitrogen-vacancy color center-based magnetic field quantum sensors. Highlighted finally are some of the remaining challenges and the future outlook in this area.
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Khan MT, Huang P, Almohammedi A, Kazim S, Ahmad S. Mechanistic origin and unlocking of negative capacitance in perovskites solar cells. iScience 2020; 24:102024. [PMID: 33521597 PMCID: PMC7820557 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.102024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We have unlocked the mechanistic behavior of negative capacitance in perovskite solar cells (PSCs) by analyzing impedance spectra at variable photovoltage and applied bias, temperature-dependent capacitance versus frequency (C-f) spectra, and current-voltage (J-V) characteristics. We noted that p-i-n type PSCs having PEDOT:PSS or PTAA as hole transport layer display negative capacitance feature at low and intermediate frequencies. The activation energies (Ea) for the observance of negative capacitance were found to be in a similar order of magnitude required for the ionic migration. Moreover, the kinetic relaxation time (τkin) estimated to be in the same order of magnitude required to activate the halide ion migration. Our investigation suggests that the primary reason for the appearance of negative capacitance in PSCs with a p-i-n configuration is associated with the migration of halide ions and vacancies in the perovskite layers. Negative capacitance in p-i-n device was unraveled from immittance spectroscopy Under external bias, halide ions/vacancies migrate toward HTL/perovskites interface Charge carriers discharge in trap states leading to the negative capacitance In p-i-n devices PTAA-based HTL display improved charge transport compared with PEDOT:PSS
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Taukeer Khan
- BCMaterials, Basque Center for Materials, Applications and Nanostructures, UPV/EHU Science Park, 48940 Leioa, Spain.,Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Islamic University of Madinah, Prince Naifbin Abdulaziz, Al Jamiah, Madinah 42351, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Peng Huang
- BCMaterials, Basque Center for Materials, Applications and Nanostructures, UPV/EHU Science Park, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Abdullah Almohammedi
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Islamic University of Madinah, Prince Naifbin Abdulaziz, Al Jamiah, Madinah 42351, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Samrana Kazim
- BCMaterials, Basque Center for Materials, Applications and Nanostructures, UPV/EHU Science Park, 48940 Leioa, Spain.,IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Shahzada Ahmad
- BCMaterials, Basque Center for Materials, Applications and Nanostructures, UPV/EHU Science Park, 48940 Leioa, Spain.,IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
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Bou A, Pockett A, Raptis D, Watson T, Carnie MJ, Bisquert J. Beyond Impedance Spectroscopy of Perovskite Solar Cells: Insights from the Spectral Correlation of the Electrooptical Frequency Techniques. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:8654-8659. [PMID: 32955259 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c02459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Small perturbation techniques have proven to be useful tools for the investigation of perovskite solar cells. A correct interpretation of the spectra given by impedance spectroscopy (IS), intensity-modulated photocurrent spectroscopy (IMPS), and intensity-modulated photovoltage spectroscopy (IMVS) is key for the understanding of device operation. The utilization of a correct equivalent circuit to extract real parameters is essential to make this good interpretation. In this work, we present an equivalent circuit, which is able to reproduce the general and the exotic behaviors found in impedance spectra. From the measurements, we demonstrate that the midfrequency features that may appear to depend on the active layer thickness, and we also prove the spectral correlation of the three techniques that has been suggested theoretically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agustín Bou
- Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM), Universitat Jaume I, 12006 Castelló, Spain
| | - Adam Pockett
- SPECIFIC, Materials Research Center, College of Engineering, Swansea University, Bay Campus, Swansea SA1 8EN, United Kingdom
| | - Dimitrios Raptis
- SPECIFIC, Materials Research Center, College of Engineering, Swansea University, Bay Campus, Swansea SA1 8EN, United Kingdom
| | - Trystan Watson
- SPECIFIC, Materials Research Center, College of Engineering, Swansea University, Bay Campus, Swansea SA1 8EN, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew J Carnie
- SPECIFIC, Materials Research Center, College of Engineering, Swansea University, Bay Campus, Swansea SA1 8EN, United Kingdom
| | - Juan Bisquert
- Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM), Universitat Jaume I, 12006 Castelló, Spain
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Yang S, Wang L, Zhao S, Liu A, Zhou Y, Han Q, Yu F, Gao L, Zhang C, Ma T. Novel Lead-Free Material Cs 2PtI 6 with Narrow Bandgap and Ultra-Stability for Its Photovoltaic Application. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:44700-44709. [PMID: 32933250 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c11429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Lead halide perovskite has in recent years gained widespread interest due to its excellent physical and chemical properties, as well as superior optoelectronic performance. However, some restrictions still preclude full industrialization of the material, in particular toxicity issues and instability as a result to sensitivity to humidity. Lead-free all-inorganic double perovskite materials have thus recently become a focus of research. Herein, a new narrow bandgap lead-free double perovskite solar cell with a high-quality Cs2PtI6 film is proposed. It exhibits an optical bandgap of 1.37 eV, absorption within a wide range of wavelengths, and a high absorption coefficient. Following optimization, the device displays a best power conversion efficiency of 0.72% with an open-circuit voltage of 0.73 V, a short-circuit current of 1.2 mA/cm2, and a fill factor of 0.82. Crucially, it also demonstrates excellent stability when exposed to extreme conditions such as high humidity, high temperature, and UV-light irradiation. Stability tests show that the PSCs can retain almost 80% of the original efficiency over 60 days stored in ambient temperature without any encapsulation, boosting prospects for applications of lead-free perovskite solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuzhang Yang
- Graduate School of Life Science and Systems Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, 2-4 Hibikino, Wakamatsu-ku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 804-8550, Japan
| | - Liang Wang
- Graduate School of Life Science and Systems Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, 2-4 Hibikino, Wakamatsu-ku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 804-8550, Japan
| | - Shuai Zhao
- School of Science, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, P. R. China
| | - Anmin Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin 124221, P. R. China
| | - Yi Zhou
- School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin 124221, P. R. China
| | - Qianji Han
- Graduate School of Life Science and Systems Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, 2-4 Hibikino, Wakamatsu-ku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 804-8550, Japan
| | - Fengyang Yu
- Graduate School of Life Science and Systems Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, 2-4 Hibikino, Wakamatsu-ku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 804-8550, Japan
| | - Liguo Gao
- School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin 124221, P. R. China
| | - Chu Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, P. R. China
| | - Tingli Ma
- Graduate School of Life Science and Systems Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, 2-4 Hibikino, Wakamatsu-ku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 804-8550, Japan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, P. R. China
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26
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Lu L, Shen KC, Wang J, Su Z, Li Y, Chen L, Luo Y, Song F, Gao X, Tang JX. Interaction of the Cation and Vacancy in Hybrid Perovskites Induced by Light Illumination. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:42369-42377. [PMID: 32840343 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c11696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Mixed A-site engineering is an emerging strategy to overcome the difficulties in realizing high-quality perovskite films together with high ambient stability. Particularly, the α-FACsPbI3-based hybrid perovskites have been considered as a promising candidate for solar cell applications. However, the degradation mechanism of α-FACsPbI3 hybrid perovskites induced by light illumination remains unclear. Here, the illumination-caused instability of α-FACsPbI3 hybrid perovskites is investigated using various surface detection technologies, including photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and grazing incidence X-ray diffraction. The experimental findings reveal that the A-site vacancies arise from the migration of Cs+ cations from the perovskite surface into the bulk under light illumination, while their content is dependent on the light energy. The visible light enlarges the crystal lattice on the perovskite surface, leading to the Cs+ cation migration along with the lattice distortion of the PbI64- octahedron and phase separation. However, the ultraviolet light further causes a stronger interaction between FA+ and [PbI6]4-, leading to the partial decomposition of [PbI6]4- into Pb0 and I-. These results enrich the photodegradation mechanism, guiding the design of efficient and stable perovskite solar cells through surface passivation to suppress the Cs+ cation migration and to increase the octahedron dissociation energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linyang Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
