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Lin W, Su W, Lin T, Wang S, Chen J, Gao A, Lyu Y, Xiao D, Zhang Q, Gu L. New Insight into Bulk Structural Degradation of High-Voltage LiCoO 2 at 4.55 V. NANO LETTERS 2024. [PMID: 38842462 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c00688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
The aggravated mechanical and structural degradation of layered oxide cathode materials upon high-voltage charging invariably causes fast capacity fading, but the underlying degradation mechanisms remain elusive. Here we report a new type of mechanical degradation through the formation of a kink band in a Mg and Ti co-doped LiCoO2 cathode charged to 4.55 V (vs Li/Li+). The local stress accommodated by the kink band can impede crack propagation, improving the structural integrity in a highly delithiated state. Additionally, machine-learning-aided atomic-resolution imaging reveals that the formation of kink bands is often accompanied by the transformation from the O3 to O1 phase, which is energetically favorable as demonstrated by first-principles calculations. Our results provide new insights into the mechanical degradation mechanism of high-voltage LiCoO2 and the coupling between electrochemically triggered mechanical failures and structural transition, which may provide valuable guidance for enhancing the electrochemical performance of high-voltage layered oxide cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiguang Lin
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Wei Su
- Materials Genome Institute, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P. R. China
| | - Ting Lin
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Shiyu Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Jing Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Ang Gao
- Beijing National Center for Electron Microscopy and Laboratory of Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Yingchun Lyu
- Materials Genome Institute, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P. R. China
| | - Dongdong Xiao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Qinghua Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Lin Gu
- Beijing National Center for Electron Microscopy and Laboratory of Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
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2
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Lin C, Li J, Yin ZW, Huang W, Zhao Q, Weng Q, Liu Q, Sun J, Chen G, Pan F. Structural Understanding for High-Voltage Stabilization of Lithium Cobalt Oxide. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2307404. [PMID: 37870392 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202307404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
The rapid development of modern consumer electronics is placing higher demands on the lithium cobalt oxide (LiCoO2 ; LCO) cathode that powers them. Increasing operating voltage is exclusively effective in boosting LCO capacity and energy density but is inhibited by the innate high-voltage instability of the LCO structure that serves as the foundation and determinant of its electrochemical behavior in lithium-ion batteries. This has stimulated extensive research on LCO structural stabilization. Here, it is focused on the fundamental structural understanding of LCO cathode from long-term studies. Multi-scale structures concerning LCO bulk and surface and various structural issues along with their origins and corresponding stabilization strategies with specific mechanisms are uncovered and elucidated at length, which will certainly deepen and advance the knowledge of LCO structure and further its inherent relationship with electrochemical performance. Based on these understandings, remaining questions and opportunities for future stabilization of the LCO structure are also emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Lin
- School of Advanced Materials, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Jianyuan Li
- School of Advanced Materials, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Zu-Wei Yin
- School of Advanced Materials, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Weiyuan Huang
- School of Advanced Materials, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Qinghe Zhao
- School of Advanced Materials, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Qingsong Weng
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Junliang Sun
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Guohua Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Feng Pan
- School of Advanced Materials, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, China
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3
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Ji H, Wang J, Ma J, Cheng HM, Zhou G. Fundamentals, status and challenges of direct recycling technologies for lithium ion batteries. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:8194-8244. [PMID: 37886791 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00254c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Advancement in energy storage technologies is closely related to social development. However, a significant conflict has arisen between the explosive growth in battery demand and resource availability. Facing the upcoming large-scale disposal problem of spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), their recycling technology development has become key. Emerging direct recycling has attracted widespread attention in recent years because it aims to 'repair' the battery materials, rather than break them down and extract valuable products from their components. To achieve this goal, a profound understanding of the failure mechanisms of spent LIB electrode materials is essential. This review summarizes the failure mechanisms of LIB cathode and anode materials and the direct recycling strategies developed. We systematically explore the correlation between the failure mechanism and the required repair process to achieve efficient and even upcycling of spent LIB electrode materials. Furthermore, we systematically introduce advanced in situ characterization techniques that can be utilized for investigating direct recycling processes. We then compare different direct recycling strategies, focussing on their respective advantages and disadvantages and their applicability to different materials. It is our belief that this review will offer valuable guidelines for the design and selection of LIB direct recycling methods in future endeavors. Finally, the opportunities and challenges for the future of battery direct recycling technology are discussed, paving the way for its further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haocheng Ji
- Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute & Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Junxiong Wang
- Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute & Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
- Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Jun Ma
- Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute & Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Hui-Ming Cheng
- Faculty of Materials Science and Energy Engineering & Institute of Technology for Carbon Neutrality, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China.
