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Zeman CJ, Kang G, Kohlstedt KL. Controlling Aggregation-Induced Two-Photon Absorption Enhancement via Intermolecular Interactions. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:45644-45657. [PMID: 36191092 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c12436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Historically, two-photon absorption (2PA) cross sections reported in the literature have been derived from solution-phase measurements. However, such techniques fail to grasp the implications of how these cross sections can be impacted by varying degrees of aggregation or in the condensed phase as bulk solids or thin films. For a precise determination of how aggregation impacts 2PA at a molecular level, computational methods present themselves as ideal. Herein, a series of quadrupolar π-conjugated dyes were simulated by molecular dynamics (MD) in the gas phase and condensed phase. In the condensed phase, their intermolecular interactions and electronic coupling behavior were fully characterized, both quantitatively and qualitatively. Using quadratic-response time-dependent density functional theory, 2PA cross sections of structures derived from MD trajectories were calculated. Comparisons are made between gas-phase and condensed-phase results, and enhancement factors are defined to show how certain dyes may experience changes in their respective 2PA cross sections as a function of aggregation. It was found that these cross sections depend heavily on conformational locking in the condensed phase and relative stacking arrangements. J-aggregates were associated with enhanced 2PA and H-aggregates with quenched 2PA activity. However, in a highly disordered aggregate, the effects of these stacking arrangements are averaged out of the bulk result, and the effects of conformational locking dominate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles J Zeman
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois60208, United States
| | - Gyeongwon Kang
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois60208, United States
| | - Kevin L Kohlstedt
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois60208, United States
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2
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Abstract
AbstractThe discovery of new medications in a cost-effective manner has become the top priority for many pharmaceutical companies. Despite decades of innovation, many of their processes arguably remain relatively inefficient. One such process is the prediction of biological activity. This paper describes a new deep learning model, capable of conducting a preliminary screening of chemical compounds in-silico. The model has been constructed using a variation autoencoder to generate chemical compound fingerprints, which have been used to create a regression model to predict their LogD property and a classification model to predict binding in selected assays from the ChEMBL dataset. The conducted experiments demonstrate accurate prediction of the properties of chemical compounds only using structural definitions and also provide several opportunities to improve upon this model in the future.
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3
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Cohen AE, Jackson NE, de Pablo JJ. Anisotropic Coarse-Grained Model for Conjugated Polymers: Investigations into Solution Morphologies. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c00302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander E. Cohen
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Nicholas E. Jackson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Juan J. de Pablo
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
- Center for Molecular Engineering, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
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4
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Banin U, Waiskopf N, Hammarström L, Boschloo G, Freitag M, Johansson EMJ, Sá J, Tian H, Johnston MB, Herz LM, Milot RL, Kanatzidis MG, Ke W, Spanopoulos I, Kohlstedt KL, Schatz GC, Lewis N, Meyer T, Nozik AJ, Beard MC, Armstrong F, Megarity CF, Schmuttenmaer CA, Batista VS, Brudvig GW. Nanotechnology for catalysis and solar energy conversion. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 32:042003. [PMID: 33155576 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/abbce8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This roadmap on Nanotechnology for Catalysis and Solar Energy Conversion focuses on the application of nanotechnology in addressing the current challenges of energy conversion: 'high efficiency, stability, safety, and the potential for low-cost/scalable manufacturing' to quote from the contributed article by Nathan Lewis. This roadmap focuses on solar-to-fuel conversion, solar water splitting, solar photovoltaics and bio-catalysis. It includes dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), perovskite solar cells, and organic photovoltaics. Smart engineering of colloidal quantum materials and nanostructured electrodes will improve solar-to-fuel conversion efficiency, as described in the articles by Waiskopf and Banin and Meyer. Semiconductor nanoparticles will also improve solar energy conversion efficiency, as discussed by Boschloo et al in their article on DSSCs. Perovskite solar cells have advanced rapidly in recent years, including new ideas on 2D and 3D hybrid halide perovskites, as described by Spanopoulos et al 'Next generation' solar cells using multiple exciton generation (MEG) from hot carriers, described in the article by Nozik and Beard, could lead to remarkable improvement in photovoltaic efficiency by using quantization effects in semiconductor nanostructures (quantum dots, wires or wells). These challenges will not be met without simultaneous improvement in nanoscale characterization methods. Terahertz spectroscopy, discussed in the article by Milot et al is one example of a method that is overcoming the difficulties associated with nanoscale materials characterization by avoiding electrical contacts to nanoparticles, allowing characterization during device operation, and enabling characterization of a single nanoparticle. Besides experimental advances, computational science is also meeting the challenges of nanomaterials synthesis. The article by Kohlstedt and Schatz discusses the computational frameworks being used to predict structure-property relationships in materials and devices, including machine learning methods, with an emphasis on organic photovoltaics. The contribution by Megarity and Armstrong presents the 'electrochemical leaf' for improvements in electrochemistry and beyond. In addition, biohybrid approaches can take advantage of efficient and specific enzyme catalysts. These articles present the nanoscience and technology at the forefront of renewable energy development that will have significant benefits to society.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Banin
