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Rodríguez JM, Jorge I, Martinez-Val A, Barrero-Rodríguez R, Magni R, Núñez E, Laguillo A, Devesa CA, López JA, Camafeita E, Vázquez J. iSanXoT: A standalone application for the integrative analysis of mass spectrometry-based quantitative proteomics data. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2024; 23:452-459. [PMID: 38235360 PMCID: PMC10792623 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2023.12.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Many bioinformatics tools are available for the quantitative analysis of proteomics experiments. Most of these tools use a dedicated statistical model to derive absolute quantitative protein values from mass spectrometry (MS) data. Here, we present iSanXoT, a standalone application that processes relative abundances between MS signals and then integrates them sequentially to upper levels using the previously published Generic Integration Algorithm (GIA). iSanXoT offers unique capabilities that complement conventional quantitative software applications, including statistical weighting and independent modeling of error distributions in each integration, aggregation of technical or biological replicates, quantification of posttranslational modifications, and analysis of coordinated protein behavior. iSanXoT is a standalone, user-friendly application that accepts output from popular proteomics pipelines and enables unrestricted creation of quantification workflows and fully customizable reports that can be reused across projects or shared among users. Numerous publications attest the successful application of diverse integrative workflows constructed using the GIA for the analysis of high-throughput quantitative proteomics experiments. iSanXoT has been tested with the main operating systems. Download links for the corresponding distributions are available at https://github.com/CNIC-Proteomics/iSanXoT/releases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Manuel Rodríguez
- Proteomics Unit, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Jorge
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Proteomics. Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid 28029, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Martinez-Val
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Proteomics. Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Rafael Barrero-Rodríguez
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Proteomics. Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Ricardo Magni
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Proteomics. Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid 28029, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
| | - Estefanía Núñez
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Proteomics. Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid 28029, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrea Laguillo
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Proteomics. Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Cristina A. Devesa
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Proteomics. Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Juan A. López
- Proteomics Unit, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid 28029, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
| | - Emilio Camafeita
- Proteomics Unit, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid 28029, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Vázquez
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Proteomics. Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid 28029, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
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2
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Montowska M, Kasałka-Czarna N, Sumara A, Fornal E. Comparative analysis of the longissimus muscle proteome of European wild boar and domestic pig in response to thermal processing. Food Chem 2024; 456:139871. [PMID: 38870802 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.139871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
This study tries to fill the knowledge gap regarding differences in the expression of proteins in the meat of European wild boar (Sus scrofa scrofa) and domestic pig (Sus scrofa domestica), considering the impact of thermally induced degradation. We assessed relative protein changes between cooked longissimus thoracis et lumborum (LTL) muscle proteomes by using mass spectrometry, chemometric, label-free proteomic, and bioinformatic tools. Among 30 differentially abundant proteins identified MyHC-2a, ATPs-α, CK-S, ADP/ATPt1, IDH2, and MyBP-C1 were upregulated (x > 1) whereas NEB, γ-ENO and EPSF were downregulated (x < 1) in wild boar. ShinyGO and KEGG database pathway analyses revealed that these proteins are mainly involved in processes related to muscle contraction and various pathways of glucose metabolism and energy production. Protein expression changes could have been caused by the different muscle activity of wild animals in response to prolonged movement associated with foraging for food in the natural environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Montowska
- Department of Meat Technology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, ul. Wojska Polskiego 31, 60-624 Poznan, Poland.
| | - Natalia Kasałka-Czarna
- Department of Meat Technology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, ul. Wojska Polskiego 31, 60-624 Poznan, Poland
| | - Agata Sumara
- Department of Bioanalytics, Medical University of Lublin, ul. Jaczewskiego 8b, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
| | - Emilia Fornal
- Department of Bioanalytics, Medical University of Lublin, ul. Jaczewskiego 8b, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
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3
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Faktor J, Henek T, Hernychova L, Singh A, Vojtesek B, Polom J, Bhatia R, Polom K, Cuschieri K, Cruickshank M, Gurumurthy M, Goodlett DR, Al Shboul S, Samal SK, Hupp T, Kalampokas E, Kote S. Metaproteomic analysis from cervical biopsies and cytologies identifies proteinaceous biomarkers representing both human and microbial species. Talanta 2024; 278:126460. [PMID: 38968660 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.126460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
The detection of HPV infection and microbial colonization in cervical lesions is currently done through PCR-based viral or bacterial DNA amplification. Our objective was to develop a methodology to expand the metaproteomic landscape of cervical disease and determine if protein biomarkers from both human and microbes could be detected in distinct cervical samples. This would lead to the development of multi-species proteomics, which includes protein-based lateral flow diagnostics that can define patterns of microbes and/or human proteins relevant to disease status. In this study, we collected both non-frozen tissue biopsy and exfoliative non-fixed cytology samples to assess the consistency of detecting human proteomic signatures between the cytology and biopsy samples. Our results show that proteomics using biopsies or cytologies can detect both human and microbial organisms. Across patients, Lumican and Galectin-1 were most highly expressed human proteins in the tissue biopsy, whilst IL-36 and IL-1RA were most highly expressed human proteins in the cytology. We also used mass spectrometry to assess microbial proteomes known to reside based on prior 16S rRNA gene signatures. Lactobacillus spp. was the most highly expressed proteome in patient samples and specific abundant Lactobacillus proteins were identified. These methodological approaches can be used in future metaproteomic clinical studies to interrogate the vaginal human and microbiome structure and metabolic diversity in cytologies or biopsies from the same patients who have pre-invasive cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, invasive cervical cancer, as well as in healthy controls to assess how human and pathogenic proteins may correlate with disease presence and severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Faktor
- International Centre for Cancer Vaccine Science, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Tomas Henek
- Research Centre for Applied Molecular Oncology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, 656 53, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Hernychova
- Research Centre for Applied Molecular Oncology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, 656 53, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ashita Singh
- University of Edinburgh, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Borek Vojtesek
- Research Centre for Applied Molecular Oncology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, 656 53, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Joanna Polom
- The Academy of Applied Medical and Social Sciences, Lotnicza 2, Elblag, Poland; Department of Medical Laboratory Diagnostics-Fahrenheit Biobank BBMRI.pl, Medical University of Gdańsk, Marii Skłodowskiej-Curie 3a, 80-210, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Ramya Bhatia
- Research Centre for Applied Molecular Oncology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, 656 53, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Karol Polom
- The Academy of Applied Medical and Social Sciences, Lotnicza 2, Elblag, Poland; Gastrointestinal Surgical Oncology Department, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Garbary 15, Poznan, Poland
| | - Kate Cuschieri
- Scottish HPV Reference Laboratory, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh NHS Lothian UK, UK
| | - Margaret Cruickshank
- Aberdeen Centre for Women's Health Research, University of Aberdeen, Scotland, UK
| | | | | | - Sofian Al Shboul
- Department of Pharmacology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, 13133, Jordan
| | | | - Ted Hupp
- University of Edinburgh, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Emmanouil Kalampokas
- Unit of Gynaecologic Oncology, Second Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aretaieion Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece.
| | - Sachin Kote
- International Centre for Cancer Vaccine Science, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland.
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4
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Varunjikar MS, Pineda-Pampliega J, Belghit I, Palmblad M, Einar Grøsvik B, Meier S, Asgeir Olsvik P, Lie KK, Rasinger JD. Fish species authentication in commercial fish products using mass spectrometry and spectral library matching approach. Food Res Int 2024; 192:114785. [PMID: 39147490 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
Seafood fraud has become a global issue, threatening food security and safety. Adulteration, substitution, dilution, and incorrect labeling of seafood products are fraudulent practices that violate consumer safety. In this context, developing sensitive, robust, and high-throughput molecular tools for food and feed authentication is becoming crucial for regulatory purposes. Analytical approaches such as proteomics mass spectrometry have shown promise in detecting incorrectly labeled products. For the application of these tools, genome information is crucial, but currently, for many marine species of commercial importance, such information is unavailable. However, when combining proteomic analysis with spectral library matching, commercially important fish species were successfully identified, differentiated, and quantified in pure muscle samples and mixtures, even when genome information was scarce. This study further tested the previously developed spectral library matching approach to differentiate between 29 fish species from the North Sea and examined samples including individual fish, laboratory-prepared mixtures and commercial products. For authenticating libraries generated from 29 fish species, fresh muscle samples from the fish samples were matched against the reference spectral libraries. Species of the fresh fish samples were correctly authenticated using the spectral library approach. The same result was obtained when evaluating the laboratory-prepared mixtures. Furthermore, processed commercial products containing mixtures of two or three fish species were matched against these reference spectral libraries to test the accuracy and robustness of this method for authentication of fish species. The results indicated that the method is suitable for the authentication of fish species from highly processed samples such as fish cakes and burgers. The study shows that current and future challenges in food and feed authentication can efficiently be tackled by reference spectral libraries method when prospecting new resources in the Arctic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ikram Belghit
- Institute of Marine Research, P.O. Box 1870 Nordnes, 5817 Bergen, Norway.
| | - Magnus Palmblad
- Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, the Netherlands.
| | | | - Sonnich Meier
- Institute of Marine Research, P.O. Box 1870 Nordnes, 5817 Bergen, Norway.
| | - Pål Asgeir Olsvik
- Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, Bodø, Norway.
| | - Kai K Lie
- Institute of Marine Research, P.O. Box 1870 Nordnes, 5817 Bergen, Norway.
| | - Josef D Rasinger
- Institute of Marine Research, P.O. Box 1870 Nordnes, 5817 Bergen, Norway.
