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Haasler M, Maier TM, Kaupp M. Toward a correct treatment of core properties with local hybrid functionals. J Comput Chem 2023; 44:2461-2477. [PMID: 37635647 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.27211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
In local hybrid functionals (LHs), a local mixing function (LMF) determines the position-dependent exact-exchange admixture. We report new LHs that focus on an improvement of the LMF in the core region while retaining or partly improving upon the high accuracy in the valence region exhibited by the LH20t functional. The suggested new pt-LMFs are based on a Padé form and modify the previously used ratio between von Weizsäcker and Kohn-Sham local kinetic energies by different powers of the density to enable flexibly improved approximations to the correct high-density and iso-orbital limits relevant for the innermost core region. Using TDDFT calculations for a set of K-shell core excitations of second- and third-period systems including accurate state-of-the-art relativistic orbital corrections, the core part of the LMF is optimized, while the valence part is optimized as previously reported for test sets of atomization energies and reaction barriers (Haasler et al., J Chem Theory Comput 2020, 16, 5645). The LHs are completed by a calibration function that minimizes spurious nondynamical correlation effects caused by the gauge ambiguities of exchange-energy densities, as well as by B95c meta-GGA correlation. The resulting LH23pt functional relates to the previous LH20t functional but specifically improves upon the core region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Haasler
- Technische Universität Berlin, Institute of Chemistry Theoretical Chemistry/Quantum Chemistry, Berlin, Germany
| | - Toni M Maier
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Martin Kaupp
- Technische Universität Berlin, Institute of Chemistry Theoretical Chemistry/Quantum Chemistry, Berlin, Germany
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2
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Gibney D, Boyn JN, Mazziotti DA. Universal Generalization of Density Functional Theory for Static Correlation. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:243003. [PMID: 38181140 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.243003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
A major challenge for density functional theory (DFT) is its failure to treat static correlation, yielding errors in predicted charges, band gaps, van der Waals forces, and reaction barriers. Here we combine one- and two-electron reduced density matrix (1- and 2-RDM) theories with DFT to obtain a universal O(N^{3}) generalization of DFT for static correlation. Using the lowest unitary invariant of the cumulant 2-RDM, we generate a 1-RDM functional theory that corrects the convexity of any DFT functional to capture static correlation in its fractional orbital occupations. Importantly, the unitary invariant yields a predictive theory by revealing the dependence of the correction's strength upon the trace of the two-electron repulsion matrix. We apply the theory to the barrier to rotation in ethylene, the relative energies of the benzynes, as well as an 11-molecule, dissociation benchmark. By inheriting the computational efficiency of DFT without sacrificing the treatment of static correlation, the theory opens new possibilities for the prediction and interpretation of significant quantum molecular effects and phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Gibney
- Department of Chemistry and The James Franck Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637 USA
| | - Jan-Niklas Boyn
- Department of Chemistry and The James Franck Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637 USA
| | - David A Mazziotti
- Department of Chemistry and The James Franck Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637 USA
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3
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Santos CV, Monteiro SA, Soares ASC, Souto ICA, Moura RT. Decoding Chemical Bonds: Assessment of the Basis Set Effect on Overlap Electron Density Descriptors and Topological Properties in Comparison to QTAIM. J Phys Chem A 2023; 127:7997-8014. [PMID: 37703453 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c04504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Quantum chemical bonding descriptors based on the total and overlap density can provide valuable information about chemical interactions in different systems. However, these descriptors can be sensitive to the basis set used. To address this, different numerical treatments of electron density have been proposed to reduce the basis set dependency. In this work, we introduce overlap properties (OPs) obtained through numerical treatment of the electron density and present the topology of overlap density (TOP) for the first time. We compare the basis set dependency of numerical OP and TOP descriptors with their quantum theory of atoms in molecules (QTAIM) counterparts, considering the total electron density. Three single (C-C, C-O, and C-F) bonds in ethane, methanol, and fluoromethane and two double (C═C and C═O) bonds in ethene and formaldehyde were analyzed. Diatomic molecules Li-X with X = F, Cl, and Br were also analyzed. Eight parameters, including QTAIM descriptors and OP/TOP descriptors, are used to assess the basis dependency at the ωB97X-D level of theory using 28 basis sets from three classes: Pople, Ahlrichs, and Dunning. The study revealed that the topological overlap electron density properties exhibit comparatively lesser dependence on the basis set compared to their total electron density counterparts. Remarkably, these properties retain their chemical significance even with reduced basis set dependency. Similarly, numerical OP descriptors show less basis set dependency than their QTAIM counterparts. The excess of polarization functions increases charge concentration in the interatomic region and influences both QTAIM and OP descriptors. The basis sets Def2TZVP, 6-31++G(d,p), 6-311++G(d,p), cc-pVDZ, cc-pVTZ, and cc-pVQZ demonstrate reduced variability for the tested bond classes in this study, with particular emphasis on the triple-ζ quality Ahlrichs' basis set. We recommend against using basis sets with numerous polarization functions, such as augmented Dunning's and Ahlrichs' quadruple-ζ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos V Santos
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Paraiba, Joao Pessoa, Paraiba 58051-970, Brazil
| | - Shirlene A Monteiro
- Department of Chemistry, State University of Paraiba, Campina Grande, Paraiba 58051-970, Brazil
| | - Amanda S C Soares
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Center of Agrarian Sciences, Federal University of Paraiba, Areia, Paraiba 58397-000, Brazil
| | - Isabeli C A Souto
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Center of Agrarian Sciences, Federal University of Paraiba, Areia, Paraiba 58397-000, Brazil
| | - Renaldo T Moura
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Center of Agrarian Sciences, Federal University of Paraiba, Areia, Paraiba 58397-000, Brazil
- Computational and Theoretical Chemistry Group (CATCO), Department of Chemistry, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas 75275, United States
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4
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Sitha S. Better performance of Hartree-Fock over DFT: a quantum mechanical investigation on pyridinium benzimidazolate types of zwitterions in the light of localization/delocalization issues. J Mol Model 2023; 29:313. [PMID: 37704866 PMCID: PMC10499969 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-023-05706-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT With the advent of fast computing facilities, combined with rapid emerges of many new and intricate quantum mechanical functionals, computations with pure Hartree-Fock (HF) theory are now-a-days regarded as trivial or obsolete, or even considered as not reliable by many researchers. Consequently, current trends in computational chemistry show extensive use of post-HF theories for smaller molecular systems and various DFT methods for organic and inorganic chemistry related problems (larger molecules/systems). In this contribution, I have tried to show that sometimes, HF might be more suitable over DFT methodologies in addressing structure-property correlations. Molecules studied here were previously synthesized by Boyd in 1966 and important experimental data were produced by Alcalde and co-workers in 1987. Comparison of computed and experimental results clearly shows that HF method was more effective in reproducing the experimental data compared to especially the DFT methodologies. Reliability of HF method was further assured from the very similar results shown by the CCSD, CASSCF, CISD and QCISD methods. Current study also indicates that the localization issue associated with HF proved to be advantageous over delocalization issue of DFT based methodologies, in correctly describing the structure-property correlation for zwitterion systems. METHODS All computations were performed with Gaussian 09. A wide-range of quantum mechanical methodologies, HF, B3LYP, CAM-B3LYP, BMK, B3PW91, TPSSh, LC-ωPBE, M06-2X, M06-HF, ωB97xD, MP2, CASSCF, CCSD, QCISD, CISD and semi-empirical methods like, Huckel, CNDO, AM1, PM3MM and PM6, were used for investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanyasi Sitha
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park, PO Box 524, Johannesburg, 2006, South Africa.
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5
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Graf D, Thom AJW. Simple and Efficient Route toward Improved Energetics within the Framework of Density-Corrected Density Functional Theory. J Chem Theory Comput 2023; 19:5427-5438. [PMID: 37525457 PMCID: PMC10448722 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.3c00441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
The crucial step in density-corrected Hartree-Fock density functional theory (DC(HF)-DFT) is to decide whether the density produced by the density functional for a specific calculation is erroneous and, hence, should be replaced by, in this case, the HF density. We introduce an indicator, based on the difference in noninteracting kinetic energies between DFT and HF calculations, to determine when the HF density is the better option. Our kinetic energy indicator directly compares the self-consistent density of the analyzed functional with the HF density, is size-intensive, reliable, and most importantly highly efficient. Moreover, we present a procedure that makes best use of the computed quantities necessary for DC(HF)-DFT by additionally evaluating a related hybrid functional and, in that way, not only "corrects" the density but also the functional itself; we call that procedure corrected Hartree-Fock density functional theory (C(HF)-DFT).
