1
|
Kawai G, Nagai Y, Tsuji K, Okayasu Y, Abe J, Kobayashi Y. A Nonlinear Photochromic Reaction Based on Sensitizer-Free Triplet-Triplet Annihilation in a Perylene-Substituted Rhodamine Spirolactam. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202404140. [PMID: 38596881 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202404140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Nonlinear photochromic reactions that work with weak incoherent light are important for molecular operations with high spatial resolution and multiple photofunctions based on single molecules. However, nonlinear photochromic compounds generally require complex molecular design, restricting accessibility in various fields. Herein, we report nonlinear photochromic properties in a perylene-substituted rhodamine spirolactam derivative (Rh-Pe), which is synthesized from rhodamine B in facile procedures. Direct excitation of Rh-Pe produces the triplet excited state via the charge-transfer (CT) state. The triplet excited state causes triplet-triplet annihilation to bring the generation of the intensely colored ring-open form with nonlinear behavior. Furthermore, green- and red-light-induced photochromism was achieved in Rh-Pe using triplet sensitizers, although Rh-Pe can be directly excited only by ultraviolet and blue light. Our findings are expected to contribute to the development of photofunctional materials showing nonlinear behavior and low-energy light responsivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Genki Kawai
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, 525-8577, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Yuki Nagai
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, 525-8577, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Kanna Tsuji
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, 525-8577, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Okayasu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, 525-8577, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Jiro Abe
- Department of Chemistry and Biological Science, College of Science and Engineering, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, 252-5258, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yoichi Kobayashi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, 525-8577, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sotome H, Nagasaka T, Konishi T, Kamada K, Morimoto M, Irie M, Miyasaka H. Near-infrared two-photon absorption and excited state dynamics of a fluorescent diarylethene derivative. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2024; 23:1041-1050. [PMID: 38714585 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-024-00573-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/10/2024]
Abstract
Near-infrared two-photon absorption and excited state dynamics of a fluorescent diarylethene (fDAE) derivative were investigated by time-resolved absorption and fluorescence spectroscopies. Prescreening with quantum chemical calculation predicted that a derivative with methylthienyl groups (mt-fDAE) in the closed-ring isomer has a two-photon absorption cross-section larger than 1000 GM, which was experimentally verified by Z-scan measurements and excitation power dependence in transient absorption. Comparison of transient absorption spectra under one-photon and simultaneous two-photon excitation conditions revealed that the closed-ring isomer of mt-fDAE populated into higher excited states deactivates following three pathways on a timescale of ca. 200 fs: (i) the cycloreversion reaction more efficient than that by the one-photon process, (ii) internal conversion into the S1 state, and (iii) relaxation into a lower state (S1' state) different from the S1 state. Time-resolved fluorescence measurements demonstrated that this S1' state is relaxed to the S1 state with the large emission probability. These findings obtained in the present work contribute to extension of the ON-OFF switching capability of fDAE to the biological window and application to super-resolution fluorescence imaging in a two-photon manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hikaru Sotome
- Division of Frontier Materials Science and Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-8531, Japan.
