1
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Cousin SF, Hughes CE, Ziarelli F, Viel S, Mollica G, Harris KDM, Pinon AC, Thureau P. Exploiting solid-state dynamic nuclear polarization NMR spectroscopy to establish the spatial distribution of polymorphic phases in a solid material. Chem Sci 2023; 14:10121-10128. [PMID: 37772100 PMCID: PMC10530703 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc02063k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Solid-state DNP NMR can enhance the ability to detect minor amounts of solid phases within heterogenous materials. Here we demonstrate that NMR contrast based on the transport of DNP-enhanced polarization can be exploited in the challenging case of early detection of a small amount of a minor polymorphic phase within a major polymorph, and we show that this approach can yield quantitative information on the spatial distribution of the two polymorphs. We focus on the detection of a minor amount (<4%) of polymorph III of m-aminobenzoic acid within a powder sample of polymorph I at natural isotopic abundance. Based on proposed models of the spatial distribution of the two polymorphs, simulations of 1H spin diffusion allow NMR data to be calculated for each model as a function of particle size and the relative amounts of the polymorphs. A comparison between simulated and experimental NMR data allows the model(s) best representing the spatial distribution of the polymorphs in the system to be established.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Colan E Hughes
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University Park Place Cardiff CF10 3AT Wales UK,
| | - Fabio Ziarelli
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, FSCM Marseille France
| | - Stéphane Viel
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ICR Marseille France
- Institut Universitaire de France Paris France
| | | | - Kenneth D M Harris
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University Park Place Cardiff CF10 3AT Wales UK,
| | - Arthur C Pinon
- Swedish NMR Center, University of Gothenburg Gothenburg SE-405 30 Sweden
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2
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Grossmann Q, Stampi-Bombelli V, Yakimov A, Docherty S, Copéret C, Mazzotti M. Developing Versatile Contactors for Direct Air Capture of CO 2 through Amine Grafting onto Alumina Pellets and Alumina Wash-Coated Monoliths. Ind Eng Chem Res 2023; 62:13594-13611. [PMID: 37663169 PMCID: PMC10472440 DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.3c01265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
The optimization of the air-solid contactor is critical to improve the efficiency of the direct air capture (DAC) process. To enable comparison of contactors and therefore a step toward optimization, two contactors are prepared in the form of pellets and wash-coated honeycomb monoliths. The desired amine functionalities are successfully incorporated onto these industrially relevant pellets by means of a procedure developed for powders, providing materials with a CO2 uptake not influenced by the morphology and the structure of the materials according to the sorption measurements. Furthermore, the amine functionalities are incorporated onto alumina wash-coated monoliths that provide a similar CO2 uptake compared to the pellets. Using breakthrough measurements, dry CO2 uptakes of 0.44 and 0.4 mmol gsorbent-1 are measured for pellets and for a monolith, respectively. NMR and IR studies of CO2 uptake show that the CO2 adsorbs mainly in the form of ammonium carbamate. Both contactors are characterized by estimated Toth isotherm parameters and linear driving force (LDF) coefficients to enable an initial comparison and provide information for further studies of the two contactors. LDF coefficients of 1.5 × 10-4 and of 1.2 × 10-3 s-1 are estimated for the pellets and for a monolith, respectively. In comparison to the pellets, the monolith therefore exhibits particularly promising results in terms of adsorption kinetics due to its hierarchical pore structure. This is reflected in the productivity of the adsorption step of 6.48 mol m-3 h-1 for the pellets compared to 7.56 mol m-3 h-1 for the monolith at a pressure drop approximately 1 order of magnitude lower, making the monoliths prime candidates to enhance the efficiency of DAC processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quirin Grossmann
- Institute
of Energy and Process Engineering, Sonneggstrasse 3, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Alexander Yakimov
- Department
of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Vladimir Prelog Weg 2, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Scott Docherty
- Department
of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Vladimir Prelog Weg 2, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christophe Copéret
- Department
of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Vladimir Prelog Weg 2, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marco Mazzotti
- Institute
of Energy and Process Engineering, Sonneggstrasse 3, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
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3
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Mishra A, Hope MA, Stevanato G, Kubicki DJ, Emsley L. Dynamic Nuclear Polarization of Inorganic Halide Perovskites. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2023; 127:11094-11102. [PMID: 37342202 PMCID: PMC10278140 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.3c01527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
The intrinsic low sensitivity of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experiments limits their utility for structure determination of materials. Dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) under magic angle spinning (MAS) has shown tremendous potential to overcome this key limitation, enabling the acquisition of highly selective and sensitive NMR spectra. However, so far, DNP methods have not been explored in the context of inorganic lead halide perovskites, which are a leading class of semiconductor materials for optoelectronic applications. In this work, we study cesium lead chloride and quantitatively compare DNP methods based on impregnation with a solution of organic biradicals with doping of high-spin metal ions (Mn2+) into the perovskite structure. We find that metal-ion DNP provides the highest bulk sensitivity in this case, while highly surface-selective NMR spectra can be acquired using impregnation DNP. The performance of both methods is explained in terms of the relaxation times, particle size, dopant concentration, and surface wettability. We envisage the future use of DNP NMR approaches in establishing structure-activity relationships in inorganic perovskites, especially for mass-limited samples such as thin films.
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4
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Samudrala KK, Conley MP. Effects of surface acidity on the structure of organometallics supported on oxide surfaces. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:4115-4127. [PMID: 36912586 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc00047h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
Well-defined organometallics supported on high surface area oxides are promising heterogeneous catalysts. An important design factor in these materials is how the metal interacts with the functionalities on an oxide support, commonly anionic X-type ligands derived from the reaction of an organometallic M-R with an -OH site on the oxide. The metal can either form a covalent M-O bond or form an electrostatic M+⋯-O ion-pair, which impacts how well-defined organometallics will interact with substrates in catalytic reactions. A less common reaction pathway involves the reaction of a Lewis site on the oxide with the organometallic, resulting in abstraction to form an ion-pair, which is relevant to industrial olefin polymerization catalysts. This Feature Article views the spectrum of reactivity between an organometallic and an oxide through the prism of Brønsted and/or Lewis acidity of surface sites and draws analogies to the molecular frame where Lewis and Brønsted acids are known to form reactive ion-pairs. Applications of the well-defined sites developed in this article are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matthew P Conley
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, USA.
