1
|
Liu Z, Tee SY, Guan G, Han MY. Atomically Substitutional Engineering of Transition Metal Dichalcogenide Layers for Enhancing Tailored Properties and Superior Applications. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2024; 16:95. [PMID: 38261169 PMCID: PMC10805767 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-023-01315-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) are a promising class of layered materials in the post-graphene era, with extensive research attention due to their diverse alternative elements and fascinating semiconductor behavior. Binary MX2 layers with different metal and/or chalcogen elements have similar structural parameters but varied optoelectronic properties, providing opportunities for atomically substitutional engineering via partial alteration of metal or/and chalcogenide atoms to produce ternary or quaternary TMDs. The resulting multinary TMD layers still maintain structural integrity and homogeneity while achieving tunable (opto)electronic properties across a full range of composition with arbitrary ratios of introduced metal or chalcogen to original counterparts (0-100%). Atomic substitution in TMD layers offers new adjustable degrees of freedom for tailoring crystal phase, band alignment/structure, carrier density, and surface reactive activity, enabling novel and promising applications. This review comprehensively elaborates on atomically substitutional engineering in TMD layers, including theoretical foundations, synthetic strategies, tailored properties, and superior applications. The emerging type of ternary TMDs, Janus TMDs, is presented specifically to highlight their typical compounds, fabrication methods, and potential applications. Finally, opportunities and challenges for further development of multinary TMDs are envisioned to expedite the evolution of this pivotal field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhaosu Liu
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China
| | - Si Yin Tee
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR, Singapore, 138634, Singapore
| | - Guijian Guan
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ming-Yong Han
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Singh M, Nguyen TT, P MA, Ngo QP, Kim DH, Kim NH, Lee JH. Metallic Metastable Hybrid 1T'/1T Phase Triggered Co,PSnS 2 Nanosheets for High Efficiency Trifunctional Electrocatalyst. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2206726. [PMID: 36599644 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202206726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The development of trifunctional electrocatalyst for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), oxygen evolution reaction (OER), and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) with deeply understanding the mechanism to enhance the electrochemical performance is still a challenging task. In this work, the distorted metastable hybrid-phase induced 1T'/1T Co,PSnS2 nanosheets on carbon cloth (1T'/1T Co,PSnS2 @CC) is prepared and examined. The density functional theoretical (DFT) calculation suggests that the distorted 1T'/1T Co,PSnS2 can provide excellent conductivity and strong hydrogen adsorption ability. The electronic structure tuning and enhancement mechanism of electrochemical performance are investigated and discussed. The optimal 1T'/1T Co,PSnS2 @CC catalyst exhibits low overpotential of ≈94 and 219.7 mV at 10 mA cm-2 for HER and OER, respectively. Remarkably, the catalyst exhibits exceptional ORR activity with small onset potential value (≈0.94 V) and half-wave potential (≈0.87 V). Most significantly, the 1T'/1T Co,PSnS2 ||Co,PSnS2 electrolyzer required small cell voltages of ≈1.53, 1.70, and 1.82 V at 10, 100, and 400 mA cm-2 , respectively, which are better than those of state-of-the-art Pt-C||RuO2 (≈1.56 and 1.84 V at 10 and 100 mA cm-2 ). The present study suggests a new approach for the preparation of large-scalable, high performance hierarchical 3D next-generation trifunctional electrocatalysts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manjinder Singh
- Advanced Materials Institute of Nano Convergence Technology (BK21 FOUR), Department of Nano Convergence Technology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Thanh Tuan Nguyen
- Advanced Materials Institute of Nano Convergence Technology (BK21 FOUR), Department of Nano Convergence Technology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Muthu Austeria P
- Division of Science Education, Graduate School of Department of Energy Storage/Conversion Engineering, Jeonbuk National University Jeonju, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Quynh Phuong Ngo
- Advanced Materials Institute of Nano Convergence Technology (BK21 FOUR), Department of Nano Convergence Technology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Do Hwan Kim
- Division of Science Education, Graduate School of Department of Energy Storage/Conversion Engineering, Jeonbuk National University Jeonju, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam Hoon Kim
- Advanced Materials Institute of Nano Convergence Technology (BK21 FOUR), Department of Nano Convergence Technology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Joong Hee Lee
- Advanced Materials Institute of Nano Convergence Technology (BK21 FOUR), Department of Nano Convergence Technology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, 54896, Republic of Korea
- Carbon Composite Research Centre, Department of Polymer Nano Science and Technology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, 54896, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Cui Z, Zhang Y, Xiong R, Wen C, Zhou J, Sa B, Sun Z. Giant tunneling magnetoresistance in two-dimensional magnetic tunnel junctions based on double transition metal MXene ScCr 2C 2F 2. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2022; 4:5144-5153. [PMID: 36504742 PMCID: PMC9680956 DOI: 10.1039/d2na00623e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) transition metal carbides (MXenes) with intrinsic magnetism and half-metallic features show great promising applications for spintronic and magnetic devices, for instance, achieving perfect spin-filtering in van der Waals (vdW) magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs). Herein, combining density functional theory calculations and nonequilibrium Green's function simulations, we systematically investigated the spin-dependent transport properties of 2D double transition metal MXene ScCr2C2F2-based vdW MTJs, where ScCr2C2F2 acts as the spin-filter tunnel barriers, 1T-MoS2 acts as the electrode and 2H-MoS2 as the tunnel barrier. We found that the spin-up electrons in the parallel configuration state play a decisive role in the transmission behavior. We found that all the constructed MTJs could hold large tunnel magnetoresistance (TMR) ratios over 9 × 105%. Especially, the maximum giant TMR ratio of 6.95 × 106% can be found in the vdW MTJ with trilayer 2H-MoS2 as the tunnel barrier. These results indicate the potential for spintronic applications of vdW MTJs based on 2D double transition metal MXene ScCr2C2F2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Cui
- Key Laboratory of Eco-materials Advanced Technology, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University Fuzhou 350108 P. R. China
| | - Yinggan Zhang
