1
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Yu C, Kawakita Y, Kikuchi T, Kofu M, Honda T, Zhang Z, Zhang Z, Liu Y, Liu SF, Li B. Atomic Structure and Dynamics of Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Perovskite Formamidinium Lead Iodide. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:329-338. [PMID: 38170631 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c02498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
The atomic dynamic behaviors of formamidinium lead iodide [HC(NH2)2PbI3] are critical for understanding and improving photovoltaic performances. However, they remain unclear. Here, we investigate the structural phase transitions and the reorientation dynamics of the formamidinium cation [HC(NH2)2+, FA+] of FAPbI3 using neutron scattering techniques. Two structural phase transitions occur with decreasing temperature, from cubic to tetragonal phase at 285 K and then to another tetragonal at 140 K, accompanied by gradually frozen reorientation of FA cations. The nearly isotropic reorientation in the cubic phase is suppressed to reorientation motions involving a two-fold (C2) rotation along the N···N axis and a four-fold (C4) rotation along the C-H axis in the tetragonal phase, and eventually to local disordered motion as a partial C4 along the C-H axis in another tetragonal phase, thereby indicating an intimate interplay between lattice and orientation degrees of freedom in the hybrid perovskite materials. The present complete atomic structure and dynamics provide a solid standing point to understand and then improve photovoltaic properties of organic-inorganic hybrid perovskites in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyang Yu
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China
| | | | - Tatsuya Kikuchi
- J-PARC Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Tokai 319-1195, Japan
| | - Maiko Kofu
- J-PARC Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Tokai 319-1195, Japan
| | - Takashi Honda
- Institute of Materials Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tokai, Ibaraki 319-1106, Japan
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China
| | - Zhao Zhang
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China
| | - Yucheng Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, China
| | - Shengzhong Frank Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, China
| | - Bing Li
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China
- J-PARC Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Tokai 319-1195, Japan
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2
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Drużbicki K, Gila-Herranz P, Marin-Villa P, Gaboardi M, Armstrong J, Fernandez-Alonso F. Cation Dynamics as Structure Explorer in Hybrid Perovskites-The Case of MAPbI 3. CRYSTAL GROWTH & DESIGN 2024; 24:391-404. [PMID: 38188269 PMCID: PMC10768891 DOI: 10.1021/acs.cgd.3c01112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Hybrid organic-inorganic perovskites exhibit remarkable potential as cost-effective and high-efficiency materials for photovoltaic applications. Their exceptional chemical tunability opens further routes for optimizing their optical and electronic properties through structural engineering. Nevertheless, the extraordinary softness of the lattice, stemming from its interconnected organic-inorganic composition, unveils formidable challenges in structural characterization. Here, by focusing on the quintessential methylammonium lead triiodide, MAPbI3, we combine first-principles modeling with high-resolution neutron scattering data to identify the key stationary points on its shallow potential energy landscape. This combined experimental and computational approach enables us to benchmark the performance of a collection of semilocal exchange-correlation functionals and to track the local distortions of the perovskite framework, hallmarked by the inelastic neutron scattering response of the organic cation. By conducting a thorough examination of structural distortions, we introduce the IKUR-PVP-1 structural data set. This data set contains nine mechanically stable structural models, each manifesting a distinct vibrational response. IKUR-PVP-1 constitutes a valuable resource for assessing thermal behavior in the low-temperature perovskite phase. In addition, it paves the way for the development of accurate force fields, enabling a comprehensive understanding of the interplay between the structure and dynamics in MAPbI3 and related hybrid perovskites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kacper Drużbicki
- Materials
Physics Center, CSIC-UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, Donostia-San Sebastian 20018, Spain
- Polish
Academy of Sciences, Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Sienkiewicza 112, Lodz 90-363, Poland
| | - Pablo Gila-Herranz
- Materials
Physics Center, CSIC-UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, Donostia-San Sebastian 20018, Spain
| | - Pelayo Marin-Villa
- Materials
Physics Center, CSIC-UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, Donostia-San Sebastian 20018, Spain
| | - Mattia Gaboardi
- Materials
Physics Center, CSIC-UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, Donostia-San Sebastian 20018, Spain
- C.S.G.I.