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5
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Eills J, Budker D, Cavagnero S, Chekmenev EY, Elliott SJ, Jannin S, Lesage A, Matysik J, Meersmann T, Prisner T, Reimer JA, Yang H, Koptyug IV. Spin Hyperpolarization in Modern Magnetic Resonance. Chem Rev 2023; 123:1417-1551. [PMID: 36701528 PMCID: PMC9951229 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic resonance techniques are successfully utilized in a broad range of scientific disciplines and in various practical applications, with medical magnetic resonance imaging being the most widely known example. Currently, both fundamental and applied magnetic resonance are enjoying a major boost owing to the rapidly developing field of spin hyperpolarization. Hyperpolarization techniques are able to enhance signal intensities in magnetic resonance by several orders of magnitude, and thus to largely overcome its major disadvantage of relatively low sensitivity. This provides new impetus for existing applications of magnetic resonance and opens the gates to exciting new possibilities. In this review, we provide a unified picture of the many methods and techniques that fall under the umbrella term "hyperpolarization" but are currently seldom perceived as integral parts of the same field. Specifically, before delving into the individual techniques, we provide a detailed analysis of the underlying principles of spin hyperpolarization. We attempt to uncover and classify the origins of hyperpolarization, to establish its sources and the specific mechanisms that enable the flow of polarization from a source to the target spins. We then give a more detailed analysis of individual hyperpolarization techniques: the mechanisms by which they work, fundamental and technical requirements, characteristic applications, unresolved issues, and possible future directions. We are seeing a continuous growth of activity in the field of spin hyperpolarization, and we expect the field to flourish as new and improved hyperpolarization techniques are implemented. Some key areas for development are in prolonging polarization lifetimes, making hyperpolarization techniques more generally applicable to chemical/biological systems, reducing the technical and equipment requirements, and creating more efficient excitation and detection schemes. We hope this review will facilitate the sharing of knowledge between subfields within the broad topic of hyperpolarization, to help overcome existing challenges in magnetic resonance and enable novel applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Eills
- Institute
for Bioengineering of Catalonia, Barcelona
Institute of Science and Technology, 08028Barcelona, Spain,
| | - Dmitry Budker
- Johannes
Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55128Mainz, Germany,Helmholtz-Institut,
GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 55128Mainz, Germany,Department
of Physics, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, California94720, United States
| | - Silvia Cavagnero
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Madison, Wisconsin53706, United States
| | - Eduard Y. Chekmenev
- Department
of Chemistry, Integrative Biosciences (IBio), Karmanos Cancer Institute
(KCI), Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan48202, United States,Russian
Academy of Sciences, Moscow119991, Russia
| | - Stuart J. Elliott
- Molecular
Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College
London, LondonW12 0BZ, United Kingdom
| | - Sami Jannin
- Centre
de RMN à Hauts Champs de Lyon, Université
de Lyon, CNRS, ENS Lyon, Université Lyon 1, 69100Villeurbanne, France
| | - Anne Lesage
- Centre
de RMN à Hauts Champs de Lyon, Université
de Lyon, CNRS, ENS Lyon, Université Lyon 1, 69100Villeurbanne, France
| | - Jörg Matysik
- Institut
für Analytische Chemie, Universität
Leipzig, Linnéstr. 3, 04103Leipzig, Germany
| | - Thomas Meersmann
- Sir
Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, University Park, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, NottinghamNG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Prisner
- Institute
of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry and Center of Biomolecular Magnetic
Resonance, Goethe University Frankfurt, , 60438Frankfurt
am Main, Germany
| | - Jeffrey A. Reimer
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, UC Berkeley, and Materials Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, Berkeley, California94720, United States
| | - Hanming Yang
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Madison, Wisconsin53706, United States
| | - Igor V. Koptyug
- International Tomography Center, Siberian
Branch of the Russian Academy
of Sciences, 630090Novosibirsk, Russia,
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6
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Smith ME. Recent progress in solid-state NMR of spin-½ low-γ nuclei applied to inorganic materials. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 25:26-47. [PMID: 36421944 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp03663k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Significant technological and methodological advances in solid-state NMR techniques in recent years have increased the accessibility of nuclei with small magnetic moments (hereafter termed low-γ) underpinning an increased range of applications of such nuclei. These methodological advances are briefly summarised, including improvements in hardware and pulse sequences, as well as important developments in associated computational methods (e.g. first principles calculations, spectral simulation). Here spin-½ nuclei are the focus, with this Perspective complementing a very recent review that looked at half-integer spin low-γ quadrupolar nuclei. Reference is made to some of the original reports of such spin-½ nuclei, but recent progress in the relevant methodology and applications to inorganic materials (most within the last 10 years) of these nuclei are the focus. An overview of the current state-of-the-art of studying these nuclei is thereby provided for both NMR spectroscopists and materials researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark E Smith
- Vice-Chancellor and President's Office and Department of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK. .,Department of Chemistry, Lancaster University, Bailrigg, Lancaster, LA1 4YB, UK.,Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
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7
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Juramy M, Mollica G. Recent Progress in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Strategies for Time-Resolved Atomic-Level Investigation of Crystallization from Solution. Curr Opin Colloid Interface Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cocis.2022.101663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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8
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Büchele S, Yakimov A, Collins SM, Ruiz-Ferrando A, Chen Z, Willinger E, Kepaptsoglou DM, Ramasse QM, Müller CR, Safonova OV, López N, Copéret C, Pérez-Ramírez J, Mitchell S. Elucidation of Metal Local Environments in Single-Atom Catalysts Based on Carbon Nitrides. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2202080. [PMID: 35678101 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202202080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The ability to tailor the properties of metal centers in single-atom heterogeneous catalysts depends on the availability of advanced approaches for characterization of their structure. Except for specific host materials with well-defined metal adsorption sites, determining the local atomic environment remains a crucial challenge, often relying heavily on simulations. This article reports an advanced analysis of platinum atoms stabilized on poly(triazine imide), a nanocrystalline form of carbon nitride. The approach discriminates the distribution of surface coordination sites in the host, the evolution of metal coordination at different stages during the synthesis of the material, and the potential locations of metal atoms within the lattice. Consistent with density functional theory predictions, simultaneous high-resolution imaging in high-angle annular dark field and bright field modes experimentally confirms the preferred localization of platinum in-plane in the corners of the triangular cavities. X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and dynamic nuclear polarization enhanced 15 N nuclear magnetic resonance (DNP-NMR) spectroscopies coupled with density functional theory (DFT) simulations reveal that the predominant metal species comprise Pt(II) bound to three nitrogen atoms and one chlorine atom inside the coordination sites. The findings, which narrow the gap between experimental and theoretical elucidation, contribute to the improved structural understanding and provide a benchmark for exploring the speciation of single-atom catalysts based on carbon nitrides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Büchele