| | - Kong-Chao Shen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
| | - Jingkun Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
| | - Zhenhuang Su
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, and Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Zhangjiang Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201204, China
| | - Yanqing Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
- School of Physics and Electronics Science, Ministry of Education Nanophotonics & Advanced Instrument Engineering Research Center, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, P. R. China
| | - Li Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
| | - Yuxin Luo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
| | - Fei Song
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, and Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Zhangjiang Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201204, China
| | - Xingyu Gao
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, and Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Zhangjiang Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201204, China
| | - Jian-Xin Tang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
- Institute of Organic Optoelectronics (IOO), JITRI, Wujiang, Suzhou 215215, P. R. China
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27
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Riquelme A, Bennett LJ, Courtier NE, Wolf MJ, Contreras-Bernal L, Walker AB, Richardson G, Anta JA. Identification of recombination losses and charge collection efficiency in a perovskite solar cell by comparing impedance response to a drift-diffusion model. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:17385-17398. [PMID: 32789374 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr03058a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Interpreting the impedance response of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) is significantly more challenging than for most other photovoltaics. This is for a variety of reasons, of which the most significant are the mixed ionic-electronic conduction properties of metal halide perovskites and the difficulty in fabricating stable, and reproducible, devices. Experimental studies, conducted on a variety of PSCs, produce a variety of impedance spectra shapes. However, they all possess common features, the most noteworthy of which is that they have at least two features, at high and low frequency, with different characteristic responses to temperature, illumination and electrical bias. The impedance response has commonly been analyzed in terms of sophisticated equivalent circuits that can be hard to relate to the underlying physics and which complicates the extraction of efficiency-determining parameters. In this paper we show that, by a combination of experiment and drift-diffusion (DD) modelling of the ion and charge carrier transport and recombination within the cell, the main features of common impedance spectra are well reproduced by the DD simulation. Based on this comparison, we show that the high frequency response contains all the key information relating to the steady-state performance of a PSC, i.e. it is a signature of the recombination mechanisms and provides a measure of charge collection efficiency. Moreover, steady-state performance is significantly affected by the distribution of mobile ionic charge within the perovskite layer. Comparison between the electrical properties of different devices should therefore be made using high frequency impedance measurements performed in the steady-state voltage regime in which the cell is expected to operate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Riquelme
- Área de Química Física, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, E-41013, Seville, Spain.
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28
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Kumar A, Bansode U, Ogale S, Rahman A. Understanding the thermal degradation mechanism of perovskite solar cells via dielectric and noise measurements. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 31:365403. [PMID: 32470953 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab97d4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Long term stability is a major obstacle to the success of perovskite solar cell (PSC) photovoltaic technology. PSC performance deteriorates significantly in the presence of humidity, oxygen and exposure to UV light and heat. Here the change in charge transport properties of PSC with temperature and the associated significant drop in device performance at high temperature have been investigated. The latter is shown to be primarily due to an increase in charge carrier recombination, which impacts the open-circuit voltage. To understand the pathway of temperature-induced degradation, low-frequency 1/f noise characteristics, and the capacitance-frequency, as well as capacitance-voltage characteristics have been investigated under various conditions. The results show that at high operating temperature accumulation of ions and charge carriers at the interface increase the surface recombination. Aging experiments at different temperatures show high stability of PSCs up to temperature <70 °C, but a drastic, irreversible degradation occurs at higher temperature (≥80 °C). Low-frequency 1/f noise study revealed that the magnitude of normalized noise in degraded perovskite solar cells is four orders of magnitude higher than the pristine device. This study shows the power of low-frequency noise measurement technique as a highly sensitive non-invasive tool to study the degradation mechanism of PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Kumar
- Department of Physics and Centre for Energy Science, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER)-Pune, Pune, Maharashtra 411008 India
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29
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Ko Y, Kim Y, Lee C, Kim T, Kim S, Yun YJ, Gwon HJ, Lee NH, Jun Y. Self-Aggregation-Controlled Rapid Chemical Bath Deposition of SnO 2 Layers and Stable Dark Depolarization Process for Highly Efficient Planar Perovskite Solar Cells. CHEMSUSCHEM 2020; 13:4051-4063. [PMID: 32452168 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202000501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Planar perovskite solar cells (PSCs) incorporating n-type SnO2 have attracted significant interest because of their excellent photovoltaic performance. However, the film fabrication of SnO2 is limited by self-aggregation and inhomogeneous growth of the intermediate phase, which produces poor morphology and properties. In this study, a self-controlled SnO2 layer is fabricated directly on a fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) surface through simple and rapid chemical bath deposition. The PSCs based on this hydrolyzed SnO2 layer exhibit an excellent power conversion efficiency of 20.21 % with negligible hysteresis. Analysis of the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy on the charge transport dynamics indicates that the bias voltage influences both interfacial charge transportation and the ionic double layer under illumination. The hydrolyzed SnO2 -based PSCs demonstrate a faster ionic charge response time of 2.5 ms in comparison with 100.5 ms for the hydrolyzed TiO2 -based hysteretic PSCs. The results of quasi-steady-state carrier transportation indicate that a dynamic hysteresis in the J-V curves can be explained by complex ionic-electronic kinetics owing to the slow ionic charge redistribution and hole accumulation caused by electrode polarization, which causes an increase in charge recombination. This study reveals that SnO2 -based PSCs lead to a stabilized dark depolarization process compared with TiO2 -based PSCs, which is relevant to the charge transport dynamics in the high-performing planar SnO2 -based PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohan Ko
- Graduate School of Energy and Environment (KU-KIST Green School), Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seungbuk-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Youbin Kim
- Graduate School of Energy and Environment (KU-KIST Green School), Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seungbuk-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chanyong Lee