& Chemistry Department, University of
Pavia, Viale Taramelli,
16, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - Jeff Armstrong
- ISIS
Neutron and Muon Facility, Rutherford Appleton
Laboratory, Didcot OX11 0QX, U.K.
| | - Felix Fernandez-Alonso
- Materials
Physics Center, CSIC-UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, Donostia-San Sebastian 20018, Spain
- Donostia
International Physics Center (DIPC), Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4, Donostia-San
Sebastian 20018, Spain
- IKERBASQUE,
Basque Foundation for Science, Plaza Euskadi 5, Bilbao 48009, Spain
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3
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Mishra A, Hope MA, Grätzel M, Emsley L. A Complete Picture of Cation Dynamics in Hybrid Perovskite Materials from Solid-State NMR Spectroscopy. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:978-990. [PMID: 36580303 PMCID: PMC9853870 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c10149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The organic cations in hybrid organic-inorganic perovskites rotate rapidly inside the cuboctahedral cavities formed by the inorganic lattice, influencing optoelectronic properties. Here, we provide a complete quantitative picture of cation dynamics for formamidinium-based perovskites and mixed-cation compositions, which are the most widely used and promising absorber layers for perovskite solar cells today. We use 2H and 14N quadrupolar solid-state NMR relaxometry under magic-angle spinning to determine the activation energy (Ea) and correlation time (τc) at room temperature for rotation about each principal axis of a series of organic cations. Specifically, we investigate methylammonium (MA+), formamidinium (FA+), and guanidinium (GUA+) cations in current state-of-the-art single- and multi-cation perovskite compositions. We find that MA+, FA+, and GUA+ all have at least one component of rotation that occurs on the picosecond timescale at room temperature, with MA+ and GUA+ also exhibiting faster and slower components, respectively. The cation dynamics depend on the symmetry of the inorganic lattice but are found to be insensitive to the degree of cation substitution. In particular, the FA+ rotation is invariant across all compositions studied here, when sufficiently above the phase transition temperature. We further identify an unusual relaxation mechanism for the 2H of MA+ in mechanosynthesized FAxMA1-xPbI3, which was found to result from physical diffusion to paramagnetic defects. This precise picture of cation dynamics will enable better understanding of the relationship between the organic cations and the optoelectronic properties of perovskites, guiding the design principles for more efficient perovskite solar cells in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditya Mishra
- Institut des Sciences et Ingéniere
Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale
de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Michael A. Hope
- Institut des Sciences et Ingéniere
Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale
de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Michael Grätzel
- Institut des Sciences et Ingéniere
Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale
de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Lyndon Emsley
- Institut des Sciences et Ingéniere
Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale
de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015Lausanne, Switzerland
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4
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Suppressing non-radiative recombination in metal halide perovskite solar cells by synergistic effect of ferroelasticity. Nat Commun 2023; 14:256. [PMID: 36650201 PMCID: PMC9845300 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-35837-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The low fraction of non-radiative recombination established the foundation of metal halide perovskite solar cells. However, the origin of low non-radiative recombination in metal halide perovskite materials is still not well-understood. Herein, we find that the non-radiative recombination in twinning-tetragonal phase methylammonium lead halide (MAPbIxCl3-x) is apparently suppressed by applying an electric field, which leads to a remarkable increase of the open-circuit voltage from 1.12 V to 1.26 V. Possible effects of ionic migration and light soaking on the open-circuit voltage enhancement are excluded experimentally by control experiments. Microscopic and macroscopic characterizations reveal an excellent correlation between the ferroelastic lattice deformation and the suppression of non-radiative recombination. The calculation result suggests the existence of lattice polarization in self-stabilizable deformed domain walls, indicating the charge separation that facilitated by lattice polarization is accountable for the suppressed non-radiative recombination. This work provides an understanding of the excellent performance of metal halide perovskite solar cells.