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5
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Jiang Y, Rex DA, Schuster D, Neely BA, Rosano GL, Volkmar N, Momenzadeh A, Peters-Clarke TM, Egbert SB, Kreimer S, Doud EH, Crook OM, Yadav AK, Vanuopadath M, Hegeman AD, Mayta M, Duboff AG, Riley NM, Moritz RL, Meyer JG. Comprehensive Overview of Bottom-Up Proteomics Using Mass Spectrometry. ACS MEASUREMENT SCIENCE AU 2024; 4:338-417. [PMID: 39193565 PMCID: PMC11348894 DOI: 10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.3c00068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
Proteomics is the large scale study of protein structure and function from biological systems through protein identification and quantification. "Shotgun proteomics" or "bottom-up proteomics" is the prevailing strategy, in which proteins are hydrolyzed into peptides that are analyzed by mass spectrometry. Proteomics studies can be applied to diverse studies ranging from simple protein identification to studies of proteoforms, protein-protein interactions, protein structural alterations, absolute and relative protein quantification, post-translational modifications, and protein stability. To enable this range of different experiments, there are diverse strategies for proteome analysis. The nuances of how proteomic workflows differ may be challenging to understand for new practitioners. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of different proteomics methods. We cover from biochemistry basics and protein extraction to biological interpretation and orthogonal validation. We expect this Review will serve as a handbook for researchers who are new to the field of bottom-up proteomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuming Jiang
- Department
of Computational Biomedicine, Cedars Sinai
Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048, United States
- Smidt Heart
Institute, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048, United States
- Advanced
Clinical Biosystems Research Institute, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los
Angeles, California 90048, United States
| | - Devasahayam Arokia
Balaya Rex
- Center for
Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore 575018, India
| | - Dina Schuster
- Department
of Biology, Institute of Molecular Systems
Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich 8093, Switzerland
- Department
of Biology, Institute of Molecular Biology
and Biophysics, ETH Zurich, Zurich 8093, Switzerland
- Laboratory
of Biomolecular Research, Division of Biology and Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen 5232, Switzerland
| | - Benjamin A. Neely
- Chemical
Sciences Division, National Institute of
Standards and Technology, NIST, Charleston, South Carolina 29412, United States
| | - Germán L. Rosano
- Mass
Spectrometry
Unit, Institute of Molecular and Cellular
Biology of Rosario, Rosario, 2000 Argentina
| | - Norbert Volkmar
- Department
of Biology, Institute of Molecular Systems
Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich 8093, Switzerland
| | - Amanda Momenzadeh
- Department
of Computational Biomedicine, Cedars Sinai
Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048, United States
- Smidt Heart
Institute, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048, United States
- Advanced
Clinical Biosystems Research Institute, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los
Angeles, California 90048, United States
| | - Trenton M. Peters-Clarke
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University
of California—San Francisco, San Francisco, California, 94158, United States
| | - Susan B. Egbert
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3T 2N2 Canada
| | - Simion Kreimer
- Smidt Heart
Institute, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048, United States
- Advanced
Clinical Biosystems Research Institute, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los
Angeles, California 90048, United States
| | - Emma H. Doud
- Center
for Proteome Analysis, Indiana University
School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, 46202-3082, United States
| | - Oliver M. Crook
- Oxford
Protein Informatics Group, Department of Statistics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3LB, United
Kingdom
| | - Amit Kumar Yadav
- Translational
Health Science and Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster 3rd Milestone Faridabad-Gurgaon
Expressway, Faridabad, Haryana 121001, India
| | | | - Adrian D. Hegeman
- Departments
of Horticultural Science and Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Minnesota 55108, United States
| | - Martín
L. Mayta
- School
of Medicine and Health Sciences, Center for Health Sciences Research, Universidad Adventista del Plata, Libertador San Martin 3103, Argentina
- Molecular
Biology Department, School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario 2000, Argentina
| | - Anna G. Duboff
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Nicholas M. Riley
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Robert L. Moritz
- Institute
for Systems biology, Seattle, Washington 98109, United States
| | - Jesse G. Meyer
- Department
of Computational Biomedicine, Cedars Sinai
Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048, United States
- Smidt Heart
Institute, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048, United States
- Advanced
Clinical Biosystems Research Institute, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los
Angeles, California 90048, United States
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6
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Xiong EH, Zhang X, Yan H, Ward HN, Lin ZY, Wong CJ, Fu C, Gingras AC, Noble SM, Robbins N, Myers CL, Cowen LE. Functional genomic analysis of genes important for Candida albicans fitness in diverse environmental conditions. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114601. [PMID: 39126650 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Fungal pathogens such as Candida albicans pose a significant threat to human health with limited treatment options available. One strategy to expand the therapeutic target space is to identify genes important for pathogen growth in host-relevant environments. Here, we leverage a pooled functional genomic screening strategy to identify genes important for fitness of C. albicans in diverse conditions. We identify an essential gene with no known Saccharomyces cerevisiae homolog, C1_09670C, and demonstrate that it encodes subunit 3 of replication factor A (Rfa3). Furthermore, we apply computational analyses to identify functionally coherent gene clusters and predict gene function. Through this approach, we predict the cell-cycle-associated function of C3_06880W, a previously uncharacterized gene required for fitness specifically at elevated temperatures, and follow-up assays confirm that C3_06880W encodes Iml3, a component of the C. albicans kinetochore with roles in virulence in vivo. Overall, this work reveals insights into the vulnerabilities of C. albicans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily H Xiong
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Huijuan Yan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Henry N Ward
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Graduate Program, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Zhen-Yuan Lin
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Cassandra J Wong
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Ci Fu
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Anne-Claude Gingras
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Suzanne M Noble
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Nicole Robbins
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Chad L Myers
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Graduate Program, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| | - Leah E Cowen
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada.
