1
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Zou K, Deng W, Silvester DS, Zou G, Hou H, Banks CE, Li L, Hu J, Ji X. Carbonyl Chemistry for Advanced Electrochemical Energy Storage Systems. ACS NANO 2024. [PMID: 39074061 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c02307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
On the basis of the sustainable concept, organic compounds and carbon materials both mainly composed of light C element have been regarded as powerful candidates for advanced electrochemical energy storage (EES) systems, due to theie merits of low cost, eco-friendliness, renewability, and structural versatility. It is investigated that the carbonyl functionality as the most common constituent part serves a crucial role, which manifests respective different mechanisms in the various aspects of EES systems. Notably, a systematical review about the concept and progress for carbonyl chemistry is beneficial for ensuring in-depth comprehending of carbonyl functionality. Hence, a comprehensive review about carbonyl chemistry has been summarized based on state-of-the-art developments. Moreover, the working principles and fundamental properties of the carbonyl unit have been discussed, which has been generalized in three aspects, including redox activity, the interaction effect, and compensation characteristic. Meanwhile, the pivotal characterization technologies have also been illustrated for purposefully studying the related structure, redox mechanism, and electrochemical performance to profitably understand the carbonyl chemistry. Finally, the current challenges and promising directions are concluded, aiming to afford significant guidance for the optimal utilization of carbonyl moiety and propel practicality in EES systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangyu Zou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha 410114, China
| | - Wentao Deng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Debbie S Silvester
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, Western Australia 6845, Australia
| | - Guoqiang Zou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Hongshuai Hou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Craig E Banks
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Chester Street, Manchester M1 5GD, United Kingdom
| | - Lingjun Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha 410114, China
| | - Jiugang Hu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Xiaobo Ji
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
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2
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Zhang B, Zhang H, Luo H, Hua H, Wu X, Chen Y, Zhou S, Yin J, Zhang K, Liao HG, Wang Q, Zou Y, Qiao Y, Sun SG. Manipulated Fluoro-Ether Derived Nucleophilic Decomposition Products for Mitigating Polarization-Induced Capacity Loss in Li-Rich Layered Cathode. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202316790. [PMID: 38116869 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202316790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Electrolyte engineering is a fascinating choice to improve the performance of Li-rich layered oxide cathodes (LRLO) for high-energy lithium-ion batteries. However, many existing electrolyte designs and adjustment principles tend to overlook the unique challenges posed by LRLO, particularly the nucleophilic attack. Here, we introduce an electrolyte modification by locally replacing carbonate solvents in traditional electrolytes with a fluoro-ether. By benefit of the decomposition of fluoro-ether under nucleophilic O-related attacks, which delivers an excellent passivation layer with LiF and polymers, possessing rigidity and flexibility on the LRLO surface. More importantly, the fluoro-ether acts as "sutures", ensuring the integrity and stability of both interfacial and bulk structures, which contributed to suppressing severe polarization and enhancing the cycling capacity retention from 39 % to 78 % after 300 cycles for the 4.8 V-class LRLO. This key electrolyte strategy with comprehensive analysis, provides new insights into addressing nucleophilic challenge for high-energy anionic redox related cathode systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baodan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
- Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Energy Materials of China (Tan Kah Kee Innovation Laboratory), Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Haitang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Haiyan Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Haiming Hua
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Xiaohong Wu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Materials and Applications, Institute of Advanced Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen, 361024, P. R. China
| | - Yilong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Shiyuan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Jianhua Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Kang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Hong-Gang Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Qingsong Wang
- Bavarian Center for Battery Technology (BayBatt), Department of Chemistry, University of Bayreuth, 95447, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Yeguo Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
- Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Energy Materials of China (Tan Kah Kee Innovation Laboratory), Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Yu Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
- Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Energy Materials of China (Tan Kah Kee Innovation Laboratory), Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Shi-Gang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
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3