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Graf
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Alex J. W. Thom
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
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Roy PO, Cuierrier E, Ernzerhof M. Generating Exchange-Correlation Functionals with a Simplified, Self-Consistent Correlation Factor Model. J Phys Chem A 2023; 127:2026-2033. [PMID: 36802604 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c08397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
We focus on the spherically averaged exchange-correlation hole ρXC(r, u) of density functional theory, which describes the reduction in the electron density at a distance u due to the reference electron localized at position r. The correlation factor (CF) approach, where the model exchange hole ρXmodel(r, u) is multiplied by a CF (fC(r, u)) to yield an approximation to the exchange-correlation hole ρXC(r, u) = fC(r, u) ρXmodel(r, u), has proven to be a powerful tool for the development of new approximations. One of the remaining challenges within the CF approach is the self-consistent implementation of the resulting functionals. To address this issue, here we propose a simplification of the previously developed CFs such that self-consistent implementations become feasible. As an illustration of the simplified CF model, we develop a new meta-GGA functional, and using only a minimum of empiricism, we provide an easy derivation of an approximation that is of an accuracy similar to more involved meta-GGA functionals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre-Olivier Roy
- Département de Chimie, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128 Succursale A, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Etienne Cuierrier
- Département de Chimie, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128 Succursale A, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Matthias Ernzerhof
- Département de Chimie, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128 Succursale A, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada
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7
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Tikhonov SA, Sidorin AE, Ksenofontov AA, Kosyanov DY, Samoilov IS, Skitnevskaya AD, Trofimov AB, Antina EV, Berezin MB, Vovna VI. XPS and quantum chemical analysis of 4Me-BODIPY derivatives. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:5211-5225. [PMID: 36723097 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp04541a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The results of a X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and steady-state absorption spectroscopy study of the electronic structure, and cationic and excited states of a series of 1,3,5,7-tetramethyl-substituted BODIPYs (4Me,2R-BODIPYs) are presented. The experimental data were interpreted using high-level ab initio quantum chemical computations, including the algebraic diagrammatic construction method for the polarization propagator of the second order (ADC(2)), the outer-valence Green's function (OVGF) method, the density functional (DFT) approach, and the time-dependent DFT (TD-DFT) approach. Substitution effects on the XPS and absorption spectra were determined for 2,6-positions of 4Me,2R-BODIPY pyrrole nuclei (R = H, Br, Bu, benzyl). A very satisfactory performance of the DFT Koopmans theorem analogue was demonstrated with respect to the energy intervals between the electronic levels of 4Me,2R-BODIPY above 13 eV (BHHLYP functional) and the values of the HOMO-LUMO energy gap (ωB97X functional).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey A Tikhonov
- Kamchatka Branch of the Geophysical Survey of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Piip blvd. 9, 683023 Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, Russian Federation.
| | - Andrey E Sidorin
- Far Eastern Federal University, 10 Ajax Bay, Russky Island, 690922 Vladivostok, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander A Ksenofontov
- G.A. Krestov Institute of Solution Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Akademicheskaya Str. 1, 153045 Ivanovo, Russian Federation
| | - Denis Yu Kosyanov
- Far Eastern Federal University, 10 Ajax Bay, Russky Island, 690922 Vladivostok, Russian Federation.,Institute of Automation and Control Processes, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 5 Radio Street, 690041 Vladivostok, Russian Federation
| | - Ilya S Samoilov
- Kamchatka Branch of the Geophysical Survey of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Piip blvd. 9, 683023 Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, Russian Federation. .,Department of Photonics, Saint Petersburg State University, 7-9 Universitetskaya Embankment, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Anna D Skitnevskaya
- Laboratory of Quantum Chemical Modeling of Molecular Systems, Irkutsk State University, Karl Marx Str. 1, 664003 Irkutsk, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander B Trofimov
- Laboratory of Quantum Chemical Modeling of Molecular Systems, Irkutsk State University, Karl Marx Str. 1, 664003 Irkutsk, Russian Federation.,Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 1 Favorsky St., 664033 Irkutsk, Russian Federation
| | - Elena V Antina
- G.A. Krestov Institute of Solution Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Akademicheskaya Str. 1, 153045 Ivanovo, Russian Federation
| | - Mikhail B Berezin
- G.A. Krestov Institute of Solution Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Akademicheskaya Str. 1, 153045 Ivanovo, Russian Federation
| | - Vitaliy I Vovna
- Far Eastern Federal University, 10 Ajax Bay, Russky Island, 690922 Vladivostok, Russian Federation
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8
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Accuracy of electronic density calculated using an optimally tuned range-separated hybrid functional. Theor Chem Acc 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s00214-022-02952-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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9
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Teale AM, Helgaker T, Savin A, Adamo C, Aradi B, Arbuznikov AV, Ayers PW, Baerends EJ, Barone V, Calaminici P, Cancès E, Carter EA, Chattaraj PK, Chermette H, Ciofini I, Crawford TD, De Proft F, Dobson JF, Draxl C, Frauenheim T, Fromager E, Fuentealba P, Gagliardi L, Galli G, Gao J, Geerlings P, Gidopoulos N, Gill PMW, Gori-Giorgi P, Görling A, Gould T, Grimme S, Gritsenko O, Jensen HJA, Johnson ER, Jones RO, Kaupp M, Köster AM, Kronik L, Krylov AI, Kvaal S, Laestadius A, Levy M, Lewin M, Liu S, Loos PF, Maitra NT, Neese F, Perdew JP, Pernal K, Pernot P, Piecuch P, Rebolini E, Reining L, Romaniello P, Ruzsinszky A, Salahub DR, Scheffler M, Schwerdtfeger P, Staroverov VN, Sun J, Tellgren E, Tozer DJ, Trickey SB, Ullrich CA, Vela A, Vignale G, Wesolowski TA, Xu X, Yang W. DFT exchange: sharing perspectives on the workhorse of quantum chemistry and materials science. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:28700-28781. [PMID: 36269074 PMCID: PMC9728646 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp02827a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, the history, present status, and future of density-functional theory (DFT) is informally reviewed and discussed by 70 workers in the field, including molecular scientists, materials scientists, method developers and practitioners. The format of the paper is that of a roundtable discussion, in which the participants express and exchange views on DFT in the form of 302 individual contributions, formulated as responses to a preset list of 26 questions. Supported by a bibliography of 777 entries, the paper represents a broad snapshot of DFT, anno 2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M. Teale
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University ParkNottinghamNG7 2RDUK
| | - Trygve Helgaker
- Hylleraas Centre for Quantum Molecular Sciences, Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1033 Blindern, N-0315 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Andreas Savin
- Laboratoire de Chimie Théorique, CNRS and Sorbonne University, 4 Place Jussieu, CEDEX 05, 75252 Paris, France.
| | - Carlo Adamo
- PSL University, CNRS, ChimieParisTech-PSL, Institute of Chemistry for Health and Life Sciences, i-CLeHS, 11 rue P. et M. Curie, 75005 Paris, France.
| | - Bálint Aradi
- Bremen Center for Computational Materials Science, University of Bremen, P.O. Box 330440, D-28334 Bremen, Germany.
| | - Alexei V. Arbuznikov
- Technische Universität Berlin, Institut für Chemie, Theoretische Chemie/Quantenchemie, Sekr. C7Straße des 17. Juni 13510623Berlin
| | | | - Evert Jan Baerends
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1083, 1081HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Vincenzo Barone
- Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza dei Cavalieri 7, 56125 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Patrizia Calaminici
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (Cinvestav), CDMX, 07360, Mexico.
| | - Eric Cancès
- CERMICS, Ecole des Ponts and Inria Paris, 6 Avenue Blaise Pascal, 77455 Marne-la-Vallée, France.
| | - Emily A. Carter
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering and the Andlinger Center for Energy and the Environment, Princeton UniversityPrincetonNJ 08544-5263USA
| | | | - Henry Chermette
- Institut Sciences Analytiques, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, CNRS UMR 5280, 69622 Villeurbanne, France.