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The Effect of Short Chain Carboxylic Acids as Additives on the Crystallization of Methylammonium Lead Triiodide (MAPI). INORGANICS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/inorganics10110201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to their exceptional properties, the study of hybrid perovskite (HyP) structures and applications dominate current photovoltaic prospects. Methylammonium lead tri-iodide perovskite (MAPI) is the model compound of the HyP class of materials that, in a few years, achieved, in photovoltaics, a power conversion efficiency of 25%. The attention on HyP has recently moved to large single crystals as emerging candidates for photovoltaic application because of their improved stability and optoelectronic properties compared to polycrystalline films. To control the quality and symmetry of the large MAPI single crystals, we proposed an original method that consisted of adding short-chain carboxylic acids to the inverse temperature crystallization (ICT) of MAPI in γ-butyrolactone (GBL). The crystals were characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction (SC-XRD), X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) and Raman spectroscopy. Based on SC-XRD analysis, MAPI crystals grown using acetic and trifluoroacetic acids adopt a tetragonal symmetry “I4cm”. MAPI grown in the presence of formic acid turned out to crystallize in the orthorhombic “Fmmm” space group demonstrating the acid’s effect on the crystallization of MAPI.
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6
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Marín-Villa P, Arauzo A, Drużbicki K, Fernandez-Alonso F. Unraveling the Ordered Phase of the Quintessential Hybrid Perovskite MAPbI 3─Thermophysics to the Rescue. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:8422-8428. [PMID: 36069450 PMCID: PMC9486940 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c02208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Hybrid perovskites continue to attract an enormous amount of attention, yet a robust microscopic picture of their different phases as well as the extent and nature of the disorder present remains elusive. Using specific-heat data along with high-resolution inelastic neutron scattering and ab initio modeling, we address this ongoing challenge for the case of the ordered phase of the quintessential hybrid-perovskite MAPbI3. At low temperatures, the specific heat of MAPbI3 reveals strong deviations from the Debye limit, a common feature of pure hybrid perovskites and their mixtures. Our thermophysical analysis demonstrates that the (otherwise ordered) structure around the organic moiety is characterized by a substantial lowering of the local symmetry relative to what can be inferred from crystallographic studies. The physical origin of the observed thermophysical anomalies is unequivocally linked to excitations of sub-terahertz optical phonons responsible for translational-librational distortions of the octahedral units.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pelayo Marín-Villa
- Materials
Physics Center, CSIC-UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, 20018 Donostia - San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Ana Arauzo
- Instituto
de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Kacper Drużbicki
- Materials
Physics Center, CSIC-UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, 20018 Donostia - San Sebastian, Spain
- Centre
of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Lodz, Poland
| | - Felix Fernandez-Alonso
- Materials
Physics Center, CSIC-UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, 20018 Donostia - San Sebastian, Spain
- Donostia
International Physics Center (DIPC), Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4, 20018 Donostia - San Sebastian, Spain
- IKERBASQUE
- Basque Foundation for Science, Plaza Euskadi 5, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
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7
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Romanelli G, Andreani C, Fazi L, Ishteev A, Konstantinova K, Preziosi E, Senesi R, Di Carlo A. Changes in the hydrogen nuclear kinetic energy across the several phases of methylammonium lead tribromide. J Chem Phys 2022; 157:094501. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0104917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We present an experimental investigation of methylammonium lead tribromide single crystals in the orthorhombic, tetragonal, and cubic phases based on inelastic and deep inelastic neutron scattering experiments. We show how the average hydrogen nuclear kinetic energy, mainly affected by zero-point vibrational energies, shows differences larger compared to the changes simply related to temperature effects when moving from one phase to another. In particular, the Gaussian contribution to the average nuclear kinetic energy is larger in the tetragonal phase compared to the cubic and orthorhombic ones. Moreover, we find that the vibrational densities of states of MAPbBr3 single crystals in the orthorhombic phase are compatible with previously reported results on powder samples, and that the only vibrational modes that show slightly different frequencies compared to MAPbI3 are those in the energy range between 100 and 300 cm-1, related to librational/rotational modes. As these shifts are of about 10 cm-1, and do not affect any higher-energy vibrational mode, we conclude that the zero-point energies and average nuclear kinetic energies in the two-hybrid organic/inorganic perovskites are expected to be approximately the same within a harmonic framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Romanelli
- Università degli Studi di Roma Tor Vergata Dipartimento di Fisica, Italy
| | - Carla Andreani
- Dipartimento di Fisica and Centro NAST, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Italy
| | - Laura Fazi