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Sayavong P, Zhang W, Oyakhire ST, Boyle DT, Chen Y, Kim SC, Vilá RA, Holmes SE, Kim MS, Bent SF, Bao Z, Cui Y. Dissolution of the Solid Electrolyte Interphase and Its Effects on Lithium Metal Anode Cyclability. J Am Chem Soc 2023. [PMID: 37220230 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c03195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
At >95% Coulombic efficiencies, most of the capacity loss for Li metal anodes (LMAs) is through the formation and growth of the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI). However, the mechanism through which this happens remains unclear. One property of the SEI that directly affects its formation and growth is the SEI's solubility in the electrolyte. Here, we systematically quantify and compare the solubility of SEIs derived from ether-based electrolytes optimized for LMAs using in-operando electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance (EQCM). A correlation among solubility, passivity, and cyclability established in this work reveals that SEI dissolution is a major contributor to the differences in passivity and electrochemical performance among battery electrolytes. Together with our EQCM, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy results, we show that solubility depends on not only the SEI's composition but also the properties of the electrolyte. This provides a crucial piece of information that could help minimize capacity loss due to SEI formation and growth during battery cycling and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philaphon Sayavong
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-6104, United States
| | - Wenbo Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-6104, United States
| | - Solomon T Oyakhire
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-6104, United States
| | - David T Boyle
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-6104, United States
| | - Yuelang Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-6104, United States
| | - Sang Cheol Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-6104, United States
| | - Rafael A Vilá
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-6104, United States
| | - Sarah E Holmes
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-6104, United States
| | - Mun Sek Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-6104, United States
| | - Stacey F Bent
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-6104, United States
| | - Zhenan Bao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-6104, United States
| | - Yi Cui
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-6104, United States
- Stanford Institute for Materials Energy and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
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4
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Luo H, Zhang B, Zhang H, Zheng Q, Wu X, Yan Y, Li Z, Tang Y, Hao W, Liu G, Hong YH, Ye J, Qiao Y, Sun SG. Full-Dimensional Analysis of Electrolyte Decomposition on Cathode-Electrolyte Interface: Establishing Characterization Paradigm on LiNi 0.6Co 0.2Mn 0.2O 2 Cathode with Potential Dependence. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:4565-4574. [PMID: 37161991 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c00674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Cathode electrolyte interphase (CEI) layers derived from electrolyte oxidative decomposition can passivate the cathode surface and prevent its direct contact with electrolyte. The inorganics-dominated inner solid electrolyte layer (SEL) and organics-rich outer quasi-solid-electrolyte layer (qSEL) constitute the CEI layer, and both merge at the junction without a clear boundary, which assures the CEI layer with both ionic-conducting and electron-blocking properties. However, the typical "wash-then-test" pattern of characterizations aiming at the microstructure of CEI layers would dissolve the qSEL and even destroy the SEL, leading to an overanalysis of electrolyte decomposition pathway and misassignment of CEI architecture (e.g., component and morphology). In this study, we established a full-dimensional characterization paradigm (combining Fourier transform infrared, solution NMR, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and mass spectrometry technologies) and reconstructed the original CEI layer model. Besides, the feasibility of this characterization paradigm has been verified in a wide operating voltage range on a typical LiNixMnyCozO2 cathode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, PR China
| | - Baodan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, PR China
| | - Haitang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, PR China
| | - Qizheng Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, PR China
| | - Xiaohong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, PR China
| | - Yawen Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, PR China
| | - Zhengang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, PR China
| | - Yonglin Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, PR China
| | - Weiwei Hao
- Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Energy Materials of China (Tan Kah Kee Innovation Laboratory), Xiamen 361005, PR China
| | - Gaowa Liu
- Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Energy Materials of China (Tan Kah Kee Innovation Laboratory), Xiamen 361005, PR China
| | - Yu-Hao Hong
- Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Energy Materials of China (Tan Kah Kee Innovation Laboratory), Xiamen 361005, PR China
| | - Jinyu Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, PR China
| | - Yu Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, PR China
- Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Energy Materials of China (Tan Kah Kee Innovation Laboratory), Xiamen 361005, PR China