| | - Ilaria Ciofini
- PSL University, CNRS, ChimieParisTech-PSL, Institute of Chemistry for Health and Life Sciences, i-CLeHS, 11 rue P. et M. Curie, 75005 Paris, France.
| | - T. Daniel Crawford
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia TechBlacksburgVA 24061USA,Molecular Sciences Software InstituteBlacksburgVA 24060USA
| | - Frank De Proft
- Research Group of General Chemistry (ALGC), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium.
| | | | - Claudia Draxl
- Institut für Physik and IRIS Adlershof, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 12489 Berlin, Germany. .,Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Frauenheim
- Bremen Center for Computational Materials Science, University of Bremen, P.O. Box 330440, D-28334 Bremen, Germany. .,Beijing Computational Science Research Center (CSRC), 100193 Beijing, China.,Shenzhen JL Computational Science and Applied Research Institute, 518110 Shenzhen, China
| | - Emmanuel Fromager
- Laboratoire de Chimie Quantique, Institut de Chimie, CNRS/Université de Strasbourg, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, 67000 Strasbourg, France.
| | - Patricio Fuentealba
- Departamento de Física, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Casilla 653, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Laura Gagliardi
- Department of Chemistry, Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, The James Franck Institute, and Chicago Center for Theoretical Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA.
| | - Giulia Galli
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering and Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Jiali Gao
- Institute of Systems and Physical Biology, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518055, China. .,Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Paul Geerlings
- Research Group of General Chemistry (ALGC), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Nikitas Gidopoulos
- Department of Physics, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK.
| | - Peter M. W. Gill
- School of Chemistry, University of SydneyCamperdown NSW 2006Australia
| | - Paola Gori-Giorgi
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS), Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1083, 1081HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Andreas Görling
- Chair of Theoretical Chemistry, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Egerlandstrasse 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Tim Gould
- Qld Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Qld 4222, Australia.
| | - Stefan Grimme
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, University of Bonn, Beringstrasse 4, 53115 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Oleg Gritsenko
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS), Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1083, 1081HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Hans Jørgen Aagaard Jensen
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark.
| | - Erin R. Johnson
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie UniversityHalifaxNova ScotiaB3H 4R2Canada
| | - Robert O. Jones
- Peter Grünberg Institut PGI-1, Forschungszentrum Jülich52425 JülichGermany
| | - Martin Kaupp
- Technische Universität Berlin, Institut für Chemie, Theoretische Chemie/Quantenchemie, Sekr. C7, Straße des 17. Juni 135, 10623, Berlin.
| | - Andreas M. Köster
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (Cinvestav)CDMX07360Mexico
| | - Leeor Kronik
- Department of Molecular Chemistry and Materials Science, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovoth, 76100, Israel.
| | - Anna I. Krylov
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCalifornia 90089USA
| | - Simen Kvaal
- Hylleraas Centre for Quantum Molecular Sciences, Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1033 Blindern, N-0315 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Andre Laestadius
- Hylleraas Centre for Quantum Molecular Sciences, Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1033 Blindern, N-0315 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Mel Levy
- Department of Chemistry, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, 70118, USA.
| | - Mathieu Lewin
- CNRS & CEREMADE, Université Paris-Dauphine, PSL Research University, Place de Lattre de Tassigny, 75016 Paris, France.
| | - Shubin Liu
- Research Computing Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3420, USA. .,Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3290, USA
| | - Pierre-François Loos
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Physique Quantiques (UMR 5626), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, France.
| | - Neepa T. Maitra
- Department of Physics, Rutgers University at Newark101 Warren StreetNewarkNJ 07102USA
| | - Frank Neese
- Max Planck Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser Wilhelm Platz 1, D-45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany.
| | - John P. Perdew
- Departments of Physics and Chemistry, Temple UniversityPhiladelphiaPA 19122USA
| | - Katarzyna Pernal
- Institute of Physics, Lodz University of Technology, ul. Wolczanska 219, 90-924 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Pascal Pernot
- Institut de Chimie Physique, UMR8000, CNRS and Université Paris-Saclay, Bât. 349, Campus d'Orsay, 91405 Orsay, France.
| | - Piotr Piecuch
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA. .,Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - Elisa Rebolini
- Institut Laue Langevin, 71 avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France.
| | - Lucia Reining
- Laboratoire des Solides Irradiés, CNRS, CEA/DRF/IRAMIS, École Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, F-91120 Palaiseau, France. .,European Theoretical Spectroscopy Facility
| | - Pina Romaniello
- Laboratoire de Physique Théorique (UMR 5152), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, France.
| | - Adrienn Ruzsinszky
- Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA.
| | - Dennis R. Salahub
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Physics and Astronomy, CMS – Centre for Molecular Simulation, IQST – Institute for Quantum Science and Technology, Quantum Alberta, University of Calgary2500 University Drive NWCalgaryAlbertaT2N 1N4Canada
| | - Matthias Scheffler
- The NOMAD Laboratory at the FHI of the Max-Planck-Gesellschaft and IRIS-Adlershof of the Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Faradayweg 4-6, D-14195, Germany.
| | - Peter Schwerdtfeger
- Centre for Theoretical Chemistry and Physics, The New Zealand Institute for Advanced Study, Massey University Auckland, 0632 Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Viktor N. Staroverov
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western OntarioLondonOntario N6A 5B7Canada
| | - Jianwei Sun
- Department of Physics and Engineering Physics, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA.
| | - Erik Tellgren
- Hylleraas Centre for Quantum Molecular Sciences, Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1033 Blindern, N-0315 Oslo, Norway.
| | - David J. Tozer
- Department of Chemistry, Durham UniversitySouth RoadDurhamDH1 3LEUK
| | - Samuel B. Trickey
- Quantum Theory Project, Deptartment of Physics, University of FloridaGainesvilleFL 32611USA
| | - Carsten A. Ullrich
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of MissouriColumbiaMO 65211USA
| | - Alberto Vela
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (Cinvestav), CDMX, 07360, Mexico.
| | - Giovanni Vignale
- Department of Physics, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65203, USA.
| | - Tomasz A. Wesolowski
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Université de Genève30 Quai Ernest-Ansermet1211 GenèveSwitzerland
| | - Xin Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovation Materials, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemistry for Energy Materials, MOE Laboratory for Computational Physical Science, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Weitao Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Duke University, Durham, NC 27516, USA.