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7
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Ulmer LD, Canzani D, Woods CN, Stone NL, Janowska MK, Klevit RE, Bush MF. High-Performance Workflow for Identifying Site-Specific Crosslinks Originating from a Genetically Incorporated, Photoreactive Amino Acid. J Proteome Res 2024; 23:3560-3570. [PMID: 38968604 PMCID: PMC11296897 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.4c00194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
In conventional crosslinking mass spectrometry, proteins are crosslinked using a highly selective, bifunctional chemical reagent, which limits crosslinks to residues that are accessible and reactive to the reagent. Genetically incorporating a photoreactive amino acid offers two key advantages: any site can be targeted, including those that are inaccessible to conventional crosslinking reagents, and photoreactive amino acids can potentially react with a broad range of interaction partners. However, broad reactivity imposes additional challenges for crosslink identification. In this study, we incorporate benzoylphenylalanine (BPA), a photoreactive amino acid, at selected sites in an intrinsically disordered region of the human protein HSPB5. We report and characterize a workflow for identifying and visualizing residue-level interactions originating from BPA. We routinely identify 30 to 300 crosslinked peptide spectral matches with this workflow, which is up to ten times more than existing tools for residue-level BPA crosslink identification. Most identified crosslinks are assigned to a precision of one or two residues, which is supported by a high degree of overlap between replicate analyses. Based on these results, we anticipate that this workflow will support the more general use of genetically incorporated, photoreactive amino acids for characterizing the structures of proteins that have resisted high-resolution characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey D. Ulmer
- University of Washington, Department of Chemistry, Box 351700, Seattle, WA 98195-1700
| | - Daniele Canzani
- University of Washington, Department of Chemistry, Box 351700, Seattle, WA 98195-1700
| | - Christopher N. Woods
- University of Washington, Department of Biochemistry, Box 357350, Seattle, WA 98195-7350
| | - Natalie L. Stone
- University of Washington, Department of Biochemistry, Box 357350, Seattle, WA 98195-7350
| | - Maria K. Janowska
- University of Washington, Department of Biochemistry, Box 357350, Seattle, WA 98195-7350
| | - Rachel E. Klevit
- University of Washington, Department of Biochemistry, Box 357350, Seattle, WA 98195-7350
| | - Matthew F. Bush
- University of Washington, Department of Chemistry, Box 351700, Seattle, WA 98195-1700
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8
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Ramsbottom KA, Prakash A, Perez-Riverol Y, Camacho OM, Sun Z, Kundu DJ, Bowler-Barnett E, Martin M, Fan J, Chebotarov D, McNally KL, Deutsch EW, Vizcaíno JA, Jones AR. Meta-Analysis of Rice Phosphoproteomics Data to Understand Variation in Cell Signaling Across the Rice Pan-Genome. J Proteome Res 2024; 23:2518-2531. [PMID: 38810119 PMCID: PMC11232104 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.4c00187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Phosphorylation is the most studied post-translational modification, and has multiple biological functions. In this study, we have reanalyzed publicly available mass spectrometry proteomics data sets enriched for phosphopeptides from Asian rice (Oryza sativa). In total we identified 15,565 phosphosites on serine, threonine, and tyrosine residues on rice proteins. We identified sequence motifs for phosphosites, and link motifs to enrichment of different biological processes, indicating different downstream regulation likely caused by different kinase groups. We cross-referenced phosphosites against the rice 3,000 genomes, to identify single amino acid variations (SAAVs) within or proximal to phosphosites that could cause loss of a site in a given rice variety and clustered the data to identify groups of sites with similar patterns across rice family groups. The data has been loaded into UniProt Knowledge-Base─enabling researchers to visualize sites alongside other data on rice proteins, e.g., structural models from AlphaFold2, PeptideAtlas, and the PRIDE database─enabling visualization of source evidence, including scores and supporting mass spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerry A Ramsbottom
- Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7BE, United Kingdom
| | - Ananth Prakash
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, EMBL-European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SD, United Kingdom
| | - Yasset Perez-Riverol
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, EMBL-European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SD, United Kingdom
| | - Oscar Martin Camacho
- Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7BE, United Kingdom
| | - Zhi Sun
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, Washington 98109, United States
| | - Deepti J Kundu
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, EMBL-European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SD, United Kingdom
| | - Emily Bowler-Barnett
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, EMBL-European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SD, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Martin
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, EMBL-European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SD, United Kingdom
| | - Jun Fan
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, EMBL-European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SD, United Kingdom
| | - Dmytro Chebotarov
- International Rice Research Institute, DAPO Box 7777, Manila 1301, Philippines
| | - Kenneth L McNally
- International Rice Research Institute, DAPO Box 7777, Manila 1301, Philippines
| | - Eric W Deutsch
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, Washington 98109, United States
| | - Juan Antonio Vizcaíno
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, EMBL-European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SD, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew R Jones
- Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7BE, United Kingdom
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9
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Chambers LR, Ye Q, Cai J, Gong M, Ledvina HE, Zhou H, Whiteley AT, Suhandynata RT, Corbett KD. A eukaryotic-like ubiquitination system in bacterial antiviral defence. Nature 2024; 631:843-849. [PMID: 39020180 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07730-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
Ubiquitination pathways have crucial roles in protein homeostasis, signalling and innate immunity1-3. In these pathways, an enzymatic cascade of E1, E2 and E3 proteins conjugates ubiquitin or a ubiquitin-like protein (Ubl) to target-protein lysine residues4. Bacteria encode ancient relatives of E1 and Ubl proteins involved in sulfur metabolism5,6, but these proteins do not mediate Ubl-target conjugation, leaving open the question of whether bacteria can perform ubiquitination-like protein conjugation. Here we demonstrate that a bacterial operon associated with phage defence islands encodes a complete ubiquitination pathway. Two structures of a bacterial E1-E2-Ubl complex reveal striking architectural parallels with canonical eukaryotic ubiquitination machinery. The bacterial E1 possesses an amino-terminal inactive adenylation domain and a carboxy-terminal active adenylation domain with a mobile α-helical insertion containing the catalytic cysteine (CYS domain). One structure reveals a pre-reaction state with the bacterial Ubl C terminus positioned for adenylation, and a second structure mimics an E1-to-E2 transthioesterification state with the E1 CYS domain adjacent to the bound E2. We show that a deubiquitinase in the same pathway preprocesses the bacterial Ubl, exposing its C-terminal glycine for adenylation. Finally, we show that the bacterial E1 and E2 collaborate to conjugate Ubl to target-protein lysine residues. Together, these data reveal that bacteria possess bona fide ubiquitination systems with strong mechanistic and architectural parallels to canonical eukaryotic ubiquitination pathways, suggesting that these pathways arose first in bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia R Chambers
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Qiaozhen Ye
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jiaxi Cai
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Minheng Gong
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Hannah E Ledvina
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Huilin Zhou
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Aaron T Whiteley
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Raymond T Suhandynata
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Kevin D Corbett
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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10
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Hu Y, Schnaubelt M, Chen L, Zhang B, Hoang T, Lih TM, Zhang Z, Zhang H. MS-PyCloud: A Cloud Computing-Based Pipeline for Proteomic and Glycoproteomic Data Analyses. Anal Chem 2024; 96:10145-10151. [PMID: 38869158 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c01497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Rapid development and wide adoption of mass spectrometry-based glycoproteomic technologies have empowered scientists to study proteins and protein glycosylation in complex samples on a large scale. This progress has also created unprecedented challenges for individual laboratories to store, manage, and analyze proteomic and glycoproteomic data, both in the cost for proprietary software and high-performance computing and in the long processing time that discourages on-the-fly changes of data processing settings required in explorative and discovery analysis. We developed an open-source, cloud computing-based pipeline, MS-PyCloud, with graphical user interface (GUI), for proteomic and glycoproteomic data analysis. The major components of this pipeline include data file integrity validation, MS/MS database search for spectral assignments to peptide sequences, false discovery rate estimation, protein inference, quantitation of global protein levels, and specific glycan-modified glycopeptides as well as other modification-specific peptides such as phosphorylation, acetylation, and ubiquitination. To ensure the transparency and reproducibility of data analysis, MS-PyCloud includes open-source software tools with comprehensive testing and versioning for spectrum assignments. Leveraging public cloud computing infrastructure via Amazon Web Services (AWS), MS-PyCloud scales seamlessly based on analysis demand to achieve fast and efficient performance. Application of the pipeline to the analysis of large-scale LC-MS/MS data sets demonstrated the effectiveness and high performance of MS-PyCloud. The software can be downloaded at https://github.com/huizhanglab-jhu/ms-pycloud.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingwei Hu
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, United States
| | - Michael Schnaubelt
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, United States
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, United States
| | - Bai Zhang
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, United States
| | - Trung Hoang
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, United States
| | - T Mamie Lih
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, United States
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, United States
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, United States
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11