| | - Guangmin Zhou
- Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute & Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
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4
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Zhang J, Wong D, Zhang Q, Zhang N, Schulz C, Bartkowiak M, An K, Gu L, Hu Z, Liu X. Reducing Co/O Band Overlap through Spin State Modulation for Stabilized High Capability of 4.6 V LiCoO 2. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:10208-10219. [PMID: 37098172 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c01128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
Abstract
High-voltage LiCoO2 (LCO) attracts great interest because of its large specific capacity, but it suffers from oxygen release, structural degradation, and quick capacity drop. These daunting issues root from the inferior thermodynamics and kinetics of the triggered oxygen anion redox (OAR) at high voltages. Herein, a tuned redox mechanism with almost only Co redox is demonstrated by atomically engineered high-spin LCO. The high-spin Co network reduces the Co/O band overlap, eliminates the adverse phase transition of O3 → H1-3, delays the exceeding of the O 2p band over the Fermi level, and suppresses excessive O → Co charge transfer at high voltages. This function intrinsically promotes Co redox and restrains O redox, fundamentally addressing the issues of O2 release and coupled detrimental Co reduction. Moreover, the chemomechanical heterogeneity caused by different kinetics of Co/O redox centers and the inferior rate performance limited by slow O redox kinetics is simultaneously improved owing to the suppression of slow OAR and the excitation of fast Co redox. The modulated LCO delivers ultrahigh rate capacities of 216 mAh g-1 (1C) and 195 mAh g-1(5C), as well as high capacity retentions of 90.4% (@100 cycles) and 86.9% (@500 cycles). This work sheds new light on the design for a wide range of O redox cathodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jicheng Zhang
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Deniz Wong
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, Berlin D-14109, Germany
| | - Qinghua Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Nian Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, P. R. China
| | - Christian Schulz
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, Berlin D-14109, Germany
| | - Maciej Bartkowiak
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, Berlin D-14109, Germany
| | - Ke An
- Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, United States
| | - Lin Gu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Zhongbo Hu
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Xiangfeng Liu
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
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5
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Hou A, Huang C, Tsai C, Huang C, Schierholz R, Lo H, Tempel H, Kungl H, Eichel R, Chang J, Wu W. All-Solid-State Garnet-Based Lithium Batteries at Work-In Operando TEM Investigations of Delithiation/Lithiation Process and Capacity Degradation Mechanism. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2205012. [PMID: 36529956 PMCID: PMC9929109 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202205012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Li7 La3 Zr2 O12 (LLZO)-based all-solid-state Li batteries (SSLBs) are very attractive next-generation energy storage devices owing to their potential for achieving enhanced safety and improved energy density. However, the rigid nature of the ceramics challenges the SSLB fabrication and the afterward interfacial stability during electrochemical cycling. Here, a promising LLZO-based SSLB with a high areal capacity and stable cycle performance over 100 cycles is demonstrated. In operando transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is used for successfully demonstrating and investigating the delithiation/lithiation process and understanding the capacity degradation mechanism of the SSLB on an atomic scale. Other than the interfacial delamination between LLZO and LiCoO2 (LCO) owing to the