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Pinna J, Pili E, Mehrabi Koushki R, Gavhane DS, Carlà F, Kooi BJ, Portale G, Loi MA. PbI 2 Passivation of Three Dimensional PbS Quantum Dot Superlattices Toward Optoelectronic Metamaterials. ACS NANO 2024. [PMID: 38954751 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c04076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Lead chalcogenide colloidal quantum dots are one of the most promising materials to revolutionize the field of short-wavelength infrared optoelectronics due to their bandgap tunability and strong absorption. By self-assembling these quantum dots into ordered superlattices, mobilities approaching those of the bulk counterparts can be achieved while still retaining their original optical properties. The recent literature focused mostly on PbSe-based superlattices, but PbS quantum dots have several advantages, including higher stability. In this work, we demonstrate highly ordered 3D superlattices of PbS quantum dots with tunable thickness up to 200 nm and high coherent ordering, both in-plane and along the thickness. We show that we can successfully exchange the ligands throughout the film without compromising the ordering. The superlattices as the active material of an ion gel-gated field-effect transistor achieve electron mobilities up to 220 cm2 V-1 s-1. To further improve the device performance, we performed a postdeposition passivation with PbI2, which noticeably reduced the subthreshold swing making it reach the Boltzmann limit. We believe this is an important proof of concept showing that it is possible to overcome the problem of high trap densities in quantum dot superlattices enabling their application in optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacopo Pinna
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, Groningen 9747 AG, The Netherlands
| | - Elisa Pili
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, Groningen 9747 AG, The Netherlands
| | - Razieh Mehrabi Koushki
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, Groningen 9747 AG, The Netherlands
| | - Dnyaneshwar S Gavhane
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, Groningen 9747 AG, The Netherlands
| | - Francesco Carlà
- Diamond House, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Diamond Light Source Ltd, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
| | - Bart J Kooi
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, Groningen 9747 AG, The Netherlands
| | - Giuseppe Portale
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, Groningen 9747 AG, The Netherlands
| | - Maria Antonietta Loi
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, Groningen 9747 AG, The Netherlands
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Erwin SC, Efros AL. Electronic transport in quantum-dot-in-perovskite solids. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:17725-17734. [PMID: 36420634 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr04244d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
We investigate theoretically the band transport of electrons and holes in a "quantum-dot-in-perovskite" solid, a periodic array of semiconductor nanocrystal quantum dots embedded in a matrix of lead halide perovskite. For concreteness we focus on PbS quantum dots passivated by inorganic halogen ligands and embedded in a matrix of CsPbI3. We find that the halogen ligands play a decisive role in determining the band offset between the dot and matrix and may therefore provide a straightforward way to control transport experimentally. The model and analysis developed here may readily be generalized to analyze band transport in a broader class of dot-in-solid materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven C Erwin
- Center for Computational Materials Science, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, USA.
| | - Alexander L Efros
- Center for Computational Materials Science, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, USA.
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Liu J, Enomoto K, Takeda K, Inoue D, Pu YJ. Simple cubic self-assembly of PbS quantum dots by finely controlled ligand removal through gel permeation chromatography. Chem Sci 2021; 12:10354-10361. [PMID: 34377421 PMCID: PMC8336479 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc02096j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The geometry in self-assembled superlattices of colloidal quantum dots (QDs) strongly affects their optoelectronic properties and is thus of critical importance for applications in optoelectronic devices. Here, we achieve the selective control of the geometry of colloidal quasi-spherical PbS QDs in highly-ordered two and three dimensional superlattices: Disordered, simple cubic (sc), and face-centered cubic (fcc). Gel permeation chromatography (GPC), not based on size-exclusion effects, is developed to quantitatively and continuously control the ligand coverage of PbS QDs. The obtained QDs can retain their high stability and photoluminescence on account of the chemically soft removal of the ligands by GPC. With increasing ligand coverage, the geometry of the self-assembled superlattices by solution-casting of the GPC-processed PbS QDs changed from disordered, sc to fcc because of the finely controlled ligand coverage and anisotropy on QD surfaces. Importantly, the highly-ordered sc supercrystal usually displays unique superfluorescence and is expected to show high charge transporting properties, but it has not yet been achieved for colloidal quasi-spherical QDs. It is firstly accessible by fine-tuning the QD ligand density using the GPC method here. This selective formation of different geometric superlattices based on GPC promises applications of such colloidal quasi-spherical QDs in high-performance optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianjun Liu
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS) Wako Saitama 351-0198 Japan
| | - Kazushi Enomoto
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS) Wako Saitama 351-0198 Japan
| | - Kotaro Takeda
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS) Wako Saitama 351-0198 Japan
| | - Daishi Inoue
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS) Wako Saitama 351-0198 Japan
| | - Yong-Jin Pu
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS) Wako Saitama 351-0198 Japan
