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Shioya N, Yoshida M, Fujii M, Shimoaka T, Miura R, Maruyama S, Hasegawa T. Conformational Change of Alkyl Chains at Phase Transitions in Thin Films of an Asymmetric Benzothienothiophene Derivative. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:11918-11924. [PMID: 36525547 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c03399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Among many promising organic semiconducting materials, 2-decyl-7-phenyl[1]benzothieno[3,2-b][1]benzothiophene (Ph-BTBT-C10) shows outstanding device performances for organic field-effect transistors. This compound has a highly ordered liquid crystalline state, i.e., the smectic E (SmE) phase. Although the transition from the crystalline state to the SmE phase is believed to accompany melting of the alkyl chains, no spectroscopic evidence has been found so far. In this study, the conformational change of the decyl chains in Ph-BTBT-C10 films across the phase transition is analyzed by temperature-dependent measurements in situ using infrared spectroscopy. The spectral analysis reveals that the polycrystalline film has latent conformational disorder (the gauche conformer), the rate of which becomes more pronounced with the heat treatment. As expected, melting of the decyl chains is observed above the transition temperature to the SmE phase. This study also highlights the discovery of some key bands sensitive to the phase transitions in liquid crystalline organic semiconductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobutaka Shioya
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Mariko Yoshida
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Masamichi Fujii
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Takafumi Shimoaka
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Riku Miura
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Tohoku University, 6-6-07 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - Shingo Maruyama
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Tohoku University, 6-6-07 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - Takeshi Hasegawa
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
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2
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Duva G, Pithan L, Gerlach A, Janik A, Hinderhofer A, Schreiber F. Roughness evolution in strongly interacting donor:acceptor mixtures of molecular semiconductors. An in situ, real-time growth study using x-ray reflectivity. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2021; 33:115003. [PMID: 33285533 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/abd11c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The evolution of surface roughness in binary mixtures of the two molecular organic semiconductors (OSCs) diindenoperylene (DIP) as electron-donor and 1, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8-hexafluoro-tetracyano naphthoquinodimethane (F6TCNNQ) as electron-acceptor is studied. We co-deposit DIP and F6TCNNQ in vacuum with varying relative molar content while keeping a molar excess of DIP in order to produce phase-heterogeneous mixtures. The excess DIP phase segregates in pristine crystallites, whereas the remaining mixed phase is constituted by DIP:F6TCNNQ co-crystallites. We calculate the surface roughness as function of film thickness by modelling x-ray reflectivity data acquired in situ and in real-time during film growth. To model the experimental data, two distinct approaches, namely the kinematic approximation and the Parratt formalism, are applied. A comparative study of surface roughness evolution as function of DIP:F6TCNNQ mixing ratio is carried out implementing the Trofimov growth model within the kinematic approximation. Depending on the thickness regime, mixing ratio-specific trends are identified and discussed. To explain them, a growth mechanism for binary heterogeneous mixtures of strongly interacting OSCs is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Duva
- University of Tübingen, Institute for Applied Physics, Auf der Morgenstelle 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - L Pithan
- ESRF - The European Synchrotron, 71, Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - A Gerlach
- University of Tübingen, Institute for Applied Physics, Auf der Morgenstelle 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - A Janik
- University of Tübingen, Institute for Applied Physics, Auf der Morgenstelle 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - A Hinderhofer
- University of Tübingen, Institute for Applied Physics, Auf der Morgenstelle 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - F Schreiber
- University of Tübingen, Institute for Applied Physics, Auf der Morgenstelle 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Center for Light-Matter Interactions, Sensors and Analytics (LISA+), Auf der Morgenstelle 15, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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3