- Graduate School of Energy and Environment (KU-KIST Green School), Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seungbuk-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Taemin Kim
- Graduate School of Energy and Environment (KU-KIST Green School), Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seungbuk-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seungkyu Kim
- Graduate School of Energy and Environment (KU-KIST Green School), Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seungbuk-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong Ju Yun
- Graduate School of Energy and Environment (KU-KIST Green School), Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seungbuk-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hui-Jeong Gwon
- Radiation Research Division, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, 29 Geumgu-gil, Joengeup, Jeonbuk, Korea
| | - Nam-Ho Lee
- Radiation Research Division, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, 29 Geumgu-gil, Joengeup, Jeonbuk, Korea
| | - Yongseok Jun
- Graduate School of Energy and Environment (KU-KIST Green School), Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seungbuk-gu, Seoul, Korea
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30
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Geng W, Tong C, Zhang Y, Liu L. Theoretical Progress on the Relationship between the Structures and Properties of Perovskite Solar Cells. ADVANCED THEORY AND SIMULATIONS 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adts.202000022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Geng
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu Sichuan 610054 China
- School of Physics Beihang University Beijing 100191 China
| | - Chuan‐Jia Tong
- School of Physics Beihang University Beijing 100191 China
| | - Yanning Zhang
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu Sichuan 610054 China
| | - Li‐Min Liu
- School of Physics Beihang University Beijing 100191 China
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31
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Liu N, Liu P, Zhou H, Bai Y, Chen Q. Understanding the Defect Properties of Quasi-2D Halide Perovskites for Photovoltaic Applications. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:3521-3528. [PMID: 32272840 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c00772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Quasi-2D halide perovskites have emerged as some of the most promising photovoltaic materials owing to their excellent stability, yet the device power conversion efficiency is far from satisfactory. Besides crystal orientation-related carrier transport, defects in absorbers also play a crucial role in device performance, which has received limited attention in the 2D perovskite field. Herein, we systematically profile the defect states in 2D perovskite film by the temperature-dependent admittance spectroscopy (AS), light intensity-dependent VOC, space-charge-limited-circuit (SCLC), and photoluminescence measurements. It is revealed that the quasi-2D perovskite films suffer from severe defects as compared to the 3D counterparts in terms of both trap energy levels and trap densities. Consequently, the level of nonradiative recombination of photogenerated carriers is much greater in the corresponding devices, wherein the monomolecular recombination is dominant. These findings substantially contribute to a deeper understanding of the nature of 2D perovskite materials, which promotes the further development of 2D perovskite solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Pengfei Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Huanping Zhou
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Theory and Technology of Advanced Battery Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Energy and Resources Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Yang Bai
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Nano-Micro Materials Research, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Qi Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
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Yang S, Wang L, Gao L, Cao J, Han Q, Yu F, Kamata Y, Zhang C, Fan M, Wei G, Ma T. Excellent Moisture Stability and Efficiency of Inverted All-Inorganic CsPbIBr 2 Perovskite Solar Cells through Molecule Interface Engineering. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:13931-13940. [PMID: 32119775 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b23532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
All-inorganic lead halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have drawn widespread interest because of its excellent thermal stability compared to its organic-inorganic hybrid counterpart. Poor phase stability caused by moisture, however, has thus far limited their commercial application. Herein, by modifying the interface between the hole-transport layer (HTL) and the perovskite light absorption layer, and by optimizing the HTL for better energy alignment, we controlled the growth of perovskite, reduced carrier recombination, facilitated carrier injection and transport, and improved the PSC's power conversion efficiency (PCE) and moisture stability. When testing using a positive bias scan, we obtained a significant improvement in PCE, 9.49%, which is the champion efficiency of CsPbIBr2-based inverted PSC at present. The stability measurement shows that the passivated CsPbIBr2-based inverted PSCs can retain 86% of its initial efficiency after 1000 h preserved in ambient air with 65% relative humidity. This study paves a new way for enhancing the moisture stability and power conversion efficiency of CsPbIBr2-based PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuzhang Yang
- Graduate School of Life Science and Systems Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, 2-4 Hibikino, Wakamatsu-ku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 804-8550, Japan
| | - Liang Wang
- Graduate School of Life Science and Systems Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, 2-4 Hibikino, Wakamatsu-ku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 804-8550, Japan
| | - Liguo Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Petroleum and Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin 124221, P.R. China
| | - Junmei Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Petroleum and Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin 124221, P.R. China
| | - Qianji Han
- Graduate School of Life Science and Systems Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, 2-4 Hibikino, Wakamatsu-ku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 804-8550, Japan
| | - Fengyang Yu
- Graduate School of Life Science and Systems Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, 2-4 Hibikino, Wakamatsu-ku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 804-8550, Japan
| | - Yusuke Kamata
- Graduate School of Life Science and Systems Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, 2-4 Hibikino, Wakamatsu-ku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 804-8550, Japan
| | - Chu Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, P.R. China
| | - Meiqiang Fan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, P.R. China
| | - Guoying Wei
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, P.R. China
| | - Tingli Ma
- Graduate School of Life Science and Systems Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, 2-4 Hibikino, Wakamatsu-ku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 804-8550, Japan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, P.R. China
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33
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Charge Transfer in Mixed-Phase TiO2 Photoelectrodes for Perovskite Solar Cells. SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su12030788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In mesoscopic perovskite solar cells (PSCs) the recombination processes within the TiO2 photoelectrode and at the TiO2/perovskite interface limit power conversion efficiency. To overcome this challenge, we investigated the effect of TiO2 phase composition on the electronic structure of TiO2 photoelectrodes, as well as on PSCs performance. For this, a set of PSCs based on TiO2 thin films with different content of anatase and rutile particles was fabricated under ambient conditions. X-ray diffraction, optical spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy were used to study the structural, morphological and optical characteristics of TiO2 powders and TiO2-based thin films. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis of anatase revealed a cliff conduction band alignment of 0.2 eV with respect to the rutile. Energy band alignment at the anatase/rutile/perovskite interfaces deduced from the XPS data provides the possibility for interparticle electron transport from the rutile to anatase phase and the efficient blocking of electron recombination at the TiO2/perovskite interface, leading to efficient electron-hole separation in PSCs based on mixed-phase TiO2 photoelectrodes. PSCs based on TiO2 layers with 60/40 anatase/rutile ratio were characterized by optimized charge extraction and low level of recombination at the perovskite/TiO2 interface and showed the best energy conversion efficiency of 13.4% among the studied PSCs. Obtained results provide a simple and effective approach towards the development of the next generation high efficiency PSCs.