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, Zurich, 8093, Switzerland
| | - Alexander Yakimov
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, Zurich, 8093, Switzerland
| | - Sean M Collins
- Bragg Centre for Materials Research, School of Chemical and Process Engineering and School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Andrea Ruiz-Ferrando
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia and Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, Tarragona, 43007, Spain
| | - Zupeng Chen
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, P. R. China
| | - Elena Willinger
- Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Leonhardstrasse 21, Zurich, 8092, Switzerland
| | | | - Quentin M Ramasse
- SuperSTEM Laboratory, SciTech Daresbury Campus, Daresbury, WA4 4AD, UK
| | - Christoph R Müller
- Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Leonhardstrasse 21, Zurich, 8092, Switzerland
| | - Olga V Safonova
- Paul Scherrer Institute, Forschungsstrasse 111, Villigen, 5232, Switzerland
| | - Núria López
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia and Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, Tarragona, 43007, Spain
| | - Christophe Copéret
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, Zurich, 8093, Switzerland
| | - Javier Pérez-Ramírez
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, Zurich, 8093, Switzerland
| | - Sharon Mitchell
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, Zurich, 8093, Switzerland
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9
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Tensi L, Yakimov AV, Trotta C, Domestici C, De Jesus Silva J, Docherty SR, Zuccaccia C, Copéret C, Macchioni A. Single-Site Iridium Picolinamide Catalyst Immobilized onto Silica for the Hydrogenation of CO 2 and the Dehydrogenation of Formic Acid. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:10575-10586. [PMID: 35766898 PMCID: PMC9348825 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c01640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
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The development of
an efficient heterogeneous catalyst for storing
H2 into CO2 and releasing it from the produced
formic acid, when needed, is a crucial target for overcoming some
intrinsic criticalities of green hydrogen exploitation, such as high
flammability, low density, and handling. Herein, we report an efficient
heterogeneous catalyst for both reactions prepared by immobilizing
a molecular iridium organometallic catalyst onto a high-surface mesoporous
silica, through a sol–gel methodology. The presence of tailored
single-metal catalytic sites, derived by a suitable choice of ligands
with desired steric and electronic characteristics, in combination
with optimized support features, makes the immobilized catalyst highly
active. Furthermore, the information derived from multinuclear DNP-enhanced
NMR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and Ir L3-edge XAS
indicates the formation of cationic iridium sites. It is quite remarkable
to note that the immobilized catalyst shows essentially the same catalytic
activity as its molecular analogue in the hydrogenation of CO2. In the reverse reaction of HCOOH dehydrogenation, it is
approximately twice less active but has no induction period. We report the synthesis of a heterogeneous
immobilized catalyst
(Ir_PicaSi_SiO2) and its successful
application in aqueous CO2 hydrogenation and FA dehydrogenation.
The information derived from multinuclear DNP-enhanced NMR spectroscopy,
elemental analysis, and XAS indicates the presence of cationic iridium
sites in Ir_PicaSi_SiO2. The
latter shows essentially the same catalytic activity as its molecular
analogue in the hydrogenation of CO2. In the reverse reaction
of HCOOH dehydrogenation, it is approximately twice less active but
has no induction period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Tensi
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology and CIRCC, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia 06123, Italy.,Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich 8093, Switzerland
| | - Alexander V Yakimov
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich 8093, Switzerland
| | - Caterina Trotta
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology and CIRCC, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia 06123, Italy
| | - Chiara Domestici
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology and CIRCC, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia 06123, Italy
| | - Jordan De Jesus Silva
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich 8093, Switzerland
| | - Scott R Docherty
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich 8093, Switzerland
| | - Cristiano Zuccaccia
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology and CIRCC, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia 06123, Italy
| | - Christophe Copéret
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich 8093, Switzerland
| | - Alceo Macchioni
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology and CIRCC, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia 06123, Italy
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10
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11
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Carnahan SL, Chen Y, Wishart JF, Lubach JW, Rossini AJ. Magic angle spinning dynamic nuclear polarization solid-state NMR spectroscopy of γ-irradiated molecular organic solids. SOLID STATE NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE 2022; 119:101785. [PMID: 35405629 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssnmr.2022.101785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In the past 15 years, magic angle spinning (MAS) dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) has emerged as a method to increase the sensitivity of high-resolution solid-state NMR spectroscopy experiments. Recently, γ-irradiation has been used to generate significant concentrations of homogeneously distributed free radicals in a variety of solids, including quartz, glucose, and cellulose. Both γ-irradiated quartz and glucose previously showed significant MAS DNP enhancements. Here, γ-irradiation is applied to twelve small organic molecules to test the applicability of γ-irradiation as a general method of creating stable free radicals for MAS DNP experiments on organic solids and pharmaceuticals. Radical concentrations in the range of 0.25 mM-10 mM were observed in irradiated glucose, histidine, malic acid, and malonic acid, and significant 1H DNP enhancements of 32, 130, 19, and 11 were obtained, respectively, as measured by 1H→13C CPMAS experiments. However, concentrations of free radicals below 0.05 mM were generally observed in organic molecules containing aromatic rings, preventing sizeable DNP enhancements. DNP sensitivity gains for several of the irradiated compounds exceed that which can be obtained with the relayed DNP approach that uses exogeneous polarizing agent solutions and impregnation procedures. In several cases, significant 1H DNP enhancements were realized at room temperature. This study demonstrates that in many cases γ-irradiation is a viable alternative to addition of stable exogenous radicals for DNP experiments on organic solids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott L Carnahan
- US DOE Ames Laboratory, Ames, IA, 50011, USA; Iowa State University, Department of Chemistry, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Yunhua Chen
- US DOE Ames Laboratory, Ames, IA, 50011, USA; Iowa State University, Department of Chemistry, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - James F Wishart
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Chemistry Division, Upton, NY, 11973, United States
| | - Joseph W Lubach
- Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, 94080, United States
| | - Aaron J Rossini
- US DOE Ames Laboratory, Ames, IA, 50011, USA; Iowa State University, Department of Chemistry, Ames, IA, 50011, USA.