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Reisz B, Belova V, Duva G, Zeiser C, Hodas M, Hagara J, Šiffalovič P, Pithan L, Hosokai T, Hinderhofer A, Gerlach A, Schreiber F. Polymorphism and structure formation in copper phthalocyanine thin films. J Appl Crystallogr 2021; 54:203-210. [PMID: 33833648 PMCID: PMC7941321 DOI: 10.1107/s1600576720015472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This X-ray diffraction study proves that two α polymorphs of copper pthalocyanine (CuPc) co-exist in vacuum-deposited thin films and provides possible molecular configurations by excluded-volume considerations. Furthermore, atomic force microscopy images together with a simple MATLAB simulation show that elevated substrate temperatures facilitate the downward diffusion of CuPc molecules during film growth and lead to a smoother surface. Many polymorphic crystal structures of copper phthalocyanine (CuPc) have been reported over the past few decades, but despite its manifold applicability, the structure of the frequently mentioned α polymorph remained unclear. The base-centered unit cell (space group C2/c) suggested in 1966 was ruled out in 2003 and was replaced by a primitive triclinic unit cell (space group P1). This study proves unequivocally that both α structures coexist in vacuum-deposited CuPc thin films on native silicon oxide by reciprocal space mapping using synchrotron radiation in grazing incidence. The unit-cell parameters and the space group were determined by kinematic scattering theory and provide possible molecular arrangements within the unit cell of the C2/c structure by excluded-volume considerations. In situ X-ray diffraction experiments and ex situ atomic force microscopy complement the experimental data further and provide insight into the formation of a smooth thin film by a temperature-driven downward diffusion of CuPc molecules during growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berthold Reisz
- Institute for Applied Physics, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Valentina Belova
- Institute for Applied Physics, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Giuliano Duva
- Institute for Applied Physics, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Clemens Zeiser
- Institute for Applied Physics, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Martin Hodas
- Institute for Applied Physics, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jakub Hagara
- Institute of Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 11 Bratislava 45, Slovak Republic
| | - Peter Šiffalovič
- Institute of Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 11 Bratislava 45, Slovak Republic
| | - Linus Pithan
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 avenue des Martyrs CS 402200, 38043 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Takuya Hosokai
- National Metrology Institute of Japan (NMIJ), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba Central 5, 1-1-1 Azuma, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
| | - Alexander Hinderhofer
- Institute for Applied Physics, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Alexander Gerlach
- Institute for Applied Physics, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Frank Schreiber
- Institute for Applied Physics, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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Amsterdam SH, LaMountain T, Stanev TK, Sangwan VK, López-Arteaga R, Padgaonkar S, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Weiss EA, Marks TJ, Hersam MC, Stern NP. Tailoring the Optical Response of Pentacene Thin Films via Templated Growth on Hexagonal Boron Nitride. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:26-31. [PMID: 33296212 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c03132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The optoelectronic properties of organic thin films are strongly dependent on their molecular orientation and packing, which in turn is sensitive to the underlying substrate. Hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) and other van der Waals (vdW) materials are known to template different organic thin film growth modalities from conventional inorganic substrates such as SiO2. Here, the morphology and temperature-dependent optical properties of pentacene films grown on hBN are reported. Pentacene deposited on hBN forms large-grain films with a molecular π-face-on orientation unlike the dendritic edge-on thin-film phase on SiO2. Pentacene/hBN films exhibit a 40 meV lower free exciton emission than pentacene/SiO2 and an unconventional emission energy temperature dependence. Time-resolved photoluminescence (PL) decay measurements show a long-lived signal in the π-face-on phase related to delayed emission from triplet-triplet fusion. This work demonstrates that growth on vdW materials provides a pathway for controlling optoelectronic functionality in molecular thin films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel H Amsterdam
- Department of Chemistry and the Materials Research Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Trevor LaMountain
- Applied Physics Program, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Teodor K Stanev
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Vinod K Sangwan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and the Materials Research Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Rafael López-Arteaga
- Department of Chemistry and the Materials Research Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Suyog Padgaonkar
- Department of Chemistry and the Materials Research Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
| | - Takashi Taniguchi
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
| | - Emily A Weiss
- Department of Chemistry and the Materials Research Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Applied Physics Program, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and the Materials Research Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Tobin J Marks
- Department of Chemistry and the Materials Research Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and the Materials Research Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Mark C Hersam
- Department of Chemistry and the Materials Research Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Applied Physics Program, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and the Materials Research Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science and the Materials Research Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Nathaniel P Stern