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Ryu S, Nguyen DC, Ha NY, Park HJ, Ahn YH, Park JY, Lee S. Light Intensity-dependent Variation in Defect Contributions to Charge Transport and Recombination in a Planar MAPbI 3 Perovskite Solar Cell. Sci Rep 2019; 9:19846. [PMID: 31882649 PMCID: PMC6934867 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-56338-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated operation of a planar MAPbI3 solar cell with respect to intensity variation ranging from 0.01 to 1 sun. Measured J-V curves consisted of space-charge-limited currents (SCLC) in a drift-dominant range and diode-like currents in a diffusion-dominant range. The variation of power-law exponent of SCLC showed that charge trapping by defects diminished as intensity increased, and that drift currents became eventually almost ohmic. Diode-like currents were analysed using a modified Shockley-equation model, the validity of which was confirmed by comparing measured and estimated open-circuit voltages. Intensity dependence of ideality factor led us to the conclusion that there were two other types of defects that contributed mostly as recombination centers. At low intensities, monomolecular recombination occurred due to one of these defects in addition to bimolecular recombination to result in the ideality factor of ~1.7. However, at high intensities, another type of defect not only took over monomolecular recombination, but also dominated bimolecular recombination to result in the ideality factor of ~2.0. These ideality-factor values were consistent with those representing the intensity dependence of loss-current ratio estimated by using a constant internal-quantum-efficiency approximation. The presence of multiple types of defects was corroborated by findings from equivalent-circuit analysis of impedance spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinyoung Ryu
- Department of Energy Systems Research, Ajou University, Suwon, 16499, Korea
| | - Duc Cuong Nguyen
- Department of Energy Systems Research, Ajou University, Suwon, 16499, Korea.,Faculty of Engineering Physics and Nanotechnology, VNU University of Engineering and Technology, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Na Young Ha
- Department of Energy Systems Research, Ajou University, Suwon, 16499, Korea.,Department of Physics, Ajou University, Suwon, 16499, Korea
| | - Hui Joon Park
- Department of Energy Systems Research, Ajou University, Suwon, 16499, Korea.,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Ajou University, Suwon, 16499, Korea
| | - Y H Ahn
- Department of Energy Systems Research, Ajou University, Suwon, 16499, Korea.,Department of Physics, Ajou University, Suwon, 16499, Korea
| | - Ji-Yong Park
- Department of Energy Systems Research, Ajou University, Suwon, 16499, Korea.,Department of Physics, Ajou University, Suwon, 16499, Korea
| | - Soonil Lee
- Department of Energy Systems Research, Ajou University, Suwon, 16499, Korea. .,Department of Physics, Ajou University, Suwon, 16499, Korea.
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35
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Tang X, Matt GJ, Gao S, Gu E, Almora O, Brabec CJ. Electrical-Field-Driven Tunable Spectral Responses in a Broadband-Absorbing Perovskite Photodiode. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:39018-39025. [PMID: 31576735 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b14788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Controllably manipulating the spectral response of broadband-absorbing semiconductors is crucial for developing wavelength-selective optoelectronic devices. In this article, we report for the first time, the bias-dependent spectral responses for a metal-halide perovskite photodiode. Tunable external quantum efficiencies in the short- and long-wavelength regimes, and the full spectral range (ca. 300-800 nm) are observed when the device is operated under short-circuit, and forward and reverse bias conditions, respectively. This observation is understood by the interplay of wavelength-dependent penetration depth and barrier formation within the photodiode device stack. The general applicability of this concept is confirmed by a systematic study on a series of mixed-halide perovskite devices. These results suggest that the proposed concept allows as a promising platform and should inspire further exploration of multispectral responsive optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Tang
- Institute of Materials for Electronics and Energy Technology (i-MEET), Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg , Martensstr. 7 , 91058 Erlangen , Germany
| | - Gebhard J Matt
- Institute of Materials for Electronics and Energy Technology (i-MEET), Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg , Martensstr. 7 , 91058 Erlangen , Germany
| | - Shuai Gao
- Institute of Materials for Electronics and Energy Technology (i-MEET), Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg , Martensstr. 7 , 91058 Erlangen , Germany
| | - Ening Gu
- Institute of Materials for Electronics and Energy Technology (i-MEET), Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg , Martensstr. 7 , 91058 Erlangen , Germany
| | - Osbel Almora
- Institute of Materials for Electronics and Energy Technology (i-MEET), Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg , Martensstr. 7 , 91058 Erlangen , Germany
- Erlangen Graduate School in Advanced Optical Technologies (SAOT) , Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg , Paul-Gordan-Str. 6 , 91052 Erlangen , Germany
| | - Christoph J Brabec
- Institute of Materials for Electronics and Energy Technology (i-MEET), Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg , Martensstr. 7 , 91058 Erlangen , Germany
- Bavarian Center for Applied Energy Research (ZAE Bayern) , Immerwahrstr. 2 , 91058 Erlangen , Germany
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36
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Zhou AF, Velázquez R, Wang X, Feng PX. Nanoplasmonic 1D Diamond UV Photodetectors with High Performance. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:38068-38074. [PMID: 31545584 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b13321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Diamond nanowires have recently drawn substantial attention because of their unique physical and chemical properties for electrochemical sensors, optoelectronics, and nanophotonics applications. However, diamond nanowire-based ultraviolet photodetectors have not been reported because of the challenges involved in synthesizing crystalline diamond nanowires with controllable morphologies and, more fundamentally, the material's high carrier concentration with low mobilities that limits the obtainable photoresponsivity. The synergetic integration of ultrananocrystalline diamond (UNCD) nanowires with nanoplasmonic enhancement by noble metal nanoparticles is a very promising approach to overcome these shortcomings. Here we report the fabrication of boron-doped ultrananocrystalline diamond nanowires functionalized with the platinum nanoparticles to form self-powered ultraviolet photodetectors that exhibit an ultrahigh photoresponsivity of 388 Amp/Watt at 300 nm wavelength, a fast response time around 20 ms, and a good UV/visible rejection ratio of about 5 orders of magnitude under zero-bias condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew F Zhou
- Department of Physics , Indiana University of Pennsylvania , Indiana , Pennsylvania 15705 , United States
| | - Rafael Velázquez
- Department of Physics , University of Puerto Rico , San Juan , Puerto Rico 00936 , United States
- Aircraft Division , Naval Air Warfare Center , Patuxent River , Maryland 20670 , United States
| | - Xinpeng Wang