- Universita degli Studi di Roma Tor Vergata Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche, Italy
| | - Arthur Ishteev
- LASE - Laboratory of Advanced Solar Energy, NUST MISiS, 119049, Russia
| | | | - Enrico Preziosi
- Physics Department and NAST Centre, Università degli Studi di Roma Tor Vergata Dipartimento di Fisica, Italy
| | - Roberto Senesi
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Roma, Italy
| | - Aldo Di Carlo
- CHOSE - Centre For Hybrid and Organic Solar energy, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Italy
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8
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Drużbicki K, Gaboardi M, Fernandez-Alonso F. Dynamics & Spectroscopy with Neutrons-Recent Developments & Emerging Opportunities. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:1440. [PMID: 33947108 PMCID: PMC8125526 DOI: 10.3390/polym13091440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This work provides an up-to-date overview of recent developments in neutron spectroscopic techniques and associated computational tools to interrogate the structural properties and dynamical behavior of complex and disordered materials, with a focus on those of a soft and polymeric nature. These have and continue to pave the way for new scientific opportunities simply thought unthinkable not so long ago, and have particularly benefited from advances in high-resolution, broadband techniques spanning energy transfers from the meV to the eV. Topical areas include the identification and robust assignment of low-energy modes underpinning functionality in soft solids and supramolecular frameworks, or the quantification in the laboratory of hitherto unexplored nuclear quantum effects dictating thermodynamic properties. In addition to novel classes of materials, we also discuss recent discoveries around water and its phase diagram, which continue to surprise us. All throughout, emphasis is placed on linking these ongoing and exciting experimental and computational developments to specific scientific questions in the context of the discovery of new materials for sustainable technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kacper Drużbicki
- Materials Physics Center, CSIC-UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain;
- Polish Academy of Sciences, Center of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Lodz, Poland
| | - Mattia Gaboardi
- Elettra—Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., S.S. 14 km 163.5 in Area Science Park, 34149 Trieste, Italy;
| | - Felix Fernandez-Alonso
- Materials Physics Center, CSIC-UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain;
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Plaza Euskadi 5, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
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9
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Drużbicki K, Lavén R, Armstrong J, Malavasi L, Fernandez-Alonso F, Karlsson M. Cation Dynamics and Structural Stabilization in Formamidinium Lead Iodide Perovskites. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:3503-3508. [PMID: 33792334 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c00616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The vibrational dynamics of pure and methylammonium-doped formamidinium lead iodide perovskites (FAPbI3) has been investigated by high-resolution neutron spectroscopy. For the first time, we provide an exhaustive and accurate analysis of the cation vibrations and underlying local structure around the organic moiety in these materials using first-principles electronic-structure calculations validated by the neutron data. Inelastic neutron scattering experiments on FAPbI3 provide direct evidence of the formation of a low-temperature orientational glass, unveiling the physicochemical origin of phase metastability in the tetragonal structure. Further analysis of these data provides a suitable starting point to explore and understand the stabilization of the perovskite framework via doping with small amounts of organic cations. In particular, we find that the hydrogen-bonding interactions around the formamidinium cations are strengthened as a result of cage deformation. This synergistic effect across perovskite cages is accompanied by a concomitant weakening of the methylammonium interactions with the surrounding framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kacper Drużbicki
- Polish Academy of Sciences, Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Lodz, Poland
- Materials Physics Center, CSIC-UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, 20018 Donostia, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Rasmus Lavén
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Jeff Armstrong
- ISIS Facility, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Oxford, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - Lorenzo Malavasi
- Department of Chemistry and INSTM, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 16, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - Felix Fernandez-Alonso
- Materials Physics Center, CSIC-UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, 20018 Donostia, San Sebastian, Spain
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4, 20018 Donostia, San Sebastian, Spain
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Plaza Euskadi 5, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Maths Karlsson
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
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10
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Young Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Wook Lee
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT) and Department of Nanoengineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Suk Jung
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunjung Shin
- Department of Energy Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam-Gyu Park
