1
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Briant M, Mestdagh JM, Gaveau MA, Poisson L. Reaction dynamics within a cluster environment. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:9807-9835. [PMID: 35441619 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp05783a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This perspective article reviews experimental and theoretical works where rare gas clusters and helium nanodroplets are used as a nanoreactor to investigate chemical dynamics in a solvent environment. A historical perspective is presented first followed by specific considerations on the mobility of reactants within these reaction media. The dynamical response of pure clusters and nanodroplets to photoexcitation is shortly reviewed before examining the role of the cluster (or nanodroplet) degrees of freedom in the photodynamics of the guest atoms and molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Briant
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, LIDYL, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | | | - Marc-André Gaveau
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, LIDYL, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Lionel Poisson
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay, 91405, Orsay, France.
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2
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Rendler N, Scognamiglio A, Barranco M, Pí M, Halberstadt N, Dulitz K, Stienkemeier F. Dynamics of Photoexcited Cs Atoms Attached to Helium Nanodroplets. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:9048-9059. [PMID: 34619968 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c05467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We present an experimental study of the dynamics following the photoexcitation and subsequent photoionization of single Cs atoms on the surface of helium nanodroplets. The dynamics of excited Cs atom desorption and readsorption as well as CsHe exciplex formation are measured by using femtosecond pump-probe velocity map imaging spectroscopy and ion time-of-flight spectrometry. The time scales for the desorption of excited Cs atoms off helium nanodroplets as well as the time scales for CsHe exciplex formation are experimentally determined for the 6p states of Cs. For the 6p 2Π1/2 state, our results confirm that the excited Cs atoms only desorb from the nanodroplet when the excitation wavenumber is blue-shifted from the 6p 2Π1/2 ← 6s 2Σ1/2 resonance. Our results suggest that the dynamics following excitation to the 6p 2Π3/2 state can be described by an evaporation-like desorption mechanism, whereas the dynamics arising from excitation to the 6p 2Σ1/2 state is indicative for a more impulsive desorption process. Furthermore, our results suggest a helium-induced spin-orbit relaxation from the 6p 2Σ1/2 state to the 6p 2Π1/2 state. Our findings largely agree with the results of time-dependent 4He density functional theory (DFT) simulations published earlier [Eur. Phys. J. D 2019, 73, 94].
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Rendler
- Institute of Physics, University of Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Str. 3, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Audrey Scognamiglio
- Institute of Physics, University of Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Str. 3, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Manuel Barranco
- Laboratoire des Collisions, Agrégats, Réactivité, IRSAMC, Université de Toulouse, CNRS UMR 5589, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse Cedex 09, France.,Departament FQA, Facultat de Física, Universitat de Barcelona, Diagonal 645, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.,Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), Universitat de Barcelona, Diagonal 645, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marti Pí
- Departament FQA, Facultat de Física, Universitat de Barcelona, Diagonal 645, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.,Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), Universitat de Barcelona, Diagonal 645, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nadine Halberstadt
- Laboratoire des Collisions, Agrégats, Réactivité, IRSAMC, Université de Toulouse, CNRS UMR 5589, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse Cedex 09, France
| | - Katrin Dulitz
- Institute of Physics, University of Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Str. 3, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Frank Stienkemeier
- Institute of Physics, University of Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Str. 3, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
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3
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Asmussen JD, Michiels R, Dulitz K, Ngai A, Bangert U, Barranco M, Binz M, Bruder L, Danailov M, Di Fraia M, Eloranta J, Feifel R, Giannessi L, Pi M, Plekan O, Prince KC, Squibb RJ, Uhl D, Wituschek A, Zangrando M, Callegari C, Stienkemeier F, Mudrich M. Unravelling the full relaxation dynamics of superexcited helium nanodroplets. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:15138-15149. [PMID: 34259254 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp01041g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The relaxation dynamics of superexcited superfluid He nanodroplets is thoroughly investigated by means of extreme-ultraviolet (XUV) femtosecond electron and ion spectroscopy complemented by time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT). Three main paths leading to the emission of electrons and ions are identified: droplet autoionization, pump-probe photoionization, and autoionization induced by re-excitation of droplets relaxing into levels below the droplet ionization threshold. The most abundant product ions are He2+, generated by droplet autoionization and by photoionization of droplet-bound excited He atoms. He+ appear with some pump-probe delay as a result of the ejection He atoms in their lowest excited states from the droplets. The state-resolved time-dependent photoelectron spectra reveal that intermediate excited states of the droplets are populated in the course of the relaxation, terminating in the lowest-lying metastable singlet and triplet He atomic states. The slightly faster relaxation of the triplet state compared to the singlet state is in agreement with the simulation showing faster formation of a bubble around a He atom in the triplet state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob D Asmussen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Denmark.