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12
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Tanaka S, Takada S, Suzuki T, Nakajima Y, Sato K. End-Groups of Poly( p-phenylene sulfide) Characterized by DNP NMR Spectroscopy. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c00102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Tanaka
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Catalytic Chemistry, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, 305-8565 Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Shingo Takada
- Research Association of High-Throughput Design and Development for Advanced Functional Materials, 305-8565 Tsukuba, Japan
- Central Research Laboratories, DIC Corporation, 285-0078 Sakura, Japan
| | - Tohru Suzuki
- Processing Technical Division, DIC Corporation, 290-8585 Ichihara, Japan
| | - Yumiko Nakajima
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Catalytic Chemistry, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, 305-8565 Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Sato
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Catalytic Chemistry, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, 305-8565 Tsukuba, Japan
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13
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Tanaka S, Nakajima Y, Ogawa A, Kuragano T, Kon Y, Tamura M, Sato K, Copéret C. DNP NMR Spectroscopy Enabled Direct Characterization of Polystyrene-supported Catalyst Species for Synthesis of Glycidyl Esters by Transesterification. Chem Sci 2022; 13:4490-4497. [PMID: 35656145 PMCID: PMC9019915 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc00274d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymer-supported catalysts have been of great interest in organic syntheses, but have suffered from the difficulty in obtaining direct structural information regarding the catalyst species embedded in the polymer due to the limitations of most analytical methods. Here, we show that dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP)-enhanced solid-state NMR is ideally positioned to characterize the ubiquitous cross-linked polystyrene (PS)-supported catalysts, thus enabling molecular-level understanding and rational development. Ammonium-based catalysts, which show excellent catalytic activity and reusability for the transesterification of methyl esters with glycidol, giving glycidyl esters in high yields, were successfully characterized by DNP 15N NMR spectroscopy at 15N natural abundance. DNP 15N NMR shows in particular that the decomposition of quaternary alkylammonium moieties to tertiary amines was completely suppressed during the catalytic reaction. Furthermore, the dilute ring-opened product derived from glycidol and NO3− was directly characterized by DNP 15N CPMAS and 1H–15N and 1H–13C HETCOR NMR using a 15N enriched (NO3) sample, supporting the view that the transesterification mechanism involves an alkoxide anion derived from an epoxide and NO3−. In addition, the detailed analysis of a used catalyst indicated that the adsorption of products on the cationic center is the major deactivation step in this catalysis. We demonstrated that DNP-enhanced NMR spectroscopy enables the direct and detailed characterization of polymer-supported alkylammonium catalysts.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Tanaka
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Catalytic Chemistry, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology Tsukuba 305-8565 Japan
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich Vladimir Prelog Weg 1-5 Zürich 8093 Switzerland
| | - Yumiko Nakajima
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Catalytic Chemistry, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology Tsukuba 305-8565 Japan
| | - Atsuko Ogawa
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Catalytic Chemistry, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology Tsukuba 305-8565 Japan
| | - Takashi Kuragano
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Catalytic Chemistry, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology Tsukuba 305-8565 Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Kon
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Catalytic Chemistry, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology Tsukuba 305-8565 Japan
| | - Masanori Tamura
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Catalytic Chemistry, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology Tsukuba 305-8565 Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Sato
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Catalytic Chemistry, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology Tsukuba 305-8565 Japan
| | - Christophe Copéret
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich Vladimir Prelog Weg 1-5 Zürich 8093 Switzerland
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14
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Lin E, Bai Z, Yuan Y, Chen Z, Yang Y, Huang Y, Chen Z. A General Reconstruction Method for Multidimensional Sparse Sampling Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:10622-10630. [PMID: 34699231 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c03063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Multidimensional NMR spectroscopy provides a powerful tool for structure elucidation and dynamic analysis of complex samples, particularly for biological macromolecules. Multidimensional sparse sampling effectively accelerates NMR experiments while an efficient reconstruction method is generally required for unraveling spectra. Various reconstruction methods were proposed for pure Fourier NMR (only involving chemical shifts and J couplings detection). However, reconstruction concerned with Laplace-related NMR (i.e., involving relaxation or diffusion detection) is more challenging due to its ill-posed property. The existing Laplace-related NMR sparse sampling reconstruction methods suffer from poor resolution and possible artifacts in the resulting spectra owing to the pitfalls of the optimization algorithms. Herein, we propose a general approach for fast high-resolution reconstruction of multidimensional sparse sampling NMR, including pure Fourier, mixed Fourier-Laplace, and pure Laplace NMR, benefiting from the comprehensive sparse constraint and effective optimization algorithm and thus showing the promising prospects of multidimensional NMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enping Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Electronic Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Zhemin Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Electronic Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Yifei Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Electronic Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Zhiwei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Electronic Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Yu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Electronic Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Yuqing Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Electronic Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Zhong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Electronic Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
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15
