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Yang C, Xiao J, Xu Z, Wang Z. Gut Microbiota Changes and Its Potential Relations with Thyroid Disorders: From Composition to Therapeutic Targets. Int J Gen Med 2024; 17:3719-3731. [PMID: 39219667 PMCID: PMC11363920 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s481183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 08/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Composed of over 1200 species of anaerobes and aerobes bacteria along with bacteriophages, viruses, and fungal species, the human gut microbiota (GM) is vital to health, including digestive equilibrium, immunologic, hormonal, and metabolic homeostasis. Micronutrients, usually refer to trace elements (copper, iodine, iron, selenium, zinc) and vitamins (A, C, D, E), interact with the GM to influence host immune metabolism. So far, microbiome studies have revealed an association between disturbances in the microbiota and various pathological disorders, such as anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis, anxiety, depression, early-onset cancers, type 1 diabetes (T1D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D). As common conditions, thyroid diseases, encompassing Graves' disease (GD), Graves' orbitopathy (GO), Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT), benign nodules, and papillary thyroid cancer (TC), have negative impacts on the health of all populations. Following recent studies, GM might play an integral role in triggering diseases of the thyroid gland. Not only do environmental triggers and genetic predisposing background lead to auto-aggressive damage, involving cellular and humoral networks of the immune system, but the intestinal microbiota interacts with distant organs by signals that may be part of the bacteria themselves or their metabolites. The review aims to describe the current knowledge about the GM in the metabolism of thyroid hormones and the pathogenesis of thyroid diseases and its involvement in the appearance of benign nodules and papillary TC. We further focused on the reciprocal interaction between GM composition and the most used treatment drugs for thyroid disorders. However, the exact etiology has not yet been known. To elucidate more precisely the mechanism for GM involvement in the development of thyroid diseases, future work is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cai Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical Center Hospital of Qionglai City, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611530, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiafeng Xiao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical Center Hospital of Qionglai City, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611530, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zibei Xu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical Center Hospital of Qionglai City, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611530, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zehong Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical Center Hospital of Qionglai City, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611530, People’s Republic of China
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Xu M, Li M, Benz F, Merchant M, McClain CJ, Song M. Ileum Proteomics Identifies Distinct Pathways Associated with Different Dietary Doses of Copper-Fructose Interactions: Implications for the Gut-Liver Axis and MASLD. Nutrients 2024; 16:2083. [PMID: 38999831 PMCID: PMC11242941 DOI: 10.3390/nu16132083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Revised: 06/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The interactions of different dietary doses of copper with fructose contribute to the development of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) via the gut-liver axis. The underlying mechanisms remain elusive. The aim of this study was to identify the specific pathways leading to gut barrier dysfunction in the ileum using a proteomics approach in a rat model. Male weanling Sprague Dawley rats were fed diets with adequate copper (CuA), marginal copper (CuM), or supplemented copper (CuS) in the absence or presence of fructose supplementation (CuAF, CuMF, and CuSF) for 4 weeks. Ileum protein was extracted and analyzed with an LC-MS. A total of 2847 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were identified and submitted to functional enrichment analysis. As a result, the ileum proteome and signaling pathways that were differentially altered were revealed. Of note, the CuAF is characterized by the enrichment of oxidative phosphorylation and ribosome as analyzed with the KEGG; the CuMF is characterized by an enriched arachidonic acid metabolism pathway; and focal adhesion, the regulation of the actin cytoskeleton, and tight junction were significantly enriched by the CuSF. In conclusion, our proteomics analysis identified the specific pathways in the ileum related to the different dietary doses of copper-fructose interactions, suggesting that distinct mechanisms in the gut are involved in the development of MASLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manman Xu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; (M.X.); (C.J.M.)
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; (M.L.); (M.M.)
- Hepatobiology & Toxicology Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Frederick Benz
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA;
| | - Michael Merchant
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; (M.L.); (M.M.)
- Hepatobiology & Toxicology Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
- University of Louisville Alcohol Research Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Craig J. McClain
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; (M.X.); (C.J.M.)
- Hepatobiology & Toxicology Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA;
- University of Louisville Alcohol Research Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
- Robley Rex Louisville VAMC, Louisville, KY 40206, USA
| | - Ming Song
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; (M.X.); (C.J.M.)