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
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11
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Quan LN, Rand BP, Friend RH, Mhaisalkar SG, Lee TW, Sargent EH. Perovskites for Next-Generation Optical Sources. Chem Rev 2019; 119:7444-7477. [PMID: 31021609 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 301] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Next-generation displays and lighting technologies require efficient optical sources that combine brightness, color purity, stability, substrate flexibility. Metal halide perovskites have potential use in a wide range of applications, for they possess excellent charge transport, bandgap tunability and, in the most promising recent optical source materials, intense and efficient luminescence. This review links metal halide perovskites' performance as efficient light emitters with their underlying materials electronic and photophysical attributes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Na Quan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Barry P Rand
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Andlinger Center for Energy and the Environment, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Richard H Friend
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Subodh Gautam Mhaisalkar
- Energy Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, Research Techno Plaza, X-Frontier Block, Level 5, 50 Nanyang Drive, 637553 Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tae-Woo Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Edward H Sargent
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G4, Canada
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12
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Shi H, Zhang X, Sun X, Zhang X. Phonon mode transformation in size-evolved solution-processed inorganic lead halide perovskite. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:9892-9898. [PMID: 29594286 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr09101j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Recently, lead halide perovskites have attracted significant scientific attention in the fields of photovoltaics, light emitting diodes, lasers, photo-detectors and other optoelectronic functional devices. The most stable crystal form of lead halide perovskites is the cube, including nano-cube and micro-cube, which hold great promise as functional materials due to their combination of unique optoelectronic properties and versatility through colloidal synthesis. Herein, we report the solution-processed synthesis of pure inorganic lead halide nano-cubes- and micro-cubes-based colloidal perovskites. The different size of cubes either into nano-cube or micro-cube are demonstrated that their phonon mode transformation which means the perovskite crystal structure phase change cross the nano-cube to micro-cube. The solution-processed colloidal synthesis method and phonon-mode transformation from nano-cube to micro-cube make pure inorganic lead halide perovskite an ideal platform for fundamental optoelectronic studies and the investigation of functional devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huafeng Shi
- Department of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
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13
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Wang Y, Lin R, Zhu P, Zheng Q, Wang Q, Li D, Zhu J. Cation Dynamics Governed Thermal Properties of Lead Halide Perovskite Nanowires. NANO LETTERS 2018; 18:2772-2779. [PMID: 29618206 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b04437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Metal halide perovskite (MHP) nanowires such as hybrid organic-inorganic CH3NH3PbX3 (X = Cl, Br, I) have drawn significant attention as promising building blocks for high-performance solar cells, light-emitting devices, and semiconductor lasers. However, the physics of thermal transport in MHP nanowires is still elusive even though it is highly relevant to the device thermal stability and optoelectronic performance. Through combined experimental measurements and theoretical analyses, here we disclose the underlying mechanisms governing thermal transport in three different kinds of lead halide perovskite nanowires (CH3NH3PbI3, CH3NH3PbBr3 and CsPbBr3). It is shown that the thermal conductivity of CH3NH3PbBr3 nanowires is significantly suppressed as compared to that of CsPbBr3 nanowires, which is attributed to the cation dynamic disorder. Furthermore, we observed different temperature-dependent thermal conductivities of hybrid perovskites CH3NH3PbBr3 and CH3NH3PbI3, which can be attributed to accelerated cation dynamics in CH3NH3PbBr3 at low temperature and the combined effects of lower phonon group velocity and higher Umklapp scattering rate in CH3NH3PbI3 at high temperature. These data and understanding should shed light on the design of high-performance MHP based thermal and optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxi Wang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093 , People's Republic of China
| | - Renxing Lin
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093 , People's Republic of China
| | - Pengchen Zhu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093 , People's Republic of China
| | - Qinghui Zheng
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093 , People's Republic of China
| | - Qianjin Wang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093 , People's Republic of China
| | - Deyu Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , Vanderbilt University , Nashville , Tennessee 37212 , United States
| | - Jia Zhu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093 , People's Republic of China
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14