- Applied Physics Program, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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Wang Q, Chen MT, Franco-Cañellas A, Shen B, Geiger T, F. Bettinger H, Schreiber F, Salzmann I, Gerlach A, Duhm S. Impact of fluorination on interface energetics and growth of pentacene on Ag(111). BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 11:1361-1370. [PMID: 32974114 PMCID: PMC7492695 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.11.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
We studied the structural and electronic properties of 2,3,9,10-tetrafluoropentacene (F4PEN) on Ag(111) via X-ray standing waves (XSW), low-energy electron diffraction (LEED) as well as ultraviolet and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS and XPS). XSW revealed that the adsorption distances of F4PEN in (sub)monolayers on Ag(111) were 3.00 Å for carbon atoms and 3.05 Å for fluorine atoms. The F4PEN monolayer was essentially lying on Ag(111), and multilayers adopted π-stacking. Our study shed light not only on the F4PEN-Ag(111) interface but also on the fundamental adsorption behavior of fluorinated pentacene derivatives on metals in the context of interface energetics and growth mode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wang
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Meng-Ting Chen
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices and Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People’s Republic of China
| | - Antoni Franco-Cañellas
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Bin Shen
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Thomas Geiger
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Holger F. Bettinger
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Frank Schreiber
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ingo Salzmann
- Department of Physics, Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St. West, Montreal, Quebec H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Alexander Gerlach
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Steffen Duhm
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices and Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People’s Republic of China
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6
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Suravarapu SR, Parvathaneni SP, Bender JA, Roberts ST, Krische MJ. Benzannulation through Ruthenium(0)-Catalyzed Transfer Hydrogenative Cycloaddition: Precision Synthesis and Photophysical Characterization of Soluble Diindenoperylenes. Chemistry 2020; 26:7504-7510. [PMID: 32271965 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202001731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The first application of ruthenium(0)-catalyzed 1,2-dione-diyne [2+2+2] cycloaddition to PAH construction is achieved by the precision synthesis of soluble diindenoperylenes (DIPs), the electronic structures of which were investigated using steady-state absorption and emission, transient absorption, cyclic voltammetry and time-dependent density functional theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sankar Rao Suravarapu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, 105 E 24th St. (A5300), Austin, TX, 78712-1167, USA
| | - Sai Prathima Parvathaneni
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, 105 E 24th St. (A5300), Austin, TX, 78712-1167, USA
| | - Jon A Bender
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, 105 E 24th St. (A5300), Austin, TX, 78712-1167, USA
| | - Sean T Roberts
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, 105 E 24th St. (A5300), Austin, TX, 78712-1167, USA
| | - Michael J Krische
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, 105 E 24th St. (A5300), Austin, TX, 78712-1167, USA
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7
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Shioya N, Fujiwara R, Tomita K, Shimoaka T, Hasegawa T. Simultaneous Analysis of Molecular Orientation and Quantity Change of Constituents in a Thin Film Using pMAIRS. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:2714-2720. [PMID: 32160467 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c00111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Spectral analysis using chemometrics is extensively used for quantitative chemical analysis in a mixture, but it works powerfully only when the peak intensity is solely proportional to the quantity of chemical components. In this sense, thin films on a solid substrate are not suitable for chemometric analysis, because the molecular orientation also influences the peak intensity via the surface selection rules. In the present study, this long-term analytical issue has readily been overcome by using p-polarized multiple-angle incidence resolution spectrometry (pMAIRS), which has a characteristic that the in-plane (IP) and out-of-plane (OP) vibrational spectra of a thin-film sample are obtained simultaneously in a common ordinate scale. Thanks to this unique power of pMAIRS, the average of the IP and OP spectra annihilates optical anisotropy, yielding an orientation-free spectrum, which enables us to perform the simultaneous quantitative analysis of both quantity change and molecular orientation of the constituents in a thin film. Now, we are ready to examine chemical reactions quantitatively in a thin film.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobutaka Shioya
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Ryoi Fujiwara
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Tomita
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Takafumi Shimoaka
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Takeshi Hasegawa
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
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8