- Hepatobiology & Toxicology Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
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Zhang Z, Peng Q, Huo D, Jiang S, Ma C, Chang H, Chen K, Li C, Pan Y, Zhang J. Melatonin Regulates the Neurotransmitter Secretion Disorder Induced by Caffeine Through the Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis in Zebrafish ( Danio rerio). Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:678190. [PMID: 34095150 PMCID: PMC8172981 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.678190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Melatonin has been widely used as a “probiotic agent” capable of producing strong neurotransmitter secretion regulatory effects, and the microbiota-gut-brain axis-related studies have also highlighted the role of the gut microbiota in neuromodulation. In the present study, a zebrafish neural hyperactivity model was established using caffeine induction to explore the regulatory effects of melatonin and probiotic on neurotransmitter secretion disorder in zebrafish. Disorders of brain neurotransmitter secretion (dopamine, γ-aminobutyric acid, and 5-hydroxytryptamine) caused by caffeine were improved after interference treatment with melatonin or probiotic. Shotgun metagenomic sequencing demonstrated that the melatonin-treated zebrafish gradually restored their normal intestinal microbiota and metabolic pathways. Germ-free (GF) zebrafish were used to verify the essential role of intestinal microbes in the regulation of neurotransmitter secretion. The results of the neurotransmitter and short-chain fatty acid determination revealed that the effect on the zebrafish in the GF group could not achieve that on the zebrafish in the melatonin group after adding the same dose of melatonin. The present research revealed the potential mode of action of melatonin through the microbiota-gut-brain axis to regulate the disruption of neurotransmitter secretion, supporting the future development of psychotropic drugs targeting the intestinal microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Functional Food of Hainan Province, College of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Qiannan Peng
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Functional Food of Hainan Province, College of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, China.,Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Dongxue Huo
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Functional Food of Hainan Province, College of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Shuaiming Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Functional Food of Hainan Province, College of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Chenchen Ma
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Functional Food of Hainan Province, College of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Haibo Chang
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Functional Food of Hainan Province, College of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Kaining Chen
- Hainan Provincial People's Hospital, Haikou, China
| | - Congfa Li
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Functional Food of Hainan Province, College of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Yonggui Pan
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Functional Food of Hainan Province, College of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Jiachao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Functional Food of Hainan Province, College of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, China
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Song X, Wang Y, Guan R, Ma N, Yin L, Zhong M, Wang T, Shi L, Geng Y. Effects of pine pollen wall on gut microbiota and biomarkers in mice with dyslipidemia. Phytother Res 2021; 35:2057-2073. [PMID: 33210367 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Pinus yunnanensis pollen is rich in various physiological functions. However, whether the pine pollen wall (PW) plays a beneficial role in the body has not been studied. In this work, we have analyzed its effects on the metabolism and gut microbiota of mouse models of dyslipidemia. We found that the intake of pine PW prevents the liver pathologic changes and reduce the concentrations of TNF-α, IL-6, TC, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Moreover, it can regulate bile acid and fat metabolism, SCFAs content, and the structure of the gut microbiota. According to the change of carbohydrate metabolites, we speculated that cellulose should be the main component to play the above beneficial role, and sporopollenin cannot be utilized in the intestine. Therefore, we consider this study of great significance as it gives a description of biological effects of the pine PW and paves the road to its use in health products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Song
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety of SDNU, Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistant Biology, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Yali Wang
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety of SDNU, Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistant Biology, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Rui Guan
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety of SDNU, Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistant Biology, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Ning Ma
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety of SDNU, Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistant Biology, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Lei Yin
- Research and Development Center, Yantai New Era Health Industry Co., Ltd., Yantai, China
| | - Micun Zhong
- Research and Development Center, Yantai New Era Health Industry Co., Ltd., Yantai, China
| | - Tong Wang
- Research and Development Center, Yantai New Era Health Industry Co., Ltd., Yantai, China
| | - Lihua Shi
- Research and Development Center, Yantai New Era Health Industry Co., Ltd., Yantai, China
| | - Yue Geng
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety of SDNU, Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistant Biology, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
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5