- College of Materials, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 P. R. China
| | - Rui Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Eco-materials Advanced Technology, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University Fuzhou 350108 P. R. China
| | - Cuilian Wen
- Key Laboratory of Eco-materials Advanced Technology, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University Fuzhou 350108 P. R. China
| | - Jian Zhou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Center for Integrated Computational Materials Science, International Research Institute for Multidisciplinary Science, Beihang University Beijing 100191 P. R. China
| | - Baisheng Sa
- Key Laboratory of Eco-materials Advanced Technology, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University Fuzhou 350108 P. R. China
| | - Zhimei Sun
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Center for Integrated Computational Materials Science, International Research Institute for Multidisciplinary Science, Beihang University Beijing 100191 P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Cavin J, Mishra R. Equilibrium phase diagrams of isostructural and heterostructural two-dimensional alloys from first principles. iScience 2022; 25:104161. [PMID: 35434554 PMCID: PMC9010766 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Alloying is a successful strategy for tuning the phases and properties of two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs). To accelerate the synthesis of TMDC alloys, we present a method for generating temperature-composition equilibrium phase diagrams by combining first-principles total-energy calculations with thermodynamic solution models. This method is applied to three representative 2D TMDC alloys: an isostructural alloy, MoS2(1-x)Te2x , and two heterostructural alloys, Mo1-x W x Te2 and WS2(1-x)Te2x . Using density-functional theory and special quasi-random structures, we show that the mixing enthalpy of these binary alloys can be reliably represented using a sub-regular solution model fitted to the total energies of relatively few compositions. The cubic sub-regular solution model captures 3-body effects that are important in TMDC alloys. By comparing phase diagrams generated with this method to those calculated with previous methods, we demonstrate that this method can be used to rapidly design phase diagrams of TMDC alloys and related 2D materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John Cavin
- Department of Physics, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Rohan Mishra
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Material Science, and Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Stability and Bandgap Engineering of In1-xGaxSe Monolayer. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12030515. [PMID: 35159860 PMCID: PMC8839788 DOI: 10.3390/nano12030515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Bandgap engineering of semiconductor materials represents a crucial step for their employment in optoelectronics and photonics. It offers the opportunity to tailor their electronic and optical properties, increasing the degree of freedom in designing new devices and widening the range of their possible applications. Here, we report the bandgap engineering of a layered InSe monolayer, a superior electronic and optical material, by substituting In atoms with Ga atoms. We developed a theoretical understanding of In1−xGaxSe stability and electronic properties in its whole compositional range (x=0−1) through first-principles density functional theory calculations, the cluster expansion method, and kinetic Monte Carlo simulations. Our findings highlight the possibility of modulating the InGaSe bandgap by ≈0.41 eV and reveal that this compound is an excellent candidate to be employed in many optoelectronic and photonic devices.
Collapse
|
6
|
Huang H, Zha J, Li S, Tan C. Two-dimensional alloyed transition metal dichalcogenide nanosheets: Synthesis and applications. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2021.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
7
|
Wines D, Saritas K, Ataca C. A pathway toward high-throughput quantum Monte Carlo simulations for alloys: A case study of two-dimensional (2D) GaS xSe 1-x. J Chem Phys 2021; 155:194112. [PMID: 34800964 DOI: 10.1063/5.0070423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The study of alloys using computational methods has been a difficult task due to the usually unknown stoichiometry and local atomic ordering of the different structures experimentally. In order to combat this, first-principles methods have been coupled with statistical methods such as the cluster expansion formalism in order to construct the energy hull diagram, which helps to determine if an alloyed structure can exist in nature. Traditionally, density functional theory (DFT) has been used in such workflows. In this paper, we propose to use chemically accurate many-body variational Monte Carlo (VMC) and diffusion Monte Carlo (DMC) methods to construct the energy hull diagram of an alloy system due to the fact that such methods have a weaker dependence on the starting wavefunction and density functional, scale similarly to DFT with the number of electrons, and have had demonstrated success for a variety of materials. To carry out these simulations in a high-throughput manner, we propose a method called Jastrow sharing, which involves recycling the optimized Jastrow parameters between alloys with different stoichiometries. We show that this eliminates the need for extra VMC Jastrow optimization calculations and results in significant computational cost savings (on average 1/4 savings of total computational time). Since it is a novel post-transition metal chalcogenide alloy series that has been synthesized in its few-layer form, we used monolayer GaSxSe1-x as a case study for our workflow. By extensively testing our Jastrow sharing procedure for monolayer GaSxSe1-x and quantifying the cost savings, we demonstrate how a pathway toward chemically accurate high-throughput simulations of alloys can be achieved using many-body VMC and DMC methods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Wines
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland 21250, USA
| | - Kayahan Saritas
- Department of Applied Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - Can Ataca
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland 21250, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kang G, Hong D, Kim JY, Lee GD, Lee S, Nam DH, Joo YC. Phase Engineering of Transition Metal Dichalcogenides via a Thermodynamically Designed Gas-Solid Reaction. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:8430-8439. [PMID: 34436917 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c02476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Polymorph conversion of transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) offers intriguing material phenomena that can be applied for tuning the intrinsic properties of 2D materials. In general, group VIB TMDs can have thermodynamically stable 2H phases and metastable 1T/T' phases. Herein, we report key principles to apply carbon monoxide (CO)-based gas-solid reactions for a universal polymorph conversion of group VIB TMDs without forming undesirable compounds. We found that the process conditions are strongly dependent on the reaction chemical potential of cations in the TMDs, which can be predicted by thermodynamic calculations, and that polymorphic conversion is triggered by S vacancy (VS) formation. Furthermore, we conducted DFT calculations for the reaction barriers of VS formation and S diffusion to reveal the polymorph conversion mechanism of WS2 and compared it with that of MoS2. We believe that phase engineering 2D materials via thermodynamically designed gas-solid reactions could be functionally used to achieve defect-related nanomaterials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Geosan Kang