| | | | - Katrin Dulitz
- Institute of Physics, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Aaron Ngai
- Institute of Physics, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Manuel Barranco
- Departament FQA, Facultat de Física, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain and Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), Universitat de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marcel Binz
- Institute of Physics, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Lukas Bruder
- Institute of Physics, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | | | | | - Jussi Eloranta
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University at Northridge, Northridge, CA 91330, USA
| | | | - Luca Giannessi
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), Universitat de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marti Pi
- Departament FQA, Facultat de Física, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain and Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), Universitat de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Oksana Plekan
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), Universitat de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Kevin C Prince
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), Universitat de Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Daniel Uhl
- Institute of Physics, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Marco Zangrando
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), Universitat de Barcelona, Spain and CNR-IOM, Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Italy
| | - Carlo Callegari
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), Universitat de Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Marcel Mudrich
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Denmark.
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4
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González-Lezana T, Echt O, Gatchell M, Bartolomei M, Campos-Martínez J, Scheier P. Solvation of ions in helium. INT REV PHYS CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/0144235x.2020.1794585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomás González-Lezana
- Instituto de Física Fundamental, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas IFF-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Olof Echt
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- Department of Physics, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA
| | - Michael Gatchell
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- Department of Physics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Massimiliano Bartolomei
- Instituto de Física Fundamental, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas IFF-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Campos-Martínez
- Instituto de Física Fundamental, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas IFF-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Paul Scheier
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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5
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García-Alfonso E, Coppens F, Barranco M, Pi M, Stienkemeier F, Halberstadt N. Alkali atoms attached to vortex-hosting helium nanodroplets. J Chem Phys 2020; 152:194109. [PMID: 33687233 DOI: 10.1063/5.0008923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Light absorption or fluorescence excitation spectroscopy of alkali atoms attached to 4He droplets is investigated as a possible way for detecting the presence of vortices. To this end, we have calculated the equilibrium configuration and energetics of alkali atoms attached to a 4He1000 droplet hosting a vortex line using 4He density functional theory. We use them to study how the dipole absorption spectrum of the alkali atom is modified when the impurity is attached to a vortex line. Spectra are found to be blue-shifted (higher frequencies) and broadened compared to vortex-free droplets because the dimple in which the alkali atom sits at the intersection of the vortex line and the droplet surface is deeper. This effect is smaller for lighter alkali atoms and all the more so when using a quantum description since, in this case, they sit further away from the droplet surface on average due to their zero-point motion. Spectral modifications due to the presence of a vortex line are minor for np ← ns excitation and therefore insufficient for vortex detection. In the case of higher n'p ← ns or n's ← ns (n' > n) excitations, the shifts are larger as the excited state orbital is more extended and therefore more sensitive to changes in the surrounding helium density.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Francois Coppens
- Université Toulouse 3 and CNRS, Laboratoire des Collisions, Agrégats et Réactivité, IRSAMC, 118 route de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse Cedex 09, France