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Cao X, Huang S, Wagner MM, Cho YT, Chiu DC, Wartchow KM, Lazarian A, McIntire LB, Smolka MB, Baskin JM. A phosphorylation-controlled switch confers cell cycle-dependent protein relocalization. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.05.597552. [PMID: 38895347 PMCID: PMC11185714 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.05.597552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Tools for acute manipulation of protein localization enable elucidation of spatiotemporally defined functions, but their reliance on exogenous triggers can interfere with cell physiology. This limitation is particularly apparent for studying mitosis, whose highly choreographed events are sensitive to perturbations. Here we exploit the serendipitous discovery of a phosphorylation-controlled, cell cycle-dependent localization change of the adaptor protein PLEKHA5 to develop a system for mitosis-specific protein recruitment to the plasma membrane that requires no exogenous stimulus. Mitosis-enabled Anchor-away/Recruiter System (MARS) comprises an engineered, 15-kDa module derived from PLEKHA5 capable of recruiting functional protein cargoes to the plasma membrane during mitosis, either through direct fusion or via GFP-GFP nanobody interaction. Applications of MARS include both knock sideways to rapidly extract proteins from their native localizations during mitosis and conditional recruitment of lipid-metabolizing enzymes for mitosis-selective editing of plasma membrane lipid content, without the need for exogenous triggers or perturbative synchronization methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofu Cao
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States, 14853
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States, 14853
| | - Shiying Huang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States, 14853
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States, 14853
| | - Mateusz M. Wagner
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States, 14853
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States, 14853
| | - Yuan-Ting Cho
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States, 14853
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States, 14853
| | - Din-Chi Chiu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States, 14853
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States, 14853
| | - Krista M. Wartchow
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, United States, 10065
| | - Artur Lazarian
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, United States, 10065
| | - Laura Beth McIntire
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, United States, 10065
| | - Marcus B. Smolka
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States, 14853
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States, 14853
| | - Jeremy M. Baskin
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States, 14853
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States, 14853
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12
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Kalogeropoulos K, Moldt Haack A, Madzharova E, Di Lorenzo A, Hanna R, Schoof EM, Auf dem Keller U. CLIPPER 2.0: Peptide-Level Annotation and Data Analysis for Positional Proteomics. Mol Cell Proteomics 2024; 23:100781. [PMID: 38703894 PMCID: PMC11192779 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcpro.2024.100781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Positional proteomics methodologies have transformed protease research, and have brought mass spectrometry (MS)-based degradomics studies to the forefront of protease characterization and system-wide interrogation of protease signaling. Considerable advancements in both sensitivity and throughput of liquid chromatography (LC)-MS/MS instrumentation enable the generation of enormous positional proteomics datasets of natural and protein termini and neo-termini of cleaved protease substrates. However, concomitant progress has not been observed to the same extent in data analysis and post-processing steps, arguably constituting the largest bottleneck in positional proteomics workflows. Here, we present a computational tool, CLIPPER 2.0, that builds on prior algorithms developed for MS-based protein termini analysis, facilitating peptide-level annotation and data analysis. CLIPPER 2.0 can be used with several sample preparation workflows and proteomics search algorithms and enables fast and automated database information retrieval, statistical and network analysis, as well as visualization of terminomic datasets. We demonstrate the applicability of our tool by analyzing GluC and MMP9 cleavages in HeLa lysates. CLIPPER 2.0 is available at https://github.com/UadKLab/CLIPPER-2.0.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aleksander Moldt Haack
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Elizabeta Madzharova
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Antea Di Lorenzo
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Rawad Hanna
- Faculty of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City Haifa, Israel
| | - Erwin M Schoof
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Ulrich Auf dem Keller
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
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13
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Parker B, Weiss E. LiF-MS+, a revised technique for mapping peptide-protein interactions. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.28.596279. [PMID: 38853981 PMCID: PMC11160668 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.28.596279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Short linear motifs are sequences of amino acids present in unstructured polypeptide regions that function as ligands for specific sites on folded protein domains. These interactions, which often occur with low to modest affinity, modulate dynamic biological processes such as signal transduction and membrane trafficking. We recently described Ligand Footprinting-Mass Spectrometry (LiF-MS), a technique that rapidly and precisely maps sites at which short peptide ligands bind their biologically relevant recognition sites on folded protein domains. This approach marks the binding location of a peptide ligand on a structured protein using a cleavable crosslinker appended to the ligand that leaves behind a stable chemical modification following cleavage. This modification serves as a mass tag detectable by mass spectrometry, pinpointing sites of peptide ligand binding. Here we present LiF-MS+, an improved version of the footprinting technique that replaces the butanol mass tag with 1-butylpyrrolidine, which is positively charged at neutral pH and thus aids in ionization of the crosslinked peptide for analysis by mass spectrometry. We show ligand-mediated butylpyrrolidine footprinting effectively maps the well characterized binding interaction of the p38α mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) with a MKK6 D-motif short linear motif peptide ligand, uncovering additional binding site information not observed in our original experiment. LiF-MS+ is thus a straightforward improvement of our previously published methodology for mapping the binding of short linear motifs to folded protein domains.
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14
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Zhang NH, Deutsch EW. SpectiCal: m/ z Calibration of MS2 Peptide Spectra Using Known Low Mass Ions. J Proteome Res 2024; 23:1519-1530. [PMID: 38538550 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.3c00882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Most tandem mass spectrometry fragmentation spectra have small calibration errors that can lead to suboptimal interpretation and annotation. We developed SpectiCal, a software tool that can read mzML files from data-dependent acquisition proteomics experiments in parallel, compute m/z calibrations for each file prior to identification analysis based on known low-mass ions, and produce information about frequently observed peaks and their explanations. Using calibration coefficients, the data can be corrected to generate new calibrated mzML files. SpectiCal was tested using five public data sets, creating a table of commonly observed low-mass ions and their identifications. Information about the calibration and individual peaks is written in PDF and TSV files. This includes information for each peak, such as the number of runs in which it appears, the percentage of spectra in which it appears, and a plot of the aggregated region surrounding each peak. SpectiCal can be used to compute MS run calibrations, examine MS runs for artifacts that might hinder downstream analysis, and generate tables of detected low-mass ions for further analysis. SpectiCal is freely available at https://github.com/PlantProteomes/SpectiCal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan H Zhang
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, Washington 98109, United States
| | - Eric W Deutsch
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, Washington 98109, United States
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15
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Venezian J, Bar-Yosef H, Ben-Arie Zilberman H, Cohen N, Kleifeld O, Fernandez-Recio J, Glaser F, Shiber A. Diverging co-translational protein complex assembly pathways are governed by interface energy distribution. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2638. [PMID: 38528060 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46881-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Protein-protein interactions are at the heart of all cellular processes, with the ribosome emerging as a platform, orchestrating the nascent-chain interplay dynamics. Here, to study the characteristics governing co-translational protein folding and complex assembly, we combine selective ribosome profiling, imaging, and N-terminomics with all-atoms molecular dynamics. Focusing on conserved N-terminal acetyltransferases (NATs), we uncover diverging co-translational assembly pathways, where highly homologous subunits serve opposite functions. We find that only a few residues serve as "hotspots," initiating co-translational assembly interactions upon exposure at the ribosome exit tunnel. These hotspots are characterized by high binding energy, anchoring the entire interface assembly. Alpha-helices harboring hotspots are highly thermolabile, folding and unfolding during simulations, depending on their partner subunit to avoid misfolding. In vivo hotspot mutations disrupted co-translational complexation, leading to aggregation. Accordingly, conservation analysis reveals that missense NATs variants, causing neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative diseases, disrupt putative hotspot clusters. Expanding our study to include phosphofructokinase, anthranilate synthase, and nucleoporin subcomplex, we employ AlphaFold-Multimer to model the complexes' complete structures. Computing MD-derived interface energy profiles, we find similar trends. Here, we propose a model based on the distribution of interface energy as a strong predictor of co-translational assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Venezian
- Faculty of Biology, Technion Israel institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Hagit Bar-Yosef
- Faculty of Biology, Technion Israel institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | | | - Noam Cohen
- Faculty of Biology, Technion Israel institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Oded Kleifeld
- Faculty of Biology, Technion Israel institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Juan Fernandez-Recio
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Vid y del Vino (ICVV), CSIC-Universidad de La Rioja-Gobierno de La Rioja, Logroño, Spain
| | - Fabian Glaser
- Lorry I. Lokey Interdisciplinary Center for Life Sciences & Engineering, Haifa, Israel
| | - Ayala Shiber
- Faculty of Biology, Technion Israel institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.