| | - Tatsuhiro Nagasaka
- Division of Frontier Materials Science and Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-8531, Japan
| | - Tatsuki Konishi
- Nanomaterials Research Institute (NMRI), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Ikeda, Osaka, 563-5877, Japan
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, Sanda, Hyogo, 669-1330, Japan
| | - Kenji Kamada
- Nanomaterials Research Institute (NMRI), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Ikeda, Osaka, 563-5877, Japan
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, Sanda, Hyogo, 669-1330, Japan
| | - Masakazu Morimoto
- Department of Chemistry and Research Center for Smart Molecules, Rikkyo University, 3-34-1 Nishi-Ikebukuro, Toshima-Ku, Tokyo, 171-8501, Japan
| | - Masahiro Irie
- Department of Chemistry and Research Center for Smart Molecules, Rikkyo University, 3-34-1 Nishi-Ikebukuro, Toshima-Ku, Tokyo, 171-8501, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Miyasaka
- Division of Frontier Materials Science and Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-8531, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Burns KH, Quincy TJ, Elles CG. Excited-state resonance Raman spectroscopy probes the sequential two-photon excitation mechanism of a photochromic molecular switch. J Chem Phys 2022; 157:234302. [PMID: 36550048 DOI: 10.1063/5.0126974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Some diarylethene molecular switches have a low quantum yield for cycloreversion when excited by a single photon, but react more efficiently following sequential two-photon excitation. The increase in reaction efficiency depends on both the relative time delay and the wavelength of the second photon. This paper examines the wavelength-dependent mechanism for sequential excitation using excited-state resonance Raman spectroscopy to probe the ultrafast (sub-30 fs) dynamics on the upper electronic state following secondary excitation. The approach uses femtosecond stimulated Raman scattering (FSRS) to measure the time-gated, excited-state resonance Raman spectrum in resonance with two different excited-state absorption bands. The relative intensities of the Raman bands reveal the initial dynamics in the higher-lying states, Sn, by providing information on the relative gradients of the potential energy surfaces that are accessed via secondary excitation. The excited-state resonance Raman spectra reveal specific modes that become enhanced depending on the Raman excitation wavelength, 750 or 400 nm. Many of the modes that become enhanced in the 750 nm FSRS spectrum are assigned as vibrational motions localized on the central cyclohexadiene ring. Many of the modes that become enhanced in the 400 nm FSRS spectrum are assigned as motions along the conjugated backbone and peripheral phenyl rings. These observations are consistent with earlier measurements that showed higher efficiency following secondary excitation into the lower excited-state absorption band and illustrate a powerful new way to probe the ultrafast dynamics of higher-lying excited states immediately following sequential two-photon excitation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristen H Burns
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, USA
| | - Timothy J Quincy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Barale M, Escadeillas M, Taupier G, Molard Y, Orione C, Caytan E, Métivier R, Boixel J. Nondestructive All-Optical Readout through Photoswitching of Intramolecular Excimer Emission. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:10936-10942. [PMID: 36399359 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c02960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
We report the first intramolecular excimer photoswitching induced by molecular motion within a dithienylethene (DTE) molecule without destructive readout. The photochromic compound DTE bears two pyrene chromophores, judiciously positioned to face each other in the DTE's open form. The close proximity of the pyrenes in the open form is confirmed by NMR experiments and geometry optimization. Intense pyrene excimer luminescence is recorded, upon both one- and two-photon excitation (OPE and TPE). The photocyclization reaction of the DTE core induces a molecular motion of one pyrene moiety which thus prevents the possibility of formation of an excimer. Our DTE-based pyrene is stable upon TPE irradiation and shows a high photocyclization quantum yield. Such property specifications allow us to report the original nondestructive readout fluorescence by alternating exposure to OPE and TPE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marie Barale
- Université de Rennes, CNRS, ISCR - UMR 6226, ScanMAT - UAR 2025, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Muriel Escadeillas
- Université de Rennes, CNRS, ISCR - UMR 6226, ScanMAT - UAR 2025, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Gregory Taupier
- Université de Rennes, CNRS, ISCR - UMR 6226, ScanMAT - UAR 2025, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Yann Molard
- Université de Rennes, CNRS, ISCR - UMR 6226, ScanMAT - UAR 2025, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Clément Orione
- Université de Rennes, CNRS, ISCR - UMR 6226, ScanMAT - UAR 2025, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Elsa Caytan
- Université de Rennes, CNRS, ISCR - UMR 6226, ScanMAT - UAR 2025, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Rémi Métivier