| | - Manuel Barranco
- Université Toulouse 3 and CNRS, Laboratoire des Collisions, Agrégats et Réactivité, IRSAMC, 118 route de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse Cedex 09, France
| | - Martí Pi
- Departament FQA, Facultat de Física, Universitat de Barcelona, Diagonal 645, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Nadine Halberstadt
- Université Toulouse 3 and CNRS, Laboratoire des Collisions, Agrégats et Réactivité, IRSAMC, 118 route de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse Cedex 09, France
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6
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Thaler B, Meyer M, Heim P, Koch M. Long-Lived Nuclear Coherences inside Helium Nanodroplets. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 124:115301. [PMID: 32242724 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.115301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Much of our knowledge about dynamics and functionality of molecular systems has been achieved with femtosecond time-resolved spectroscopy. Despite extensive technical developments over the past decades, some classes of systems have eluded dynamical studies so far. Here, we demonstrate that superfluid helium nanodroplets, acting as a thermal bath of 0.4 K temperature to stabilize weakly bound or reactive systems, are well suited for time-resolved studies of single molecules solvated in the droplet interior. By observing vibrational wave packet motion of indium dimers (In_{2}) for tens of picoseconds, we demonstrate that the perturbation imposed by this quantum liquid can be lower by a factor of 10-100 compared to any other solvent, which uniquely allows us to study processes depending on long nuclear coherence in a dissipative environment. Furthermore, tailor-made microsolvation environments inside droplets will enable us to investigate the solvent influence on intramolecular dynamics in a wide tuning range from molecular isolation to strong molecule-solvent coupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard Thaler
- Graz University of Technology, Institute of Experimental Physics, Petersgasse 16, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Miriam Meyer
- Graz University of Technology, Institute of Experimental Physics, Petersgasse 16, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Pascal Heim
- Graz University of Technology, Institute of Experimental Physics, Petersgasse 16, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Markus Koch
- Graz University of Technology, Institute of Experimental Physics, Petersgasse 16, 8010 Graz, Austria
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7
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Mudrich M, LaForge AC, Ciavardini A, O'Keeffe P, Callegari C, Coreno M, Demidovich A, Devetta M, Fraia MD, Drabbels M, Finetti P, Gessner O, Grazioli C, Hernando A, Neumark DM, Ovcharenko Y, Piseri P, Plekan O, Prince KC, Richter R, Ziemkiewicz MP, Möller T, Eloranta J, Pi M, Barranco M, Stienkemeier F. Ultrafast relaxation of photoexcited superfluid He nanodroplets. Nat Commun 2020; 11:112. [PMID: 31913265 PMCID: PMC6949273 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13681-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The relaxation of photoexcited nanosystems is a fundamental process of light–matter interaction. Depending on the couplings of the internal degrees of freedom, relaxation can be ultrafast, converting electronic energy in a few fs, or slow, if the energy is trapped in a metastable state that decouples from its environment. Here, we study helium nanodroplets excited resonantly by femtosecond extreme-ultraviolet (XUV) pulses from a seeded free-electron laser. Despite their superfluid nature, we find that helium nanodroplets in the lowest electronically excited states undergo ultrafast relaxation. By comparing experimental photoelectron spectra with time-dependent density functional theory simulations, we unravel the full relaxation pathway: Following an ultrafast interband transition, a void nanometer-sized bubble forms around the localized excitation (He\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$${}^{* }$$\end{document}*) within 1 ps. Subsequently, the bubble collapses and releases metastable He\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$${}^{* }$$\end{document}* at the droplet surface. This study highlights the high level of detail achievable in probing the photodynamics of nanosystems using tunable XUV pulses. There is interest in understanding the relaxation mechanisms of photoexcitation in atoms, molecules and other complex systems. Here the authors unravel the photoexcitation and ultrafast relaxation of superfluid helium nanodroplets using a pump-probe experiment with FEL pulses.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mudrich
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, 8000, Denmark.