stress evolvement during electrochemical cycling, oxygen deficiency of LCO not only causes microcrack formation in LCO but also partially decomposes LCO into metallic Co and is suggested to contribute to the capacity degradation based on the atomic-scale insights. When discharging the SSLB to a voltage of ≈1.2 versus Li/Li+ , severe capacity fading from the irreversible decomposition of LCO into metallic Co and Li2 O is observed under in operando TEM. These observations reveal the capacity degradation mechanisms of the LLZO-based SSLB, which provides important information for future LLZO-based SSLB developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- An‐Yuan Hou
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringNational Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityHsinchu30010Taiwan
| | - Chih‐Yang Huang
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringNational Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityHsinchu30010Taiwan
| | - Chih‐Long Tsai
- Institut für Energie– und Klimaforschung (IEK‐9: Grundlagen der Elektrochemie)Forschungszentrum JülichD‐52425JülichGermany
| | - Chun‐Wei Huang
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringFeng Chia UniversityNo. 100, Wenhwa RdSeatwenTaichung40724Taiwan
| | - Roland Schierholz
- Institut für Energie– und Klimaforschung (IEK‐9: Grundlagen der Elektrochemie)Forschungszentrum JülichD‐52425JülichGermany
| | - Hung‐Yang Lo
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringNational Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityHsinchu30010Taiwan
| | - Hermann Tempel
- Institut für Energie– und Klimaforschung (IEK‐9: Grundlagen der Elektrochemie)Forschungszentrum JülichD‐52425JülichGermany
| | - Hans Kungl
- Institut für Energie– und Klimaforschung (IEK‐9: Grundlagen der Elektrochemie)Forschungszentrum JülichD‐52425JülichGermany
| | - Rüdiger‐A. Eichel
- Institut für Energie– und Klimaforschung (IEK‐9: Grundlagen der Elektrochemie)Forschungszentrum JülichD‐52425JülichGermany
- Institut für Materialien und Prozesse für elektrochemische Energiespeicher– und wandlerRWTH Aachen UniversityD‐52074AachenGermany
- Institut für Energie– und Klimaforschung (IEK–12: Helmholtz–Institute MünsterIonics in Energy Storage)Forschungszentrum JülichD‐48149MünsterGermany
| | - Jeng‐Kuei Chang
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringNational Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityHsinchu30010Taiwan
| | - Wen‐Wei Wu
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringNational Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityHsinchu30010Taiwan
- Center for the Intelligent Semiconductor Nano‐system Technology ResearchHsinchu30078Taiwan
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6
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Investigation of degradation mechanism of LiCoO2/graphite batteries with multiscale characterization. Electrochim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2022.141374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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7
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Sustainable LiCoO 2 by collective glide of CoO 6 slabs upon charge/discharge. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2120060119. [PMID: 35561218 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2120060119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
SignificanceTraditional views indicate that the well-known layered LiCoO2 cathode delivers a typical solid-solution reaction upon delithiation. The problem is that "solid solution" is a vague concept, and the phase transition remains ambiguous. Here, we reveal a mechanism with the collective and quasi-continuous glide of CoO6 slabs in layered LiCoO2 through combining in situ XRD and ex situ STEM characterizations. Such a delithiation mechanism does not involve the nucleation-and-growth-type delithiation process and represents a completely different manner from the conventional two-phase or solid solution-phase transition processes. The lessons provide a different insight into understanding the working mechanism of layered oxide materials.