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Deokgi Hong
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Yong Kim
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Gun-Do Lee
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Advanced Materials (RIAM), Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungwoo Lee
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Advanced Materials (RIAM), Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Hyun Nam
- Department of Energy Science & Engineering, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science & Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Chang Joo
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Advanced Materials (RIAM), Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Advanced Institute of Convergence Technology, 145 Gwanggyo-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon 16229, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Sharona H, Bhat U. Nature of optical excitations and bandgap of Re xMo 1-xS 2alloy at nanoscale probed from high resolution low loss electron energy loss spectroscopy. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2021; 33:455901. [PMID: 34380118 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ac1caf] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The two-dimensional (2D) transitional metal dichalcogenides (TMDS) have become an intensive research topic recently. The alloys of these TMDs have offered continuous tunability of the bandstructure and carrier concentration, providing a new opportunity for various device applications. Here the rich variations in optical excitations in RexMo1-xS2alloy at the nanoscale region are shown. The alloy bandgap and charge response are probed by low-loss high-resolution transmission electron energy loss spectroscopy (HR-EELS). Concurrent density functional theory calculations revealed many electronic structures from n-type semiconductors to metallic and p-type semiconducting nature with band bowing effect. The alloying-induced Peierls distortion leads to a change in crystal symmetry and decreased interlayer coupling. These alloys undergo indirect to direct bandgap transition with the function of Re concentration. These unique correlated structural and electronic properties of these 2D alloys can be potentially applicable for various electronic and optoelectronic devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Sharona
- International Centre for Materials Science, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore 560064, India
| | - U Bhat
- International Centre for Materials Science, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore 560064, India
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Bauers SR, Tellekamp MB, Roberts DM, Hammett B, Lany S, Ferguson AJ, Zakutayev A, Nanayakkara SU. Metal chalcogenides for neuromorphic computing: emerging materials and mechanisms. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 32:372001. [PMID: 33882467 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/abfa51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The approaching end of Moore's law scaling has significantly accelerated multiple fields of research including neuromorphic-, quantum-, and photonic computing, each of which possesses unique benefits unobtained through conventional binary computers. One of the most compelling arguments for neuromorphic computing systems is power consumption, noting that computations made in the human brain are approximately 106times more efficient than conventional CMOS logic. This review article focuses on the materials science and physical mechanisms found in metal chalcogenides that are currently being explored for use in neuromorphic applications. We begin by reviewing the key biological signal generation and transduction mechanisms within neuronal components of mammalian brains and subsequently compare with observed experimental measurements in chalcogenides. With robustness and energy efficiency in mind, we will focus on short-range mechanisms such as structural phase changes and correlated electron systems that can be driven by low-energy stimuli, such as temperature or electric field. We aim to highlight fundamental materials research and existing gaps that need to be overcome to enable further integration or advancement of metal chalcogenides for neuromorphic systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sage R Bauers
- Materials Science Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, CO 80401, United States of America
| | - M Brooks Tellekamp
- Materials Science Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, CO 80401, United States of America
| | - Dennice M Roberts
- Materials Science Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, CO 80401, United States of America
| | - Breanne Hammett
- Materials Science Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, CO 80401, United States of America
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado School of Mines, 1500 Illinois Avenue, Golden, CO 80401, United States of America
| | - Stephan Lany
- Materials Science Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, CO 80401, United States of America
| | - Andrew J Ferguson
- Chemistry and Nanoscience Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, CO 80401, United States of America
| | - Andriy Zakutayev
- Materials Science Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, CO 80401, United States of America
| | - Sanjini U Nanayakkara
- Materials Science Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, CO 80401, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Lin Y, Torsi R, Geohegan DB, Robinson JA, Xiao K. Controllable Thin-Film Approaches for Doping and Alloying Transition Metal Dichalcogenides Monolayers. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:2004249. [PMID: 33977064 PMCID: PMC8097379 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202004249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) exhibit exciting properties and versatile material chemistry that are promising for device miniaturization, energy, quantum information science, and optoelectronics. Their outstanding structural stability permits the introduction of various foreign dopants that can modulate their optical and electronic properties and induce phase transitions, thereby adding new functionalities such as magnetism, ferroelectricity, and quantum states. To accelerate their technological readiness, it is essential to develop controllable synthesis and processing techniques to precisely engineer the compositions and phases of 2D TMDs. While most reviews emphasize properties and applications of doped TMDs, here, recent progress on thin-film synthesis and processing techniques that show excellent controllability for substitutional doping of 2D TMDs are reported. These techniques are categorized into bottom-up methods that grow doped samples on substrates directly and top-down methods that use energetic sources to implant dopants into existing 2D crystals. The doped and alloyed variants from Group VI TMDs will be at the center of technical discussions, as they are expected to play essential roles in next-generation optoelectronic applications. Theoretical backgrounds based on first principles calculations will precede the technical discussions to help the reader understand each element's likelihood of substitutional doping and the expected impact on the material properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu‐Chuan Lin