| | - A C LaForge
- Institute of Physics, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, 79104, Germany.,Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| | - A Ciavardini
- CNR-ISM, Area della Ricerca di Roma 1, Monterotondo Scalo, 00015, Italy.,CERIC-ERIC Basovizza, Trieste, 34149, Italy
| | - P O'Keeffe
- CNR-ISM, Area della Ricerca di Roma 1, Monterotondo Scalo, 00015, Italy
| | - C Callegari
- Elettra - Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Basovizza, Trieste, 34149, Italy
| | - M Coreno
- CNR-ISM, Area della Ricerca di Roma 1, Monterotondo Scalo, 00015, Italy
| | - A Demidovich
- Elettra - Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Basovizza, Trieste, 34149, Italy
| | - M Devetta
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, 20133, Italy.,CNR-IFN, Milano, 20133, Italy
| | - M Di Fraia
- Elettra - Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Basovizza, Trieste, 34149, Italy
| | - M Drabbels
- Laboratory of Molecular Nanodynamics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland
| | - P Finetti
- Elettra - Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Basovizza, Trieste, 34149, Italy
| | - O Gessner
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - C Grazioli
- CNR-IOM, Istituto Officina dei Materiali, Area Science Park - Basovizza, Trieste, 34149, Italy
| | - A Hernando
- Kido Dynamics, EPFL Innovation Park Bat. C, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.,IFISC (CSIC-UIB), Instituto de Fisica Interdisciplinar y Sistemas Complejos, Campus Universitat de les Illes Balears, 07122, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - D M Neumark
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.,Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Y Ovcharenko
- Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik, TU-Berlin, 10623, Germany.,European XFEL, Schenefeld, 22869, Germany
| | - P Piseri
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, 20133, Italy
| | - O Plekan
- Elettra - Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Basovizza, Trieste, 34149, Italy
| | - K C Prince
- Elettra - Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Basovizza, Trieste, 34149, Italy
| | - R Richter
- Elettra - Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Basovizza, Trieste, 34149, Italy
| | - M P Ziemkiewicz
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.,Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - T Möller
- Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik, TU-Berlin, 10623, Germany
| | - J Eloranta
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University at Northridge, Northridge, CA, 91330, USA
| | - M Pi
- Departament FQA, Facultat de Física, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, 08028, Spain.,Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, 08028, Spain
| | - M Barranco
- Departament FQA, Facultat de Física, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, 08028, Spain.,Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, 08028, Spain.,Laboratoire des Collisions, Agrégats, Réactivité, IRSAMC, UMR 5589, CNRS et Université Paul Sabatier-Toulouse 3, Toulouse, Cedex 09, 31062, France
| | - F Stienkemeier
- Institute of Physics, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, 79104, Germany
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8
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Thaler B, Heim P, Treiber L, Koch M. Ultrafast photoinduced dynamics of single atoms solvated inside helium nanodroplets. J Chem Phys 2020; 152:014307. [PMID: 31914752 DOI: 10.1063/1.5130145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Helium nanodroplets can serve as reaction containers for photoinduced time-resolved studies of cold, isolated molecular systems that are otherwise inaccessible. Recently, three different dynamical processes, triggered by photoexcitation of a single atom inside a droplet, were observed in their natural time scale: Expansion of the He solvation shell (He bubble) within 600 fs initiates a collective bubble oscillation with a ∼30 ps oscillation period, followed by dopant ejection after ∼60 ps. Here, we present a systematic investigation of these processes by combining time-resolved photoelectron and photoion spectroscopy with time-dependent He density functional theory simulations. By variation of the photoexcitation energy, we find that the full excess excitation energy, represented by the blue-shifted in-droplet excitation band, is completely transferred to the He environment during the bubble expansion. Surprisingly, we find that variation of the droplet size has only a minor influence on the ejection time, providing insight into the spatial distribution of the ground-state atoms before photoexcitation. Simulated particle trajectories after photoexcitation are in agreement with experimental observations and suggest that the majority of ground-state atoms are located at around 16 Å below the droplet surface. Bubble expansion and oscillation are purely local effects, depending only on the ultimate dopant environment. These solvation-induced dynamics will be superimposed on intramolecular dynamics of molecular systems, and a mechanistic description is fundamental for the interpretation of future experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard Thaler
- Graz University of Technology, Institute of Experimental Physics, Petersgasse 16, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Pascal Heim