- Université Paris-Saclay, ENS Paris-Saclay, CNRS, PPSMUMR 8531, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Julien Boixel
- Université de Rennes, CNRS, ISCR - UMR 6226, ScanMAT - UAR 2025, F-35000 Rennes, France
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Cheng HB, Zhang S, Bai E, Cao X, Wang J, Qi J, Liu J, Zhao J, Zhang L, Yoon J. Future-Oriented Advanced Diarylethene Photoswitches: From Molecular Design to Spontaneous Assembly Systems. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2108289. [PMID: 34866257 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202108289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Diarylethene (DAE) photoswitch is a new and promising family of photochromic molecules and has shown superior performance as a smart trigger in stimulus-responsive materials. During the past few decades, the DAE family has achieved a leap from simple molecules to functional molecules and developed toward validity as a universal switching building block. In recent years, the introduction of DAE into an assembly system has been an attractive strategy that enables the photochromic behavior of the building blocks to be manifested at the level of the entire system, beyond the DAE unit itself. This assembly-based strategy will bring many unexpected results that promote the design and manufacture of a new generation of advanced materials. Here, recent advances in the design and fabrication of diarylethene as a trigger in materials science, chemistry, and biomedicine are reviewed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Bo Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 15 North Third Ring Road, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Shuchun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 15 North Third Ring Road, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Enying Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 15 North Third Ring Road, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoqiao Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 15 North Third Ring Road, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Jiaqi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 15 North Third Ring Road, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Ji Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 15 North Third Ring Road, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Jun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 15 North Third Ring Road, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Jing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 15 North Third Ring Road, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Liqun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 15 North Third Ring Road, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Juyoung Yoon
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Jung HY, Kim B, Jeon MH, Kim Y. Reversible Near-Infrared Fluorescence Photoswitching in Aqueous Media by Diarylethene: Toward High-Accuracy Live Optical Imaging. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2103523. [PMID: 35023602 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202103523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescence imaging is an indispensable tool in modern biological research, allowing simple and inexpensive color-coded visualizations of real-time events in living cells and animals, as well as of fixed states of ex vivo specimens. The accuracy of fluorescence imaging in living systems is, however, impeded by autofluorescence, light scattering, and limited penetration depth of light. Nevertheless, the clinical use of fluorescence imaging is expected to grow along with advances in imaging equipment, and will increasingly demand high-accuracy probes to avoid false-positive results in disease detection. To this end, a water-soluble and relatively safe diarylethene (DAE)-based reversible near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence photoswitch for living systems is prepared here. Furthermore, to facilitate excellent switching performance, the photoirradiation results obtained is compared using three different visible light sources to turn on NIR fluorescence through cycloreversion of DAE. While photoswitching using 589 nm light leads to slightly higher cell viability, fluorescence quenching efficiency and fatigue resistance are higher when 532 nm light with low photobleaching is used in both aqueous solution and living systems. The authors anticipate that their reversible NIR fluorescence photoswitch mediated by DAE can be beneficial for fluorescence imaging in aqueous media requiring accurate detection, such as in the autofluorescence-rich living environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Youn Jung
- Division of Biomedical Research, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, 34141, Korea
| | - Boram Kim
- Division of Biomedical Research, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, 34141, Korea
| | - Min Ho Jeon
- Division of Biomedical Research, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, 34141, Korea
| | - Yoonkyung Kim
- Division of Biomedical Research, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, 34141, Korea