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringThe Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPA16802USA
| | - Riccardo Torsi
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringThe Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPA16802USA
| | - David B. Geohegan
- Center for Nanophase Materials SciencesOak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTN37831USA
| | - Joshua A. Robinson
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringThe Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPA16802USA
- Two‐Dimensional Crystal ConsortiumThe Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPA16802USA
- Center for 2‐Dimensional and Layered MaterialsThe Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPA16802USA
| | - Kai Xiao
- Center for Nanophase Materials SciencesOak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTN37831USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Li Y, Wang M, Yi Y, Lu C, Dou S, Sun J. Metallic Transition Metal Dichalcogenides of Group VIB: Preparation, Stabilization, and Energy Applications. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2005573. [PMID: 33734605 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202005573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Layered transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) of group VIB have been widely used in the realms of energy storage and conversions. Along with the existence of semiconducting states, their metallic phases have recently attracted numerous attentions owing to their fascinating physical and chemical properties. Many efforts have been devoted to obtain metallic TMDs with high purity and yield. Nevertheless, such metallic phase is thermodynamically metastable and tends to convert into semiconducting phase, which necessitates the exploration over effective strategies to ensure the stability. In this review, typical fabrication routes are introduced and those critical factors during preparation are elaborately discussed. Moreover, the stabilized strategies are summarized with concrete examples highlighting the key mechanisms toward efficient stabilization. Finally, emerging energy applications are overviewed. This review presents comprehensive research status of metallic group VIB TMDs, aiming to facilitate further scientific investigations and promote future practical applications in the fields of energy storage and conversion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yihui Li
- College of Energy, Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials InnovationS (SIEMIS), Key Laboratory of Advanced Carbon Materials and Wearable Energy Technologies of Jiangsu Province, Soochow University, 688 Moye Road, Suzhou, 215006, P. R. China
| | - Menglei Wang
- College of Energy, Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials InnovationS (SIEMIS), Key Laboratory of Advanced Carbon Materials and Wearable Energy Technologies of Jiangsu Province, Soochow University, 688 Moye Road, Suzhou, 215006, P. R. China
| | - Yuyang Yi
- College of Energy, Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials InnovationS (SIEMIS), Key Laboratory of Advanced Carbon Materials and Wearable Energy Technologies of Jiangsu Province, Soochow University, 688 Moye Road, Suzhou, 215006, P. R. China
| | - Chen Lu
- College of Energy, Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials InnovationS (SIEMIS), Key Laboratory of Advanced Carbon Materials and Wearable Energy Technologies of Jiangsu Province, Soochow University, 688 Moye Road, Suzhou, 215006, P. R. China
- Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
| | - Shixue Dou
- Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
| | - Jingyu Sun
- College of Energy, Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials InnovationS (SIEMIS), Key Laboratory of Advanced Carbon Materials and Wearable Energy Technologies of Jiangsu Province, Soochow University, 688 Moye Road, Suzhou, 215006, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Ling F, Xia W, Li L, Zhou X, Luo X, Bu Q, Huang J, Liu X, Kang W, Zhou M. Single Transition Metal Atom Bound to the Unconventional Phase of the MoS 2 Monolayer for Catalytic Oxygen Reduction Reaction: A First-Principles Study. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:17412-17419. [PMID: 33844514 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c21597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Supported single-atom catalysts (SACs) have received a lot of attention due to their super-high atom utilization and outstanding catalytic performance. However, the instability of the supported transition-metal (TM) atoms hampers their widespread applications. Exploration of an appropriate substrate to stabilize the supported single atom is crucial for the future implementation of SACs. In recent years, two-dimensional materials have been proposed as possible substrates due to their large specific surface areas, but their chemically inert surfaces are difficult to stabilize TM atoms without defecting or doping. Herein, by means of systematic first-principles calculations, we demonstrate that the defect-free MoS2 monolayer in the unconventional phase (1T') can effectively immobilize single TM atoms owing to its unique electrophilic property as compared to the conventional 2H phase. As a prototype probe, we investigated oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalyzed by a total of 21 single TM atoms stabilized on 1T'-MoS2 and successfully screened out two candidates, Cu and Pd@1T'-MoS2, which have a low overpotential of 0.41 and 0.32 V respectively, outperforming most of the previously reported ORR catalysts. Furthermore, we reveal that the adsorption energy of the ORR intermediate, *OH, provides an excellent descriptor to assess the ORR activity, which is further determined by the d-band center of the supported TM adatoms, thus being a great advantage for future design of stable and high-performance SACs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Faling Ling
- School of Science, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing 400065, P. R. China
| | - Weidi Xia
- School of Science, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing 400065, P. R. China
| | - Li Li
- School of Science, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing 400065, P. R. China
| | - Xianju Zhou
- School of Science, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing 400065, P. R. China
| | - Xu Luo
- School of Science, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing 400065, P. R. China
| | - Qingzhou Bu