- Nanonex Corporation , Monmouth Junction , New Jersey 08852 , United States
| | - Peter X Feng
- Department of Physics , University of Puerto Rico , San Juan , Puerto Rico 00936 , United States
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37
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Prochowicz D, Tavakoli MM, Alanazi AQ, Trivedi S, Tavakoli Dastjerdi H, Zakeeruddin SM, Grätzel M, Yadav P. Charge Accumulation, Recombination, and Their Associated Time Scale in Efficient (GUA) x (MA) 1-x PbI 3-Based Perovskite Solar Cells. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:16840-16846. [PMID: 31646230 PMCID: PMC6796885 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b01701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Here, we study the influence of guanidinium (GUA) ions on the open-circuit voltage (V oc) in the (GUA) x (MA)1-x PbI3 based perovskite solar cells. We demonstrate that incorporation of GUA forms electronic and ionic accumulation regions at the interface of the electron transporting layer and perovskite absorber layer. Our electrochemical impedance spectroscopy results prove that the formed accumulation region is associated with the enhanced surface charge capacitance and photovoltage. Furthermore, we also demonstrate the influence of the GUA ions on the enhanced interfacial and bulk electronic properties due to more efficient charge transfer between the bulk and interfaces and the reduced electronic defect energy levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Prochowicz
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of
Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
- Laboratory
of Photonics and Interfaces, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering,
School of Basic Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique
Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Mohammad Mahdi Tavakoli
- Department of Electrical Engineering
and Computer Science and Department of
Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts
Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Sharif
University of Technology, 14588 Tehran, Iran
| | - Anwar Q. Alanazi
- Laboratory
of Photonics and Interfaces, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering,
School of Basic Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique
Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Suverna Trivedi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Technology and Department of
Solar Energy, School of Technology, Pandit
Deendayal Petroleum University, Gandhinagar 382007, Gujarat, India
| | - Hadi Tavakoli Dastjerdi
- Department of Electrical Engineering
and Computer Science and Department of
Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts
Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Shaik M. Zakeeruddin
- Laboratory
of Photonics and Interfaces, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering,
School of Basic Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique
Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Michael Grätzel
- Laboratory
of Photonics and Interfaces, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering,
School of Basic Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique
Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Pankaj Yadav
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Technology and Department of
Solar Energy, School of Technology, Pandit
Deendayal Petroleum University, Gandhinagar 382007, Gujarat, India
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38
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Aranda C, Bisquert J, Guerrero A. Impedance spectroscopy of perovskite/contact interface: Beneficial chemical reactivity effect. J Chem Phys 2019; 151:124201. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5111925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Clara Aranda
- Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM), Universitat Jaume I, 12006 Castelló, Spain
| | - Juan Bisquert
- Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM), Universitat Jaume I, 12006 Castelló, Spain
| | - Antonio Guerrero
- Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM), Universitat Jaume I, 12006 Castelló, Spain
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39
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Yao D, Zhang C, Zhang S, Yang Y, Du A, Waclawik E, Yu X, Wilson GJ, Wang H. 2D-3D Mixed Organic-Inorganic Perovskite Layers for Solar Cells with Enhanced Efficiency and Stability Induced by n-Propylammonium Iodide Additives. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:29753-29764. [PMID: 31135124 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b06305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Device instability has become an obstacle for the industrial application of organic-inorganic metal halide perovskite solar cells that has already demonstrated over 23% laboratory power conversion efficiency (PCE). It has been discovered that the sliding of A-site cations in the perovskite compound through and out of the three-dimensional [PbI6]4- crystal frame is one of the main reasons that are responsible for decomposition of the perovskite compound. Herein, we report an effective method to enhance the stability of the FA0.79MA0.16Cs0.05PbI2.5Br0.5 perovskite film through the incorporation of n-propylammonium iodide (PAI). Both density functional theory calculation and the X-ray diffraction patterns have confirmed the formation of two-dimensional (PA)2PbI4 with the Ruddlesden-Popper perovskite as a result of the reaction between PAI and PbI2 in the perovskite film. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy reveals less -COOH (carboxyl) groups on the surface of the perovskite film containing (PA)2PbI4, which indicates the suppressed penetration of oxygen and moisture into the perovskite material. This is further confirmed by the surface water wettability test of the (PA)2PbI4 film that exhibits excellent hydrophobic property with over 110° contact angle. Ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy demonstrates the introduction of PAI additives that resulted in the upshift of the conduction band minimum of the perovskite by 160 meV, leading to a more favorable energy alignment with an adjacent electron transporting material. As a consequence, enhanced 17.23% PCE with suppressed hysteresis was obtained with the 5% PAI additive (molar ratio) in perovskite solar cells that retained nearly 50% of the initial efficiency after 2000 h in air without encapsulation under 45% average relative humidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Disheng Yao
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Science and Engineering Faculty , Queensland University of Technology , Brisbane 4001 , Australia
| | - Chunmei Zhang
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Science and Engineering Faculty , Queensland University of Technology , Brisbane 4001 , Australia
| | - Shengli Zhang
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Science and Engineering Faculty , Queensland University of Technology , Brisbane 4001 , Australia
| | - Yang Yang
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Science and Engineering Faculty , Queensland University of Technology , Brisbane 4001 , Australia
| | - Aijun Du
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Science and Engineering Faculty , Queensland University of Technology , Brisbane 4001 , Australia
| | - Eric Waclawik
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Science and Engineering Faculty , Queensland University of Technology , Brisbane 4001 , Australia
| | - Xiaochen Yu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Chang'an University , Xian 710061 , China
| | - Gregory J Wilson