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Biondi M, Choi MJ, Wang Z, Wei M, Lee S, Choubisa H, Sagar LK, Sun B, Baek SW, Chen B, Todorović P, Najarian AM, Sedighian Rasouli A, Nam DH, Vafaie M, Li YC, Bertens K, Hoogland S, Voznyy O, García de Arquer FP, Sargent EH. Facet-Oriented Coupling Enables Fast and Sensitive Colloidal Quantum Dot Photodetectors. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2101056. [PMID: 34245178 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202101056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Charge carrier transport in colloidal quantum dot (CQD) solids is strongly influenced by coupling among CQDs. The shape of as-synthesized CQDs results in random orientational relationships among facets in CQD solids, and this limits the CQD coupling strength and the resultant performance of optoelectronic devices. Here, colloidal-phase reconstruction of CQD surfaces, which improves facet alignment in CQD solids, is reported. This strategy enables control over CQD faceting and allows demonstration of enhanced coupling in CQD solids. The approach utilizes post-synthetic resurfacing and unites surface passivation and colloidal stability with a propensity for dots to couple via (100):(100) facets, enabling increased hole mobility. Experimentally, the CQD solids exhibit a 10× increase in measured hole mobility compared to control CQD solids, and enable photodiodes (PDs) exhibiting 70% external quantum efficiency (vs 45% for control devices) and specific detectivity, D* > 1012 Jones, each at 1550 nm. The photodetectors feature a 7 ns response time for a 0.01 mm2 area-the fastest reported for solution-processed short-wavelength infrared PDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margherita Biondi
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Min-Jae Choi
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Zhibo Wang
- Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Scarborough, Ontario, M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - Mingyang Wei
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Seungjin Lee
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Hitarth Choubisa
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Laxmi Kishore Sagar
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Bin Sun
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Se-Woong Baek
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Bin Chen
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Petar Todorović
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Amin Morteza Najarian
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Armin Sedighian Rasouli
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Dae-Hyun Nam
- Department of Energy Science and Engineering, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Maral Vafaie
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Yuguang C Li
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Koen Bertens
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Sjoerd Hoogland
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Oleksandr Voznyy
- Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Scarborough, Ontario, M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - F Pelayo García de Arquer
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Edward H Sargent
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G4, Canada
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Zhao Q, Gouget G, Guo J, Yang S, Zhao T, Straus DB, Qian C, Oh N, Wang H, Murray CB, Kagan CR. Enhanced Carrier Transport in Strongly Coupled, Epitaxially Fused CdSe Nanocrystal Solids. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:3318-3324. [PMID: 33792310 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c00860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Strongly coupled, epitaxially fused colloidal nanocrystal (NC) solids are promising solution-processable semiconductors to realize optoelectronic devices with high carrier mobilities. Here, we demonstrate sequential, solid-state cation exchange reactions to transform epitaxially connected PbSe NC thin films into Cu2Se nanostructured thin-film intermediates and then successfully to achieve zinc-blende, CdSe NC solids with wide epitaxial necking along {100} facets. Transient photoconductivity measurements probe carrier transport at nanometer length scales and show a photoconductance of 0.28(1) cm2 V-1 s-1, the highest among CdSe NC solids reported. Atomic-layer deposition of a thin Al2O3 layer infiltrates and protects the structure from fusing into a polycrystalline thin film during annealing and further improves the photoconductance to 1.71(5) cm2 V-1 s-1 and the diffusion length to 760 nm. We fabricate field-effect transistors to study carrier transport at micron length scales and realize high electron mobilities of 35(3) cm2 V-1 s-1 with on-off ratios of 106 after doping.
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Khabibullin AR, Efros AL, Erwin SC. The role of ligands in electron transport in nanocrystal solids. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:23028-23035. [PMID: 33200157 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr06892f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We investigate theoretically the transport of electrons and holes in crystalline solids consisting of three-dimensional arrays of semiconductor nanocrystals passivated by two types of organic ligands-linear chain carboxylates and functionalized aromatic cinnamates. We focus on a critical quantity in transport: the quantum-mechanical overlap of the strongly confined electron and hole wavefunctions on neighboring nanocrystals. Using results from density-functional-theory (DFT) calculations, we construct a one-dimensional model system whose analytic wavefunctions reproduce the full DFT numerical overlap values. By investigating the analytic behavior of this model, we reveal several important features of electron transport. The most significant is that the wavefunction overlap decays exponentially with ligand length, with a characteristic decay length that depends primarily on properties of the ligand and is almost independent of the size and type of nanocrystal. Functionalization of the ligands can also affect the overlap by changing the height of the tunneling barrier. The physically transparent analytic expressions we obtain for the wavefunction overlap and its decay length should be useful for future efforts to control transport in nanocrystal solids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artem R Khabibullin
- NRC Research Associate, Resident at Center for Computational Materials Science, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, USA
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