- The Institute of Chemistry and the Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - N Waiskopf
- The Institute of Chemistry and the Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - L Hammarström
- Department of Chemistry-Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 523, SE-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - G Boschloo
- Department of Chemistry-Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 523, SE-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - M Freitag
- Department of Chemistry-Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 523, SE-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - E M J Johansson
- Department of Chemistry-Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 523, SE-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - J Sá
- Department of Chemistry-Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 523, SE-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - H Tian
- Department of Chemistry-Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 523, SE-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - M B Johnston
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Clarendon Laboratory, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - L M Herz
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Clarendon Laboratory, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - R L Milot
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - M G Kanatzidis
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, United States of America
| | - W Ke
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, United States of America
| | - I Spanopoulos
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, United States of America
| | - K L Kohlstedt
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, United States of America
| | - G C Schatz
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, United States of America
| | - N Lewis
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Beckman Institute, 210 Noyes Laboratory, 127-72 California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, United States of America
| | - T Meyer
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Department of Chemistry, United States of America
| | - A J Nozik
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, United States of America
- University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Department of Chemistry, 80309, United States of America
| | - M C Beard
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, United States of America
| | - F Armstrong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - C F Megarity
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - C A Schmuttenmaer
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect St, New Haven, CT, 06520-8107, United States of America
| | - V S Batista
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect St, New Haven, CT, 06520-8107, United States of America
| | - G W Brudvig
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect St, New Haven, CT, 06520-8107, United States of America
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Swick SM, Gebraad T, Jones L, Fu B, Aldrich TJ, Kohlstedt KL, Schatz GC, Facchetti A, Marks TJ. Building Blocks for High‐Efficiency Organic Photovoltaics: Interplay of Molecular, Crystal, and Electronic Properties in Post‐Fullerene ITIC Ensembles. Chemphyschem 2019; 20:2608-2626. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201900793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Steven M. Swick
- Department of Chemistry Northwestern University Evanston Illinois 60208 United States
- Center for Light Energy Activated Redox Processes Evanston Illinois 60208 United States
| | - Tim Gebraad
- Department of Chemistry Northwestern University Evanston Illinois 60208 United States
- Center for Light Energy Activated Redox Processes Evanston Illinois 60208 United States
| | - Leighton Jones
- Department of Chemistry Northwestern University Evanston Illinois 60208 United States
- Center for Light Energy Activated Redox Processes Evanston Illinois 60208 United States
| | - Bo Fu
- Department of Chemistry Northwestern University Evanston Illinois 60208 United States
- Center for Light Energy Activated Redox Processes Evanston Illinois 60208 United States
| | - Thomas J. Aldrich
- Department of Chemistry Northwestern University Evanston Illinois 60208 United States
- Center for Light Energy Activated Redox Processes Evanston Illinois 60208 United States
| | - Kevin L. Kohlstedt
- Department of Chemistry Northwestern University Evanston Illinois 60208 United States
- Center for Light Energy Activated Redox Processes Evanston Illinois 60208 United States
| | - George C. Schatz
- Department of Chemistry Northwestern University Evanston Illinois 60208 United States
- Center for Light Energy Activated Redox Processes Evanston Illinois 60208 United States
| | - Antonio Facchetti
- Department of Chemistry Northwestern University Evanston Illinois 60208 United States
- Center for Light Energy Activated Redox Processes Evanston Illinois 60208 United States
| | - Tobin J. Marks
- Department of Chemistry Northwestern University Evanston Illinois 60208 United States
- Center for Light Energy Activated Redox Processes Evanston Illinois 60208 United States
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Wang G, Swick SM, Matta M, Mukherjee S, Strzalka JW, Logsdon JL, Fabiano S, Huang W, Aldrich TJ, Yang T, Timalsina A, Powers-Riggs N, Alzola JM, Young RM, DeLongchamp DM, Wasielewski MR, Kohlstedt KL, Schatz GC, Melkonyan FS, Facchetti A, Marks TJ. Photovoltaic Blend Microstructure for High Efficiency Post-Fullerene Solar Cells. To Tilt or Not To Tilt? J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:13410-13420. [PMID: 31379156 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b03770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Achieving efficient polymer solar cells (PSCs) requires a structurally optimal donor-acceptor heterojunction morphology. Here we report the combined experimental and theoretical characterization of a benzodithiophene-benzothiadiazole donor polymer series (PBTZF4-R; R = alkyl substituent) blended with the non-fullerene acceptor ITIC-Th and analyze the effects of substituent dimensions on blend morphology, charge transport, carrier dynamics, and PSC metrics. Varying substituent dimensions has a pronounced effect on the blend morphology with a direct link between domain purity, to some extent domain dimensions, and charge generation and collection. The polymer with the smallest alkyl substituent yields the highest PSC power conversion efficiency (PCE, 11%), reflecting relatively small, high-purity domains and possibly benefiting from "matched" donor polymer-small molecule acceptor orientations. The distinctive morphologies arising from the substituents are investigated using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations which reveal that substituent dimensions dictate a well-defined set of polymer conformations, in turn driving chain aggregation and, ultimately, the various film morphologies and mixing with acceptor small molecules. A straightforward energetic parameter explains the experimental polymer domain morphological trends, hence PCE, and suggests strategies for substituent selection to optimize PSC materials morphologies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Subhrangsu Mukherjee