- Solar Technologies , CSIRO Energy , Mayfield West , NSW 2304 , Australia
| | - Hongxia Wang
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Science and Engineering Faculty , Queensland University of Technology , Brisbane 4001 , Australia
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40
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Ahmadi M, Muckley ES, Ivanov IN, Lorenz M, Li X, Ovchinnikova O, Lukosi ED, Tisdale JT, Blount E, Kravchenko II, Kalinin SV, Hu B, Collins L. Environmental Gating and Galvanic Effects in Single Crystals of Organic-Inorganic Halide Perovskites. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:14722-14733. [PMID: 30938147 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b21112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the impact of environmental gaseous on the surface of organometal halide perovskites (OMHPs) couples to the electronic and ionic transport is critically important. Here, we explore the transport behavior and origins of the gas sensitivity in MAPbBr3 single crystals (SCs) devices using impedance spectroscopy and current relaxation measurements. Strong resistive response occurs when crystals are exposed to different environments. It was shown that SC response to the environment is extremely different at the surface as compared to the bulk due to the disorder surface chemistry. The nonlinear transport properties studied using ultrafast Kelvin probe force microscopy (G-KPFM) to unravel spatio-temporal charge dynamics at SC/electrode interface. The relaxation processes observed in pulse relaxation and G-KPFM measurements along with gas sensitivity of crystals suggest the presence of a triple-phase boundary between environment, electrode, and crystal. Results indicate that the environment is a nontrivial component in the operation of OMHP devices which is reminiscent of fuel cell systems. Furthermore, the triple-phase boundary can play a significant role in the transport properties of OMHPs due to the possibility of the redox processes coupled to the concentration of bulk ionic species. Although instrumental for understanding the device characteristics of perovskites, our studies suggest a new opportunity of coupling the redox chemistry of the Br2-Br- pair that defines the bulk ionic conductivity of MAPbBr3 with the redox chemistry of gaseous (or liquid) environment via a suitable electrocatalytic system to enable new class of energy storage devices and gas sensors.
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41
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Origin of apparent light-enhanced and negative capacitance in perovskite solar cells. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1574. [PMID: 30952882 PMCID: PMC6450882 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09079-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
So-called negative capacitance seems to remain an obscure feature in the analysis of the frequency-dependent impedance of perovskite solar cells. It belongs to one of the puzzling peculiarities arising from the mixed ionic-electronic conductivity of this class of semiconductor. Here we show that apparently high capacitances in general (positive and negative) are not related to any capacitive feature in the sense of a corresponding charge accumulation. Instead, they are a natural consequence of slow transients mainly in forward current of the diode upon ion displacement when changing voltage. The transient current leads to a positive or negative ‘capacitance’ dependent on the sign of its gradient. The ‘capacitance’ appears so large because the associated resistance, when thinking of a resistor-capacitor element, results from another physical process, namely modified electronic charge injection and transport. Observable for a variety of devices, it is a rather universal phenomenon related to the hysteresis in the current–voltage curve. The apparent negative capacitance remains elusive in the impedance analysis of metal halide perovskite solar cells. Here Ebadi et al. show that it can be attributed to slow transients in the injection current instead of classical capacitive effect, i.e. charge accumulation.
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42
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Alharbi EA, Dar MI, Arora N, Alotaibi MH, Alzhrani YA, Yadav P, Tress W, Alyamani A, Albadri A, Zakeeruddin SM, Grätzel M. Perovskite Solar Cells Yielding Reproducible Photovoltage of 1.20 V. RESEARCH 2019; 2019:8474698. [PMID: 31549091 PMCID: PMC6750062 DOI: 10.34133/2019/8474698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
High photovoltages and power conversion efficiencies of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) can be realized by controlling the undesired nonradiative charge carrier recombination. Here, we introduce a judicious amount of guanidinium iodide into mixed-cation and mixed-halide perovskite films to suppress the parasitic charge carrier recombination, which enabled the fabrication of >20% efficient and operationally stable PSCs yielding reproducible photovoltage as high as 1.20 V. By introducing guanidinium iodide into the perovskite precursor solution, the bandgap of the resulting absorber material changed minimally; however, the nonradiative recombination diminished considerably as revealed by time-resolved photoluminescence and electroluminescence studies. Furthermore, using capacitance-frequency measurements, we were able to correlate the hysteresis features exhibited by the PSCs with interfacial charge accumulation. This study opens up a path to realize new record efficiencies for PSCs based on guanidinium iodide doped perovskite films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Essa A Alharbi
- Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - M Ibrahim Dar
- Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Neha Arora
- Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Mohammad Hayal Alotaibi
- National Nanotechnology Research Centre, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), P.O. Box 6086, Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yahya A Alzhrani
- National Nanotechnology Research Centre, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), P.O. Box 6086, Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Pankaj Yadav
- Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Wolfgang Tress
- Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Ahmed Alyamani
- National Center for Petrochemicals Technology, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), P.O. Box 6086, 11442 Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman Albadri
- National Center for Petrochemicals Technology, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), P.O. Box 6086, 11442 Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shaik M Zakeeruddin
- Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Michael Grätzel
- Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
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43
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Density of bulk trap states of hybrid lead halide perovskite single crystals: temperature modulated space-charge-limited-currents. Sci Rep 2019; 9:3332. [PMID: 30833620 PMCID: PMC6399241 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-40139-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Temperature-modulated space-charge-limited-current spectroscopy (TMSCLC) is applied to quantitatively evaluate the density of trap states in the band-gap with high energy resolution of semiconducting hybrid lead halide perovskite single crystals. Interestingly multicomponent deep trap states were observed in the pure perovskite crystals, which assumingly caused by the formation of nanodomains due to the presence of the mobile species in the perovskites.