- Bioscience Major, KRIBB School, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34113, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Brady RP, Zhang C, DeFrancisco JR, Barrett BJ, Cheng L, Bragg AE. Multiphoton Control of 6π Photocyclization via State-Dependent Reactant-Product Correlations. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:9493-9500. [PMID: 34559534 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c02353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Multiphoton excitation promises opportunities for opening new photochemical reaction pathways and controlling photoproduct distributions. We demonstrate photonic control of the 6π photocyclization of ortho-terphenyl to make 4a,4b-dihydrotriphenylene (DHT). Using pump-repump-probe spectroscopy we show that 1 + 1' excitation to a high-lying reactant electronic state generates a metastable species characterized by a red absorption feature that accompanies a repump-induced depletion in the one-photon trans-dihydro product (trans-DHT); signatures of the new photoproduct are clearer for a structural analogue of the reactant that is sterically inhibited against one-photon cyclization. Quantum-chemical computations support assignment of this species to cis-DHT, which is accessible photochemically along a disrotatory coordinate from high-lying electronic states reached by 1 + 1' excitation. We use time-resolved spectroscopy to track photochemical dynamics producing cis-DHT. In total, we demonstrate that selective multiphoton excitation opens a new photoreaction channel in these photocyclizing reactants by taking advantage of state-dependent correlations between reactant and product electronic states.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan P Brady
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Chaoqun Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Justin R DeFrancisco
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Brandon J Barrett
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Lan Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Arthur E Bragg
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Jankowska J, Martyka M, Michalski M. Photo-cycloreversion mechanism in diarylethenes revisited: A multireference quantum-chemical study at the ODM2/MRCI level. J Chem Phys 2021; 154:204305. [PMID: 34241185 DOI: 10.1063/5.0045830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Photoswitchable diarylethenes (DAEs), over years of intense fundamental and applied research, have been established among the most commonly chosen molecular photoswitches, often employed as controlling units in molecular devices and smart materials. At the same time, providing reliable explanation for their photophysical behavior, especially the mechanism of the photo-cycloreversion transformation, turned out to be a highly challenging task. Herein, we investigate this mechanism in detail by means of multireference semi-empirical quantum chemistry calculations, allowing, for the first time, for a balanced treatment of the static and dynamic correlation effects, both playing a crucial role in DAE photochemistry. In the course of our study, we find the second singlet excited state of double electronic-excitation character to be the key to understanding the nature of the photo-cycloreversion transformation in DAE molecular photoswitches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Jankowska
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Warsaw 02-093, Poland
| | - M Martyka
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Warsaw 02-093, Poland
| | - M Michalski
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Warsaw 02-093, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
"On-The-Fly" Non-Adiabatic Dynamics Simulations on Photoinduced Ring-Closing Reaction of a Nucleoside-Based Diarylethene Photoswitch. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26092724. [PMID: 34066431 PMCID: PMC8125013 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26092724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Nucleoside-based diarylethenes are emerging as an especial class of photochromic compounds that have potential applications in regulating biological systems using noninvasive light with high spatio-temporal resolution. However, relevant microscopic photochromic mechanisms at atomic level of these novel diarylethenes remain to be explored. Herein, we have employed static electronic structure calculations (MS-CASPT2//M06-2X, MS-CASPT2//SA-CASSCF) in combination with non-adiabatic dynamics simulations to explore the related photoinduced ring-closing reaction of a typical nucleoside-based diarylethene photoswitch, namely, PS-IV. Upon excitation with UV light, the open form PS-IV can be excited to a spectroscopically bright S1 state. After that, the molecule relaxes to the conical intersection region within 150 fs according to the barrierless relaxed scan of the C1–C6 bond, which is followed by an immediate deactivation to the ground state. The conical intersection structure is very similar to the ground state transition state structure which connects the open and closed forms of PS-IV, and therefore plays a crucial role in the photochromism of PS-IV. Besides, after analyzing the hopping structures, we conclude that the ring closing reaction cannot complete in the S1 state alone since all the C1–C6 distances of the hopping structures are larger than 2.00 Å. Once hopping to the ground state, the molecules either return to the original open form of PS-IV or produce the closed form of PS-IV within 100 fs, and the ring closing quantum yield is estimated to be 56%. Our present work not only elucidates the ultrafast photoinduced pericyclic reaction of the nucleoside-based diarylethene PS-IV, but can also be helpful for the future design of novel nucleoside-based diarylethenes with better performance.