- School of Science, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing 400065, P. R. China
| | - Jiacai Huang
- School of Science, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing 400065, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoqing Liu
- College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, P. R. China
| | - Wei Kang
- College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, P. R. China
| | - Miao Zhou
- College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Shao G, Lu Y, Hong J, Xue X, Huang J, Xu Z, Lu X, Jin Y, Liu X, Li H, Hu S, Suenaga K, Han Z, Jiang Y, Li S, Feng Y, Pan A, Lin Y, Cao Y, Liu S. Seamlessly Splicing Metallic Sn x Mo 1- x S 2 at MoS 2 Edge for Enhanced Photoelectrocatalytic Performance in Microreactor. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2020; 7:2002172. [PMID: 33344127 PMCID: PMC7739950 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202002172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Accurate design of the 2D metal-semiconductor (M-S) heterostructure via the covalent combination of appropriate metallic and semiconducting materials is urgently needed for fabricating high-performance nanodevices and enhancing catalytic performance. Hence, the lateral epitaxial growth of M-S Sn x Mo1- x S2/MoS2 heterostructure is precisely prepared with in situ growth of metallic Sn x Mo1- x S2 by doping Sn atoms at semiconductor MoS2 edge via one-step chemical vapor deposition. The atomically sharp interface of this heterostructure exhibits clearly distinguished performance based on a series of characterizations. The oxygen evolution photoelectrocatalytic performance of the epitaxial M-S heterostructure is 2.5 times higher than that of pure MoS2 in microreactor, attributed to the efficient electron-hole separation and rapid charge transfer. This growth method provides a general strategy for fabricating seamless M-S lateral heterostructures by controllable doping heteroatoms. The M-S heterostructures show increased carrier migration rate and eliminated Fermi level pinning effect, contributing to their potential in devices and catalytic system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gonglei Shao
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Nanomedicine (ICBN)State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and ChemometricsCollege of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHunan UniversityChangsha410082P. R. China
| | - Yizhen Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid SurfacesCollaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM)College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringXiamen UniversityXiamen361005P. R. China
| | - Jinhua Hong
- Nanomaterials Research InstituteNational Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)Tsukuba305‐8565Japan
| | - Xiong‐Xiong Xue
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Low‐Dimensional Structural Physics and DevicesSchool of Physics and ElectronicsHunan UniversityChangsha410082P. R. China
- School of Physics and OptoelectronicsXiangtan UniversityXiangtan411105P. R. China
| | - Jinqiang Huang
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials ScienceInstitute of Metal ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesShenyang110016P. R. China
- School of Material Science and EngineeringUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei230026P. R. China
| | - Zheyuan Xu
- Key Laboratory for Micro‐Nano Physics and Technology of Hunan ProvinceState Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and ChemometricsCollege of Materials Science and EngineeringHunan UniversityChangsha410082P. R. China
| | - Xiangchao Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid SurfacesCollaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM)College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringXiamen UniversityXiamen361005P. R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Jin
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Nanomedicine (ICBN)State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and ChemometricsCollege of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHunan UniversityChangsha410082P. R. China
| | - Xiao Liu
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Nanomedicine (ICBN)State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and ChemometricsCollege of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHunan UniversityChangsha410082P. R. China
| | - Huimin Li
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Nanomedicine (ICBN)State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and ChemometricsCollege of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHunan UniversityChangsha410082P. R. China
| | - Sheng Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid SurfacesCollaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM)College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringXiamen UniversityXiamen361005P. R. China
| | - Kazu Suenaga
- Nanomaterials Research InstituteNational Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)Tsukuba305‐8565Japan
| | - Zheng Han
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials ScienceInstitute of Metal ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesShenyang110016P. R. China
- School of Material Science and EngineeringUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei230026P. R. China
| | - Ying Jiang
- School of Physics and ElectronicsHunan UniversityChangsha410082P. R. China
| | - Shisheng Li
- International Center for Young Scientists (ICYS)National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS)Tsukuba305‐0044Japan
| | - Yexin Feng
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Low‐Dimensional Structural Physics and DevicesSchool of Physics and ElectronicsHunan UniversityChangsha410082P. R. China
| | - Anlian Pan
- Key Laboratory for Micro‐Nano Physics and Technology of Hunan ProvinceState Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and ChemometricsCollege of Materials Science and EngineeringHunan UniversityChangsha410082P. R. China
| | - Yung‐Chang Lin
- Nanomaterials Research InstituteNational Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)Tsukuba305‐8565Japan
| | - Yang Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid SurfacesCollaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM)College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringXiamen UniversityXiamen361005P. R. China
| | - Song Liu