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16
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Rios KT, McGee JP, Sebastian A, Moritz RL, Feric M, Absalon S, Swearingen KE, Lindner SE. Global Release of Translational Repression Across Plasmodium's Host-to-Vector Transmission Event. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.02.01.577866. [PMID: 38352447 PMCID: PMC10862809 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.01.577866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Malaria parasites must be able to respond quickly to changes in their environment, including during their transmission between mammalian hosts and mosquito vectors. Therefore, before transmission, female gametocytes proactively produce and translationally repress mRNAs that encode essential proteins that the zygote requires to establish a new infection. This essential regulatory control requires the orthologues of DDX6 (DOZI), LSM14a (CITH), and ALBA proteins to form a translationally repressive complex in female gametocytes that associates with many of the affected mRNAs. However, while the release of translational repression of individual mRNAs has been documented, the details of the global release of translational repression have not. Moreover, the changes in spatial arrangement and composition of the DOZI/CITH/ALBA complex that contribute to translational control are also not known. Therefore, we have conducted the first quantitative, comparative transcriptomics and DIA-MS proteomics of Plasmodium parasites across the host-to-vector transmission event to document the global release of translational repression. Using female gametocytes and zygotes of P. yoelii, we found that nearly 200 transcripts are released for translation soon after fertilization, including those with essential functions for the zygote. However, we also observed that some transcripts remain repressed beyond this point. In addition, we have used TurboID-based proximity proteomics to interrogate the spatial and compositional changes in the DOZI/CITH/ALBA complex across this transmission event. Consistent with recent models of translational control, proteins that associate with either the 5' or 3' end of mRNAs are in close proximity to one another during translational repression in female gametocytes and then dissociate upon release of repression in zygotes. This observation is cross-validated for several protein colocalizations in female gametocytes via ultrastructure expansion microscopy and structured illumination microscopy. Moreover, DOZI exchanges its interaction from NOT1-G in female gametocytes to the canonical NOT1 in zygotes, providing a model for a trigger for the release of mRNAs from DOZI. Finally, unenriched phosphoproteomics revealed the modification of key translational control proteins in the zygote. Together, these data provide a model for the essential translational control mechanisms used by malaria parasites to promote their efficient transmission from their mammalian host to their mosquito vector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly T. Rios
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
- Center for Eukaryotic Gene Regulation, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802
| | - James P. McGee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
- Center for Eukaryotic Gene Regulation, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802
| | - Aswathy Sebastian
- Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802
| | | | - Marina Feric
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
| | - Sabrina Absalon
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202
| | | | - Scott E. Lindner
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
- Huck Center for Malaria Research, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802
- Center for Eukaryotic Gene Regulation, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802
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17
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Baijal K, Abramchuk I, Herrera CM, Mah TF, Trent MS, Lavallée-Adam M, Downey M. Polyphosphate kinase regulates LPS structure and polymyxin resistance during starvation in E. coli. PLoS Biol 2024; 22:e3002558. [PMID: 38478588 PMCID: PMC10962826 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3002558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Polyphosphates (polyP) are chains of inorganic phosphates that can reach over 1,000 residues in length. In Escherichia coli, polyP is produced by the polyP kinase (PPK) and is thought to play a protective role during the response to cellular stress. However, the molecular pathways impacted by PPK activity and polyP accumulation remain poorly characterized. In this work, we used label-free mass spectrometry to study the response of bacteria that cannot produce polyP (Δppk) during starvation to identify novel pathways regulated by PPK. In response to starvation, we found 92 proteins significantly differentially expressed between wild-type and Δppk mutant cells. Wild-type cells were enriched for proteins related to amino acid biosynthesis and transport, while Δppk mutants were enriched for proteins related to translation and ribosome biogenesis, suggesting that without PPK, cells remain inappropriately primed for growth even in the absence of the required building blocks. From our data set, we were particularly interested in Arn and EptA proteins, which were down-regulated in Δppk mutants compared to wild-type controls, because they play a role in lipid A modifications linked to polymyxin resistance. Using western blotting, we confirm differential expression of these and related proteins in K-12 strains and a uropathogenic isolate, and provide evidence that this mis-regulation in Δppk cells stems from a failure to induce the BasRS two-component system during starvation. We also show that Δppk mutants unable to up-regulate Arn and EptA expression lack the respective L-Ara4N and pEtN modifications on lipid A. In line with this observation, loss of ppk restores polymyxin sensitivity in resistant strains carrying a constitutively active basR allele. Overall, we show a new role for PPK in lipid A modification during starvation and provide a rationale for targeting PPK to sensitize bacteria towards polymyxin treatment. We further anticipate that our proteomics work will provide an important resource for researchers interested in the diverse pathways impacted by PPK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanchi Baijal
- Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Iryna Abramchuk
- Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Carmen M. Herrera
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Thien-Fah Mah
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Centre for Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - M. Stephen Trent
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Mathieu Lavallée-Adam
- Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael Downey
- Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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18
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Cerdán-Vélez D, Tress ML. The T2T-CHM13 reference assembly uncovers essential WASH1 and GPRIN2 paralogues. BIOINFORMATICS ADVANCES 2024; 4:vbae029. [PMID: 38464973 PMCID: PMC10924726 DOI: 10.1093/bioadv/vbae029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Summary The recently published T2T-CHM13 reference assembly completed the annotation of the final 8% of the human genome. It introduced 1956 genes, close to 100 of which are predicted to be coding because they have a protein coding parent gene. Here, we confirm the coding status and functional relevance of two of these genes, paralogues of WASHC1 and GPRIN2. We find that LOC124908094, one of four novel subtelomeric WASH1 genes uncovered in the new assembly, produces the WASH1 protein that forms part of the vital actin-regulatory WASH complex. Its coding status is supported by abundant proteomics, conservation, and cDNA evidence. It was previously assumed that gene WASHC1 produced the functional WASH1 protein, but new evidence shows that WASHC1 is a human-derived duplication and likely to be one of 12 WASH1 pseudogenes in the human gene set. We also find that the T2T-CHM13 assembly has added a functionally important copy of GPRIN2 to the human gene set. We demonstrate that uniquely mapping peptides from proteomics databases support the novel LOC124900631 rather than the GRCh38 assembly GPRIN2 gene. These new additions to the set of human coding genes underlines the importance of the new T2T-CHM13 assembly. Availability and implementation None.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Cerdán-Vélez
- Bioinformatics Unit, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Michael Liam Tress
- Bioinformatics Unit, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid 28029, Spain
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19
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Omenn GS, Lane L, Overall CM, Lindskog C, Pineau C, Packer NH, Cristea IM, Weintraub ST, Orchard S, Roehrl MHA, Nice E, Guo T, Van Eyk JE, Liu S, Bandeira N, Aebersold R, Moritz RL, Deutsch EW. The 2023 Report on the Proteome from the HUPO Human Proteome Project. J Proteome Res 2024; 23:532-549. [PMID: 38232391 PMCID: PMC11026053 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.3c00591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Since 2010, the Human Proteome Project (HPP), the flagship initiative of the Human Proteome Organization (HUPO), has pursued two goals: (1) to credibly identify the protein parts list and (2) to make proteomics an integral part of multiomics studies of human health and disease. The HPP relies on international collaboration, data sharing, standardized reanalysis of MS data sets by PeptideAtlas and MassIVE-KB using HPP Guidelines for quality assurance, integration and curation of MS and non-MS protein data by neXtProt, plus extensive use of antibody profiling carried out by the Human Protein Atlas. According to the neXtProt release 2023-04-18, protein expression has now been credibly detected (PE1) for 18,397 of the 19,778 neXtProt predicted proteins coded in the human genome (93%). Of these PE1 proteins, 17,453 were detected with mass spectrometry (MS) in accordance with HPP Guidelines and 944 by a variety of non-MS methods. The number of neXtProt PE2, PE3, and PE4 missing proteins now stands at 1381. Achieving the unambiguous identification of 93% of predicted proteins encoded from across all chromosomes represents remarkable experimental progress on the Human Proteome parts list. Meanwhile, there are several categories of predicted proteins that have proved resistant to detection regardless of protein-based methods used. Additionally there are some PE1-4 proteins that probably should be reclassified to PE5, specifically 21 LINC entries and ∼30 HERV entries; these are being addressed in the present year. Applying proteomics in a wide array of biological and clinical studies ensures integration with other omics platforms as reported by the Biology and Disease-driven HPP teams and the antibody and pathology resource pillars. Current progress has positioned the HPP to transition to its Grand Challenge Project focused on determining the primary function(s) of every protein itself and in networks and pathways within the context of human health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilbert S. Omenn
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, Washington 98109, United States
| | - Lydie Lane
- CALIPHO Group, SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics and University of Geneva, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Christopher M. Overall
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada, Yonsei University Republic of Korea
| | | | - Charles Pineau
- University Rennes, Inserm U1085, Irset, 35042 Rennes, France
| | | | | | - Susan T. Weintraub
- University of Texas Health Science Center-San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78229-3900, United States
| | | | - Michael H. A. Roehrl
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, United States
| | | | - Tiannan Guo
- Westlake Center for Intelligent Proteomics, Westlake Laboratory, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jennifer E. Van Eyk
- Advanced Clinical Biosystems Research Institute, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 127 South San Vicente Boulevard, Pavilion, 9th Floor, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, United States
| | - Siqi Liu
- BGI Group, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Nuno Bandeira
- University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, United States
| | - Ruedi Aebersold
- Institute of Molecular Systems Biology in ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
- University of Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Robert L. Moritz
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, Washington 98109, United States
| | - Eric W. Deutsch
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, Washington 98109, United States
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20
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Lou R, Shui W. Acquisition and Analysis of DIA-Based Proteomic Data: A Comprehensive Survey in 2023. Mol Cell Proteomics 2024; 23:100712. [PMID: 38182042 PMCID: PMC10847697 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcpro.2024.100712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Data-independent acquisition (DIA) mass spectrometry (MS) has emerged as a powerful technology for high-throughput, accurate, and reproducible quantitative proteomics. This review provides a comprehensive overview of recent advances in both the experimental and computational methods for DIA proteomics, from data acquisition schemes to analysis strategies and software tools. DIA acquisition schemes are categorized based on the design of precursor isolation windows, highlighting wide-window, overlapping-window, narrow-window, scanning quadrupole-based, and parallel accumulation-serial fragmentation-enhanced DIA methods. For DIA data analysis, major strategies are classified into spectrum reconstruction, sequence-based search, library-based search, de novo sequencing, and sequencing-independent approaches. A wide array of software tools implementing these strategies are reviewed, with details on their overall workflows and scoring approaches at different steps. The generation and optimization of spectral libraries, which are critical resources for DIA analysis, are also discussed. Publicly available benchmark datasets covering global proteomics and phosphoproteomics are summarized to facilitate performance evaluation of various software tools and analysis workflows. Continued advances and synergistic developments of versatile components in DIA workflows are expected to further enhance the power of DIA-based proteomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronghui Lou
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China; School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Wenqing Shui
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China; School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China.