Collapse
|
10
|
Sugihara Y, Inai N, Taki M, Baumgartner T, Kawakami R, Saitou T, Imamura T, Yanai T, Yamaguchi S. Donor-acceptor-acceptor-type near-infrared fluorophores that contain dithienophosphole oxide and boryl groups: effect of the boryl group on the nonradiative decay. Chem Sci 2021; 12:6333-6341. [PMID: 34084431 PMCID: PMC8115064 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc00827g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of donor-π-acceptor (D-π-A) skeletons is an effective strategy for the design of fluorophores with red-shifted emission. In particular, the use of amino and boryl moieties as the electron-donating and -accepting groups, respectively, can produce dyes that exhibit high fluorescence and solvatochromism. Herein, we introduce a dithienophosphole P-oxide scaffold as an acceptor-spacer to produce a boryl- and amino-substituted donor-acceptor-acceptor (D-A-A) π-system. The thus obtained fluorophores exhibit emission in the near-infrared (NIR) region, while maintaining high fluorescence quantum yields even in polar solvents (e.g. λ em = 704 nm and Φ F = 0.69 in CH3CN). A comparison of these compounds with their formyl- or cyano-substituted counterparts demonstrated the importance of the boryl group for generating intense emission. The differences among these electron-accepting substituents were examined in detail using theoretical calculations, which revealed the crucial role of the boryl group in lowering the nonradiative decay rate constant by decreasing the non-adiabatic coupling in the internal conversion process. The D-A-A framework was further fine-tuned to improve the photostability. One of these D-A-A dyes was successfully used in bioimaging to visualize the blood vessels of Japanese medaka larvae and mouse brain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiaki Sugihara
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Integrated Research Consortium on Chemical Sciences (IRCCS), Nagoya University Furo, Chikusa Nagoya 464-8602 Japan
| | - Naoto Inai
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Integrated Research Consortium on Chemical Sciences (IRCCS), Nagoya University Furo, Chikusa Nagoya 464-8602 Japan
| | - Masayasu Taki
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University Furo, Chikusa Nagoya 464-8602 Japan
| | - Thomas Baumgartner
- Department of Chemistry, York University 4700 Keele St. Toronto ON M3J 1P3 Canada
| | - Ryosuke Kawakami
- Department of Molecular Medicine for Pathogenesis, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University Shitsukawa Toon City Ehime 791-0295 Japan
| | - Takashi Saitou
- Department of Molecular Medicine for Pathogenesis, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University Shitsukawa Toon City Ehime 791-0295 Japan
| | - Takeshi Imamura
- Department of Molecular Medicine for Pathogenesis, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University Shitsukawa Toon City Ehime 791-0295 Japan
| | - Takeshi Yanai
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Integrated Research Consortium on Chemical Sciences (IRCCS), Nagoya University Furo, Chikusa Nagoya 464-8602 Japan .,Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University Furo, Chikusa Nagoya 464-8602 Japan
| | - Shigehiro Yamaguchi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Integrated Research Consortium on Chemical Sciences (IRCCS), Nagoya University Furo, Chikusa Nagoya 464-8602 Japan .,Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University Furo, Chikusa Nagoya 464-8602 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Nagasaka T, Sotome H, Morikawa S, Uriarte LM, Sliwa M, Kawai T, Miyasaka H. Restriction of the conrotatory motion in photo-induced 6π electrocyclic reaction: formation of the excited state of the closed-ring isomer in the cyclization. RSC Adv 2020; 10:20038-20045. [PMID: 35520419 PMCID: PMC9054205 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra03523h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The electrocyclic reaction dynamics of a photochromic dithiazolylarylene derivative, 2,3-dithiazolylbenzothiophene (DTA) was investigated by using time-resolved transient absorption and fluorescence spectroscopies. The closed-ring isomer of DTA undergoes cycloreversion through the conical intersection mediating the potential energy surfaces of the excited and ground states, which is in agreement with the Woodward–Hoffmann rules for the electrocyclic reactions of 6π electron systems. On the other hand, a large portion of the open-ring isomer undergoes cyclization along the distinct reaction scheme, in which the cyclization takes place in the excited state manifold leading to the formation of the excited state of the closed-ring isomer. The suppression of the geometrical motion of DTA due to the intramolecular interaction could open a new efficient reaction pathway resulting in the formation of the electronically excited state of the product. Restriction of the molecular geometry opens up a novel pathway in the cyclization reaction of a photochromic dithiazolylarylene derivative.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuhiro Nagasaka