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Smith ME. Recent progress in solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance of half-integer spin low-γ quadrupolar nuclei applied to inorganic materials. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2021; 59:864-907. [PMID: 33207003 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.5116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
An overview is presented of recent progress in the solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) observation of low-γ nuclei, with a focus on applications to inorganic materials. The technological and methodological advances in the last 20 years, which have underpinned the increased accessibility of low-γ nuclei for study by solid-state NMR techniques, are summarised, including improvements in hardware, pulse sequences and associated computational methods (e.g., first principles calculations and spectral simulation). Some of the key initial observations from inorganic materials of these nuclei are highlighted along with some recent (most within the last 10 years) illustrations of their application to such materials. A summary of other recent reviews of the study of low-γ nuclei by solid-state NMR is provided so that a comprehensive understanding of what has been achieved to date is available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark E Smith
- Vice-Chancellor and President's Office and Department of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Department of Chemistry, Lancaster University, Bailrigg, Lancaster, UK
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
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16
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Ishizaka Y, Arai N, Matsumoto K, Nagashima H, Takeuchi K, Fukaya N, Yasuda H, Sato K, Choi JC. Bidentate Disilicate Framework for Bis-Grafted Surface Species. Chemistry 2021; 27:12069-12077. [PMID: 34189785 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202101927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in surface organometallic chemistry have enabled the detailed characterization of the surface species in single-site heterogeneous catalysts. However, the selective formation of bis-grafted surface species remains challenging because of the heterogeneity of the supporting surface. Herein, we introduce a metal complex bearing bidentate disilicate ligands, -OSi(Ot Bu)2 OSi(Ot Bu)2 O-, as a molecular precursor, which has a silicate framework adjacent to the metal (Pt) center. The grafting of the precursors on silica supports (MCM-41 and CARiACT Q10) proceeded through a substitution reaction on the silicon atoms of the disilicate ligand, which was verified by the detection of isobutene and t BuOH as the elimination products, to selectively yield bis-grafted surface species. The chemical structure of the surface species was characterized by solid-state NMR, and the chemical shift values of the ancillary ligands and 195 Pt nuclei suggested that the bidentate coordination sphere was maintained following grafting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Ishizaka
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8565, Japan.,Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8573, Japan
| | - Natsumi Arai
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ibaraki University, 2-1-1 Bunkyo, Mito, Ibaraki, 310-8512, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Matsumoto
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8565, Japan
| | - Hiroki Nagashima
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8565, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Takeuchi
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8565, Japan
| | - Norihisa Fukaya
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8565, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Yasuda
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8565, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Sato
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8565, Japan
| | - Jun-Chul Choi
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8565, Japan.,Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8573, Japan
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17
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Kobayashi T, Pruski M. Indirectly Detected DNP-Enhanced 17 O NMR Spectroscopy: Observation of Non-Protonated Near-Surface Oxygen at Naturally Abundant Silica and Silica-Alumina. Chemphyschem 2021; 22:1441-1445. [PMID: 34019318 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202100290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) can be used to detect 17 O solid-state NMR spectra of naturally abundant samples within a reasonable experimental time. Observations using indirect DNP, which relies on 1 H mediation in transferring electron hyperpolarization to 17 O, are currently limited mostly to hydroxyls. Direct DNP schemes can hyperpolarize non-protonated oxygen near the radicals; however, they generally offer much lower signal enhancements. In this study, we demonstrate the detection of signals from non-protonated 17 O in materials containing silicon. The sensitivity boost that made the experiment possible originates from three sources: indirect DNP excitation of 29 Si via protons, indirect detection of 17 O through 29 Si nuclei using two-dimensional 29 Si{17 O} D-HMQC, and Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill refocusing of 29 Si magnetization during acquisition. This 29 Si-detected scheme enabled, for the first time, 2D 17 O-29 Si heteronuclear correlation spectroscopy in mesoporous silica and silica-alumina surfaces at natural abundance. In contrast to the silanols showing motion-averaged 17 O signals, the framework oxygens exhibit unperturbed powder patterns as unambiguous fingerprints of surface sites. Along with hydroxyl oxygens, detection of these moieties will help in gaining more atomistic-scale insights into surface chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Kobayashi
- U.S. DOE Ames Laboratory, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011-3020, United States
| | - Marek Pruski
- U.S. DOE Ames Laboratory, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011-3020, United States
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18
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Zhu H, O'Dell LA. Nuclear magnetic resonance characterisation of ionic liquids and organic ionic plastic crystals: common approaches and recent advances. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:5609-5625. [PMID: 34048516 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc02151f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Ionic liquids, and their solid-state equivalents organic ionic plastic crystals, show many useful and tailorable properties that make them interesting for a wide range of applications including as electrolytes for energy storage devices. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and related techniques offer a powerful and versatile toolkit for the characterisation of structure, interactions and dynamics in these materials. This article summarises both commonly used methods and some recent advances in this area, including solution- and solid-state methods, dynamic nuclear polarisation, imaging, diffusion and relaxation measurements, and example applications of some less commonly studied nuclei.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haijin Zhu
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Geelong Waurn Ponds Campus, Victoria 3220, Australia.
| | - Luke A O'Dell
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Geelong Waurn Ponds Campus, Victoria 3220, Australia.