| | - Shi-Gang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, PR China
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5
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Lyu D, Jin Y, Magusin PCMM, Sturniolo S, Zhao EW, Yamamoto S, Keene ST, Malliaras GG, Grey CP. Operando NMR electrochemical gating studies of ion dynamics in PEDOT:PSS. NATURE MATERIALS 2023:10.1038/s41563-023-01524-1. [PMID: 37081171 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-023-01524-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Although organic mixed ionic-electronic conductors are widely proposed for use in bioelectronics, energy generation/storage and neuromorphic computing, our fundamental understanding of the charge-compensating interactions between the ionic and electronic carriers and the dynamics of ions remains poor, particularly for hydrated devices and on electrochemical cycling. Here we show that operando 23Na and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy can quantify cation and water movement during the doping/dedoping of films comprising the widely used mixed conductor poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene) poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS). A distinct 23Na quadrupolar splitting is observed due to the partial ordering of the PSS chains within the PEDOT:PSS-rich domains, with respect to the substrate. Operando 23Na NMR studies reveal a close-to-linear correlation between the quadrupolar splitting and the charge stored, which is quantitatively explained by a model in which the holes on the PEDOT backbone are bound to the PSS SO3- groups; an increase in hole concentration during doping inversely correlates with the number of Na+ ions bound to the PSS chains within the PEDOT-rich ordered domains, leading to a decrease in ions within the ordered regions and a decrease in quadrupolar splitting. The Na+-to-electron coupling efficiency, measured via 23Na NMR intensity changes, is close to 100% when using a 1 M NaCl electrolyte. Operando 1H NMR spectroscopy confirms that the Na+ ions injected into/extracted from the wet films are hydrated. These findings shed light on the working principles of organic mixed conductors and demonstrate the utility of operando NMR spectroscopy in revealing structure-property relationships in electroactive polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongxun Lyu
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Yanting Jin
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Pieter C M M Magusin
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- HU University of Applied Sciences Utrecht, Institute for Life Sciences & Chemistry, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Simone Sturniolo
- Science and Technology Facilities Council, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, UK
| | - Evan Wenbo Zhao
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Magnetic Resonance Research Center, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Faculty of Science, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Shunsuke Yamamoto
- Electrical Engineering Division, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Scott T Keene
- Electrical Engineering Division, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - George G Malliaras
- Electrical Engineering Division, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Clare P Grey
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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6
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Allen J, Grey CP. Solution NMR of Battery Electrolytes: Assessing and Mitigating Spectral Broadening Caused by Transition Metal Dissolution. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2023; 127:4425-4438. [PMID: 36925561 PMCID: PMC10009815 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.2c08274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
NMR spectroscopy is a powerful tool that is commonly used to assess the degradation of lithium-ion battery electrolyte solutions. However, dissolution of paramagnetic Ni2+ and Mn2+ ions from cathode materials may affect the NMR spectra of the electrolyte solution, with the unpaired electron spins in these paramagnetic solutes inducing rapid nuclear relaxation and spectral broadening (and often peak shifts). This work establishes how dissolved Ni2+ and Mn2+ in LiPF6 electrolyte solutions affect 1H, 19F, and 31P NMR spectra of pristine and degraded electrolyte solutions, including whether the peaks from degradation species are at risk of being lost and whether the spectral broadening can be mitigated. Mn2+ is shown to cause far greater peak broadening than Ni2+, with the effect of Mn2+ observable at just 10 μM. Generally, 19F peaks from PF6 - degradation species are most affected by the presence of the paramagnetic metals, followed by 31P and 1H peaks. Surprisingly, when NMR solvents are added to acquire the spectra, the degree of broadening is heavily solvent-dependent, following the trend of solvent donor number (increased broadening with lower solvent donicity). Severe spectral broadening is shown to occur whether Mn is introduced via the salt Mn(TFSI)2 or is dissolved from LiMn2O4. We show that the weak 19F and 31P peaks in spectra of electrolyte samples containing micromolar levels of dissolved Mn2+ are broadened to an extent that they are no longer visible, but this broadening can be minimized by diluting electrolyte samples with a suitably coordinating NMR solvent. Li3PO4 addition to the sample is also shown to return 19F and 31P spectral resolution by precipitating Mn2+ out of electrolyte samples, although this method consumes any HF in the electrolyte solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer
P. Allen
- Yusuf
Hamied Department of Chemistry, University
of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- The
Faraday Institution, Quad One, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0RA, United Kingdom