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Nanomedicine (ICBN)State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and ChemometricsCollege of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHunan UniversityChangsha410082P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Liu J, Ren JC, Shen T, Liu X, Butch CJ, Li S, Liu W. Asymmetric Schottky Contacts in van der Waals Metal-Semiconductor-Metal Structures Based on Two-Dimensional Janus Materials. RESEARCH 2020; 2020:6727524. [PMID: 33623908 PMCID: PMC7877374 DOI: 10.34133/2020/6727524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Physical and electronic asymmetry plays a crucial role in rectifiers and other devices with a directionally variant current-voltage (I-V) ratio. Several strategies for practically creating asymmetry in nanoscale components have been demonstrated, but complex fabrication procedures, high cost, and incomplete mechanistic understanding have significantly limited large-scale applications of these components. In this work, we present density functional theory calculations which demonstrate asymmetric electronic properties in a metal-semiconductor-metal (MSM) interface composed of stacked van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures. Janus MoSSe has an intrinsic dipole due to its asymmetric structure and, consequently, can act as either an n-type or p-type diode depending on the face at the interior of the stacked structure (SeMoS-SMoS vs. SMoSe-SMoS). In each configuration, vdW forces dominate the interfacial interactions, and thus, Fermi level pinning is largely suppressed. Our transport calculations show that not only does the intrinsic dipole cause asymmetric I-V characteristics in the MSM structure but also that different transmission mechanisms are involved across the S-S (direct tunneling) and S-Se interface (thermionic excitation). This work illustrates a simple and practical method to introduce asymmetric Schottky barriers into an MSM structure and provides a conceptual framework which can be extended to other 2D Janus semiconductors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia Liu
- Nano and Heterogeneous Materials Center, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Ji-Chang Ren
- Nano and Heterogeneous Materials Center, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Tao Shen
- Nano and Heterogeneous Materials Center, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Xinyi Liu
- Nano and Heterogeneous Materials Center, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Christopher J Butch
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,Blue Marble Space Institute of Science, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Shuang Li
- Nano and Heterogeneous Materials Center, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Nano and Heterogeneous Materials Center, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Canton-Vitoria R, Hotta T, Liu Z, Inoue T, Kitaura R. Stabilization of metallic phases through formation of metallic/semiconducting lateral heterostructures. J Chem Phys 2020; 153:084702. [PMID: 32872864 DOI: 10.1063/5.0012782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we develop a new approach for stabilization of metallic phases of monolayer MoS2 through the formation of lateral heterostructures composed of semiconducting/metallic MoS2. The structure of metallic (a mixture of T and T') and semiconducting (2H) phases was unambiguously characterized by Raman spectroscopy, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, photoluminescence imaging, and transmission electron microscope observations. The amount of NaCl, reaction temperature, reaction time, and locations of substrates are essential for controlling the percentage of metallic/semiconducting phases in lateral heterostructures; loading a large amount of NaCl at low temperatures with short reaction times prefers metallic phases. The existence of the semiconducting phase in MoS2 lateral heterostructures significantly enhances the stability of the metallic phases through passivation of reactive edges. The same approach can be applied to other transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), such as WS2, leading to boosting of basic research and application of TMDs in metallic phases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Takato Hotta
- Department of Chemistry, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Zheng Liu
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Nagoya 463-8560, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Inoue
- Department of Chemistry, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Ryo Kitaura
- Department of Chemistry, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Hemmat Z, Cavin J, Ahmadiparidari A, Ruckel A, Rastegar S, Misal SN, Majidi L, Kumar K, Wang S, Guo J, Dawood R, Lagunas F, Parajuli P, Ngo AT, Curtiss LA, Cho SB, Cabana J, Klie RF, Mishra R, Salehi-Khojin A. Quasi-Binary Transition Metal Dichalcogenide Alloys: Thermodynamic Stability Prediction, Scalable Synthesis, and Application. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1907041. [PMID: 32449197 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201907041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Transition metal dichalcogenide (TMDCs) alloys could have a wide range of physical and chemical properties, ranging from charge density waves to superconductivity and electrochemical activities. While many exciting behaviors of unary TMDCs have been demonstrated, the vast compositional space of TMDC alloys has remained largely unexplored due to the lack of understanding regarding their stability when accommodating different cations or chalcogens in a single-phase. Here, a theory-guided synthesis approach is reported to achieve unexplored quasi-binary TMDC alloys through computationally predicted stability maps. Equilibrium temperature-composition phase diagrams using first-principles calculations are generated to identify the stability of 25 quasi-binary TMDC alloys, including some involving non-isovalent cations and are verified experimentally through the synthesis of a subset of 12 predicted alloys using a scalable chemical vapor transport method. It is demonstrated that the synthesized alloys can be exfoliated into 2D structures, and some of them exhibit: i) outstanding thermal stability tested up to 1230 K, ii) exceptionally high electrochemical activity for the CO2 reduction reaction in a kinetically limited regime with near zero overpotential for CO formation, iii) excellent energy efficiency in a high rate Li-air battery, and iv) high break-down current density for interconnect applications. This framework can be extended to accelerate the discovery of other TMDC alloys for various applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Hemmat
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
| | - John Cavin
- Department of Physics, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Alireza Ahmadiparidari
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
| | - Alexander Ruckel
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
| | - Sina Rastegar
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
| | - Saurabh N Misal
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
| | - Leily Majidi
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
| | - Khagesh Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
| | - Shuxi Wang
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
| | - Jinglong Guo
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
| | - Radwa Dawood
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
| | - Francisco Lagunas
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
| | - Prakash Parajuli
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
| | - Anh Tuan Ngo
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Larry A Curtiss
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Sung Beom Cho
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Material Science, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Jordi Cabana
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
| | - Robert F Klie
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
| | - Rohan Mishra
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Material Science, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
- Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Amin Salehi-Khojin
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Raffone F, Savazzi F, Cicero G. Controlled Pore Generation in Single-Layer Graphene Oxide for Membrane Desalination. J Phys Chem Lett 2019; 10:7492-7497. [PMID: 31735028 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b03255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Nanoporous graphene was proposed as an efficient material for reverse osmosis water desalination membranes because it allows water molecules to pass at high flux while rejecting hydrated salt ions. Nevertheless, from an experimental point of view it is still difficult to control the pore size. A scalable method to generate pores is urgently required for the diffusion of this technology. We propose, by theoretical calculations, an innovative and scalable strategy to better control the dimension of the pores in graphene-based membranes by reduction of single-layer graphene oxide (GO). The latter is first annealed at a controlled mild temperature to induce the aggregation of its randomly distributed oxygen-containing functional groups into small nanometric clusters. The layer then undergoes a high-temperature reducing treatment that causes the desorption of the functional groups along with carbon removal only in the oxidized areas, producing subnanometric pores while leaving unchanged the remaining pristine graphene areas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Federico Raffone
- Dipartimento di Scienza Applicata e Tecnologia , Politecnico di Torino , Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24 , Torino 10129 , Italy
| | - Filippo Savazzi
- Dipartimento di Scienza Applicata e Tecnologia , Politecnico di Torino , Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24 , Torino 10129 , Italy
| | - Giancarlo Cicero
- Dipartimento di Scienza Applicata e Tecnologia , Politecnico di Torino , Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24 , Torino 10129 , Italy
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Leonhardt A, Chiappe D, Afanas'ev VV, El Kazzi S, Shlyakhov I, Conard T, Franquet A, Huyghebaert C, de Gendt S. Material-Selective Doping of 2D TMDC through Al xO y Encapsulation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:42697-42707. [PMID: 31625717 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b11550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
For the integration of two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDC) with high-performance electronic systems, one of the greatest challenges is the realization of doping and comprehension of its mechanisms. Low-temperature atomic layer deposition of aluminum oxide is found to n-dope MoS2 and ReS2 but not WS2. Based on electrical, optical, and chemical analyses, we propose and validate a hypothesis to explain the doping mechanism. Doping is ascribed to donor states in the band gap of AlxOy, which donate electrons or not, based on the alignment of the electronic bands of the 2D TMDC. Through systematic experimental characterization, incorporation of impurities (e.g., carbon) is identified as the likely cause of such states. By modulating the carbon concentration in the capping oxide, doping can be controlled. Through systematic and comprehensive experimental analysis, this study correlates, for the first time, 2D TMDC doping to the carbon incorporation on dielectric encapsulation layers. We highlight the possibility to engineer dopant layers to control the material selectivity and doping concentration in 2D TMDC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Leonhardt
- Department of Chemistry , K.U. Leuven , Celestijnenlaan 200 F , B-3001 Leuven , Belgium
- Imec , Kapeldreef 75 , 3001 Leuven , Belgium
| | | | - Valeri V Afanas'ev
- Department of Physics and Astronomy , K.U. Leuven , Celestijnenlaan 200 D , B-3001 Leuven , Belgium
| | | | - Ilya Shlyakhov
- Department of Physics and Astronomy , K.U. Leuven , Celestijnenlaan 200 D , B-3001 Leuven , Belgium
| | | | | | | | - Stefan de Gendt
- Department of Chemistry , K.U. Leuven , Celestijnenlaan 200 F , B-3001 Leuven , Belgium
- Imec , Kapeldreef 75 , 3001 Leuven , Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Palummo M, D'Auria AN, Grossman JC, Cicero G. Tailoring the optical properties of MoS 2 and WS 2 single layers via organic functionalization. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2019; 31:235701. [PMID: 30831563 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ab0c5e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Tailoring the structural and electronic properties of 2D materials is fundamental to boost their use in a wide range of technological applications. In this paper, by means of first principles simulations, we show how methyl functionalization of MoS2 and WS2 monolayers can be employed to change their energy gap, tune their optoelectronic properties and modify the relative stability of their structural phases (or polytypes). In particular for both compound monolayers, we find that the most stable semiconducting H phase becomes metallic upon methyl functionalization, while in the metastable T' phase the band gap increases as a function of the -CH3 coverage; correspondingly the phase stability is reversed and the on-set of the optical absorption is blue-shifted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Palummo
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma Tor Vergata and INFN, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Roma, Italy
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Aierken Y, Sevik C, Gülseren O, Peeters FM, Çakır D. In pursuit of barrierless transition metal dichalcogenides lateral heterojunctions. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 29:295202. [PMID: 29714168 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aac17d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
There is an increasing need to understand interfaces between two-dimensional materials to realize an energy efficient boundary with low contact resistance and small heat dissipation. In this respect, we investigated the impact of charge and substitutional atom doping on the electronic transport properties of the hybrid metallic-semiconducting lateral junctions, formed between metallic (1T and 1T d ) and semiconducting (1H) phases of MoS2 by means of first-principles and non-equilibrium Green function formalism based calculations. Our results clearly revealed the strong influence of the type of interface and crystallographic orientation of the metallic phase on the transport properties of these systems. The Schottky barrier height, which is the dominant mechanism for contact resistance, was found to be as large as 0.63 eV and 1.19 eV for holes and electrons, respectively. We found that armchair interfaces are more conductive as compared to zigzag termination due to the presence of the metallic Mo zigzag chains that are directed along the transport direction. In order to manipulate these barrier heights we investigated the influence of electron doping of the metallic part (i.e. 1T d -MoS2). We observed that the Fermi level of the hybrid system moves towards the conduction band of semiconducting 1H-MoS2 due to filling of 4d-orbital of metallic MoS2, and thus the Schottky barrier for electrons decreases considerably. Besides electron doping, we also investigated the effect of substitutional doping of metallic MoS2 by replacing Mo atoms with either Re or Ta. Due to its valency, Re (Ta) behaves as a donor (acceptor) and reduces the Schottky barrier for electrons (holes). Since Re and Ta based transition metal dichalcogenides crystallize in either the 1T d or 1T phase, substitutional doping with these atom favors the stabilization of the 1T d phase of MoS2. Co-doping of hybrid structure results in an electronic structure, which facilities easy dissociation of excitons created in the 1H part.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yierpan Aierken