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44
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Abstract
Design and modification of interfaces, always a critical issue for semiconductor devices, has become a primary tool to harness the full potential of halide perovskite (HaP)-based optoelectronics, including photovoltaics and light-emitting diodes. In particular, the outstanding improvements in HaP solar cell performance and stability can be primarily ascribed to a careful choice of the interfacial layout in the layer stack. In this review, we describe the unique challenges and opportunities of these approaches (section 1). For this purpose, we first elucidate the basic physical and chemical properties of the exposed HaP thin film and crystal surfaces, including topics such as surface termination, surface reactivity, and electronic structure (section 2). This is followed by discussing experimental results on the energetic alignment processes at the interfaces between the HaP and transport and buffer layers. This section includes understandings reached as well as commonly proposed and applied models, especially the often-questionable validity of vacuum level alignment, the importance of interface dipoles, and band bending as the result of interface formation (section 3). We follow this by elaborating on the impact of the interface formation on device performance, considering effects such as chemical reactions and surface passivation on interface energetics and stability. On the basis of these concepts, we propose a roadmap for the next steps in interfacial design for HaP semiconductors (section 4), emphasizing the importance of achieving control over the interface energetics and chemistry (i.e., reactivity) to allow predictive power for tailored interface optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Schulz
- Institut Photovoltaïque d'Île-de-France (IPVF) , 91120 Palaiseau , France.,CNRS , Institut Photovoltaı̈que d'Île de France (IPVF) , UMR 9006 , 91120 Palaiseau , France.,National Center for Photovoltaics , National Renewable Energy Laboratory , Golden , Colorado 80401 , United States
| | - David Cahen
- Department of Materials and Interfaces , Weizmann Institute of Science , Rehovot 76100 , Israel
| | - Antoine Kahn
- Department of Electrical Engineering , Princeton University , Princeton , New Jersey 08544 , United States
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45
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Hwang T, Yun AJ, Kim J, Cho D, Kim S, Hong S, Park B. Electronic Traps and Their Correlations to Perovskite Solar Cell Performance via Compositional and Thermal Annealing Controls. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:6907-6917. [PMID: 30668095 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b17431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Herein, underlying factors for enabling efficient and stable performance of perovskite solar cells are studied through nanostructural controls of organic-inorganic halide perovskites. Namely, MAPbI3, (FA0.83MA0.17)Pb(I0.83Br0.17)3, and (Cs0.10FA0.75MA0.15)Pb(I0.85Br0.15)3 perovskites (abbreviated as MA, FAMA, and CsFAMA, respectively) are examined with a grain growth control through thermal annealing. FAMA- and CsFAMA-based cells result in stable photovoltaic performance, while MA cells are sensitively dependent on the perovskite grain size dominated by annealing time. Micro-/nanoscopic features are comprehensively analyzed to unravel the origin that is directly correlated to the cell performance with the applications of electronic-trap characterizations such as photoconductive noise microscopy and capacitance analyses. It is revealed that CsFAMA has a lower trap density compared to MA and FAMA through the analyses of 1/ f noises and trapping/detrapping capacitances. Also, an open-circuit voltage ( Voc) change is correlated to the variation of trap states during the shelf-life test: FAMA and CsFAMA cells with the negligible change of Voc over weeks exhibit trap states shifting toward the band edge, although the power-conversion efficiencies are clearly reduced. The origins that critically affect the solar cell performance through the characterizations of shallow/deep traps with additional mobile defects in the perovskite and interfaces are discussed.
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46
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Li C, Guerrero A, Huettner S, Bisquert J. Unravelling the role of vacancies in lead halide perovskite through electrical switching of photoluminescence. Nat Commun 2018; 9:5113. [PMID: 30504825 PMCID: PMC6269531 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-07571-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We address the behavior in which a bias voltage can be used to switch on and off the photoluminescence of a planar film of methylammonium lead triiodide perovskite (MAPbI3) semiconductor with lateral symmetric electrodes. It is observed that a dark region advances from the positive electrode at a slow velocity of order of 10 μm s–1. Here we explain the existence of the sharp front by a drift of ionic vacancies limited by local saturation, that induce defects and drastically reduce the radiative recombination rate in the film. The model accounts for the time dependence of electrical current due to the ion-induced doping modification, that changes local electron and hole concentration with the drift of vacancies. The analysis of current dependence on time leads to a direct determination of the diffusion coefficient of iodine vacancies and provides detailed information of ionic effects over the electrooptical properties of hybrid perovskite materials. Methylammonium lead triiodide perovskite based solar cells have attracted lots of attention but many physical characteristics of this material remain elusive. Here Li et al. reveal the role of defects in the carrier recombination dynamics in photoluminescence experiments and present a model to describe it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bayreuth, Universitätstr. 30, 95447, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Antonio Guerrero
- Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM), Universitat Jaume I, 12006, Castello, Spain
| | - Sven Huettner
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bayreuth, Universitätstr. 30, 95447, Bayreuth, Germany.
| | - Juan Bisquert
- Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM), Universitat Jaume I, 12006, Castello, Spain.