| | - Clare P. Grey
- Yusuf
Hamied Department of Chemistry, University
of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- The
Faraday Institution, Quad One, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0RA, United Kingdom
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7
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Dopilka A, Gu Y, Larson JM, Zorba V, Kostecki R. Nano-FTIR Spectroscopy of the Solid Electrolyte Interphase Layer on a Thin-Film Silicon Li-Ion Anode. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:6755-6767. [PMID: 36696964 PMCID: PMC9923681 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c19484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Si anodes for Li-ion batteries are notorious for their large volume expansion during lithiation and the corresponding detrimental effects on cycle life. However, calendar life is the primary roadblock for widespread adoption. During calendar life aging, the main origin of impedance increase and capacity fade is attributed to the instability of the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI). In this work, we use ex situ nano-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy to characterize the structure and composition of the SEI layer on amorphous Si thin films after an accelerated calendar aging protocol. The characterization of the SEI on non-washed and washed electrodes shows that brief washing in dimethyl carbonate results in large changes to the film chemistry and topography. Detailed examination of the non-washed electrodes during the first lithiation and after an accelerated calendar aging protocol reveals that PF6- and its decomposition products tend to accumulate in the SEI due to the preferential transport of PF6- ions through polyethylene oxide-like species in the organic part of the SEI layer. This work demonstrates the importance of evaluating the SEI layer in its intrinsic, undisturbed form and new strategies to improve the passivation of the SEI layer are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Dopilka
- Energy
Storage and Distributed Resources Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Yueran Gu
- Energy
Storage and Distributed Resources Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, University of
California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Jonathan M. Larson
- Energy
Storage and Distributed Resources Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Vassilia Zorba
- Energy
Storage and Distributed Resources Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, University of
California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Robert Kostecki
- Energy
Storage and Distributed Resources Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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8
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Simari C, Tuccillo M, Brutti S, Nicotera I. Sodiated Nafion membranes for sodium metal aprotic batteries. Electrochim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2022.139936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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9
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Dose W, Temprano I, Allen JP, Björklund E, O’Keefe CA, Li W, Mehdi BL, Weatherup RS, De Volder MFL, Grey CP. Electrolyte Reactivity at the Charged Ni-Rich Cathode Interface and Degradation in Li-Ion Batteries. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:13206-13222. [PMID: 35258927 PMCID: PMC9098117 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c22812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The chemical and electrochemical reactions at the positive electrode-electrolyte interface in Li-ion batteries are hugely influential on cycle life and safety. Ni-rich layered transition metal oxides exhibit higher interfacial reactivity than their lower Ni-content analogues, reacting via mechanisms that are poorly understood. Here, we study the pivotal role of the electrolyte solvent, specifically cyclic ethylene carbonate (EC) and linear ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC), in determining the interfacial reactivity at charged LiNi0.33Mn0.33Co0.33O2 (NMC111) and LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2 (NMC811) cathodes by using both single-solvent model electrolytes and the mixed solvents used in commercial cells. While NMC111 exhibits similar parasitic currents with EC-containing and EC-free electrolytes during high voltage holds in NMC/Li4Ti5O12 (LTO) cells, this is not the case for NMC811. Online gas analysis reveals that the solvent-dependent reactivity for Ni-rich cathodes is related to the extent of lattice oxygen release and accompanying electrolyte decomposition, which is higher for EC-containing than EC-free electrolytes. Combined findings from electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), TEM, solution NMR, ICP, and XPS reveal that the electrolyte solvent has a profound impact on the degradation of the Ni-rich cathode and the electrolyte. Higher lattice oxygen release with EC-containing electrolytes is coupled with higher cathode interfacial impedance, a thicker oxygen-deficient rock-salt surface reconstruction layer, more electrolyte solvent and salt breakdown, and higher amounts of transition metal dissolution. These processes are suppressed in the EC-free electrolyte, highlighting the incompatibility between Ni-rich cathodes and conventional electrolyte solvents. Finally, new mechanistic insights into the chemical oxidation pathways of electrolyte solvents and, critically, the knock-on chemical and electrochemical reactions that further degrade the electrolyte and electrodes curtailing battery lifetime are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wesley
M. Dose
- Department
of Engineering, University of Cambridge, 17 Charles Babbage Road, CB3 0FS Cambridge, U.K.