- Department of Physics, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerpen, Belgium
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Reshmi S, Akshaya MV, Satpati B, Basu PK, Bhattacharjee K. Structural stability of coplanar 1T-2H superlattice MoS 2 under high energy electron beam. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 29:205604. [PMID: 29498935 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aab3c3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Coplanar heterojunctions composed of van der Waals layered materials with different structural polymorphs have drawn immense interest recently due to low contact resistance and high carrier injection rate owing to low Schottky barrier height. Present research has largely focused on efficient exfoliation of these layered materials and their restacking to achieve better performances. We present here a microwave assisted easy, fast and efficient route to induce high concentration of metallic 1T phase in the original 2H matrix of exfoliated MoS2 layers and thus facilitating the formation of a 1T-2H coplanar superlattice phase. High resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) investigations reveal formation of highly crystalline 1T-2H hybridized structure with sharp interface and disclose the evidence of surface ripplocations within the same exfoliated layer of MoS2. In this work, the structural stability of 1T-2H superlattice phase during HRTEM measurements under an electron beam of energy 300 keV is reported. This structural stability could be either associated to the change in electronic configuration due to induction of the restacked hybridized phase with 1T- and 2H-regions or to the formation of the surface ripplocations. Surface ripplocations can act as an additional source of scattering centers to the electron beam and also it is possible that a pulse train of propagating ripplocations can sweep out the defects via interaction from specific areas of MoS2 sheets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Reshmi
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Space Science and Technology (IIST), Thiruvananthapuram 695 547, Kerala, India
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Chang RJ, Tan H, Wang X, Porter B, Chen T, Sheng Y, Zhou Y, Huang H, Bhaskaran H, Warner JH. High-Performance All 2D-Layered Tin Disulfide: Graphene Photodetecting Transistors with Thickness-Controlled Interface Dynamics. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:13002-13010. [PMID: 29630341 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b01038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Tin disulfide crystals with layered two-dimensional (2D) sheets are grown by chemical vapor deposition using a novel precursor approach and integrated into all 2D transistors with graphene (Gr) electrodes. The Gr:SnS2:Gr transistors exhibit excellent photodetector response with high detectivity and photoresponsivity. We show that the response of the all 2D photodetectors depends upon charge trapping at the interface and the Schottky barrier modulation. The thickness-dependent SnS2 measurements in devices reveal a transition from the interface-dominated response for thin crystals to bulklike response for the thicker SnS2 crystals, showing the sensitivity of devices fabricated using layered materials on the number of layers. These results show that SnS2 has photosensing performance when combined with Gr electrodes that is comparable to other 2D transition metal dichalcogenides of MoS2 and WS2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ren-Jie Chang
- Department of Materials , University of Oxford , Parks Road , Oxford OX1 3PH , U.K
| | - Haijie Tan
- Department of Materials , University of Oxford , Parks Road , Oxford OX1 3PH , U.K
| | - Xiaochen Wang
- Department of Materials , University of Oxford , Parks Road , Oxford OX1 3PH , U.K
| | - Benjamin Porter
- Department of Materials , University of Oxford , Parks Road , Oxford OX1 3PH , U.K
| | - Tongxin Chen
- Department of Materials , University of Oxford , Parks Road , Oxford OX1 3PH , U.K
| | - Yuewen Sheng
- Department of Materials , University of Oxford , Parks Road , Oxford OX1 3PH , U.K
| | - Yingqiu Zhou
- Department of Materials , University of Oxford , Parks Road , Oxford OX1 3PH , U.K
| | - Hefu Huang
- Department of Materials , University of Oxford , Parks Road , Oxford OX1 3PH , U.K
| | - Harish Bhaskaran
- Department of Materials , University of Oxford , Parks Road , Oxford OX1 3PH , U.K
| | - Jamie H Warner
- Department of Materials , University of Oxford , Parks Road , Oxford OX1 3PH , U.K
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Krishnamoorthy A, Bassman Oftelie L, Kalia RK, Nakano A, Shimojo F, Vashishta P. Semiconductor-metal structural phase transformation in MoTe 2 monolayers by electronic excitation. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:2742-2747. [PMID: 29334101 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr07890k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Optical modulation of the crystal structure and materials properties is an increasingly important technique for functionalization of two-dimensional and layered semiconductors, where traditional methods like chemical doping are ineffective. Controllable transformation between the semiconducting (H) and semimetallic (T') polytypes of transition metal chalcogenide monolayers is of central importance to two-dimensional electronics, and thermally-driven and strain-driven examples of this phase transformation have been previously reported. However, the possibility of a H-T' phase transformation driven by electronic or optical excitation is less explored and little is known about the potential energy surface and the magnitude of activation barriers or the mechanism of the phase transformation in the excited state. Here, we model the electronic and ionic structure of excited MoTe2 crystals and demonstrate how electronic excitation leads to a Fermi-surface-nesting driven softening of phonon modes at the Brillouin zone boundary and the subsequent stabilization of a low-energy intermediate crystal structure along the semiconductor-metal phase transition pathway. The significantly reduced barriers for this transformation upon electronic excitation suggest that optical excitation may enable rapid and controllable synthesis of lateral semiconductor-metal heterophase homojunctions in monolayer materials for use in next-generation two-dimensional nano-electronics applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aravind Krishnamoorthy
- Collaboratory for Advanced Computing and Simulations, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|