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19
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Burueva D, Stakheev A, Koptyug I. Pd-based bimetallic catalysts for parahydrogen-induced polarization in heterogeneous hydrogenations. MAGNETIC RESONANCE (GOTTINGEN, GERMANY) 2021; 2:93-103. [PMID: 37904757 PMCID: PMC10539775 DOI: 10.5194/mr-2-93-2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/01/2023]
Abstract
Production of hyperpolarized catalyst-free gases and liquids by heterogeneous hydrogenation with parahydrogen can be useful for various technical as well as biomedical applications, including in vivo studies, investigations of mechanisms of industrially important catalytic processes, enrichment of nuclear spin isomers of polyatomic gases, and more. In this regard, the wide systematic search for heterogeneous catalysts effective in pairwise H 2 addition required for the observation of parahydrogen-induced polarization (PHIP) effects is crucial. Here in this work we demonstrate the competitive advantage of Pd-based bimetallic catalysts for PHIP in heterogeneous hydrogenations (HET-PHIP). The dilution of catalytically active Pd with less active Ag or In atoms provides the formation of atomically dispersed Pd 1 sites on the surface of Pd-based bimetallic catalysts, which are significantly more selective toward pairwise H 2 addition compared to the monometallic Pd. Furthermore, the choice of the dilution metal (Ag or In) has a pronounced effect on the efficiency of bimetallic catalysts in HET-PHIP, as revealed by comparing Pd-Ag and Pd-In bimetallic catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dudari B. Burueva
- Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance Microimaging, International
Tomography Center, SB RAS, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
- Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | | | - Igor V. Koptyug
- Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance Microimaging, International
Tomography Center, SB RAS, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
- Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
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20
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Björgvinsdóttir S, Moutzouri P, Walder BJ, Matthey N, Emsley L. Hyperpolarization transfer pathways in inorganic materials. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2021; 323:106888. [PMID: 33359903 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2020.106888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Dynamic nuclear polarization can be used to hyperpolarize the bulk of proton-free inorganic materials in magic angle spinning NMR experiments. The hyperpolarization is generated on the surface of the material with incipient wetness impregnation and from there it is propagated towards the bulk through homonuclear spin diffusion between weakly magnetic nuclei. This method can provide significant gains in sensitivity for MAS NMR spectra of bulk inorganic compounds, but the pathways of the magnetization transfer into the material have not previously been elucidated. Here we show how two-dimensional experiments can be used to study spin diffusion from the surface of a material towards the bulk. We find that hyperpolarization can be efficiently relayed from surface sites to multiple bulk sites simultaneously, and that the bulk sites also engage in rapid polarization exchange between themselves. We also show evidence that the surface peaks can exchange polarization between different sites in cases of disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Snædís Björgvinsdóttir
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Pinelopi Moutzouri
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Brennan J Walder
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Matthey
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Lyndon Emsley
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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21
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Ziarelli F, Thureau P, Viel S, Mollica G. Solvent suppression in solid-state DNP NMR using Electronic Mixing-Mediated Annihilation (EMMA). MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2020; 58:1076-1081. [PMID: 31972055 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.5001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We show here that the Electronic Mixing-Mediated Annihilation (EMMA) method, previously reported for the suppression of background signals in solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectra, can be successfully applied to remove the solvent signals observed in the case of nuclear magnetic resonance spectra obtained with dynamic nuclear polarization. The methodology presented here is applied to two standard sample preparation methods for dynamic nuclear polarization, namely, glass forming and incipient wetness impregnation. It is demonstrated that the Electronic Mixing-Mediated Annihilation method is complementary to the different methods for solvent suppression based on relaxation filters and that it can be used to preserve the quantitative information that might be present in the pristine spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Ziarelli
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, FSCM, Marseille, France
| | | | - Stéphane Viel
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ICR, Marseille, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
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22
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Witzke RJ, Chapovetsky A, Conley MP, Kaphan DM, Delferro M. Nontraditional Catalyst Supports in Surface Organometallic Chemistry. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c03350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan J. Witzke
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Alon Chapovetsky
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Matthew P. Conley
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - David M. Kaphan
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Massimiliano Delferro
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
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23
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Jardón-Álvarez D, Reuveni G, Harchol A, Leskes M. Enabling Natural Abundance 17O Solid-State NMR by Direct Polarization from Paramagnetic Metal Ions. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:5439-5445. [PMID: 32551646 PMCID: PMC7370305 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c01527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) significantly enhances the sensitivity of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), increasing its applications and the quality of NMR spectroscopy as a characterization tool for materials. Efficient spin diffusion among the nuclear spins is considered to be essential for spreading the hyperpolarization throughout the sample, enabling large DNP enhancements. This scenario mostly limits the polarization enhancement of low-sensitivity nuclei in inorganic materials to the surface sites when the polarization source is an exogenous radical. In metal-ion-based DNP, the polarization agents are distributed in the bulk sample and act as a source of both relaxation and polarization enhancement. We have found that as long as the polarization agent is the main source of relaxation, the enhancement does not depend on the distance between the nucleus and dopant. As a consequence, the requirement of efficient spin diffusion is lifted, and the entire sample can be directly polarized. We exploit this finding to measure high-quality NMR spectra of 17O in the electrode material Li4Ti5O12 doped with Fe(III) despite its low abundance and long relaxation time.
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24
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Pucino M, Liao W, Chan KW, Lam E, Schowner R, Zhizhko PA, Buchmeiser MR, Copéret C. Metal‐Surface Interactions and Surface Heterogeneity in ‘Well‐Defined’ Silica‐Supported Alkene Metathesis Catalysts: Evidences and Consequences. Helv Chim Acta 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.202000072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Margherita Pucino
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich Vladimir Prelog Weg 1–5 CH-8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Wei‐Chih Liao
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich Vladimir Prelog Weg 1–5 CH-8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Ka Wing Chan
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich Vladimir Prelog Weg 1–5 CH-8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Erwin Lam
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich Vladimir Prelog Weg 1–5 CH-8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Roman Schowner
- Institute of Polymer ChemistryUniversity of Stuttgart Pfaffenwaldring 55 DE-70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Pavel A. Zhizhko
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich Vladimir Prelog Weg 1–5 CH-8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Michael R. Buchmeiser
- Institute of Polymer ChemistryUniversity of Stuttgart Pfaffenwaldring 55 DE-70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Christophe Copéret
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich Vladimir Prelog Weg 1–5 CH-8093 Zürich Switzerland
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25
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Casabianca LB. Solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance studies of nanoparticles. SOLID STATE NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE 2020; 107:101664. [PMID: 32361159 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssnmr.2020.101664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
In this trends article, we review seminal and recent studies using static and magic-angle spinning solid-state NMR to study the structure of nanoparticles and ligands attached to nanoparticles. Solid-state NMR techniques including one-dimensional multinuclear NMR, cross-polarization, techniques for measuring dipolar coupling and internuclear distances, and multidimensional NMR have provided insight into the core-shell structure of nanoparticles as well as the structure of ligands on the nanoparticle surface. Hyperpolarization techniques, in particular solid-state dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP), have enabled detailed studies of nanoparticle core-shell structure and surface chemistry, by allowing unprecedented levels of sensitivity to be achieved. The high signal-to-noise afforded by DNP has allowed homonuclear and heteronuclear correlation experiments involving nuclei with low natural abundance to be performed in reasonable experimental times, which previously would not have been possible. The use of DNP to study nanoparticles and their applications will be a fruitful area of study in the coming years as well.