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21
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Bouyssié D, Altıner P, Capella-Gutierrez S, Fernández JM, Hagemeijer YP, Horvatovich P, Hubálek M, Levander F, Mauri P, Palmblad M, Raffelsberger W, Rodríguez-Navas L, Di Silvestre D, Kunkli BT, Uszkoreit J, Vandenbrouck Y, Vizcaíno JA, Winkelhardt D, Schwämmle V. WOMBAT-P: Benchmarking Label-Free Proteomics Data Analysis Workflows. J Proteome Res 2024; 23:418-429. [PMID: 38038272 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.3c00636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
The inherent diversity of approaches in proteomics research has led to a wide range of software solutions for data analysis. These software solutions encompass multiple tools, each employing different algorithms for various tasks such as peptide-spectrum matching, protein inference, quantification, statistical analysis, and visualization. To enable an unbiased comparison of commonly used bottom-up label-free proteomics workflows, we introduce WOMBAT-P, a versatile platform designed for automated benchmarking and comparison. WOMBAT-P simplifies the processing of public data by utilizing the sample and data relationship format for proteomics (SDRF-Proteomics) as input. This feature streamlines the analysis of annotated local or public ProteomeXchange data sets, promoting efficient comparisons among diverse outputs. Through an evaluation using experimental ground truth data and a realistic biological data set, we uncover significant disparities and a limited overlap in the quantified proteins. WOMBAT-P not only enables rapid execution and seamless comparison of workflows but also provides valuable insights into the capabilities of different software solutions. These benchmarking metrics are a valuable resource for researchers in selecting the most suitable workflow for their specific data sets. The modular architecture of WOMBAT-P promotes extensibility and customization. The software is available at https://github.com/wombat-p/WOMBAT-Pipelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Bouyssié
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale (IPBS), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Université Toulouse III─Paul Sabatier (UT3), 31062 Toulouse, France
- Proteomics French Infrastructure, ProFI, FR 2048 Toulouse, France
| | - Pınar Altıner
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale (IPBS), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Université Toulouse III─Paul Sabatier (UT3), 31062 Toulouse, France
| | | | - José M Fernández
- Life Sciences Department, Barcelona Supercomputing Center (BSC), 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Yanick Paco Hagemeijer
- Department of Analytical Biochemistry, University of Groningen, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, 9712 CP Groningen, The Netherlands
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Horvatovich
- Department of Analytical Biochemistry, University of Groningen, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, 9712 CP Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Martin Hubálek
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, CAS, 160 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Fredrik Levander
- National Bioinformatics Infrastructure Sweden (NBIS), Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Immunotechnology, Lund University, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Pierluigi Mauri
- Institute for Biomedical Technologies (ITB), Department of Biomedical Sciences, National Research Council (CNR), Segrate, 20054 Milan, Italy
| | - Magnus Palmblad
- Leiden University Medical Center, Postbus 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Wolfgang Raffelsberger
- Wolfgang Raffelsberger: Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS UMR7104, INSERM U1258, Illkirch, 1 Rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Illkirch, France
| | - Laura Rodríguez-Navas
- Life Sciences Department, Barcelona Supercomputing Center (BSC), 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Dario Di Silvestre
- Institute for Biomedical Technologies (ITB), Department of Biomedical Sciences, National Research Council (CNR), Segrate, 20054 Milan, Italy
| | - Balázs Tibor Kunkli
- Balázs Tibor Kunkli: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Julian Uszkoreit
- Medical Faculty, Medical Bioinformatics, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany
- Center for Protein Diagnostics (ProDi), Medical Proteome Analysis, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany
- Medical Faculty, Medizinisches Proteom-Center, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Yves Vandenbrouck
- Proteomics French Infrastructure, ProFI, FR 2048 Toulouse, France
- CEA, Fundamental Research Division, Proteomics French Infrastructure, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Juan Antonio Vizcaíno
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Trust, Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SD, U.K
| | - Dirk Winkelhardt
- Medical Faculty, Medizinisches Proteom-Center, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Veit Schwämmle
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense M, Denmark
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22
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Broberg MN, Ohlsson RT, Bondesson U, Pettersson C, Tidstedt B, Thevis M, Hedeland M. A multivariate data analysis approach for the investigation of in vitro derived metabolites of ACP-105 in comparison with human in vivo metabolites. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2023; 1231:123927. [PMID: 37972465 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2023.123927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Selective androgen receptor modulators (SARMs) such as ACP-105 are prohibited in sports due to their anabolic properties. ACP-105 has in previous equine studies shown to undergo extensive metabolism, which makes its metabolite profile important to investigate in humans, since the metabolism is unknown in this species. The aims of the study were to systematically optimize in vitro microsome incubations for improved metabolite yield and to utilize a multivariate data analysis (MVDA) approach to aid the metabolite discovery. Microsomes together with S9 fractions were used at optimal conditions, both with and without phase II additives. Furthermore, the relevance of the in vitro derived metabolites was evaluated as analytical targets in doping control by comparison with results from a human post-administration urine sample collected after a single dose of 100 µg ACP-105. All samples were analyzed with liquid chromatography - Orbitrap mass spectrometry. The use of the systematical optimization and MVDA greatly simplified the search and a total of 18 in vitro metabolites were tentatively identified. The yield of the two main monohydroxylated isomers increased by 24 and 10 times, respectively. In the human urine sample, a total of seven metabolites of ACP-105, formed by a combination of hydroxylations and glucuronic acid conjugations, were tentatively identified. The main metabolites were two monohydroxylated forms that are suggested as analytical targets for human doping control after hydrolysis. All the in vivo metabolites could be detected with the MVDA approach on the in vitro models, demonstrating its usefulness for prediction of the in vivo metabolite profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malin Nilsson Broberg
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, Box 574, 75123 Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Ulf Bondesson
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, Box 574, 75123 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Curt Pettersson
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, Box 574, 75123 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Börje Tidstedt
- Department of Chemistry, Environment and Feed Hygiene, National Veterinary Institute (SVA), 75189 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mario Thevis
- Institute of Biochemistry, Center for Preventive Doping Research, German Sport University, 50933 Cologne, Germany
| | - Mikael Hedeland
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, Box 574, 75123 Uppsala, Sweden.