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8
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Kong W, Zhang J, Wong D, Yang W, Yang J, Schulz C, Liu X. Tailoring Co3d and O2p Band Centers to Inhibit Oxygen Escape for Stable 4.6 V LiCoO
2
Cathodes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202112508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Weijin Kong
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Technology University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Jicheng Zhang
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Technology University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Deniz Wong
- Helmholtz-Center Berlin for Materials and Energy Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1 14109 Berlin Germany
| | - Wenyun Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics School of Physics Peking University Beijing 100871 China
| | - Jinbo Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics School of Physics Peking University Beijing 100871 China
| | - Christian Schulz
- Helmholtz-Center Berlin for Materials and Energy Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1 14109 Berlin Germany
| | - Xiangfeng Liu
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Technology University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
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9
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Kong W, Zhang J, Wong D, Yang W, Yang J, Schulz C, Liu X. Tailoring Co3d and O2p Band Centers to Inhibit Oxygen Escape for Stable 4.6 V LiCoO 2 Cathodes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:27102-27112. [PMID: 34668282 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202112508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
High-voltage LiCoO2 delivers a high capacity but sharp fading is a critical issue, and the capacity decay mechanism is also poorly understood. Herein, we clarify that the escape of surface oxygen and Li-insulator Co3 O4 formation are the main causes for the capacity fading of 4.6 V LiCoO2 . We propose the inhibition of the oxygen escape for achieving stable 4.6 V LiCoO2 by tailoring the Co3d and O2p band center and enlarging their band gap with MgF2 doping. This enhances the ionicity of the Co-O bond and the redox activity of Co and improves cation migration reversibility. The inhibition of oxygen escape suppresses the formation of Li-insulator Co3 O4 and maintains the surface structure integrity. Mg acts as a pillar, providing a stable and enlarged channel for fast Li+ intercalation/extraction. The modulated LiCoO2 shows almost zero strain and achieves a record capacity retention at 4.6 V: 92 % after 100 cycles at 1C and 86.4 % after 1000 cycles at 5C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijin Kong
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Jicheng Zhang
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Deniz Wong
- Helmholtz-Center Berlin for Materials and Energy, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109, Berlin, Germany
| | - Wenyun Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Jinbo Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Christian Schulz
- Helmholtz-Center Berlin for Materials and Energy, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109, Berlin, Germany
| | - Xiangfeng Liu
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China.,CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
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10
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Cheng T, Cheng Q, He Y, Ge M, Feng Z, Li P, Huang Y, Zheng J, Lyu Y, Guo B. A Hybrid Ionic and Electronic Conductive Coating Layer for Enhanced Electrochemical Performance of 4.6 V LiCoO 2. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:42917-42926. [PMID: 34478622 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c12882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The LiCoO2 cathode undergoes undesirable electrochemical performance when cycled with a high cut-off voltage (≥4.5 V versus Li/Li+). The unstable interface with poor kinetics is one of the main contributors to the performance failure. Hence, a hybrid Li-ion conductor (Li1.5Al0.5Ge1.5P3O12) and electron conductor (Al-doped ZnO) coating layer was built on the LiCoO2 surface. Characterization studies prove that a thick and conductive layer is homogeneously covered on LiCoO2 particles. The coating layer can not only enhance the interfacial ionic and electronic transport kinetics but also act as a protective layer to suppress the side reactions between the cathode and electrolyte. The modified LiCoO2 (HC-LCO) achieves an excellent cycling stability (77.1% capacity retention after 350 cycles at 1C) and rate capability (139.8 mAh g-1 at 10C) at 3.0-4.6 V. Investigations show that the protective layer can inhibit the particle cracks and Co dissolution and stabilize the cathode electrolyte interface (CEI). Furthermore, the irreversible phase transformation is still observed on the HC-LCO surface, indicating the phase transformation of the LiCoO2 surface may not be the main factor for fast performance failure. This work provides new insight of interfacial design for cathodes operating with a high cut-off voltage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Cheng
- Materials Genome Institute, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Qin Cheng
- Materials Genome Institute, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Yun He