- Graz University of Technology, Institute of Experimental Physics, Petersgasse 16, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Leonhard Treiber
- Graz University of Technology, Institute of Experimental Physics, Petersgasse 16, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Markus Koch
- Graz University of Technology, Institute of Experimental Physics, Petersgasse 16, 8010 Graz, Austria
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9
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Ben Ltaief L, Shcherbinin M, Mandal S, Krishnan SR, LaForge AC, Richter R, Turchini S, Zema N, Pfeifer T, Fasshauer E, Sisourat N, Mudrich M. Charge Exchange Dominates Long-Range Interatomic Coulombic Decay of Excited Metal-Doped Helium Nanodroplets. J Phys Chem Lett 2019; 10:6904-6909. [PMID: 31625747 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b02726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Atoms and molecules attached to rare-gas clusters are ionized by an interatomic autoionization process traditionally termed "Penning ionization" when the host cluster is resonantly excited. Here we analyze this process in the light of the interatomic Coulombic decay (ICD) mechanism, which usually contains a contribution from charge exchange at a short interatomic distance and one from virtual photon transfer at a large interatomic distance. For helium (He) nanodroplets doped with alkali metal atoms (Li, Rb), we show that long-range and short-range contributions to the interatomic autoionization can be clearly distinguished by detecting electrons and ions in coincidence. Surprisingly, ab initio calculations show that even for alkali metal atoms floating in dimples at a large distance from the nanodroplet surface, autoionization is largely dominated by charge-exchange ICD. Furthermore, the measured electron spectra manifest the ultrafast internal relaxation of the droplet mainly into the 1s2s1S state and partially into the metastable 1s2s3S state.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Ben Ltaief
- Department of Physics and Astronomy , Aarhus University , 8000 Aarhus C , Denmark
| | - M Shcherbinin
- Department of Physics and Astronomy , Aarhus University , 8000 Aarhus C , Denmark
| | - S Mandal
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research , Pune 411008 , India
| | - S R Krishnan
- Department of Physics , Indian Institute of Technology , Madras, Chennai 600 036 , India
| | - A C LaForge
- Department of Physics , University of Connecticut , Storrs , Connecticut 06269 , United States
| | - R Richter
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste , Basovizza, 34149 Trieste , Italy
| | - S Turchini
- Istituto Struttura della Materia-CNR (ISM-CNR) , 00133 Roma , Italy
| | - N Zema
- Istituto Struttura della Materia-CNR (ISM-CNR) , 00133 Roma , Italy
| | - T Pfeifer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik , 69117 Heidelberg , Germany
| | - E Fasshauer
- Department of Physics and Astronomy , Aarhus University , 8000 Aarhus C , Denmark
| | - N Sisourat
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS , Laboratoire de Chimie Physique Matière et Rayonnement, UMR 7614 , F-75005 Paris , France
| | - M Mudrich
- Department of Physics and Astronomy , Aarhus University , 8000 Aarhus C , Denmark
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10
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Martinez M, Coppens F, Barranco M, Halberstadt N, Pi M. 4s to 5s and 4p photoexcitation dynamics of K atoms from the surface of helium nanodroplets: a theoretical study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:3626-3636. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp05253k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We study the photodissociation of the potassium atom from a superfluid helium nanodroplet upon 5s 2S or 4p 2P excitation using the time-dependent helium density functional method (He-TDDFT). The results show possible K spin–orbit relaxation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Martinez
- Laboratoire Collisions Agrégats Réactivité (LCAR)
- IRSAMC
- Université de Toulouse
- CNRS UMR 5589
- Toulouse
| | - François Coppens
- Laboratoire Collisions Agrégats Réactivité (LCAR)
- IRSAMC
- Université de Toulouse
- CNRS UMR 5589
- Toulouse
| | - Manuel Barranco
- Laboratoire Collisions Agrégats Réactivité (LCAR)
- IRSAMC
- Université de Toulouse
- CNRS UMR 5589
- Toulouse
| | - Nadine Halberstadt
- Laboratoire Collisions Agrégats Réactivité (LCAR)
- IRSAMC
- Université de Toulouse
- CNRS UMR 5589
- Toulouse
| | - Martí Pi
- Departament FQA
- Facultat de Física
- Universitat de Barcelona. Diagonal 645
- 08028 Barcelona
- Spain
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11
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Dick B. MELEXIR: maximum entropy Legendre expanded image reconstruction. A fast and efficient method for the analysis of velocity map imaging or photoelectron imaging data. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:19499-19512. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cp03353j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The MELEXIR program obtains a Legendre expansion of the 3D velocity distribution from 2D images of ions or photoelectrons. The maximum entropy algorithm avoids inverse Abel transforms, is fast and applicable to low-intensity images.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard Dick
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie
- Universität Regensburg
- 93053 Regensburg
- Germany
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12