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10
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Domagała M, Jabłoński M, Dubis AT, Zabel M, Pfitzner A, Palusiak M. Testing of Exchange-Correlation Functionals of DFT for a Reliable Description of the Electron Density Distribution in Organic Molecules. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314719. [PMID: 36499046 PMCID: PMC9740346 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Researchers carrying out calculations using the DFT method face the problem of the correct choice of the exchange-correlation functional to describe the quantities they are interested in. This article deals with benchmark calculations aimed at testing various exchange-correlation functionals in terms of a reliable description of the electron density distribution in molecules. For this purpose, 30 functionals representing all rungs of Jacob's Ladder are selected and then the values of some QTAIM-based parameters are compared with their reference equivalents obtained at the CCSD/aug-cc-pVTZ level of theory. The presented results show that the DFT method undoubtedly has the greatest problems with a reliable description of the electron density distribution in multiple strongly polar bonds, such as C=O, and bonds associated with large electron charge delocalization. The performance of the tested functionals turned out to be unsystematic. Nevertheless, in terms of a reliable general description of QTAIM-based parameters, the M11, SVWN, BHHLYP, M06-HF, and, to a slightly lesser extent, also BLYP, B3LYP, and X3LYP functionals turned out to be the worst. It is alarming to find the most popular B3LYP functional in this group. On the other hand, in the case of the electron density at the bond critical point, being the most important QTAIM-based parameter, the M06-HF functional is especially discouraged due to the very poor description of the C=O bond. On the contrary, the VSXC, M06-L, SOGGA11-X, M06-2X, MN12-SX, and, to a slightly lesser extent, also TPSS, TPSSh, and B1B95 perform well in this respect. Particularly noteworthy is the overwhelming performance of double hybrids in terms of reliable values of bond delocalization indices. The results show that there is no clear improvement in the reliability of describing the electron density distribution with climbing Jacob's Ladder, as top-ranked double hybrids are also, in some cases, able to produce poor values compared to CCSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Domagała
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Lodz, Pomorska 163/165, 90-236 Lodz, Poland
| | - Mirosław Jabłoński
- Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Gagarina 7, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-056-611-4695
| | - Alina T. Dubis
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Białystok, Ciołkowskiego 1K, 15-245 Białystok, Poland
| | - Manfred Zabel
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Arno Pfitzner
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Marcin Palusiak
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Lodz, Pomorska 163/165, 90-236 Lodz, Poland
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11
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Gibney D, Boyn JN, Mazziotti DA. Comparison of Density-Matrix Corrections to Density Functional Theory. J Chem Theory Comput 2022; 18:6600-6607. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.2c00625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Gibney
- Department of Chemistry and The James Franck Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637 United States
| | - Jan-Niklas Boyn
- Department of Chemistry and The James Franck Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637 United States
| | - David A. Mazziotti
- Department of Chemistry and The James Franck Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637 United States
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12
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Investigations into the flotation of molybdenite in the presence of chalcopyrite using (3S,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5,6-tetrahydroxyoxane-2-carboxylate acid as a novel selective depressant: An experimental and theoretical perspective. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.120661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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13
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Electronic structure and photoelectron spectra of fluorinated ZnII thioacetylacetonate complexes. Russ Chem Bull 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-022-3522-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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14
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Liang J, Feng X, Hait D, Head-Gordon M. Revisiting the Performance of Time-Dependent Density Functional Theory for Electronic Excitations: Assessment of 43 Popular and Recently Developed Functionals from Rungs One to Four. J Chem Theory Comput 2022; 18:3460-3473. [PMID: 35533317 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.2c00160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, the performance of more than 40 popular or recently developed density functionals is assessed for the calculation of 463 vertical excitation energies against the large and accurate QuestDB benchmark set. For this purpose, the Tamm-Dancoff approximation offers a good balance between computational efficiency and accuracy. The functionals ωB97X-D and BMK are found to offer the best performance overall with a root-mean square error (RMSE) of around 0.27 eV, better than the computationally more demanding CIS(D) wave function method with a RMSE of 0.36 eV. The results also suggest that Jacob's ladder still holds for time-dependent density functional theory excitation energies, though hybrid meta generalized-gradient approximations (meta-GGAs) are not generally better than hybrid GGAs. Effects of basis set convergence, gauge invariance correction to meta-GGAs, and nonlocal correlation (VV10) are also studied, and practical basis set recommendations are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiashu Liang
- Kenneth S. Pitzer Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Xintian Feng
- Q-Chem Inc., Pleasanton, California 94588, United States
| | - Diptarka Hait
- Kenneth S. Pitzer Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Martin Head-Gordon
- Kenneth S. Pitzer Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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15
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Brémond É, Tognetti V, Chermette H, Sancho-García JC, Joubert L, Adamo C. Electronic Energy and Local Property Errors at QTAIM Critical Points while Climbing Perdew's Ladder of Density-Functional Approximations. J Chem Theory Comput 2021; 18:293-308. [PMID: 34958205 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.1c00981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We investigate the relationships between electron-density and electronic-energy errors produced by modern exchange-correlation density-functional approximations belonging to all of the rungs of Perdew's ladder. To this aim, a panel of relevant (semi)local properties evaluated at critical points of the electron-density field (as defined within the framework of Bader's atoms-in-molecules theory) are computed on a large selection of molecular systems involved in thermodynamic, kinetic, and noncovalent interaction chemical databases using density functionals developed in a nonempirical and minimally and highly parametrized fashion. The comparison of their density- and energy-based performance, also discussed in terms of density-driven errors, casts light on the strengths and weaknesses of the most recent and efficient density-functional approximations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Éric Brémond
- Université de Paris, ITODYS, CNRS, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Vincent Tognetti
- Normandy University, COBRA UMR 6014 and FR 3038, Université de Rouen INSA Rouen, CNRS, F-76821 Mont St Aignan, France
| | - Henry Chermette
- Université de Lyon, Institut des Sciences Analytiques, UMR 5280, CNRS, Université Lyon 1, 5 rue de la Doua, F-69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | | | - Laurent Joubert
- Normandy University, COBRA UMR 6014 and FR 3038, Université de Rouen INSA Rouen, CNRS, F-76821 Mont St Aignan, France
| | - Carlo Adamo
- Chimie ParisTech, PSL Research University, CNRS, Institute of Chemistry for Life and Health Sciences (i-CLeHS), UMR 8060, F-75005 Paris, France.,Institut Universitaire de France, 103 Boulevard Saint Michel, F-75005 Paris, France
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16
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Fajen OJ, Brorsen KR. Multicomponent MP4 and the inclusion of triple excitations in multicomponent many-body methods. J Chem Phys 2021; 155:234108. [PMID: 34937367 DOI: 10.1063/5.0071423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This study implements the full multicomponent third-order (MP3) and fourth-order (MP4) many-body perturbation theory methods for the first time. Previous multicomponent studies have only implemented a subset of the full contributions, and the present implementation is the first multicomponent many-body method to include any connected triples contribution to the electron-proton correlation energy. The multicomponent MP3 method is shown to be comparable in accuracy to the multicomponent coupled-cluster doubles method for the calculation of proton affinities, while the multicomponent MP4 method is of similar accuracy as the multicomponent coupled-cluster singles and doubles method. From the results in this study, it is hypothesized that the relative accuracy of multicomponent methods is more similar to their single-component counterparts than previously assumed. It is demonstrated that for multicomponent MP4, the fourth-order triple-excitation contributions can be split into electron-electron and electron-proton contributions and the electron-electron contributions ignored with very little loss of accuracy of protonic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Jonathan Fajen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65203, USA
| | - Kurt R Brorsen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65203, USA
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17
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Zev S, Gupta PK, Pahima E, Major DT. A Benchmark Study of Quantum Mechanics and Quantum Mechanics-Molecular Mechanics Methods for Carbocation Chemistry. J Chem Theory Comput 2021; 18:167-178. [PMID: 34905380 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.1c00746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Carbocations play key roles in classical organic reactions and have also been implicated in several enzyme families. A hallmark of carbocation chemistry is multitudes of competing reaction pathways, and to be able to distinguish between pathways with quantum chemical calculations, it is necessary to approach chemical accuracy for relative energies between carbocations. Here, we present an extensive study of the performance of selected density functional theory (DFT) methods in describing the thermochemistry and kinetics of carbocations and their corresponding neutral alkenes both in the gas-phase and within a hybrid quantum mechanics-molecular mechanics (QM/MM) framework. The density functionals are benchmarked against accurate ab initio methods such as CBS-QB3 and DLPNO-CCSD(T). Based on the findings in the gas-phase calculations of carbocations and alkenes, the best functionals are chosen and tested further for non-covalent interactions in model systems using QM and QM/MM methods. We compute the interaction energies between a model carbocation/alkane and model π, dipole, and hydrophobic systems using DFT and QM(DFT)/MM and compare with DLPNO-CCSD(T). These latter model systems are representative of side chains of amino acids such as phenylalanine/tyrosine, tryptophan, asparagine/glutamine, serine/threonine, methionine, and other hydrophobic groups. The Lennard-Jones parameters of the QM atoms in QM(DFT)/MM calculations are modified to obtain an optimal fit with the QM energies. Finally, a selected carbocation reaction is studied in the gas phase and in implicit chloroform solvent using QM and in explicit chloroform solvent using QM/MM and umbrella sampling simulations. This study highlights the highest accuracy possible with selected density functionals and QM/MM methods but also some limitations in using QM/MM methods for carbocation systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shani Zev
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Nanotechnology & Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel
| | - Prashant Kumar Gupta
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Nanotechnology & Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel
| | - Efrat Pahima
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Nanotechnology & Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel
| | - Dan Thomas Major
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Nanotechnology & Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel
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18
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Martín-Fernández C, Harvey JN. On the Use of Normalized Metrics for Density Sensitivity Analysis in DFT. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:4639-4652. [PMID: 34018759 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c01290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
In the past years, there has been a discussion about how the errors in density functional theory might be related to errors in the self-consistent densities obtained from different density functional approximations. This, in turn, brings up the discussion about the different ways in which we can measure such errors and develop metrics that assess the sensitivity of calculated energies to changes in the density. It is important to realize that there cannot be a unique metric in order to look at this density sensitivity, simultaneously needing size-extensive and size-intensive metrics. In this study, we report two metrics that are widely applicable to any density functional approximation. We also show how they can be used to classify different chemical systems of interest with respect to their sensitivity to small variations in the density.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jeremy N Harvey
- Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan, 200F 3001 Leuven, Belgium
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19
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Nam S, Cho E, Sim E, Burke K. Explaining and Fixing DFT Failures for Torsional Barriers. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:2796-2804. [PMID: 33710903 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c00426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Most torsional barriers are predicted with high accuracies (about 1 kJ/mol) by standard semilocal functionals, but a small subset was found to have much larger errors. We created a database of almost 300 carbon-carbon torsional barriers, including 12 poorly behaved barriers, that stem from the Y═C-X group, where Y is O or S and X is a halide. Functionals with enhanced exchange mixing (about 50%) worked well for all barriers. We found that poor actors have delocalization errors caused by hyperconjugation. These problematic calculations are density-sensitive (i.e., DFT predictions change noticeably with the density), and using HF densities (HF-DFT) fixes these issues. For example, conventional B3LYP performs as accurately as exchange-enhanced functionals if the HF density is used. For long-chain conjugated molecules, HF-DFT can be much better than exchange-enhanced functionals. We suggest that HF-PBE0 has the best overall performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungsoo Nam
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, South Korea
| | - Eunbyol Cho
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, South Korea
| | - Eunji Sim
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, South Korea
| | - Kieron Burke
- Departments of Chemistry and of Physics, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
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20
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Hait D, Liang YH, Head-Gordon M. Too big, too small, or just right? A benchmark assessment of density functional theory for predicting the spatial extent of the electron density of small chemical systems. J Chem Phys 2021; 154:074109. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0038694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Diptarka Hait
- Kenneth S. Pitzer Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Yu Hsuan Liang
- Kenneth S. Pitzer Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Martin Head-Gordon
- Kenneth S. Pitzer Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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21
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Lindquist-Kleissler B, Wenger JS, Johnstone TC. Analysis of Oxygen–Pnictogen Bonding with Full Bond Path Topological Analysis of the Electron Density. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:1846-1856. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c03308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brent Lindquist-Kleissler
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
| | - John S. Wenger
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
| | - Timothy C. Johnstone
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
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22
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Photoelectron spectra and electronic structure of Zn(II)bis-β-diketonates with aromatic substituents by the PES, DFT, and OVGF methods. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2020.128815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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23
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Jakobsen P, Jensen F. Representing Exact Electron Densities by a Single Slater Determinant in Finite Basis Sets. J Chem Theory Comput 2020; 17:269-276. [PMID: 33287541 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.0c01029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The premise for Kohn-Sham density functional theory is that the exact electron density can be generated by a set of orbitals in a single Slater determinant. While this is ensured in a complete basis set, it has been shown that it cannot hold in small basis sets. The present work probes how accurately a reference electron density of the full-CI type can be reproduced by a set of orbitals in a single Slater determinant, as a function of the basis set used for the fitting electron density. The key finding is that the fitting error may be significant for basis sets of double- or triple-ζ quality. It is also shown that it is important that the fitting basis set includes the same basis functions as used for generating the reference electron density. The main limitation in a given basis set is the lack of higher order polarization functions. The error for practical purposes becomes insignificant for basis sets of quadruple-ζ or better quality, and this should be the choice when assessing the accuracy of exchange-correlation functionals by comparing electron densities to accurate reference results generated by wave function methods. The methodology in the present work can be used to transform an electron density from a multideterminant wave function into a set of orbitals in a single Slater determinant, and this may be useful for developing and testing new exchange-correlation functionals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Jakobsen
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Frank Jensen
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark
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24
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Rettig A, Hait D, Bertels LW, Head-Gordon M. Third-Order Møller-Plesset Theory Made More Useful? The Role of Density Functional Theory Orbitals. J Chem Theory Comput 2020; 16:7473-7489. [PMID: 33161713 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.0c00986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The practical utility of Møller-Plesset (MP) perturbation theory is severely constrained by the use of Hartree-Fock (HF) orbitals. It has recently been shown that the use of regularized orbital-optimized MP2 orbitals and scaling of MP3 energy could lead to a significant reduction in MP3 error [Bertels, L. W.; J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2019, 10, 4170 4176]. In this work, we examine whether density functional theory (DFT)-optimized orbitals can be similarly employed to improve the performance of MP theory at both the MP2 and MP3 levels. We find that the use of DFT orbitals leads to significantly improved performance for prediction of thermochemistry, barrier heights, noncovalent interactions, and dipole moments relative to the standard HF-based MP theory. Indeed, MP3 (with or without scaling) with DFT orbitals is found to surpass the accuracy of coupled-cluster singles and doubles (CCSD) for several data sets. We also found that the results are not particularly functional sensitive in most cases (although range-separated hybrid functionals with low delocalization error perform the best). MP3 based on DFT orbitals thus appears to be an efficient, noniterative O(N6) scaling wave-function approach for single-reference electronic structure computations. Scaled MP2 with DFT orbitals is also found to be quite accurate in many cases, although modern double hybrid functionals are likely to be considerably more accurate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Rettig
- Kenneth S. Pitzer Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Diptarka Hait
- Kenneth S. Pitzer Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Luke W Bertels
- Kenneth S. Pitzer Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Martin Head-Gordon
- Kenneth S. Pitzer Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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25
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Grotjahn R, Lauter GJ, Haasler M, Kaupp M. Evaluation of Local Hybrid Functionals for Electric Properties: Dipole Moments and Static and Dynamic Polarizabilities. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:8346-8358. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c06939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robin Grotjahn
- Theoretische Chemie/Quantenchemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Institut für Chemie, Sekr. C7, Straße des 17. Juni 135, D-10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gregor J. Lauter
- Theoretische Chemie/Quantenchemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Institut für Chemie, Sekr. C7, Straße des 17. Juni 135, D-10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthias Haasler
- Theoretische Chemie/Quantenchemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Institut für Chemie, Sekr. C7, Straße des 17. Juni 135, D-10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Kaupp
- Theoretische Chemie/Quantenchemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Institut für Chemie, Sekr. C7, Straße des 17. Juni 135, D-10623, Berlin, Germany
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26
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Tikhonov SA, Sidorin AE, Samoilov IS, Borisenko AV, Vovna VI. Photoelectron spectra and electronic structure of boron diacetate formazanates. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2020; 238:118441. [PMID: 32403076 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2020.118441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The electronic structure and cationic states of two 1,5-diphenylformazanes and two boron diacetate (B(OAc)2) formazanates were modeled using the outer valence Green's function (OVGF) and density functional theory (DFT) methods. Comparison of data of the OVGF and ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS) methods made it possible to determine an effect of functional groups and complexing agents on energies of cationic states. Addition of NO2-group at the γ-position of the chelate cycle causes stabilization of levels the five upper occupied molecular orbitals (MO) and destabilization of the bonding orbital π3Ph + π3 level. The levels of MOs π3Ph-π3 and n- are stabilized due to influence of the complexing agent B(OAc)2, with a difference in the shift of 0.67 eV. The ionization energies (In) changes for the π-orbitals of benzene rings are within the error of the OVGF method. Under methylation of phenyl groups, the differences between the calculated In, corresponding to the π-orbitals of aromatic substituents, are in good agreement with the experimental In shifts at transition from benzene to toluene. According to the OVGF method, in all the studied complexes the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) is localized mainly on the chelate cycle and has a strong acceptor character, which should contribute the low-lying charge-transfer electronic excitations. Moreover, an application of the DFT analog of the Koopmans' theorem with the BHHLYP and B2PLYP functionals made it possible to determine qualitatively a sequence of cationic states and energy intervals between them in the spectral range up to 10 eV. The DFT/wB97x/cc-pVTZ method data on the energy gap between the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and LUMO levels correlate with the OVGF/cc-pVTZ calculation results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey A Tikhonov
- Far Eastern Federal University, School of Natural Sciences, Vladivostok 690950, Russian Federation.