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Hagara J, Mrkyvkova N, NádaŽdy P, Hodas M, Bodík M, Jergel M, Majková E, Tokár K, Hutár P, Sojková M, Chumakov A, Konovalov O, Pandit P, Roth S, Hinderhofer A, Hulman M, Siffalovic P, Schreiber F. Reorientation of π-conjugated molecules on few-layer MoS 2 films. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:3097-3104. [PMID: 31967129 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp05728e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Small π-conjugated organic molecules have attracted substantial attention in the past decade as they are considered as candidates for future organic-based (opto-)electronic applications. The molecular arrangement in the organic layer is one of the crucial parameters that determine the efficiency of a given device. The desired orientation of the molecules is achieved by a proper choice of the underlying substrate and growth conditions. Typically, one underlying material supports only one inherent molecular orientation at its interface. Here, we report on two different orientations of diindenoperylene (DIP) molecules on the same underlayer, i.e. on a few-layer MoS2 substrate. We show that DIP molecules adopt a lying-down orientation when deposited on few-layer MoS2 with horizontally oriented layers. In contrast, for vertically aligned MoS2 layers, DIP molecules are arranged in a standing-up manner. Employing in situ and real-time grazing-incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering (GIWAXS), we monitored the stress evolution within the thin DIP layer from the early stages of the growth, revealing different substrate-induced phases for the two molecular orientations. Our study opens up new possibilities for the next-generation of flexible electronics, which might benefit from the combination of MoS2 layers with unique optical and electronic properties and an extensive reservoir of small organic molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Hagara
- Institute of Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská Cesta 9, 845 11 Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Nada Mrkyvkova
- Institute of Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská Cesta 9, 845 11 Bratislava, Slovakia. and Center for Advanced Materials Application, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská Cesta 9, Bratislava 84511, Slovakia
| | - Peter NádaŽdy
- Institute of Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská Cesta 9, 845 11 Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Martin Hodas
- Institute of Applied Physics, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 10, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Michal Bodík
- Institute of Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská Cesta 9, 845 11 Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Matej Jergel
- Institute of Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská Cesta 9, 845 11 Bratislava, Slovakia. and Center for Advanced Materials Application, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská Cesta 9, Bratislava 84511, Slovakia
| | - Eva Majková
- Institute of Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská Cesta 9, 845 11 Bratislava, Slovakia. and Center for Advanced Materials Application, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská Cesta 9, Bratislava 84511, Slovakia
| | - Kamil Tokár
- Institute of Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská Cesta 9, 845 11 Bratislava, Slovakia. and Advanced Technologies Research Institute, Faculty of Materials Science and Technology in Trnava, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, 917 24 Trnava, Slovakia
| | - Peter Hutár
- Institute of Electrical Engineering, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská Cesta 9, 845 11 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Michaela Sojková
- Institute of Electrical Engineering, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská Cesta 9, 845 11 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Andrei Chumakov
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, Grenoble 38000, France
| | - Oleg Konovalov
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, Grenoble 38000, France
| | - Pallavi Pandit
- Photon Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Hamburg 22607, Germany
| | - Stephan Roth
- Photon Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Hamburg 22607, Germany
| | - Alexander Hinderhofer
- Institute of Applied Physics, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 10, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Martin Hulman
- Institute of Electrical Engineering, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská Cesta 9, 845 11 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Peter Siffalovic
- Institute of Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská Cesta 9, 845 11 Bratislava, Slovakia. and Center for Advanced Materials Application, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská Cesta 9, Bratislava 84511, Slovakia
| | - Frank Schreiber
- Institute of Applied Physics, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 10, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
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9
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Hagara J, Mrkyvkova N, Feriancová L, Putala M, Nádaždy P, Hodas M, Shaji A, Nádaždy V, Huss-Hansen MK, Knaapila M, Hagenlocher J, Russegger N, Zwadlo M, Merten L, Sojková M, Hulman M, Vlad A, Pandit P, Roth S, Jergel M, Majková E, Hinderhofer A, Siffalovic P, Schreiber F. Novel highly substituted thiophene-based n-type organic semiconductor: structural study, optical anisotropy and molecular control. CrystEngComm 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0ce01171a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Oligothiophenes and their functionalized derivatives have been shown to be a viable option for high-performance organic electronic devices.