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Pajzderska A, Drużbicki K, Gonzalez MA, Jenczyk J, Mielcarek J, Wąsicki J. Diversity of methyl group dynamics in felodipine: a DFT supported NMR and QENS study. CrystEngComm 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8ce01605d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Computationally-supported NMR and neutron scattering experiments were combined to provide new insights into the structure–dynamics relationship in the most stable polymorph of felodipine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Pajzderska
- Department of Radiospectroscopy
- Faculty of Physics
- Adam Mickiewicz University
- 61-614 Poznan
- Poland
| | - Kacper Drużbicki
- Department of Radiospectroscopy
- Faculty of Physics
- Adam Mickiewicz University
- 61-614 Poznan
- Poland
| | | | - Jacek Jenczyk
- The NanoBioMedical Centre
- A. Mickiewicz University
- 61-614 Poznan
- Poland
| | - Jadwiga Mielcarek
- Deparment of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry
- Poznan University of Medical Science
- 60-780 Poznan
- Poland
| | - Jan Wąsicki
- Department of Radiospectroscopy
- Faculty of Physics
- Adam Mickiewicz University
- 61-614 Poznan
- Poland
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15
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Fabini DH, Siaw TA, Stoumpos CC, Laurita G, Olds D, Page K, Hu JG, Kanatzidis MG, Han S, Seshadri R. Universal Dynamics of Molecular Reorientation in Hybrid Lead Iodide Perovskites. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:16875-16884. [PMID: 29094934 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b09536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The role of organic molecular cations in the high-performance perovskite photovoltaic absorbers, methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI3) and formamidinium lead iodide (FAPbI3), has been an enigmatic subject of great interest. Beyond aiding in the ease of processing of thin films for photovoltaic devices, there have been suggestions that many of the remarkable properties of the halide perovskites can be attributed to the dipolar nature and the dynamic behavior of these cations. Here, we establish the dynamics of the molecular cations in FAPbI3 between 4 K and 340 K and the nature of their interaction with the surrounding inorganic cage using a combination of solid state nuclear magnetic resonance and dielectric spectroscopies, neutron scattering, calorimetry, and ab initio calculations. Detailed comparisons with the reported temperature dependence of the dynamics of MAPbI3 are then carried out which reveal the molecular ions in the two different compounds to exhibit very similar rotation rates (≈8 ps) at room temperature, despite differences in other temperature regimes. For FA, rotation about the N···N axis, which reorients the molecular dipole, is the dominant motion in all phases, with an activation barrier of ≈21 meV in the ambient phase, compared to ≈110 meV for the analogous dipole reorientation of MA. Geometrical frustration of the molecule-cage interaction in FAPbI3 produces a disordered γ-phase and subsequent glassy freezing at yet lower temperatures. Hydrogen bonds suggested by atom-atom distances from neutron total scattering experiments imply a substantial role for the molecules in directing structure and dictating properties. The temperature dependence of reorientation of the dipolar molecular cations systematically described here can clarify various hypotheses including those of large-polaron charge transport and fugitive electron spin polarization that have been invoked in the context of these unusual materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas H Fabini
- Materials Department and Materials Research Laboratory, University of California , Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Ting Ann Siaw
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California , Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Constantinos C Stoumpos
- Department of Chemistry and Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research Center, Northwestern University , Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Geneva Laurita
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Bates College , Lewiston, Maine 04240, United States
| | - Daniel Olds
- Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory , Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Katharine Page
- Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory , Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Jerry G Hu
- Materials Department and Materials Research Laboratory, University of California , Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Mercouri G Kanatzidis
- Department of Chemistry and Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research Center, Northwestern University , Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Songi Han
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California , Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States.,Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California , Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Ram Seshadri
- Materials Department and Materials Research Laboratory, University of California , Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California , Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
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16