| | - Andrey E Sidorin
- Far Eastern Federal University, School of Natural Sciences, Vladivostok 690950, Russian Federation
| | - Ilya S Samoilov
- Saint Petersburg State University, Department of Photonics, St. Petersburg 199034, Russian Federation
| | - Aleksandr V Borisenko
- Vladivostok Branch of Russian Customs Academy, Vladivostok 690034, Russian Federation
| | - Vitaliy I Vovna
- Far Eastern Federal University, School of Natural Sciences, Vladivostok 690950, Russian Federation
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27
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Wagner JP. Difficulties of Popular Density Functionals to Describe the Conformational Isomerism in Iodoacetic Acid. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:5570-5579. [PMID: 32564603 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c03322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Matrix isolation studies in solid argon and neon at 4.2 K reveal that iodoacetic acid initially only exists as its ground state (c,x) conformer with an almost perpendicular I-C-C═O dihedral angle, but UV irradiation in the 240-255 nm range leads to population of the 0.8 kcal mol-1 less stable (c,c) isomer. The latter structure exhibits a close 3.23 Å contact of the iodine and carbonyl oxygen atoms decidedly below the sum of their van der Waals radii (3.50 Å). Increasing the matrix temperature by only a few Kelvin triggers the thermal back reaction of (c,c) to (c,x) and leads to an estimated upper limit of 0.38 kcal mol-1 for the associated torsional barrier. While wave function methods including completely uncorrelated Hartree-Fock theory have no problem to identify (c,c) as a proper minimum, many popular density functionals fail to describe the C-C torsional potential in cis-iodoacetic acid qualitatively correct. We assessed the performance of 12 density functionals of different levels of sophistication, namely, the BLYP, PBE, TPSS, B3LYP, BHandHLYP, PBE0, M06-2X, CAM-B3LYP, ωB97X-D3, B2-PLYP, B2GP-PLYP, and DSD-PBEP86 methods, against accurate extrapolated CCSD(T)/CBS(T-Q)//MP2/def2-TZVPP energies and found that almost all of them yield acceptable relative energies. Still, even some of the best performers fail to find a reasonably deep minimum in the region of the (c,c) conformer, and addition of the empirical D3-dispersion correction does not remedy the qualitative shortcoming. Instead, inclusion of a sufficient amount of (long-range) exact exchange and likely a proper treatment of medium-range correlation effects all along the torsional coordinate play an important role in the proper description of the sub-van der Waals iodine-oxygen contact. More modern, recommended functionals do not suffer from the described shortcoming.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Philipp Wagner
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, Tübingen 72076, Germany
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28
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Hoffmann R, Malrieu JP. Simulation vs. Understanding: A Tension, in Quantum Chemistry and Beyond. Part C. Toward Consilience. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:13694-13710. [PMID: 31675458 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201910285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
In the last part of our Essay, we outline a future of consilience, with a role both for fact-seekers, and for searchers for understanding. We begin by looking at theory and simulation, surrounded as they are by and interacting with experiment, especially in Chemistry. Experimenters ask questions both conceptual and numerical, and so draw the communities together. Two case studies show what brings the theoretician authors joy in this playground, and two more detailed ones make it clear that computation/simulation is anyway deeply intertwined with theory-building in what we do, or for that matter, anywhere in the profession. From a definition of science we try to foresee how simulation and theory will interact in the AI-dominated future. We posit that Chemistry's streak of creation provides in that conjoined future a link to Art, and a passage to a renewed vision of the sacred in science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roald Hoffmann
- Dept. of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14850, USA
| | - Jean-Paul Malrieu
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Physique Quantiques, Université de Toulouse 3, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062, Toulouse, France
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29
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Hoffmann R, Malrieu J. Simulation vs. Understanding: A Tension, in Quantum Chemistry and Beyond. Part C. Toward Consilience. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201910285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roald Hoffmann
- Dept. of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Cornell University Ithaca NY 14850 USA
| | - Jean‐Paul Malrieu
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Physique Quantiques Université de Toulouse 3 118 route de Narbonne 31062 Toulouse France
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30
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Wodyński A, Kaupp M. Noncollinear Relativistic Two-Component X2C Calculations of Hyperfine Couplings Using Local Hybrid Functionals. Importance of the High-Density Coordinate Scaling Limit. J Chem Theory Comput 2019; 16:314-325. [PMID: 31834796 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.9b00911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Local hybrid functionals with position-dependent exact-exchange admixture have been implemented in the noncollinear spin form into a two-component X2C code and are evaluated for the hyperfine coupling tensors of a series of 3d, 4d, and 5d transition-metal complexes. One aim is to see if the potential of local hybrid functionals toward an improved balance between core-shell and valence-shell spin polarization, recently identified in nonrelativistic computations on 3d complexes (Schattenberg, C.; Maier, T. M.; Kaupp, M. J. Chem. Theory Comput. 2018, 14, 5653-5672), can be extended to the hyperfine couplings of heavier metal centers. The correctness of the two-component implementation is first established by comparison to previous computations for 3d systems with or without notable spin-orbit contributions to their hyperfine tensors, and the good performance of a standard "t-LMF" local mixing function is confirmed. However, when moving to 4d and 5d metal centers, the performance of such local mixing functions deteriorates. This is likely due to their violation of the homogeneous coordinate scaling condition in the high-density limit, which is particularly important for the core shells of heavier atoms. A local mixing function that respects this high-density limit performs notably better for heavier metal centers. However, it brings in much too high exact-exchange admixtures for the 3d systems and is too inflexible to simultaneously provide reasonable chemical accuracy in other areas. These results point to the ongoing need to develop improved local mixing functions and local hybrid functionals that exhibit favorable properties in different areas of space defined by very high and much lower electron densities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artur Wodyński
- Technische Universität Berlin , Institute of Chemistry, Theoretical Chemistry/Quantum Chemistry , Secr. C7, Strasse des 17 Juni 135 , D-10623 Berlin , Germany
| | - Martin Kaupp
- Technische Universität Berlin , Institute of Chemistry, Theoretical Chemistry/Quantum Chemistry , Secr. C7, Strasse des 17 Juni 135 , D-10623 Berlin , Germany
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31
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Witwicki M, Walencik PK, Jezierska J. How accurate is density functional theory in predicting spin density? An insight from the prediction of hyperfine coupling constants. J Mol Model 2019; 26:10. [PMID: 31834497 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-019-4268-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy has been proven to be an important technique for studying paramagnetic systems. Probably, the most accessible EPR parameter and the one that provides a significant amount of information about molecular structure and spin density is the hyperfine coupling constant (HFCC). Hence, accurate quantum-chemical modeling of HFCCs is frequently essential to the adequate interpretation of EPR spectra. It requires the precise spin density, which is the difference between the densities of α- and β-electrons, and thus, its quality is expected to reflect the quality of the total electron density. The question of which approximate exchange-correlation density functional yields sufficiently accurate HFCCs, and thus, the spin density remains open. To assess the performance of well-established density functionals for calculating HFCCs, we used a series of 26 small paramagnetic species and compared the obtained results to the CCSD reference values. The performance of DFT was also tested on EPR-studied o-semiquinone radical interacting with water molecules and Mg2+ cation. The HFCCs were additionally calculated by the DLPNO-CCSD method, and this wave function-based technique was found superior to all functionals we tested. Although some functionals were found, on average, to be fairly efficient, we found that the most accurate functional is system-dependent, and therefore, the DLPNO-CCSD method should be preferred for theoretical investigations of the HFCCs and spin density.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Witwicki
- Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University, ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383, Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Paulina K Walencik
- Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University, ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Julia Jezierska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University, ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383, Wrocław, Poland
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32
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Liu F, Kulik HJ. Impact of Approximate DFT Density Delocalization Error on Potential Energy Surfaces in Transition Metal Chemistry. J Chem Theory Comput 2019; 16:264-277. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.9b00842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fang Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Heather J. Kulik
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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33
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Laplaza R, Polo V, Contreras-García J. Localizing electron density errors in density functional theory. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:20927-20938. [PMID: 31517339 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp02806d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The accuracy of different density functional approximations is assessed through the use of quantum chemical topology on molecular electron densities. In particular, three simple yet ever-important systems are studied: N2, CO and ethane. Our results exemplify how real-space descriptors can help understand the sources of errors in density functional theory, avoiding unwanted error compensation present in simplified statistical metrics. Errors in "well-built" functionals are shown to be concentrated in chemically meaningful regions of space, and hence they are predictable. Conversely, strongly parametrized functionals show isotropic errors that cannot be traced back to chemically transferable units. Moreover, we will show that energetic corrections are mapped back into improvements in the density in chemically meaningful regions. These results point at the relevance of real-space perspectives when parametrizing or relating energy and density errors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubén Laplaza
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie Thèorique, LCT, F. 75005 Paris, France and Departamento de Química Física and Instituto de Biocomputación y Física de Sistemas Complejos (BIFI), Universidad de Zaragoza, E. 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Victor Polo
- Departamento de Química Física and Instituto de Biocomputación y Física de Sistemas Complejos (BIFI), Universidad de Zaragoza, E. 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Julia Contreras-García
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie Thèorique, LCT, F. 75005 Paris, France.