- Division of Frontier Materials Science and Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University Toyonaka Osaka 560-8531 Japan
| | - Hikaru Sotome
- Division of Frontier Materials Science and Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University Toyonaka Osaka 560-8531 Japan
| | - Soichiro Morikawa
- Division of Frontier Materials Science and Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University Toyonaka Osaka 560-8531 Japan
| | - Lucas Martinez Uriarte
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8516, LASIR, Laboratoire de Spectrochimie Infrarouge et Raman Lille 59000 France
| | - Michel Sliwa
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8516, LASIR, Laboratoire de Spectrochimie Infrarouge et Raman Lille 59000 France
| | - Tsuyoshi Kawai
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology Ikoma Nara 630-0192 Japan
| | - Hiroshi Miyasaka
- Division of Frontier Materials Science and Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University Toyonaka Osaka 560-8531 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Sotome H, Une K, Nagasaka T, Kobatake S, Irie M, Miyasaka H. A dominant factor of the cycloreversion reactivity of diarylethene derivatives as revealed by femtosecond time-resolved absorption spectroscopy. J Chem Phys 2020; 152:034301. [PMID: 31968954 DOI: 10.1063/1.5134552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Dynamics of the cycloreversion reaction of a photochromic diarylethene derivative with a small ring-opening reaction yield (∼1%) was investigated by using femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy. The reaction rate constant and activation barrier on the reaction coordinate were quantitatively analyzed on the basis of the temperature and excitation wavelength dependencies of the reaction yield and excited state dynamics. From the comparison of the present results with those in a more reactive derivative, we concluded that a key factor regulating the overall reaction yield is the branching ratio at the conical intersection where the excited state population is split into the product and the initial reactant. The excitation wavelength dependence of the dynamics indicated that the geometrical relaxation and vibrational cooling proceed in a few picosecond time scale behind the cycloreversion process, and the vibrational excess energy assists the molecule to climb up the energy barrier.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hikaru Sotome
- Division of Frontier Materials Science and Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Kanako Une
- Division of Frontier Materials Science and Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiro Nagasaka
- Division of Frontier Materials Science and Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Seiya Kobatake
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka City University, Sumiyoshi, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Masahiro Irie
- Department of Chemistry and Research Center for Smart Molecules, Rikkyo University, 3-34-1 Nishi-Ikebukuro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Miyasaka
- Division of Frontier Materials Science and Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Jarota A, Pastorczak E, Abramczyk H. A deeper look into the photocycloreversion of a yellow diarylethene photoswitch: why is it so fast? Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:5408-5412. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cp05452a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The DMT photoswitch features an efficient ring-opening reaction at a sub-picosecond timescale owing to a single-channel relaxation from the S1 state which leads to a conical intersection with the ground state.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arkadiusz Jarota
- Institute of Applied Radiation Chemistry
- Lodz University of Technology
- 93-590 Łódź
- Poland
| | - Ewa Pastorczak
- Institute of Physics
- Lodz University of Technology
- Łódź
- Poland
| | - Halina Abramczyk
- Institute of Applied Radiation Chemistry
- Lodz University of Technology
- 93-590 Łódź
- Poland
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Honick CR, Peters GM, Young JD, Tovar JD, Bragg AE. Core structure dependence of cycloreversion dynamics in diarylethene analogs. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:3314-3328. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cp05797h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Increased core rigidity in diarylethene-type photoswitches results in shallower excited-state potential energy surfaces and faster funneling towards the conical intersections from which cycloreversion and nonreactive deactivation occur.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jamie D. Young