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Yang RX, Skelton JM, da Silva EL, Frost JM, Walsh A. Spontaneous Octahedral Tilting in the Cubic Inorganic Cesium Halide Perovskites CsSnX 3 and CsPbX 3 (X = F, Cl, Br, I). J Phys Chem Lett 2017; 8:4720-4726. [PMID: 28903562 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.7b02423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The local crystal structures of many perovskite-structured materials deviate from the average space-group symmetry. We demonstrate, from lattice-dynamics calculations based on quantum chemical force constants, that all of the cesium-lead and cesium-tin halide perovskites exhibit vibrational instabilities associated with octahedral titling in their high-temperature cubic phase. Anharmonic double-well potentials are found for zone-boundary phonon modes in all compounds with barriers ranging from 108 to 512 meV. The well depth is correlated with the tolerance factor and the chemistry of the composition, but is not proportional to the imaginary harmonic phonon frequency. We provide quantitative insights into the thermodynamic driving forces and distinguish between dynamic and static disorder based on the potential-energy landscape. A positive band gap deformation (spectral blue shift) accompanies the structural distortion, with implications for understanding the performance of these materials in applications areas including solar cells and light-emitting diodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruo Xi Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath , Claverton Down BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London , Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan M Skelton
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath , Claverton Down BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - E Lora da Silva
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath , Claverton Down BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Jarvist M Frost
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath , Claverton Down BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London , Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Aron Walsh
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London , Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University , Seoul 03722, Korea
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17
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Polar rotor scattering as atomic-level origin of low mobility and thermal conductivity of perovskite CH 3NH 3PbI 3. Nat Commun 2017; 8:16086. [PMID: 28665407 PMCID: PMC5497077 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms16086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Perovskite CH3NH3PbI3 exhibits outstanding photovoltaic performances, but the understanding of the atomic motions remains inadequate even though they take a fundamental role in transport properties. Here, we present a complete atomic dynamic picture consisting of molecular jumping rotational modes and phonons, which is established by carrying out high-resolution time-of-flight quasi-elastic and inelastic neutron scattering measurements in a wide energy window ranging from 0.0036 to 54 meV on a large single crystal sample, respectively. The ultrafast orientational disorder of molecular dipoles, activated at ∼165 K, acts as an additional scattering source for optical phonons as well as for charge carriers. It is revealed that acoustic phonons dominate the thermal transport, rather than optical phonons due to sub-picosecond lifetimes. These microscopic insights provide a solid standing point, on which perovskite solar cells can be understood more accurately and their performances are perhaps further optimized. Clarifying the atomistic behaviour of materials will lead to a deeper fundamental understanding and the rational design of future materials. Using time-of-flight quasi-elastic and inelastic neutron scattering measurements Li et al. study the atomic motions of metal-halide perovskite CH3NH3PbI3.
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18
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Shi C, Wang Y, Han XB, Zhang W. Switchable Dielectric Constant in the Cyanometalate-Based Hydrogen-Bonded [(CH3
)2
NH2
]2
(H3
O)[Co(CN)6
] Framework. Eur J Inorg Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201700469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Shi
- Ordered Matter Science Research Center; Southeast University; 211189 Nanjing Jiangsu China
| | - Ya Wang
- Ordered Matter Science Research Center; Southeast University; 211189 Nanjing Jiangsu China
| | - Xiang-Bin Han
- Ordered Matter Science Research Center; Southeast University; 211189 Nanjing Jiangsu China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Ordered Matter Science Research Center; Southeast University; 211189 Nanjing Jiangsu China
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19
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Deretzis I, La Magna A. Exploring the orthorhombic-tetragonal phase transition in CH 3NH 3PbI 3: the role of atom kinetics. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:5896-5903. [PMID: 28436512 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr01818e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Methylammonium lead tri-iodide is a polymorphic material with two temperature-induced phase transitions at 165 K and 327 K, accompanied by an orthorhombic-to-tetragonal and a tetragonal-to-cubic lattice modification. Understanding the origins of these transitions as well as their implications on the crystal structure of the material is fundamental for its technological optimization. Here, we use the density functional theory along with ab initio molecular dynamics to study the low-temperature phase transition of CH3NH3PbI3. Considering two kinetically robust models for the orthorhombic and the tetragonal phase, we show that the vibrational features of the material can be strongly affected by the orientations of the methylammonium ions. We argue that the orthorhombic-tetragonal transition is characterized by a partial rearrangement of the organic cations that locally relaxes the stress induced by the thermal movement of atoms. We finally propose a macroscopic model for the tetragonal phase that consists of rotated noncentrosymmetric domains, where the methylammonium ions are quasi-two-dimensionally confined around the a-b crystallographic plane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Deretzis
- Institute for Microelectronics and Microsystems (CNR-IMM), Z.I. VIII strada 5, 95121 Catania, Italy.