- Materials Genome Institute, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Menghan Ge
- Materials Genome Institute, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Zhijie Feng
- Materials Genome Institute, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Panpan Li
- Materials Genome Institute, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Yijia Huang
- Materials Genome Institute, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Jieyun Zheng
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yingchun Lyu
- Materials Genome Institute, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Bingkun Guo
- Materials Genome Institute, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
- Tianmu Lake Institute of Advanced Energy Storage Technologies, Liyang 213300, China
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11
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Liang Q, Yue H, Zhou W, Wei Q, Ru Q, Huang Y, Lou H, Chen F, Hou X. Structure Recovery and Recycling of the Used LiCoO2 Cathode Material. Chemistry 2021; 27:14225-14233. [PMID: 34322919 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202102015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The large number of lithium batteries have been retiring from the market of energy storage. Thus, the recycling of the used electrode materials is becoming urgent. In this study, the industrial machinery processing was used to recover the crystal structure of the waste LiCoO 2 materials with the combination of small-scale equipment repair technology. The results show that the crystal parameters of the repaired LiCoO 2 material become small, the unit cell volume is reduced, and the crystal structure tends to be stable. The Co-O bond length of 1.9134 nm, O-Co-O bond angle of 94.72º, the (003) interplanar spacing of 0.467 nm indicate the excellent recovery level of the repaired LiCoO 2 . In addition, the electrochemical performance of the repaired LiCoO 2 material is greatly improved, compared with the waste material. The capacity of the repaired electrode material can be maintained at 120 mAh g -1 after 100 cycles at the current density of 0.2 C. The promising rate performance of the repaired electrode material demonstrates the stable structure. This research work provides a large-scale method for the direct recovery of LiCoO 2 with the reduction of unnecessary energy and reagent consumption, which will be beneficial to the environmental protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Liang
- South China Normal University, school of chemistry and environment, CHINA
| | | | | | - Qiang Wei
- South China Normal University, Material, CHINA
| | - Qiang Ru
- South China Normal University, Material, CHINA
| | - Yuan Huang
- South China Normal University, Material, CHINA
| | - Hongtao Lou
- Gangdong Lingguang New Materials, Material, CHINA
| | - Fuming Chen
- South China Normal University, High Education Mega Center of Guangzhou,, South China Normal University,, 510006, CHINA
| | - Xianhua Hou
- South China Normal University, Material, CHINA
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12
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Hu X, Yang W, Jiang Z, Huang Z, Wang Y, Wang S. Improving diffusion kinetics and phase stability of LiCoO2 via surface modification at elevated voltage. Electrochim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2021.138227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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13
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Yu L, Zhou X, Lu L, Wu X, Wang F. Recent Developments of Nanomaterials and Nanostructures for High-Rate Lithium Ion Batteries. CHEMSUSCHEM 2020; 13:5361-5407. [PMID: 32776650 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202001562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Lithium ion batteries have been considered as a promising energy-storage solution, the performance of which depends on the electrochemical properties of each component, including cathode, anode, electrolyte and separator. Currently, fast charging is becoming an attractive research field due to the widespread application of batteries in electric vehicles, which are designated to replace conventional diesel automobiles in the future. In these batteries, rate capability, which is closely linked to the topology and morphology of electrode materials, is one of the determining parameters of interest. It has been revealed that nanotechnology is an exceptional tool in designing and preparing cathodes and anodes with outstanding electrochemical kinetics due to the well-known nanosizing effect. Nevertheless, the negative effects of applying nanomaterials in electrodes sometimes outweigh the benefits. To better understand the exact function of nanostructures in solid-state electrodes, herein, a comprehensive review is provided beginning with the fundamental theory of lithium ion transport in solids, which is then followed by a detailed analysis of several major factors affecting the migration of lithium ions in solid-state electrodes. The latest developments in characterisation techniques, based on either electrochemical or radiology methodologies, are covered as well. In addition, state-of-the-art research findings are provided to illustrate the effect of nanomaterials and nanostructures in promoting the rate performance of lithium ion batteries. Finally, several challenges and shortcomings of applying nanotechnology in fabricating high-rate lithium ion batteries are summarised.