- Material Science and Engineering Division , National Institute of Standards and Technology , Gaithersburg , Maryland 20899 , United States
| | - Joseph W Strzalka
- X-ray Science Division , Argonne National Laboratory , Argonne , Illinois 60439 , United States
| | | | - Simone Fabiano
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology , Linköping University , SE-60174 Norrköping , Sweden
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Dean M DeLongchamp
- Material Science and Engineering Division , National Institute of Standards and Technology , Gaithersburg , Maryland 20899 , United States
| | | | | | | | | | - Antonio Facchetti
- Flexterra Corporation , 8025 Lamon Avenue , Skokie , Illinois 60077 , United States
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7
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Tavadze P, Avendaño Franco G, Ren P, Wen X, Li Y, Lewis JP. A Machine-Driven Hunt for Global Reaction Coordinates of Azobenzene Photoisomerization. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 140:285-290. [PMID: 29235856 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b10030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pedram Tavadze
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506-6315, United States
| | - Guillermo Avendaño Franco
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506-6315, United States
| | - Pengju Ren
- State
Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion, Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China
- Synfuels China Co.
Ltd., Huairou, Beijing 101407, China
| | - Xiaodong Wen
- State
Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion, Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China
- Synfuels China Co.
Ltd., Huairou, Beijing 101407, China
| | - Yongwang Li
- State
Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion, Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China
- Synfuels China Co.
Ltd., Huairou, Beijing 101407, China
| | - James P. Lewis
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506-6315, United States
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Craven GT, Nitzan A. Electrothermal Transistor Effect and Cyclic Electronic Currents in Multithermal Charge Transfer Networks. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2017; 118:207201. [PMID: 28581803 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.118.207201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2016] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A theory is developed to describe the coupled transport of energy and charge in networks of electron donor-acceptor sites which are seated in a thermally heterogeneous environment, where the transfer kinetics are dominated by Marcus-type hopping rates. It is found that the coupling of heat and charge transfer in such systems gives rise to exotic transport phenomena which are absent in thermally homogeneous systems and cannot be described by standard thermoelectric relations. Specifically, the directionality and extent of thermal transistor amplification and cyclical electronic currents in a given network can be controlled by tuning the underlying temperature gradient in the system. The application of these findings toward the optimal control of multithermal currents is illustrated on a paradigmatic nanostructure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galen T Craven
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Abraham Nitzan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
- School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
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9
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Liu R, Yabansu YC, Yang Z, Choudhary AN, Kalidindi SR, Agrawal A. Context Aware Machine Learning Approaches for Modeling Elastic Localization in Three-Dimensional Composite Microstructures. INTEGRATING MATERIALS AND MANUFACTURING INNOVATION 2017; 6:160-171. [PMID: 31976207 PMCID: PMC6945987 DOI: 10.1007/s40192-017-0094-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The response of a composite material is the result of a complex interplay between the prevailing mechanics and the heterogenous structure at disparate spatial and temporal scales. Understanding and capturing the multiscale phenomena is critical for materials modeling and can be pursued both by physical simulation-based modeling as well as data-driven machine learning-based modeling. In this work, we build machine learning-based data models as surrogate models for approximating the microscale elastic response as a function of the material microstructure (also called the elastic localization linkage). In building these surrogate models, we particularly focus on understanding the role of contexts, as a link to the higher scale information that most evidently influences and determines the microscale response. As a result of context modeling, we find that machine learning systems with context awareness not only outperform previous best results, but also extend the parallelism of model training so as to maximize the computational efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoqian Liu
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Northwestern University, 60208 Evanston, IL USA
| | - Yuksel C. Yabansu
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 30332 Atlanta, GA USA
| | - Zijiang Yang
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Northwestern University, 60208 Evanston, IL USA
| | - Alok N. Choudhary
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Northwestern University, 60208 Evanston, IL USA
| | - Surya R. Kalidindi
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 30332 Atlanta, GA USA
- School of Computational Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 30332 Atlanta, GA USA
| | - Ankit Agrawal
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Northwestern University, 60208 Evanston, IL USA
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