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34
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Per MC, Fletcher EK, Cleland DM. Density functional orbitals in quantum Monte Carlo: The importance of accurate densities. J Chem Phys 2019; 150:184101. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5095158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Manolo C. Per
- CSIRO Data61, Door 34 Goods Shed, Village Street, Docklands VIC 3008, Australia
| | - Emily K. Fletcher
- CSIRO Data61, Door 34 Goods Shed, Village Street, Docklands VIC 3008, Australia
| | - Deidre M. Cleland
- CSIRO Data61, Door 34 Goods Shed, Village Street, Docklands VIC 3008, Australia
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35
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Bajaj A, Liu F, Kulik HJ. Non-empirical, low-cost recovery of exact conditions with model-Hamiltonian inspired expressions in jmDFT. J Chem Phys 2019; 150:154115. [PMID: 31005112 DOI: 10.1063/1.5091563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Density functional theory (DFT) is widely applied to both molecules and materials, but well known energetic delocalization and static correlation errors in practical exchange-correlation approximations limit quantitative accuracy. Common methods that correct energetic delocalization errors, such as the Hubbard U correction in DFT+U or Hartree-Fock exchange in global hybrids, do so at the cost of worsening static correlation errors. We recently introduced an alternate approach [Bajaj et al., J. Chem. Phys. 147, 191101 (2017)] known as judiciously modified DFT (jmDFT), wherein the deviation from exact behavior of semilocal functionals over both fractional spin and charge, i.e., the so-called flat plane, was used to motivate functional forms of second order analytic corrections. In this work, we introduce fully nonempirical expressions for all four coefficients in a DFT+U+J-inspired form of jmDFT, where all coefficients are obtained only from energies and eigenvalues of the integer-electron systems. We show good agreement for U and J coefficients obtained nonempirically as compared with the results of numerical fitting in a jmDFT U+J/J' correction. Incorporating the fully nonempirical jmDFT correction reduces and even eliminates the fractional spin error at the same time as eliminating the energetic delocalization error. We show that this approach extends beyond s-electron systems to higher angular momentum cases including p- and d-electrons. Finally, we diagnose some shortcomings of the current jmDFT approach that limit its ability to improve upon DFT results for cases such as weakly bound anions due to poor underlying semilocal functional behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akash Bajaj
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Fang Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Heather J Kulik
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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36
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Vogiatzis KD, Polynski MV, Kirkland JK, Townsend J, Hashemi A, Liu C, Pidko EA. Computational Approach to Molecular Catalysis by 3d Transition Metals: Challenges and Opportunities. Chem Rev 2019; 119:2453-2523. [PMID: 30376310 PMCID: PMC6396130 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 222] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Computational chemistry provides a versatile toolbox for studying mechanistic details of catalytic reactions and holds promise to deliver practical strategies to enable the rational in silico catalyst design. The versatile reactivity and nontrivial electronic structure effects, common for systems based on 3d transition metals, introduce additional complexity that may represent a particular challenge to the standard computational strategies. In this review, we discuss the challenges and capabilities of modern electronic structure methods for studying the reaction mechanisms promoted by 3d transition metal molecular catalysts. Particular focus will be placed on the ways of addressing the multiconfigurational problem in electronic structure calculations and the role of expert bias in the practical utilization of the available methods. The development of density functionals designed to address transition metals is also discussed. Special emphasis is placed on the methods that account for solvation effects and the multicomponent nature of practical catalytic systems. This is followed by an overview of recent computational studies addressing the mechanistic complexity of catalytic processes by molecular catalysts based on 3d metals. Cases that involve noninnocent ligands, multicomponent reaction systems, metal-ligand and metal-metal cooperativity, as well as modeling complex catalytic systems such as metal-organic frameworks are presented. Conventionally, computational studies on catalytic mechanisms are heavily dependent on the chemical intuition and expert input of the researcher. Recent developments in advanced automated methods for reaction path analysis hold promise for eliminating such human-bias from computational catalysis studies. A brief overview of these approaches is presented in the final section of the review. The paper is closed with general concluding remarks.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Justin K. Kirkland
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Jacob Townsend
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Ali Hashemi
- Inorganic
Systems Engineering group, Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Chong Liu
- Inorganic
Systems Engineering group, Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Evgeny A. Pidko
- TheoMAT
group, ITMO University, Lomonosova 9, St. Petersburg 191002, Russia
- Inorganic
Systems Engineering group, Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
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37
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Nikolaienko TY. The maximum occupancy condition for the localized property-optimized orbitals. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:5285-5294. [PMID: 30778429 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp07276k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
It is shown analytically that the Chemist's Localized Property-optimized Orbitals (CLPOs), which are the localized orbitals obtainable from the results of ab initio calculations by the open-source program JANPA (http://janpa.sourceforge.net/) according to the recently proposed optimal property partitioning condition, form the Lewis structure with nearly maximum possible total electron occupancy. The conditions required for this additional optimality to hold are discussed. In particular, when a single-determinant wavefunction is used to describe the molecular system without a noticeable electron delocalization, CLPOs derived from this wavefunction approximately optimize the same target quantity as the Natural Bond Orbitals (NBOs), establishing in this way the link between the two sets of localized orbitals. The performance of CLPO and NBO methods is compared by using a dataset containing 7101 small molecules, and the relevant methodological features of both methods are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tymofii Yu Nikolaienko
- Faculty of Physics of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, 64/13 Volodymyrska Str., Kyiv 01601, Ukraine.