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23
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Ramsbottom KA, Prakash A, Riverol YP, Camacho OM, Sun Z, Kundu DJ, Bowler-Barnett E, Martin M, Fan J, Chebotarov D, McNally KL, Deutsch EW, Vizcaíno JA, Jones AR. A meta-analysis of rice phosphoproteomics data to understand variation in cell signalling across the rice pan-genome. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.17.567512. [PMID: 38014076 PMCID: PMC10680829 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.17.567512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorylation is the most studied post-translational modification, and has multiple biological functions. In this study, we have re-analysed publicly available mass spectrometry proteomics datasets enriched for phosphopeptides from Asian rice (Oryza sativa). In total we identified 15,522 phosphosites on serine, threonine and tyrosine residues on rice proteins. We identified sequence motifs for phosphosites, and link motifs to enrichment of different biological processes, indicating different downstream regulation likely caused by different kinase groups. We cross-referenced phosphosites against the rice 3,000 genomes, to identify single amino acid variations (SAAVs) within or proximal to phosphosites that could cause loss of a site in a given rice variety. The data was clustered to identify groups of sites with similar patterns across rice family groups, for example those highly conserved in Japonica, but mostly absent in Aus type rice varieties - known to have different responses to drought. These resources can assist rice researchers to discover alleles with significantly different functional effects across rice varieties. The data has been loaded into UniProt Knowledge-Base - enabling researchers to visualise sites alongside other data on rice proteins e.g. structural models from AlphaFold2, PeptideAtlas and the PRIDE database - enabling visualisation of source evidence, including scores and supporting mass spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerry A Ramsbottom
- Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7BE, United Kingdom
| | - Ananth Prakash
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, EMBL-European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SD, United Kingdom
| | - Yasset Perez Riverol
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, EMBL-European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SD, United Kingdom
| | - Oscar Martin Camacho
- Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7BE, United Kingdom
| | - Zhi Sun
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, Washington 98109, United States
| | - Deepti J. Kundu
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, EMBL-European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SD, United Kingdom
| | - Emily Bowler-Barnett
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, EMBL-European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SD, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Martin
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, EMBL-European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SD, United Kingdom
| | - Jun Fan
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, EMBL-European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SD, United Kingdom
| | - Dmytro Chebotarov
- International Rice Research Institute, DAPO 7777, Manila 1301, Philippines
| | - Kenneth L McNally
- International Rice Research Institute, DAPO 7777, Manila 1301, Philippines
| | - Eric W Deutsch
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, Washington 98109, United States
| | - Juan Antonio Vizcaíno
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, EMBL-European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SD, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew R Jones
- Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7BE, United Kingdom
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24
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Kusebauch U, Lorenzetti APR, Campbell DS, Pan M, Shteynberg D, Kapil C, Midha MK, López García de Lomana A, Baliga NS, Moritz RL. A comprehensive spectral assay library to quantify the Halobacterium salinarum NRC-1 proteome by DIA/SWATH-MS. Sci Data 2023; 10:697. [PMID: 37833331 PMCID: PMC10575869 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-023-02590-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Data-Independent Acquisition (DIA) is a mass spectrometry-based method to reliably identify and reproducibly quantify large fractions of a target proteome. The peptide-centric data analysis strategy employed in DIA requires a priori generated spectral assay libraries. Such assay libraries allow to extract quantitative data in a targeted approach and have been generated for human, mouse, zebrafish, E. coli and few other organisms. However, a spectral assay library for the extreme halophilic archaeon Halobacterium salinarum NRC-1, a model organism that contributed to several notable discoveries, is not publicly available yet. Here, we report a comprehensive spectral assay library to measure 2,563 of 2,646 annotated H. salinarum NRC-1 proteins. We demonstrate the utility of this library by measuring global protein abundances over time under standard growth conditions. The H. salinarum NRC-1 library includes 21,074 distinct peptides representing 97% of the predicted proteome and provides a new, valuable resource to confidently measure and quantify any protein of this archaeon. Data and spectral assay libraries are available via ProteomeXchange (PXD042770, PXD042774) and SWATHAtlas (SAL00312-SAL00319).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrike Kusebauch
- Institute for Systems Biology, 401 Terry Ave N, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | | | - David S Campbell
- Institute for Systems Biology, 401 Terry Ave N, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Min Pan
- Institute for Systems Biology, 401 Terry Ave N, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - David Shteynberg
- Institute for Systems Biology, 401 Terry Ave N, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Charu Kapil
- Institute for Systems Biology, 401 Terry Ave N, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Mukul K Midha
- Institute for Systems Biology, 401 Terry Ave N, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Adrián López García de Lomana
- Institute for Systems Biology, 401 Terry Ave N, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
- Center for Systems Biology, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Nitin S Baliga
- Institute for Systems Biology, 401 Terry Ave N, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
- Departments of Biology and Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Robert L Moritz
- Institute for Systems Biology, 401 Terry Ave N, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA.
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25
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Wu L, Hoque A, Lam H. Spectroscape enables real-time query and visualization of a spectral archive in proteomics. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6267. [PMID: 37805652 PMCID: PMC10560257 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42006-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023] Open
Abstract
In proteomics, spectral archives organize the enormous amounts of publicly available peptide tandem mass spectra by similarity, offering opportunities for error correction and novel discoveries. Here we adapt an indexing algorithm developed by Facebook for organizing online multimedia resources to tandem mass spectra and achieve practically instantaneous retrieval and clustering of approximate nearest neighbors in a large spectral archive. An interactive web-based graphical user interface enables the user to view a query spectrum in its clustered neighborhood, which facilitates contextual validation of peptide identifications and exploration of the dark proteome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Wu
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong
| | - Ayman Hoque
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong
| | - Henry Lam
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong.
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26
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Chambers LR, Ye Q, Cai J, Gong M, Ledvina HE, Zhou H, Whiteley AT, Suhandynata RT, Corbett KD. Bacterial antiviral defense pathways encode eukaryotic-like ubiquitination systems. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.09.26.559546. [PMID: 37808811 PMCID: PMC10557695 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.26.559546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Ubiquitination and related pathways play crucial roles in protein homeostasis, signaling, and innate immunity1-3. In these pathways, an enzymatic cascade of E1, E2, and E3 proteins conjugates ubiquitin or a ubiquitin-like protein (Ubl) to target-protein lysine residues4. Bacteria encode ancient relatives of E1 and Ubl proteins involved in sulfur metabolism5,6 but these proteins do not mediate Ubl-target conjugation, leaving open the question of whether bacteria can perform ubiquitination-like protein conjugation. Here, we demonstrate that a bacterial antiviral immune system encodes a complete ubiquitination pathway. Two structures of a bacterial E1:E2:Ubl complex reveal striking architectural parallels with canonical eukaryotic ubiquitination machinery. The bacterial E1 encodes an N-terminal inactive adenylation domain (IAD) and a C-terminal active adenylation domain (AAD) with a mobile α-helical insertion containing the catalytic cysteine (CYS domain). One structure reveals a pre-reaction state with the bacterial Ubl C-terminus positioned for adenylation, and the E1 CYS domain poised nearby for thioester formation. A second structure mimics an E1-to-E2 transthioesterification state, with the E1 CYS domain rotated outward and its catalytic cysteine adjacent to the bound E2. We show that a deubiquitinase (DUB) in the same pathway pre-processes the bacterial Ubl, exposing its C-terminal glycine for adenylation. Finally, we show that the bacterial E1 and E2 collaborate to conjugate Ubl to target-protein lysine residues. Together, these data reveal that bacteria possess bona fide ubiquitination systems with strong mechanistic and architectural parallels to canonical eukaryotic ubiquitination pathways, suggesting that these pathways arose first in bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia R. Chambers
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla CA, USA
| | - Qiaozhen Ye
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla CA, USA
| | - Jiaxi Cai
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla CA, USA
| | - Minheng Gong
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla CA, USA
| | - Hannah E. Ledvina
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder CO, USA
| | - Huilin Zhou
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla CA, USA
| | - Aaron T. Whiteley
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder CO, USA
| | - Raymond T. Suhandynata
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla CA, USA
| | - Kevin D. Corbett
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla CA, USA
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla CA, USA
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27
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Pandeswari PB, Isaac AE, Sabareesh V. Database Creator for Mass Analysis of Peptides and Proteins, DC-MAPP: A Standalone Tool for Simplifying Manual Analysis of Mass Spectral Data to Identify Peptide/Protein Sequences. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2023; 34:1962-1969. [PMID: 37526995 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.3c00030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