- Department of Chemistry
- Johns Hopkins University
- Baltimore
- USA
| | - John D. Tovar
- Department of Chemistry
- Johns Hopkins University
- Baltimore
- USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Ito H, Sakai H, Suzuki Y, Kawamata J, Hasobe T. Systematic Control of Structural and Photophysical Properties of π‐Extended Mono‐ and Bis‐BODIPY Derivatives. Chemistry 2019; 26:316-325. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201904282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Ito
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science and Technology Keio University 3-14-1 Hiyoshi Yokohama Kanagawa 223-8522 Japan
| | - Hayato Sakai
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science and Technology Keio University 3-14-1 Hiyoshi Yokohama Kanagawa 223-8522 Japan
| | - Yasutaka Suzuki
- Graduate School of Sciences and Technology for Innovation Yamaguchi University 1677-1 Yoshida Yamaguchi 753-8512 Japan
| | - Jun Kawamata
- Graduate School of Sciences and Technology for Innovation Yamaguchi University 1677-1 Yoshida Yamaguchi 753-8512 Japan
| | - Taku Hasobe
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science and Technology Keio University 3-14-1 Hiyoshi Yokohama Kanagawa 223-8522 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Li Y, Pérez Lustres JL, Volpp HR, Buckup T, Kolmar T, Jäschke A, Motzkus M. Ultrafast ring closing of a diarylethene-based photoswitchable nucleoside. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 20:22867-22876. [PMID: 30152514 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp03549k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Deoxyuridine nucleosides embodied into diarylethenes form an especial class of photoswitchable compounds that are designed to stack and pair with DNA bases. The molecular geometry can be switched between "open" and "closed" isomers by a pericyclic reaction that affects the stability of the surrounding double helix. This potentially enables light-induced control of DNA hybridization at microscopic resolution. Despite its importance for the optimization of DNA photoswitches, the ultrafast photoisomerization mechanism of these diarylethenes is still not well understood. In this work, femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy is applied to study the ring closing reaction upon UV excitation with 45 fs pulses. Excited-state absorption decays rapidly and gives rise to the UV-Vis difference spectrum of the "closed" form within ≈15 ps. Time constants of 0.09, 0.49 and 6.6 ps characterize the multimodal dynamics, where a swift recurrence in the signal anisotropy indicates transient population of the intermediate 21A-like state.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- Physikalisch Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls University, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Chiariello MG, Raucci U, Coppola F, Rega N. Unveiling anharmonic coupling by means of excited state ab initio dynamics: application to diarylethene photoreactivity. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:3606-3614. [PMID: 30306981 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp04707c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In this work, excited state ab initio molecular dynamics together with a time resolved vibrational analysis is employed to shed light on the vibrational photoinduced dynamics of a well-known diarylethene molecule experiencing a ring opening reaction upon electronic excitation. The photoreactivity of diarylethenes is recognized to be controlled by a non-adiabatic intersection point between the ground and the first excited state surfaces. The computation of an energy scan, along a suitable reaction coordinate, allows us to identify the region of potential energy surfaces in which the ground (S0) and the first excited (S1) state are well separated. The adiabatic sampling of that region in S1 shows that in the first 3 picoseconds, the central CC bond, which is subject to break, oscillates in an antiphase with respect to the energy gap ΔE(S1 - S0). A multiresolution analysis based on the wavelet transform was then applied to the structural parameters extracted from the excited state dynamics. The wavelet maps show characteristic oscillations of the frequencies, mainly CC stretching and CCC bending localized on the central 4-ring moiety. Moreover, we have identified the main frequency (methyl wagging motion) involved in the modulation of these oscillations. The anharmonic coupling within a group of vibrational modes was therefore highlighted, in good agreement with experimental evidence. For the first time, a quantitative analysis of time resolved signals from a wavelet transform/ab initio molecular dynamics approach was performed.