| | - Antonino La Magna
- Institute for Microelectronics and Microsystems (CNR-IMM), Z.I. VIII strada 5, 95121 Catania, Italy.
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20
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Krzystyniak M, Drużbicki K, Romanelli G, Gutmann MJ, Rudić S, Imberti S, Fernandez-Alonso F. Nuclear dynamics and phase polymorphism in solid formic acid. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:9064-9074. [PMID: 28304035 DOI: 10.1039/c7cp00997f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
We apply a unique sequence of structural and dynamical neutron-scattering techniques, augmented with density-functional electronic-structure calculations, to establish the degree of polymorphism in an archetypal hydrogen-bonded system - crystalline formic acid. Using this combination of experimental and theoretical techniques, the hypothesis by Zelsmann on the coexistence of the β1 and β2 phases above 220 K is tested. Contrary to the postulated scenario of proton-transfer-driven phase coexistence, the emerging picture is one of a quantitatively different structural change over this temperature range, whereby the loosening of crystal packing promotes temperature-induced shearing of the hydrogen-bonded chains. The presented work, therefore, solves a fifty-year-old puzzle and provides a suitable framework for the use neutron-Compton-scattering techniques in the exploration of phase polymorphism in condensed matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Krzystyniak
- ISIS Facility, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0QX, UK. and School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Campus, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, UK
| | - Kacper Drużbicki
- Faculty of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska St. 85, 61-614 Poznan, Poland
| | - Giovanni Romanelli
- ISIS Facility, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0QX, UK.
| | - Matthias J Gutmann
- ISIS Facility, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0QX, UK.
| | - Svemir Rudić
- ISIS Facility, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0QX, UK.
| | - Silvia Imberti
- ISIS Facility, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0QX, UK.
| | - Felix Fernandez-Alonso
- ISIS Facility, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0QX, UK. and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
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21
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Sun S, Deng Z, Wu Y, Wei F, Halis Isikgor F, Brivio F, Gaultois MW, Ouyang J, Bristowe PD, Cheetham AK, Kieslich G. Variable temperature and high-pressure crystal chemistry of perovskite formamidinium lead iodide: a single crystal X-ray diffraction and computational study. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cc00995j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Single crystals of [(NH2)2CH]PbI3 undergo a cubic-to-tetragonal phase transition at low temperature and high pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijing Sun
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy
- University of Cambridge Cambridge
- UK
| | - Zeyu Deng
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy
- University of Cambridge Cambridge
- UK
| | - Yue Wu
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy
- University of Cambridge Cambridge
- UK
| | - Fengxia Wei
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy
- University of Cambridge Cambridge
- UK
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering
- Agency for Science
| | - Furkan Halis Isikgor
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- National University of Singapore
- Singapore
| | - Federico Brivio
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy
- University of Cambridge Cambridge
- UK
| | | | - Jianyong Ouyang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- National University of Singapore
- Singapore
| | - Paul D. Bristowe
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy
- University of Cambridge Cambridge
- UK
| | - Anthony K. Cheetham
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy
- University of Cambridge Cambridge
- UK
| | - Gregor Kieslich
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy
- University of Cambridge Cambridge
- UK
- Department of Chemistry
- Technical University of Munich
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