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26
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Yakimov AV, Mance D, Searles K, Copéret C. A Formulation Protocol with Pyridine to Enable Dynamic Nuclear Polarization Surface-Enhanced NMR Spectroscopy on Reactive Surface Sites: Case Study with Olefin Polymerization and Metathesis Catalysts. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:3401-3407. [PMID: 32271018 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c00716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Dynamic nuclear polarization surface-enhanced NMR spectroscopy (DNP-SENS) has emerged as a powerful characterization tool in material chemistry and heterogeneous catalysis by dramatically increasing, by up to 2 orders of magnitude, the NMR signals associated with surface sites. DNP-SENS mostly relies on using exogenous polarizing agents (PAs), typically dinitroxyl radicals, to boost the NMR signals. However, the PAs may interact with the surface or even react with surface sites, thus leading to loss or quenching of DNP enhancements. Herein, we describe the development of a DNP-SENS formulation that allows broadening the application of DNP-SENS to samples containing highly reactive surface sites, namely a Ziegler-Natta propylene polymerization catalyst, a sulfated zirconia-supported metallocene, and a silica-supported cationic Mo alkylidene. The protocol consists of adsorbing pyridine prior to the DNP formulation (TEKPol/TCE). The addition of pyridine not only preserves the PAs and thereby restores the DNP enhancement but also allows probing Lewis/Brønsted acid surface sites that are often present on these catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Deni Mance
- ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog Weg 1-5/10, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Keith Searles
- ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog Weg 1-5/10, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
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27
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Carnahan SL, Venkatesh A, Perras FA, Wishart JF, Rossini AJ. High-Field Magic Angle Spinning Dynamic Nuclear Polarization Using Radicals Created by γ-Irradiation. J Phys Chem Lett 2019; 10:4770-4776. [PMID: 31347850 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b01655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
High-field magic angle spinning dynamic nuclear polarization (MAS DNP) is often used to enhance the sensitivity of solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance experiments by transferring spin polarization from electron spins to nuclear spins. Here, we demonstrate that γ-irradiation induces the formation of stable radicals in inorganic solids, such as fused quartz and borosilicate glasses, as well as organic solids, such as glucose, cellulose, and a urea/polyethylene polymer. The radicals were then used to polarize 29Si or 1H spins in the core of some of these materials. Significant MAS DNP enhancements (ε) of more than 400 and 30 were obtained for fused quartz and glucose, respectively. For other samples, negligible values of ε were obtained, likely due to low concentrations of radicals or the presence of abundant quadrupolar spins. These results demonstrate that ionizing radiation is a promising alternative method for generating stable radicals that are suitable for high-field MAS DNP experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott L Carnahan
- U.S. Department of Energy Ames Laboratory, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Amrit Venkatesh
- U.S. Department of Energy Ames Laboratory, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Frédéric A Perras
- U.S. Department of Energy Ames Laboratory, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - James F Wishart
- Chemistry Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Aaron J Rossini
- U.S. Department of Energy Ames Laboratory, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
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28
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Rankin AGM, Trébosc J, Pourpoint F, Amoureux JP, Lafon O. Recent developments in MAS DNP-NMR of materials. SOLID STATE NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE 2019; 101:116-143. [PMID: 31189121 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssnmr.2019.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Solid-state NMR spectroscopy is a powerful technique for the characterization of the atomic-level structure and dynamics of materials. Nevertheless, the use of this technique is often limited by its lack of sensitivity, which can prevent the observation of surfaces, defects or insensitive isotopes. Dynamic Nuclear Polarization (DNP) has been shown to improve by one to three orders of magnitude the sensitivity of NMR experiments on materials under Magic-Angle Spinning (MAS), at static magnetic field B0 ≥ 5 T, conditions allowing for the acquisition of high-resolution spectra. The field of DNP-NMR spectroscopy of materials has undergone a rapid development in the last ten years, spurred notably by the availability of commercial DNP-NMR systems. We provide here an in-depth overview of MAS DNP-NMR studies of materials at high B0 field. After a historical perspective of DNP of materials, we describe the DNP transfers under MAS, the transport of polarization by spin diffusion and the various contributions to the overall sensitivity of DNP-NMR experiments. We discuss the design of tailored polarizing agents and the sample preparation in the case of materials. We present the DNP-NMR hardware and the influence of key experimental parameters, such as microwave power, magnetic field, temperature and MAS frequency. We give an overview of the isotopes that have been detected by this technique, and the NMR methods that have been combined with DNP. Finally, we show how MAS DNP-NMR has been applied to gain new insights into the structure of organic, hybrid and inorganic materials with applications in fields, such as health, energy, catalysis, optoelectronics etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew G M Rankin
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, ENSCL, Univ. Artois, UMR 8181, UCCS, Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Julien Trébosc
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, ENSCL, Univ. Artois, UMR 8181, UCCS, Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide, F-59000, Lille, France; Univ. Lille, CNRS-FR2638, Fédération Chevreul, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Frédérique Pourpoint
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, ENSCL, Univ. Artois, UMR 8181, UCCS, Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Jean-Paul Amoureux
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, ENSCL, Univ. Artois, UMR 8181, UCCS, Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide, F-59000, Lille, France; Bruker Biospin, 34 rue de l'industrie, F-67166, Wissembourg, France
| | - Olivier Lafon
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, ENSCL, Univ. Artois, UMR 8181, UCCS, Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide, F-59000, Lille, France; Institut Universitaire de France, 1 rue Descartes, F-75231, Paris, France.