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Bruder L, Bangert U, Binz M, Uhl D, Vexiau R, Bouloufa-Maafa N, Dulieu O, Stienkemeier F. Coherent multidimensional spectroscopy of dilute gas-phase nanosystems. Nat Commun 2018; 9:4823. [PMID: 30446649 PMCID: PMC6240067 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-07292-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy (2DES) is one of the most powerful spectroscopic techniques with unique sensitivity to couplings, coherence properties and real-time dynamics of a quantum system. While successfully applied to a variety of condensed phase samples, high precision experiments on isolated systems in the gas phase have been so far precluded by insufficient sensitivity. However, such experiments are essential for a precise understanding of fundamental mechanisms and to avoid misinterpretations. Here, we solve this issue by extending 2DES to isolated nanosystems in the gas phase prepared by helium nanodroplet isolation in a molecular beam-type experiment. This approach uniquely provides high flexibility in synthesizing tailored, quantum state-selected model systems of single and many-body character. In a model study of weakly-bound Rb2 and Rb3 molecules we demonstrate the method's unique capacity to elucidate interactions and dynamics in tailored quantum systems, thereby also bridging the gap to experiments in ultracold quantum science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Bruder
- Institute of Physics, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Ulrich Bangert
- Institute of Physics, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Marcel Binz
- Institute of Physics, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Uhl
- Institute of Physics, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Romain Vexiau
- Laboratoire Aimé Cotton, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, ENS Cachan, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405, Orsay Cedex, France
| | - Nadia Bouloufa-Maafa
- Laboratoire Aimé Cotton, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, ENS Cachan, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405, Orsay Cedex, France
| | - Olivier Dulieu
- Laboratoire Aimé Cotton, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, ENS Cachan, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405, Orsay Cedex, France
| | - Frank Stienkemeier
- Institute of Physics, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany.,Freiburg Institute of Advanced Studies (FRIAS), University of Freiburg, Albertstr. 19, 79194, Freiburg, Germany
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13
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Thaler B, Ranftl S, Heim P, Cesnik S, Treiber L, Meyer R, Hauser AW, Ernst WE, Koch M. Femtosecond photoexcitation dynamics inside a quantum solvent. Nat Commun 2018; 9:4006. [PMID: 30275442 PMCID: PMC6167364 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06413-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The observation of chemical reactions on the time scale of the motion of electrons and nuclei has been made possible by lasers with ever shortened pulse lengths. Superfluid helium represents a special solvent that permits the synthesis of novel classes of molecules that have eluded dynamical studies so far. However, photoexcitation inside this quantum solvent triggers a pronounced response of the solvation shell, which is not well understood. Here, we present a mechanistic description of the solvent response to photoexcitation of indium (In) dopant atoms inside helium nanodroplets (HeN), obtained from femtosecond pump–probe spectroscopy and time-dependent density functional theory simulations. For the In–HeN system, part of the excited state electronic energy leads to expansion of the solvation shell within 600 fs, initiating a collective shell oscillation with a period of about 30 ps. These coupled electronic and nuclear dynamics will be superimposed on intrinsic photoinduced processes of molecular systems inside helium droplets. Femtosecond laser spectroscopy has contributed to our understanding of structure and function of matter. Here, the authors explore the applicability of superfluid helium nanodroplets as a sample preparation method that allows investigation of previously inaccessible classes of tailor-made or fragile molecular systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard Thaler
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 16, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Sascha Ranftl
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 16, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Pascal Heim
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 16, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Stefan Cesnik
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 16, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Leonhard Treiber
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 16, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Ralf Meyer
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 16, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Andreas W Hauser
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 16, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Wolfgang E Ernst
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 16, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Markus Koch
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 16, 8010, Graz, Austria.