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47
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Phung N, Abate A. The Impact of Nano- and Microstructure on the Stability of Perovskite Solar Cells. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2018; 14:e1802573. [PMID: 30295009 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201802573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Revised: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Halide perovskites have emerged recently as a promising candidate for the next generation of photovoltaics. Power conversion efficiencies for laboratory-scale devices surpass those of established technologies, such as multicrystalline silicon. However, perovskite solar cells lose their initial efficiency rapidly due to the convolution of several degradation factors, which hinder the process of industrialization. In this review, the important role of the nano- and microstructure of the perovskite layer in the performance and stability of the device are discussed. The defects located predominantly at the grain boundaries within the perovskite film and at the interface of the perovskite with the other materials can compromise the devices' stability. Thus, lowering the surface and interface concentration of defects is a key approach toward long-term stable perovskite solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nga Phung
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Berlin, 12489, Germany
| | - Antonio Abate
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Berlin, 12489, Germany
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48
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Hermes IM, Hou Y, Bergmann VW, Brabec CJ, Weber SAL. The Interplay of Contact Layers: How the Electron Transport Layer Influences Interfacial Recombination and Hole Extraction in Perovskite Solar Cells. J Phys Chem Lett 2018; 9:6249-6256. [PMID: 30256640 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b02824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Charge-selective contact layers in perovskite solar cells influence the current density-voltage hysteresis, an effect related to ion migration in the perovskite. As such, fullerene-based electron transport layers (ETLs) suppress hysteresis by reducing the mobile ion concentration. However, the impact of different ETLs on the electronic properties of other constituent device layers remains unclear. In this Kelvin probe force microscopy study, we compared potential distributions of methylammonium lead iodide-based solar cells with two ETLs (planar TiO2 and C60-functionalized self-assembled monolayer) with different hysteretic behavior. We found significant changes in the potential distribution of the organic hole transport layer spiroMeOTAD, suggesting the formation of a neutral spiroMeOTAD/iodide interface due to a reaction between iodide with p-doped spiroMeOTAD in the TiO2 cell. Our results show that the ETL affects not only the mobile ion concentration and the recombination at the perovskite/ETL interface but also the resistance and capacitance of the spiroMeOTAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilka M Hermes
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research , Ackermannweg 10 , 55128 Mainz , Germany
| | - Yi Hou
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Materials for Electronics and Energy Technology (i-MEET) , Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg , Martensstrasse 7 , 91058 Erlangen , Germany
| | - Victor W Bergmann
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research , Ackermannweg 10 , 55128 Mainz , Germany
| | - Christoph J Brabec
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Materials for Electronics and Energy Technology (i-MEET) , Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg , Martensstrasse 7 , 91058 Erlangen , Germany
| | - Stefan A L Weber
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research , Ackermannweg 10 , 55128 Mainz , Germany
- Institute of Physics , Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz , Duesbergweg 10-14 , 55128 Mainz , Germany
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49
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Aeineh N, Castro-Méndez AF, Rodriguez-Cantó PJ, Abargues R, Hassanabadi E, Suarez I, Behjat A, Ortiz P, Martínez-Pastor JP, Mora-Seró I. Optical Optimization of the TiO 2 Mesoporous Layer in Perovskite Solar Cells by the Addition of SiO 2 Nanoparticles. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:9798-9804. [PMID: 30198002 PMCID: PMC6120728 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b01119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
In this work, SiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) were integrated into the mesoporous TiO2 layer of a perovskite solar cell to investigate their effect on cell performance. Different concentrations of SiO2/ethanol have been combined in TiO2/ethanol to prepare pastes for the fabrication of the mesoporous layer with which perovskite solar cells have been fabricated. Addition of SiO2 NPs of 50 and 100 nm sizes produces an enhancement of cell performance mainly because of an improvement of the photocurrent. This increment is in good agreement with the theoretical predictions based on light scattering induced by dielectric SiO2 NPs. The samples using modified scaffolds with NPs also present a significant lower current-potential hysteresis indicating that NP incorporation also affects the ion accumulation at the perovskite interface, providing an additional beneficial effect. The results stress the importance of the appropriated management of the optical properties on further optimization of perovskite solar cell technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naemeh Aeineh
- Institute
of Advanced Materials (INAM), Universitat
Jaume I, Castelló 12006, Spain
- Atomic
and Molecular Group, Faculty of Physics, Yazd University, Yazd 51167-87317, Iran
| | - Andrés-Felipe Castro-Méndez
- Grupo
de Diseño de Productos y Procesos (GDPP), Chemical Engineering
Department, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá 111711, Colombia
| | | | - Rafael Abargues
- UMDO,
Instituto de Ciencia de los Materiales, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia 46071, Spain
| | - Ehsan Hassanabadi
- Institute
of Advanced Materials (INAM), Universitat
Jaume I, Castelló 12006, Spain
- Textile Engineering
Department, Textile Excellence & Research Centers, Amirkabir University of Technology, Hafez Avenue, Tehran 1591634311, Iran
| | - Isaac Suarez
- Institute
of Advanced Materials (INAM), Universitat
Jaume I, Castelló 12006, Spain
- UMDO,
Instituto de Ciencia de los Materiales, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia 46071, Spain
| | - Abbas Behjat
- Atomic
and Molecular Group, Faculty of Physics, Yazd University, Yazd 51167-87317, Iran
| | - Pablo Ortiz
- Grupo
de Diseño de Productos y Procesos (GDPP), Chemical Engineering
Department, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá 111711, Colombia
| | | | - Ivan Mora-Seró
- Institute
of Advanced Materials (INAM), Universitat
Jaume I, Castelló 12006, Spain
- E-mail:
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50
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Huang D, Goh T, McMillon-Brown L, Kong J, Zheng Y, Zhao J, Li Y, Zhao S, Xu Z, Taylor AD. PEOz-PEDOT:PSS Composite Layer: A Route to Suppressed Hysteresis and Enhanced Open-Circuit Voltage in a Planar Perovskite Solar Cell. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:25329-25336. [PMID: 29938503 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b05949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The successful commercialization of perovskite solar cells (Pvs-SCs) calls for the need to find low-temperature processable interlayers with outstanding charge-transport features. In this work, we strategically blend poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) (PEOz) with PEDOT:PSS as the modified hole transport layer (HTL) to achieve high-efficiency P-I-N CH3NH3PbI3 Pvs-SCs. The PEOz-PEDOT:PSS HTL exhibits enhanced features over the conventional layer including the following: (1) promoting perovskite with enlarged grain sizes to decrease the perovskite layer's recombination, (2) increasing the work function of the HTL, and (3) decreasing the noncapacitive current in Pvs-SCs. Remarkably, we demonstrate a 17.39% power conversion efficiency with very low hysteresis and high Voc values of 1.075 V for Pvs-SCs with PEOz-PEDOT:PSS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Huang
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Optical Information (Ministry of Education) , Beijing Jiaotong University , Beijing 100044 , China
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering , Yale University , New Haven , Connecticut 06511 , United States
- Hunan University of Technology , Zhuzhou 412008 , China
| | - Tenghooi Goh
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering , Yale University , New Haven , Connecticut 06511 , United States
| | - Lyndsey McMillon-Brown
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering , Yale University , New Haven , Connecticut 06511 , United States
| | - Jaemin Kong
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering , Yale University , New Haven , Connecticut 06511 , United States
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , New York University , Brooklyn , New York 11201 , United States
| | - Yifan Zheng
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering , Yale University , New Haven , Connecticut 06511 , United States
| | - Jiao Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Optical Information (Ministry of Education) , Beijing Jiaotong University , Beijing 100044 , China
| | - Yang Li
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Optical Information (Ministry of Education) , Beijing Jiaotong University , Beijing 100044 , China
| | - Suling Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Optical Information (Ministry of Education) , Beijing Jiaotong University , Beijing 100044 , China
| | - Zheng Xu
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Optical Information (Ministry of Education) , Beijing Jiaotong University , Beijing 100044 , China
| | - André D Taylor
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering , Yale University , New Haven , Connecticut 06511 , United States
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , New York University , Brooklyn , New York 11201 , United States
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