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Affiliation(s)
- LePing Yu
- Institute of Automotive Technology, Wuxi Vocational Institute of Commerce, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214153, P. R. China
| | - XiaoHong Zhou
- Institute of Automotive Technology, Wuxi Vocational Institute of Commerce, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214153, P. R. China
| | - Lu Lu
- Institute of Automotive Technology, Wuxi Vocational Institute of Commerce, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214153, P. R. China
| | - XiaoLi Wu
- Institute of Automotive Technology, Wuxi Vocational Institute of Commerce, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214153, P. R. China
| | - FengJun Wang
- Institute of Automotive Technology, Wuxi Vocational Institute of Commerce, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214153, P. R. China
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14
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Kim H, Choi G, Kim S, Lee D, Doo SW, Park J, Lee WB, Lee KT. Plane-Selective Coating of Li 2SnO 3 on Li[Ni xCo 1-x]O 2 for High Power Li ion Batteries. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:7096-7102. [PMID: 32787329 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c01829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Interphase engineering is becoming increasingly important in improving the electrochemical performance of cathode materials for rechargeable batteries, including Li ion, Li metal, and all-solid-state batteries, because irreversible surface reactions, such as electrolyte decomposition, and transition metal dissolution, constitute one of these batteries' failure modes. In this connection, various surface-engineered cathode materials have been investigated to improve interfacial properties. No synthesis methods, however, have considered a plane-selective surface modification of cathode materials. Herein, we introduce the basal-plane-selective coating of Li2SnO3 on layered Li[NixCo1-x]O2 (x = 0 and 0.5) using the concept of the thermal phase segregation of Sn-doped Li[NixCo1-x]O2 due to the solubility variation of Sn in Li[NixCo1-x]O2 with respect to temperature. The plane-selective surface modification enables the formation of Li2SnO3 nanolayers on only the Li[NixCo1-x]O2 basal plane without hindering the charge transfer of Li+ ions. As a result, the vertical heterostructure of Li[NixCo1-x]O2-Li2SnO3 core-shells show promising electrochemical performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanseul Kim
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Garam Choi
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongmin Kim
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Donghoon Lee
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Wook Doo
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungwon Park
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Bo Lee
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu Tae Lee
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
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15
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Wei C, Hong Y, Tian Y, Yu X, Liu Y, Pianetta P. Quantifying redox heterogeneity in single-crystalline LiCoO 2 cathode particles. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2020; 27:713-719. [PMID: 32381772 PMCID: PMC7285691 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577520002076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Active cathode particles are fundamental architectural units for the composite electrode of Li-ion batteries. The microstructure of the particles has a profound impact on their behavior and, consequently, on the cell-level electrochemical performance. LiCoO2 (LCO, a dominant cathode material) is often in the form of well-shaped particles, a few micrometres in size, with good crystallinity. In contrast to secondary particles (an agglomeration of many fine primary grains), which are the other common form of battery particles populated with structural and chemical defects, it is often anticipated that good particle crystallinity leads to superior mechanical robustness and suppressed charge heterogeneity. Yet, sub-particle level charge inhomogeneity in LCO particles has been widely reported in the literature, posing a frontier challenge in this field. Herein, this topic is revisited and it is demonstrated that X-ray absorption spectra on single-crystalline particles with highly anisotropic lattice structures are sensitive to the polarization configuration of the incident X-rays, causing some degree of ambiguity in analyzing the local spectroscopic fingerprint. To tackle this issue, a methodology is developed that extracts the white-line peak energy in the X-ray absorption near-edge structure spectra as a key data attribute for representing the local state of charge in the LCO crystal. This method demonstrates significantly improved accuracy and reveals the mesoscale chemical complexity in LCO particles with better fidelity. In addition to the implications on the importance of particle engineering for LCO cathodes, the method developed herein also has significant impact on spectro-microscopic studies of single-crystalline materials at synchrotron facilities, which is broadly applicable to a wide range of scientific disciplines well beyond battery research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxi Wei
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, People’s Republic of China
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Yanshuai Hong
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yangchao Tian
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiqian Yu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yijin Liu
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Piero Pianetta
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
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