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14
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Vindel Zandbergen P, Barranco M, Cargnoni F, Drabbels M, Pi M, Halberstadt N. Helium-induced electronic transitions in photo-excited Ba+–Hen exciplexes. J Chem Phys 2018; 148:144302. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5022863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Vindel Zandbergen
- Laboratoire Collisions Agrégats Réactivité (LCAR), IRSAMC, Université de Toulouse, CNRS UMR 5589, Toulouse, France
| | - Manuel Barranco
- Laboratoire Collisions Agrégats Réactivité (LCAR), IRSAMC, Université de Toulouse, CNRS UMR 5589, Toulouse, France
- Departament FQA, Facultat de Física, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Marcel Drabbels
- Laboratory of Molecular Nanodynamics, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Martí Pi
- Departament FQA, Facultat de Física, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nadine Halberstadt
- Laboratoire Collisions Agrégats Réactivité (LCAR), IRSAMC, Université de Toulouse, CNRS UMR 5589, Toulouse, France
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15
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Coppens F, von Vangerow J, Barranco M, Halberstadt N, Stienkemeier F, Pi M, Mudrich M. Desorption dynamics of RbHe exciplexes off He nanodroplets induced by spin-relaxation. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:9309-9320. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp00482j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Doped He nanodroplets are ideal model systems to study elementary photophysical processes in hetero-nanostructures. Here we study the formation of free RbHe exciplexes from laser-excited Rb-doped He nanodroplets.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Coppens
- Laboratoire des Collisions, Agrégats, Réactivité, IRSAMC, Université Toulouse 3- Paul Sabatier, CNRS UMR 5589
- F-31062 Toulouse Cedex 09
- France
| | | | - Manuel Barranco
- Laboratoire des Collisions, Agrégats, Réactivité, IRSAMC, Université Toulouse 3- Paul Sabatier, CNRS UMR 5589
- F-31062 Toulouse Cedex 09
- France
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), Universitat de Barcelona
- 08028 Barcelona
| | - Nadine Halberstadt
- Laboratoire des Collisions, Agrégats, Réactivité, IRSAMC, Université Toulouse 3- Paul Sabatier, CNRS UMR 5589
- F-31062 Toulouse Cedex 09
- France
| | | | - Martí Pi
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), Universitat de Barcelona
- 08028 Barcelona
- Spain
- Departament FQA, Facultat de Física, Universitat de Barcelona
- 08028 Barcelona
| | - Marcel Mudrich
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University
- Aarhus 8000 C
- Denmark
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16
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Ancilotto F, Barranco M, Coppens F, Eloranta J, Halberstadt N, Hernando A, Mateo D, Pi M. Density functional theory of doped superfluid liquid helium and nanodroplets. INT REV PHYS CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/0144235x.2017.1351672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Ancilotto
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia ‘Galileo Galilei’ and CNISM, Università di Padova, Padova, Italy
- CNR-IOM Democritos, Trieste, Italy
| | - Manuel Barranco
- Facultat de Física, Departament FQA, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Laboratoire des Collisions, Agrégats et Réactivité, IRSAMC, Université Toulouse 3 and CNRS, Toulouse Cedex 09, France
| | - François Coppens
- Laboratoire des Collisions, Agrégats et Réactivité, IRSAMC, Université Toulouse 3 and CNRS, Toulouse Cedex 09, France
| | - Jussi Eloranta
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University at Northridge, Northridge, CA, USA
| | - Nadine Halberstadt
- Laboratoire des Collisions, Agrégats et Réactivité, IRSAMC, Université Toulouse 3 and CNRS, Toulouse Cedex 09, France
| | - Alberto Hernando
- Social Thermodynamics Applied Research (SThAR), EPFL Innovation Park, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - David Mateo
- Applied Complexity Group, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Martí Pi
- Facultat de Física, Departament FQA, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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17
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Coppens F, Ancilotto F, Barranco M, Halberstadt N, Pi M. Capture of Xe and Ar atoms by quantized vortices in4He nanodroplets. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:24805-24818. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp03307a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We present a computational study, based on time-dependent Density Functional theory, of the real-time interaction and trapping of Ar and Xe atoms in superfluid4He nanodroplets either pure or hosting quantized vortex lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Coppens
- Université de Toulouse
- UPS
- Laboratoire Collisions Agrégats Réactivité
- IRSAMC
- F-31062 Toulouse
| | - Francesco Ancilotto
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia ‘Galileo Galilei’ and CNISM
- Università di Padova
- 35122 Padova
- Italy
- CNR-IOM Democritos
| | - Manuel Barranco
- Université de Toulouse
- UPS
- Laboratoire Collisions Agrégats Réactivité
- IRSAMC
- F-31062 Toulouse
| | - Nadine Halberstadt
- Université de Toulouse
- UPS
- Laboratoire Collisions Agrégats Réactivité
- IRSAMC
- F-31062 Toulouse
| | - Martí Pi
- Facultat de Física
- Departament FQA
- Universitat de Barcelona
- 08028 Barcelona
- Spain
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