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38
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Fabiano E, Śmiga S, Giarrusso S, Daas KJ, Della Sala F, Grabowski I, Gori-Giorgi P. Investigation of the Exchange-Correlation Potentials of Functionals Based on the Adiabatic Connection Interpolation. J Chem Theory Comput 2019; 15:1006-1015. [PMID: 30620596 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.8b01037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We have studied the correlation potentials produced by various adiabatic connection models (ACMs) for several atoms and molecules. The results have been compared to accurate reference potentials (coupled cluster and quantum Monte Carlo results) as well as to state-of-the-art ab initio DFT approaches. We have found that all the ACMs yield correlation potentials that exhibit a correct behavior, quite resembling scaled second-order Görling-Levy (GL2) potentials and including most of the physically meaningful features of the accurate reference data. The behavior and contribution of the strong-interaction limit potentials have also been investigated and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Fabiano
- Institute for Microelectronics and Microsystems (CNR-IMM), Via Monteroni , Campus Unisalento, 73100 Lecce , Italy
- Center for Biomolecular Nanotechnologies @UNILE , Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia , Via Barsanti , I-73010 Arnesano , Italy
| | - Szymon Śmiga
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics , Nicolaus Copernicus University , Grudziadzka 5 , 87-100 Torun , Poland
| | - Sara Giarrusso
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry and Amsterdam Center for Multiscale Modeling, Faculty of Science , Vrije Universiteit , De Boelelaan 1083 , 1081HV Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Kimberly J Daas
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry and Amsterdam Center for Multiscale Modeling, Faculty of Science , Vrije Universiteit , De Boelelaan 1083 , 1081HV Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Fabio Della Sala
- Institute for Microelectronics and Microsystems (CNR-IMM), Via Monteroni , Campus Unisalento, 73100 Lecce , Italy
- Center for Biomolecular Nanotechnologies @UNILE , Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia , Via Barsanti , I-73010 Arnesano , Italy
| | - Ireneusz Grabowski
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics , Nicolaus Copernicus University , Grudziadzka 5 , 87-100 Torun , Poland
| | - Paola Gori-Giorgi
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry and Amsterdam Center for Multiscale Modeling, Faculty of Science , Vrije Universiteit , De Boelelaan 1083 , 1081HV Amsterdam , The Netherlands
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39
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Iype E, Urolagin S. Machine learning model for non-equilibrium structures and energies of simple molecules. J Chem Phys 2019; 150:024307. [PMID: 30646726 DOI: 10.1063/1.5054968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Predicting molecular properties using a Machine Learning (ML) method is gaining interest among research as it offers quantum chemical accuracy at molecular mechanics speed. This prediction is performed by training an ML model using a set of reference data [mostly Density Functional Theory (DFT)] and then using it to predict properties. In this work, kernel based ML models are trained (using Bag of Bonds as well as many body tensor representation) against datasets containing non-equilibrium structures of six molecules (water, methane, ethane, propane, butane, and pentane) to predict their atomization energies and to perform a Metropolis Monte Carlo (MMC) run with simulated annealing to optimize molecular structures. The optimized structures and energies of the molecules are found to be comparable with DFT optimized structures, energies, and forces. Thus, this method offers the possibility to use a trained ML model to perform a classical simulation such as MMC without using any force field, thereby improving the accuracy of the simulation at low computational cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Iype
- Department of Chemical Engineering, BITS Pilani Dubai Campus, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - S Urolagin
- Department of Computer Science, BITS Pilani Dubai Campus, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
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40
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Lin Z, Van Voorhis T. Triplet Tuning: A Novel Family of Non-Empirical Exchange–Correlation Functionals. J Chem Theory Comput 2019; 15:1226-1241. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.8b00853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Troy Van Voorhis
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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41
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Mostafanejad M, Haney J, DePrince AE. Kinetic-energy-based error quantification in Kohn–Sham density functional theory. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:26492-26501. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cp04595c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We present a basis-independent metric to assess the quality of the electron density obtained from Kohn–Sham (KS) density functional theory (DFT).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jessica Haney
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Florida State University
- Tallahassee
- USA
| | - A. Eugene DePrince
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Florida State University
- Tallahassee
- USA
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42
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Abstract
We argue that any general mathematical measure of density error, no matter how reasonable, is too arbitrary to be of universal use. However, the energy functional itself provides a universal relevant measure of density errors. For the self-consistent density of any Kohn-Sham calculation with an approximate functional, the theory of density-corrected density functional theory (DC-DFT) provides an accurate, practical estimate of this ideal measure. We show how to estimate the significance of the density-driven error even when exact densities are unavailable. In cases with large density errors, the amount of exchange-mixing is often adjusted, but we show that this is unnecessary. Many chemically relevant examples are given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunji Sim
- Department of Chemistry , Yonsei University , 50 Yonsei-ro Seodaemun-gu , Seoul 03722 , Korea
| | - Suhwan Song
- Department of Chemistry , Yonsei University , 50 Yonsei-ro Seodaemun-gu , Seoul 03722 , Korea
| | - Kieron Burke
- Departments of Chemistry and of Physics , University of California , Irvine , California 92697 , United States
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43
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Schattenberg CJ, Maier TM, Kaupp M. Lessons from the Spin-Polarization/Spin-Contamination Dilemma of Transition-Metal Hyperfine Couplings for the Construction of Exchange-Correlation Functionals. J Chem Theory Comput 2018; 14:5653-5672. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.8b00597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Caspar J. Schattenberg
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Theoretische Chemie/Quantenchemie, Sekr. C7, Straße des 17. Juni 135, D-10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Toni M. Maier
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - Martin Kaupp
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Theoretische Chemie/Quantenchemie, Sekr. C7, Straße des 17. Juni 135, D-10623 Berlin, Germany
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44
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Ospadov E, Rothstein SM, Baer R. Quantum Monte Carlo assessment of density functionals for π-electron molecules: ethylene and bifuran. Mol Phys 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2018.1517905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Egor Ospadov
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | | | - Roi Baer
- Fritz Haber Center for Molecular Dynamics and Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
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45
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Becke AD, Dale SG, Johnson ER. Communication: Correct charge transfer in CT complexes from the Becke’05 density functional. J Chem Phys 2018; 148:211101. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5039742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Axel D. Becke
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, 6274 Coburg Road, P.O. Box 15000, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Stephen G. Dale
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, 6274 Coburg Road, P.O. Box 15000, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Erin R. Johnson
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, 6274 Coburg Road, P.O. Box 15000, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
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46
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Hait D, Head-Gordon M. Communication: xDH double hybrid functionals can be qualitatively incorrect for non-equilibrium geometries: Dipole moment inversion and barriers to radical-radical association using XYG3 and XYGJ-OS. J Chem Phys 2018; 148:171102. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5031027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Diptarka Hait
- Kenneth S. Pitzer Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Martin Head-Gordon
- Kenneth S. Pitzer Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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Interplay between test sets and statistical procedures in ranking DFT methods: The case of electron density studies. MENDELEEV COMMUNICATIONS 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mencom.2018.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Hait D, Head-Gordon M. How Accurate Is Density Functional Theory at Predicting Dipole Moments? An Assessment Using a New Database of 200 Benchmark Values. J Chem Theory Comput 2018; 14:1969-1981. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.7b01252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Diptarka Hait
- Kenneth S. Pitzer Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Martin Head-Gordon
- Kenneth S. Pitzer Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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49
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Su NQ, Zhu Z, Xu X. Doubly hybrid density functionals that correctly describe both density and energy for atoms. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:2287-2292. [PMID: 29444857 PMCID: PMC5878006 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1713047115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, it was argued [Medvedev MG, et al. (2017) Science 355:49-52] that the development of density functional approximations (DFAs) is "straying from the path toward the exact functional." The exact functional should yield both exact energy and density for a system of interest; nevertheless, they found that many heavily fitted functionals for molecular energies actually lead to poor electron densities of atoms. They also observed a trend that, for the nonempirical and few-parameter functionals, densities can be improved as one climbs up the first four rungs of the Jacob's ladder of DFAs. The XYG3 type of doubly hybrid functionals (xDHs) represents a less-empirical and fewer-parameter functional on the top fifth rung, in which both the Hartree-Fock-like exchange and the second-order perturbative (MP2-like) correlation are hybridized with the low rung functionals. Here, we show that xDHs can well describe both density and energy for the same atomic set of Medvedev et al., showing that the latter trend can well be extended to the top fifth rung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil Qiang Su
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Computational Physical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Zhenyu Zhu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Computational Physical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Xin Xu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Computational Physical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
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50
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Zhao Q, Kulik HJ. Where Does the Density Localize in the Solid State? Divergent Behavior for Hybrids and DFT+U. J Chem Theory Comput 2018; 14:670-683. [PMID: 29298057 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.7b01061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Approximate density functional theory (DFT) is widely used in chemistry and physics, despite delocalization errors that affect energetic and density properties. DFT+U (i.e., semilocal DFT augmented with a Hubbard U correction) and global hybrid functionals are two commonly employed practical methods to address delocalization error. Recent work demonstrated that in transition-metal complexes both methods localize density away from the metal and onto surrounding ligands, regardless of metal or ligand identity. In this work, we compare density localization trends with DFT+U and global hybrids on a diverse set of 34 transition-metal-containing solids with varying magnetic state, electron configuration and valence shell, and coordinating-atom orbital diffuseness (i.e., O, S, Se). We also study open-framework solids in which the metal is coordinated by molecular ligands, i.e., MCO3, M(OH)2, M(NCNH)2, K3M(CN)6 (M = V-Ni). As in transition-metal complexes, incorporation of Hartree-Fock exchange consistently localizes density away from the metal, but DFT+U exhibits diverging behavior, localizing density (i) onto the metal in low-spin and late transition metals and (ii) away from the metal in other cases in agreement with hybrids. To isolate the effect of the crystal environment, we extract molecular analogues from open-framework transition-metal solids and observe consistent localization of the density away from the metal in all cases with both DFT+U and hybrid exchange. These observations highlight the limited applicability of trends established for functional tuning on transition-metal complexes even to equivalent coordination environments in the solid state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Zhao
- Department of Chemical Engineering and ‡Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Heather J Kulik
- Department of Chemical Engineering and ‡Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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