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K.
- The
Faraday Institution, Quad One, Harwell Science
and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0RA, U.K.
| | - Israel Temprano
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K.
| | - Jennifer P. Allen
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K.
- The
Faraday Institution, Quad One, Harwell Science
and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0RA, U.K.
| | - Erik Björklund
- The
Faraday Institution, Quad One, Harwell Science
and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0RA, U.K.
- Department
of Materials, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PH, U.K.
| | - Christopher A. O’Keefe
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K.
- The
Faraday Institution, Quad One, Harwell Science
and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0RA, U.K.
| | - Weiqun Li
- The
Faraday Institution, Quad One, Harwell Science
and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0RA, U.K.
- Department
of Mechanical, Materials and Aerospace Engineering, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GH, U.K.
| | - B. Layla Mehdi
- The
Faraday Institution, Quad One, Harwell Science
and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0RA, U.K.
- Department
of Mechanical, Materials and Aerospace Engineering, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GH, U.K.
| | - Robert S. Weatherup
- The
Faraday Institution, Quad One, Harwell Science
and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0RA, U.K.
- Department
of Materials, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PH, U.K.
| | - Michael F. L. De Volder
- Department
of Engineering, University of Cambridge, 17 Charles Babbage Road, CB3 0FS Cambridge, U.K.
- The
Faraday Institution, Quad One, Harwell Science
and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0RA, U.K.
| | - Clare P. Grey
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K.
- The
Faraday Institution, Quad One, Harwell Science
and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0RA, U.K.
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Wu R, Matta M, Paulsen BD, Rivnay J. Operando Characterization of Organic Mixed Ionic/Electronic Conducting Materials. Chem Rev 2022; 122:4493-4551. [PMID: 35026108 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Operando characterization plays an important role in revealing the structure-property relationships of organic mixed ionic/electronic conductors (OMIECs), enabling the direct observation of dynamic changes during device operation and thus guiding the development of new materials. This review focuses on the application of different operando characterization techniques in the study of OMIECs, highlighting the time-dependent and bias-dependent structure, composition, and morphology information extracted from these techniques. We first illustrate the needs, requirements, and challenges of operando characterization then provide an overview of relevant experimental techniques, including spectroscopy, scattering, microbalance, microprobe, and electron microscopy. We also compare different in silico methods and discuss the interplay of these computational methods with experimental techniques. Finally, we provide an outlook on the future development of operando for OMIEC-based devices and look toward multimodal operando techniques for more comprehensive and accurate description of OMIECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiheng Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Micaela Matta
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZD, United Kingdom
| | - Bryan D Paulsen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Jonathan Rivnay
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States.,Simpson Querrey Institute, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
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12
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Geng F, Yang Q, Li C, Hu B, Zhao C, Shen M, Hu B. Operando EPR and EPR Imaging Study on a NaCrO 2 Cathode: Electronic Property and Structural Degradation with Cr Dissolution. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:781-786. [PMID: 33410689 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c03327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
NaCrO2 is a potential cathode material for sodium-ion batteries due to its low cost, safety, and high power. It is necessary to further understand its electronic property during cycling in advance of practical application. In this work, operando EPR is carried out to monitor the evolution of the electronic structure for NaCrO2 cycled between 2.2-3.6 V and 2.2-4.5 V. We discover that electronic delocalization takes place at the early stage of charge, which may account for the excellent rate performance. In addition, via EPR imaging, an EPR signal associated with the irreversible phase transition at 3.8 V is located in the electrolyte, which is then attributed to the Cr5+ ions dissolved with the surface reconstruction. These findings may help researchers to better design and modify the Cr-based cathode materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fushan Geng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, P.R. China
| | - Qi Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, P.R. China
| | - Chao Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, P.R. China
| | - Bei Hu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, P.R. China