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29
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Thureau P, Juramy M, Ziarelli F, Viel S, Mollica G. Brute-force solvent suppression for DNP studies of powders at natural isotopic abundance. SOLID STATE NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE 2019; 99:15-19. [PMID: 30836289 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssnmr.2019.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A method based on highly concentrated radical solutions is investigated for the suppression of the NMR signals arising from solvents that are usually used for dynamic nuclear polarization experiments. The presented method is suitable in the case of powders, which are impregnated with a radical-containing solution. It is also demonstrated that the intensity and the resolution of the signals due to the sample of interest is not affected by the high concentration of radicals. The method proposed here is therefore valuable when sensitivity is of the utmost importance, namely samples at natural isotopic abundance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marie Juramy
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ICR, Marseille, France
| | - Fabio Ziarelli
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, FSCM, Marseille, France
| | - Stephane Viel
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ICR, Marseille, France; Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
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30
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Thureau P, Sturniolo S, Zilka M, Ziarelli F, Viel S, Yates JR, Mollica G. Reducing the computational cost of NMR crystallography of organic powders at natural isotopic abundance with the help of 13 C- 13 C dipolar couplings. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2019; 57:256-264. [PMID: 30735578 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.4848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Structure determination of functional organic compounds remains a formidable challenge when the sample exists as a powder. Nuclear magnetic resonance crystallography approaches based on the comparison of experimental and Density Functional Theory (DFT)-computed 1 H chemical shifts have already demonstrated great potential for structure determination of organic powders, but limitations still persist. In this study, we discuss the possibility of using 13 C-13 C dipolar couplings quantified on powdered theophylline at natural isotopic abundance with the help of dynamic nuclear polarization, to realize a DFT-free, rapid screening of a pool of structures predicted by ab initio random structure search. We show that although 13 C-13 C dipolar couplings can identify structures possessing long range structural motifs and unit cell parameters close to those of the true structure, it must be complemented with other data to recover information about the presence and the chemical nature of the supramolecular interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Simone Sturniolo
- Scientific Computing Department, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot, UK
| | - Miri Zilka
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Fabio Ziarelli
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, FSCM FR1739, Marseille, France
| | - Stéphane Viel
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ICR, Marseille, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
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31
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Vioglio PC, Thureau P, Juramy M, Ziarelli F, Viel S, Williams PA, Hughes CE, Harris KDM, Mollica G. A Strategy for Probing the Evolution of Crystallization Processes by Low-Temperature Solid-State NMR and Dynamic Nuclear Polarization. J Phys Chem Lett 2019; 10:1505-1510. [PMID: 30882228 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b00306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Crystallization plays an important role in many areas, and to derive a fundamental understanding of crystallization processes, it is essential to understand the sequence of solid phases produced as a function of time. Here, we introduce a new NMR strategy for studying the time evolution of crystallization processes, in which the crystallizing system is quenched rapidly to low temperature at specific time points during crystallization. The crystallized phase present within the resultant "frozen solution" may be investigated in detail using a range of sophisticated NMR techniques. The low temperatures involved allow dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) to be exploited to enhance the signal intensity in the solid-state NMR measurements, which is advantageous for detection and structural characterization of transient forms that are present only in small quantities. This work opens up the prospect of studying the very early stages of crystallization, at which the amount of solid phase present is intrinsically low.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pierre Thureau
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ICR , 13397 Marseille , France
| | - Marie Juramy
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ICR , 13397 Marseille , France
| | - Fabio Ziarelli
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, FSCM , 13397 Marseille , France
| | - Stéphane Viel
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ICR , 13397 Marseille , France
- Institut Universitaire de France , 75231 Paris , France
| | - P Andrew Williams
- School of Chemistry , Cardiff University , Park Place , Cardiff , Wales CF10 3AT , U.K
| | - Colan E Hughes
- School of Chemistry , Cardiff University , Park Place , Cardiff , Wales CF10 3AT , U.K
| | - Kenneth D M Harris
- School of Chemistry , Cardiff University , Park Place , Cardiff , Wales CF10 3AT , U.K
| | - Giulia Mollica
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ICR , 13397 Marseille , France
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32
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Zhao EW, Maligal-Ganesh R, Mentink-Vigier F, Zhao TY, Du Y, Pei Y, Huang W, Bowers CR. Atomic-Scale Structure of Mesoporous Silica-Encapsulated Pt and PtSn Nanoparticles Revealed by Dynamic Nuclear Polarization- Enhanced 29Si MAS NMR Spectroscopy. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2019; 123:7299-7307. [PMID: 31186824 PMCID: PMC6558955 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.9b01782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Mesoporous silica encapsulated Pt (Pt@mSiO2) and PtSn (PtSn@mSiO2) nanoparticles (NPs) are representatives of a novel class of heterogeneous catalysts with uniform particle size, enhanced catalytic properties, and superior thermal stability. In the ship-in-a-bottle synthesis, PtSn@mSiO2 intermetallic NPs are derived from Pt@mSiO2 seeds where the mSiO2 shell is formed by polymerization of tetraethyl orthosilicate around a tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide template, a surfactant used to template MCM-41. Incorporation of Sn into the Pt@mSiO2 seeds is accommodated by chemical etching of the mSiO2 shell. The effect of this etching on the atomic-scale structure of the mSiO2 has not been previously examined, nor has the extent of the structural similarity to MCM-41. Here, the quaternary Q2, Q3 and Q4 sites corresponding to formulas Si(O1/2)2(OH)2, Si(O1/2)3(OH)1 and Si(O1/2)4, in MCM-41 and the mesoporous silica of Pt@mSiO2 and PtSn@mSiO2 NPs were identified and quantified by conventional and dynamic nuclear polarization enhanced Si-29 Magic Angle Spinning Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (DNP MAS NMR). The connectivity of the -Si-O-Si-network was revealed by DNP enhanced two-dimensional 29Si-29Si correlation spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan Wenbo Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida,
Gainesville, Florida, 32611 United States
- Correspondence to:
, ,
| | | | | | - Tommy Yunpu Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida,
Gainesville, Florida, 32611 United States
| | - Yong Du
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida,
Gainesville, Florida, 32611 United States
| | - Yuchen Pei
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa,
50011 United States
| | - Wenyu Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa,
50011 United States
- Ames Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy, Ames, Iowa
50011 United States
- Correspondence to:
, ,
| | - Clifford Russell Bowers
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida,
Gainesville, Florida, 32611 United States
- Correspondence to:
, ,
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33
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Bryce DL. New frontiers for solid-state NMR across the periodic table: a snapshot of modern techniques and instrumentation. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:8014-8020. [PMID: 31184347 DOI: 10.1039/c9dt01801h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Selected highlights of the recent literature on solid-state NMR of some of the lesser studied nuclei are provided. The roles of ultrahigh magnetic fields, radiofrequency pulse sequences, dynamic nuclear polarization, isotopic enrichment, and nuclear quadrupole resonance in opening up the periodic table to in-depth study are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- David L Bryce
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, CanadaK1N6N5.
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