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10
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Duva G, Beyer P, Scholz R, Belova V, Opitz A, Hinderhofer A, Gerlach A, Schreiber F. Ground-state charge-transfer interactions in donor:acceptor pairs of organic semiconductors - a spectroscopic study of two representative systems. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:17190-17199. [PMID: 31364636 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp02939g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
We investigate blended donor:acceptor (D:A) thin films of the two donors diindenoperylene (DIP) and poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) mixed with the strong acceptor 1,3,4,5,7,8-hexafluorotetracyanonaphthoquinodimethane (F6TCNNQ) using Polarization-Modulation Infrared Reflection-Absorption Spectroscopy (PMIRRAS). For DIP:F6TCNNQ thin films we first carry out a comprehensive study of the structure as a function of the D : A mixing ratio, which guides the analysis of the PMIRRAS spectra. In particular, from the red-shift of the nitrile (C[triple bond, length as m-dash]N) stretching of F6TCNNQ in the different mixtures with DIP, we quantify the average ground-state charge-transfer (GS-CT) to be ρavg = (0.84 ± 0.04) e. The PMIRRAS data for P3HT:F6TCNNQ blended films reveal nearly the same shift of the CT-affected C[triple bond, length as m-dash]N stretching peak for this system. This points towards a very similar CT strength for the two systems. We extend the analysis to the relative intensity of the C[triple bond, length as m-dash]N to the C[double bond, length as m-dash]C stretching modes of F6TCNNQ in the mixtures with DIP and P3HT, respectively, and support it with DFT calculations for the isolated F6TCNNQ. Such comparison allows to identify the vibrational signatures of the acceptor mono-anion in P3HT:F6TCNNQ, thus indicating a much stronger, integer CT-type interactions for this system, in agreement with available optical spectroscopy data. Our findings stress the importance of a simultaneous analysis of C[triple bond, length as m-dash]N and C[double bond, length as m-dash]C stretching vibrations in F6TCNNQ, or similar quinoid systems, for a reliable picture of the nature of GS-CT interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuliano Duva
- University of Tübingen, Institute for Applied Physics, Auf der Morgenstelle 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Paul Beyer
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Physics, Newtonstraße 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Reinhard Scholz
- Dresden Integrated Center for Applied Physics and Photonic Materials, Nöthnitzer Str. 61, 01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - Valentina Belova
- University of Tübingen, Institute for Applied Physics, Auf der Morgenstelle 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Andreas Opitz
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Physics, Newtonstraße 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexander Hinderhofer
- University of Tübingen, Institute for Applied Physics, Auf der Morgenstelle 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Alexander Gerlach
- University of Tübingen, Institute for Applied Physics, Auf der Morgenstelle 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Frank Schreiber
- University of Tübingen, Institute for Applied Physics, Auf der Morgenstelle 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany. and Center for Light-Matter Interactions, Sensors & Analytics (LISA+), Auf der Morgenstelle 15, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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