| | - Chong Zhao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, P.R. China
| | - Ming Shen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, P.R. China
| | - Bingwen Hu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, P.R. China
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13
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Ge A, Inoue KI, Ye S. Probing the electrode-solution interfaces in rechargeable batteries by sum-frequency generation spectroscopy. J Chem Phys 2020; 153:170902. [PMID: 33167651 DOI: 10.1063/5.0026283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
An in-depth understanding of the electrode-electrolyte interaction and electrochemical reactions at the electrode-solution interfaces in rechargeable batteries is essential to develop novel electrolytes and electrode materials with high performance. In this perspective, we highlight the advantages of the interface-specific sum-frequency generation (SFG) spectroscopy on the studies of the electrode-solution interface for the Li-ion and Li-O2 batteries. The SFG studies in probing solvent adsorption structures and solid-electrolyte interphase formation for the Li-ion battery are briefly reviewed. Recent progress on the SFG study of the oxygen reaction mechanisms and stability of the electrolyte in the Li-O2 battery is also discussed. Finally, we present the current perspective and future directions in the SFG studies on the electrode-electrolyte interfaces toward providing deeper insight into the mechanisms of discharging/charging and parasitic reactions in novel rechargeable battery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aimin Ge
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Inoue
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Shen Ye
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
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Henschel J, Peschel C, Klein S, Horsthemke F, Winter M, Nowak S. Clarification of Decomposition Pathways in a State-of-the-Art Lithium Ion Battery Electrolyte through 13 C-Labeling of Electrolyte Components. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:6128-6137. [PMID: 32012404 PMCID: PMC7187180 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202000727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The decomposition of state-of-the-art lithium ion battery (LIB) electrolytes leads to a highly complex mixture during battery cell operation. Furthermore, thermal strain by e.g., fast charging can initiate the degradation and generate various compounds. The correlation of electrolyte decomposition products and LIB performance fading over life-time is mainly unknown. The thermal and electrochemical degradation in electrolytes comprising 1 m LiPF6 dissolved in 13 C3 -labeled ethylene carbonate (EC) and unlabeled diethyl carbonate is investigated and the corresponding reaction pathways are postulated. Furthermore, a fragmentation mechanism assumption for oligomeric compounds is depicted. Soluble decomposition products classes are examined and evaluated with liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry. This study proposes a formation scheme for oligo phosphates as well as contradictory findings regarding phosphate-carbonates, disproving monoglycolate methyl/ethyl carbonate as the central reactive species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Henschel
- University of MünsterMEET Battery Research CenterCorrensstraße 4648149MünsterGermany
| | - Christoph Peschel
- University of MünsterMEET Battery Research CenterCorrensstraße 4648149MünsterGermany
| | - Sven Klein
- University of MünsterMEET Battery Research CenterCorrensstraße 4648149MünsterGermany
| | - Fabian Horsthemke
- University of MünsterMEET Battery Research CenterCorrensstraße 4648149MünsterGermany
| | - Martin Winter
- University of MünsterMEET Battery Research CenterCorrensstraße 4648149MünsterGermany
- Helmholtz-Institute Münster, IEK-12Forschungszentrum JülichCorrensstraße 4648149MünsterGermany
| | - Sascha Nowak
- University of MünsterMEET Battery Research CenterCorrensstraße 4648149MünsterGermany
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15
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Henschel J, Peschel C, Klein S, Horsthemke F, Winter M, Nowak S. Clarification of Decomposition Pathways in a State‐of‐the‐Art Lithium Ion Battery Electrolyte through
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C‐Labeling of Electrolyte Components. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202000727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Henschel
- University of MünsterMEET Battery Research Center Corrensstraße 46 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Christoph Peschel
- University of MünsterMEET Battery Research Center Corrensstraße 46 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Sven Klein
- University of MünsterMEET Battery Research Center Corrensstraße 46 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Fabian Horsthemke
- University of MünsterMEET Battery Research Center Corrensstraße 46 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Martin Winter
- University of MünsterMEET Battery Research Center Corrensstraße 46 48149 Münster Germany
- Helmholtz-Institute Münster, IEK-12Forschungszentrum Jülich Corrensstraße 46 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Sascha Nowak
- University of MünsterMEET Battery Research Center Corrensstraße 46 48149 Münster Germany
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