Collapse
|
18
|
Uno T, Koga M, Sotome H, Miyasaka H, Tamai N, Kobayashi Y. Stepwise Two-Photon-Induced Electron Transfer from Higher Excited States of Noncovalently Bound Porphyrin-CdS/ZnS Core/Shell Nanocrystals. J Phys Chem Lett 2018; 9:7098-7104. [PMID: 30452267 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b03106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
There has been an increasing amount of interest in stepwise two-photon-absorption (2PA)-induced photochemical reactions because of their extremely lower power thresholds compared to that of the simultaneous process and drastic reaction enhancements in some cases. However, stepwise 2PA-induced photochemical reactions were reported only in single chromophores and covalently bound bichromophores and there are few reports on these reactions in noncovalently bound systems because of weak electronic interactions among chromophores. This study demonstrated the stepwise 2PA-induced electron transfer from higher excited states in noncovalently bound protoporphyrin IX·CdS/ZnS core/shell nanocrystals (NCs). The electron transfer from higher excited states of porphyrin to CdS NCs successfully overcomes the activation barrier associated with the wide bandgap ZnS shell, indicating that a high reduction potential can be obtained with the stepwise 2PA process. The concept presented in this study can be applied to various noncovalently bound multichromophore systems to explore nonlinear photoresponses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takuma Uno
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Life Sciences , Ritsumeikan University , 1-1-1 Noji-higashi , Kusatsu , Shiga 525-8577 , Japan
| | - Masafumi Koga
- Division of Frontier Materials Science and Center for Promotion of Advanced Interdisciplinary Research, Graduate School of Engineering Science , Osaka University , Toyonaka , Osaka 560-8531 , Japan
| | - Hikaru Sotome
- Division of Frontier Materials Science and Center for Promotion of Advanced Interdisciplinary Research, Graduate School of Engineering Science , Osaka University , Toyonaka , Osaka 560-8531 , Japan
| | - Hiroshi Miyasaka
- Division of Frontier Materials Science and Center for Promotion of Advanced Interdisciplinary Research, Graduate School of Engineering Science , Osaka University , Toyonaka , Osaka 560-8531 , Japan
| | - Naoto Tamai
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Technology , Kwansei Gakuin University , 2-1 Gakuen , Sanda , Hyogo 669-1337 , Japan
| | - Yoichi Kobayashi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Life Sciences , Ritsumeikan University , 1-1-1 Noji-higashi , Kusatsu , Shiga 525-8577 , Japan
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Nagasaka T, Kunishi T, Sotome H, Koga M, Morimoto M, Irie M, Miyasaka H. Multiphoton-gated cycloreversion reaction of a fluorescent diarylethene derivative as revealed by transient absorption spectroscopy. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:19776-19783. [PMID: 29876548 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp01467a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The one- and two-photon cycloreversion reactions of a fluorescent diarylethene derivative with oxidized benzothiophene moieties were investigated by means of ultrafast laser spectroscopy. Femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy under the one-photon excitation condition revealed that the excited closed-ring isomer is simply deactivated into the initial ground state with a time constant of 2.6 ns without remarkable cycloreversion, the results of which are consistent with the very low cycloreversion reaction yield (<10-5) under steady-state light irradiation. On the other hand, an efficient cycloreversion reaction was observed under irradiation with a picosecond laser pulse at 532 nm. The excitation intensity dependence of the cycloreversion reaction indicates that a highly excited state attained by the stepwise two-photon absorption is responsible for the marked increase of the cycloreversion reaction, and the quantum yield at the highly excited state was estimated to be 0.018 from quantitative analysis, indicating that the reaction is enhanced by a factor of >1800.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuhiro Nagasaka
- Division of Frontier Materials Science and Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Fujitsuka M, Majima T. Reaction dynamics of excited radical ions revealed by femtosecond laser flash photolysis. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY C-PHOTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochemrev.2017.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
21
|
Sotome H, Nagasaka T, Une K, Morikawa S, Katayama T, Kobatake S, Irie M, Miyasaka H. Cycloreversion Reaction of a Diarylethene Derivative at Higher Excited States Attained by Two-Color, Two-Photon Femtosecond Pulsed Excitation. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:17159-17167. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b09763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hikaru Sotome
- Division
of Frontier Materials Science and Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary
Research, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiro Nagasaka
- Division
of Frontier Materials Science and Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary
Research, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Kanako Une
- Division
of Frontier Materials Science and Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary
Research, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Soichiro Morikawa
- Division
of Frontier Materials Science and Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary
Research, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Katayama
- Division
of Frontier Materials Science and Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary
Research, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Seiya Kobatake
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka City University, Sumiyoshi,
Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Masahiro Irie
- Department
of Chemistry and Research Center for Smart Molecules, Rikkyo University, 3-34-1
Nishi-Ikebukuro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Miyasaka
- Division
of Frontier Materials Science and Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary
Research, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| |
Collapse
|