Proteomic studies typically involve the use of different types of software for annotating experimental tandem mass spectrometric data (MS/MS) and thereby simplifying the process of peptide and protein identification. For such annotations, these softwares calculate the m/z values of the peptide/protein precursor and fragment ions, for which a database of protein sequences must be provided as an input file. The calculated m/z values are stored as another database, which the user usually cannot view. Database Creator for Mass Analysis of Peptides and Proteins (DC-MAPP) is a novel standalone software that can create custom databases for "viewing" the calculated m/z values of precursor and fragment ions, prior to the database search. It contains three modules. Peptide/Protein sequences as per user's choice can be entered as input to the first module for creating a custom database. In the second module, m/z values must be queried-in, which are searched within the custom database to identify protein/peptide sequences. The third module is suited for peptide mass fingerprinting, which can be used to analyze both ESI and MALDI mass spectral data. The feature of "viewing" the custom database can be helpful not only for better understanding the search engine processes, but also for designing multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) methods. Post-translational modifications and protein isoforms can also be analyzed. Since, DC-MAPP relies on the protein/peptide "sequences" for creating custom databases, it may not be applicable for the searches involving spectral libraries. Python language was used for implementation, and the graphical user interface was built with Page/Tcl, making this tool more user-friendly. It is freely available at https://vit.ac.in/DC-MAPP/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pandi Boomathi Pandeswari
- Centre for Bio-Separation Technology (CBST), Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu - 632014, India
| | - Arnold Emerson Isaac
- Bioinformatics Programming Laboratory, School of Bio Sciences & Technology (SBST), VIT, Vellore, Tamil Nadu - 632014, India
| | - Varatharajan Sabareesh
- Centre for Bio-Separation Technology (CBST), Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu - 632014, India
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28
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Chen YL, Lin FW, Cheng KT, Chang CH, Hung SC, Efferth T, Chen YR. XCP1 cleaves Pathogenesis-related protein 1 into CAPE9 for systemic immunity in Arabidopsis. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4697. [PMID: 37542077 PMCID: PMC10403534 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40406-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteolytic activation of cytokines regulates immunity in diverse organisms. In animals, cysteine-dependent aspartate-specific proteases (caspases) play central roles in cytokine maturation. Although the proteolytic production of peptide cytokines is also essential for plant immunity, evidence for cysteine-dependent aspartate-specific proteases in regulating plant immunity is still limited. In this study, we found that the C-terminal proteolytic processing of a caspase-like substrate motif "CNYD" within Pathogenesis-related protein 1 (PR1) generates an immunomodulatory cytokine (CAPE9) in Arabidopsis. Salicylic acid enhances CNYD-targeted protease activity and the proteolytic release of CAPE9 from PR1 in Arabidopsis. This process involves a protease exhibiting caspase-like enzyme activity, identified as Xylem cysteine peptidase 1 (XCP1). XCP1 exhibits a calcium-modulated pH-activity profile and a comparable activity to human caspases. XCP1 is required to induce systemic immunity triggered by pathogen-associated molecular patterns. This work reveals XCP1 as a key protease for plant immunity, which produces the cytokine CAPE9 from the canonical salicylic acid signaling marker PR1 to activate systemic immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Lan Chen
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
| | - Fan-Wei Lin
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Tan Cheng
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Hsin Chang
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
- Molecular and Biological Agricultural Sciences Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
- Taiwan Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Chi Hung
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Yet-Ran Chen
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan.
- Molecular and Biological Agricultural Sciences Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan.
- Taiwan Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan.
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan.
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29
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Baijal K, Abramchuk I, Herrera CM, Stephen Trent M, Lavallée-Adam M, Downey M. Proteomics analysis reveals a role for E. coli polyphosphate kinase in membrane structure and polymyxin resistance during starvation. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.07.06.546892. [PMID: 37461725 PMCID: PMC10350021 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.06.546892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Polyphosphates (polyP) are chains of inorganic phosphates that can reach over 1000 residues in length. In Escherichia coli, polyP is produced by the polyP kinase (PPK) and is thought to play a protective role during the response to cellular stress. However, the molecular pathways impacted by PPK activity and polyP accumulation remain poorly characterized. In this work we used label-free mass spectrometry to study the response of bacteria that cannot produce polyP (∆ppk) during starvation to identify novel pathways regulated by PPK. In response to starvation, we found 92 proteins significantly differentially expressed between wild-type and ∆ppk mutant cells. Wild-type cells were enriched for proteins related to amino acid biosynthesis and transport, while Δppk mutants were enriched for proteins related to translation and ribosome biogenesis, suggesting that without PPK, cells remain inappropriately primed for growth even in the absence of required building blocks. From our dataset, we were particularly interested in Arn and EptA proteins, which were downregulated in ∆ppk mutants compared to wild-type controls, because they play a role in lipid A modifications linked to polymyxin resistance. Using western blotting, we confirm differential expression of these and related proteins, and provide evidence that this mis-regulation in ∆ppk cells stems from a failure to induce the BasS/BasR two-component system during starvation. We also show that ∆ppk mutants unable to upregulate Arn and EptA expression lack the respective L-Ara4N and pEtN modifications on lipid A. In line with this observation, loss of ppk restores polymyxin sensitivity in resistant strains carrying a constitutively active basR allele. Overall, we show a new role for PPK in lipid A modification during starvation and provide a rationale for targeting PPK to sensitize bacteria towards polymyxin treatment. We further anticipate that our proteomics work will provide an important resource for researchers interested in the diverse pathways impacted by PPK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanchi Baijal
- Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Iryna Abramchuk
- Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Carmen M. Herrera
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - M. Stephen Trent
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Mathieu Lavallée-Adam
- Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael Downey
- Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Cerdán-Vélez D, Tress ML. Lost in the WASH. The functional human WASH complex 1 gene is on chromosome 20. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.06.14.544951. [PMID: 37398104 PMCID: PMC10312774 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.14.544951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
The WASH1 gene produces a protein that forms part of the developmentally important WASH complex. The WASH complex activates the Arp2/3 complex to initiate branched actin networks at the surface of endosomes. As a curiosity, the human reference gene set includes nine WASH1 genes. How many of these are pseudogenes and how many are bona fide coding genes is not clear. Eight of the nine WASH1 genes reside in rearrangement and duplication-prone subtelomeric regions. Many of these subtelomeric regions had gaps in the GRCh38 human genome assembly, but the recently published T2T-CHM13 assembly from the Telomere to Telomere (T2T) Consortium has filled in the gaps. As a result, the T2T Consortium has added four new WASH1 paralogues in previously unannotated subtelomeric regions. Here we show that one of these four novel WASH1 genes, LOC124908094, is the gene most likely to produce the functional WASH1 protein. We also demonstrate that the other twelve WASH1 genes derived from a single WASH8P pseudogene on chromosome 12. These 12 genes include WASHC1, the gene currently annotated as the functional WASH1 gene. We propose LOC124908094 should be annotated as a coding gene and all functional information relating to the WASHC1 gene on chromosome 9 should be transferred to LOC124908094. The remaining WASH1 genes, including WASHC1. should be annotated as pseudogenes. This work confirms that the T2T assembly has added at least one functionally relevant coding gene to the human reference set. It remains to be seen whether other important coding genes are missing from the GRCh38 reference assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael L Tress
- Bioinformatics Unit, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO)
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van Wijk KJ, Leppert T, Sun Z, Deutsch EW. Does the Ubiquitination Degradation Pathway Really Reach inside of the Chloroplast? A Re-Evaluation of Mass Spectrometry-Based Assignments of Ubiquitination. J Proteome Res 2023. [PMID: 37092802 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.3c00178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
A recent paper in Science Advances by Sun et al. claims that intra-chloroplast proteins in the model plant Arabidopsis can be polyubiquitinated and then extracted into the cytosol for subsequent degradation by the proteasome. Most of this conclusion hinges on several sets of mass spectrometry (MS) data. If the proposed results and conclusion are true, this would be a major change in the proteolysis/proteostasis field, breaking the long-standing dogma that there are no polyubiquitination mechanisms within chloroplast organelles (nor in mitochondria). Given its importance, we reanalyzed their raw MS data using both open and closed sequence database searches and encountered many issues not only with the results but also discrepancies between stated methods (e.g., use of alkylating agent iodoacetamide (IAA)) and observed mass modifications. Although there is likely enrichment of ubiquitination signatures in a subset of the data (probably from ubiquitination in the cytosol), we show that runaway alkylation with IAA caused extensive artifactual modifications of N termini and lysines to the point that a large fraction of the desired ubiquitination signatures is indistinguishable from artifactual acetamide signatures, and thus, no intra-chloroplast polyubiquitination conclusions can be drawn from these data. We provide recommendations on how to avoid such perils in future work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaas J van Wijk
- Section of Plant Biology, School of Integrative Plant Sciences (SIPS), Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Tami Leppert
- Institute for Systems Biology (ISB), Seattle, Washington 98109, United States
| | - Zhi Sun
- Institute for Systems Biology (ISB), Seattle, Washington 98109, United States
| | - Eric W Deutsch
- Institute for Systems Biology (ISB), Seattle, Washington 98109, United States
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