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Maj M, Harbottle B, Thomas PA, Hernandez GV, Smith VA, Edwards MS, Fanter RK, Glanz HS, Immoos C, Burrin DG, Santiago-Rodriguez TM, La Frano MR, Manjarín R. Consumption of High-Fructose Corn Syrup Compared with Sucrose Promotes Adiposity and Increased Triglyceridemia but Comparable NAFLD Severity in Juvenile Iberian Pigs. J Nutr 2021; 151:1139-1149. [PMID: 33693900 PMCID: PMC8112773 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxaa441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fructose consumption has been linked to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in children. However, the effect of high-fructose corn syrup (HFCS) compared with sucrose in pediatric NAFLD has not been investigated. OBJECTIVES We tested whether the isocaloric substitution of dietary sucrose by HFCS would increase the severity of NAFLD in juvenile pigs, and whether this effect would be associated with changes in gut histology, SCFA production, and microbial diversity. METHODS Iberian pigs, 53-d-old and pair-housed in pens balanced for weight and sex, were randomly assigned to receive a mash diet top-dressed with increasing amounts of sucrose (SUC; n = 3 pens; 281.6-486.8 g/kg diet) or HFCS (n = 4; 444.3-724.8 g/kg diet) during 16 wk. Diets exceeded the animal's energy requirements by providing sugars in excess, but met the requirements for all other nutrients. Animals were killed at 165 d of age after blood sampling, and liver, muscle, and gut were collected for histology, metabolome, and microbiome analyses. Data were analyzed by multivariate and univariate statistics. RESULTS Compared with SUC, HFCS increased subcutaneous fat, triacylglycerides in plasma, and butyrate in colon (P ≤ 0.05). In addition, HFCS decreased UMP and short-chain acyl carnitines in liver, and urea nitrogen and creatinine in serum (P ≤ 0.05). Microbiome analysis showed a 24.8% average dissimilarity between HFCS and SUC associated with changes in SCFA-producing bacteria. Body weight gain, intramuscular fat, histological and serum markers of liver injury, and circulating hormones, glucose, and proinflammatory cytokines did not differ between diets. CONCLUSIONS Fructose consumption derived from HFCS promoted butyrate synthesis, triglyceridemia, and subcutaneous lipid deposition in juvenile Iberian pigs, but did not increase serum and histological markers of NAFLD compared with a sucrose-enriched diet. Longer studies could be needed to observe differences in liver injury among sugar types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Maj
- Biological Sciences Department, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA, USA,Center for Applications in Biotechnology, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA, USA
| | - Brooke Harbottle
- Animal Science Department, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA, USA
| | - Payton A Thomas
- Animal Science Department, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA, USA
| | - Gabriella V Hernandez
- Animal Science Department, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA, USA
| | - Victoria A Smith
- Animal Science Department, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA, USA
| | - Mark S Edwards
- Animal Science Department, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA, USA
| | - Rob K Fanter
- College of Agriculture, Food and Environmental Sciences, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA, USA,Center for Health Research, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA, USA
| | - Hunter S Glanz
- Statistics Department, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA, USA
| | - Chad Immoos
- Chemistry and Biochemistry Department, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA, USA
| | - Douglas G Burrin
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Services, Children's Nutrition Research Center, Section of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Michael R La Frano
- Center for Health Research, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA, USA,Food Science and Nutrition Department, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA, USA
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6
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Li CY, Li XY, Shen L, Ji HF. Regulatory effects of transition metals supplementation/deficiency on the gut microbiota. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:1007-1015. [PMID: 33449129 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11096-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Transition metal ions are essential micronutrients for all living organisms and exert a wide range of effects on human health. The uptake of transition metal ions occurs primarily in the gastrointestinal tract, which is colonized by trillions of bacterial cells. In recent years, increasing studies have indicated that transition metals have regulatory effects on the gut microbiota. In view of the significant effect of the gut microbiota on human health and involvement in the pathogenesis of a wide range of diseases, in this paper, we provide a comprehensive discussion on the regulatory effects of four kinds of transition metal ions on the gut microbiota. A total of 20 animal model and human studies concerning the regulatory effects of four types of transition metal ions (i.e., iron, copper, zinc, and manganese) on gut microbiota were summarized. Both the deficiency and supplementation of these transition metal ions on the gut microbiota were considered. Furthermore, the potential mechanisms governing the regulatory effects of transition metal ions on the gut microbiota were also discussed. KEY POINTS : • Regulatory effects of iron, copper, zinc, and manganese on gut microbiota were reviewed. • Both deficiency and supplementation of metal ions on gut microbiota were considered. • Mechanisms governing effects of metal ions on gut microbiota were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Yu Li
- Institute of Biomedical Research, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong, People's Republic of China.,Shandong Provincial Research Center for Bioinformatic Engineering and Technique, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin-Yu Li
- Institute of Biomedical Research, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong, People's Republic of China.,Shandong Provincial Research Center for Bioinformatic Engineering and Technique, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Shen
- Institute of Biomedical Research, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong, People's Republic of China. .,Shandong Provincial Research Center for Bioinformatic Engineering and Technique, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hong-Fang Ji
- Institute of Biomedical Research, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong, People's Republic of China. .,Shandong Provincial Research Center for Bioinformatic Engineering and Technique, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
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7
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Song M, Yuan F, Li X, Ma X, Yin X, Rouchka EC, Zhang X, Deng Z, Prough RA, McClain CJ. Analysis of sex differences in dietary copper-fructose interaction-induced alterations of gut microbial activity in relation to hepatic steatosis. Biol Sex Differ 2021; 12:3. [PMID: 33407877 PMCID: PMC7789350 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-020-00346-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inadequate copper intake and increased fructose consumption represent two important nutritional problems in the USA. Dietary copper-fructose interactions alter gut microbial activity and contribute to the development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The aim of this study is to determine whether dietary copper-fructose interactions alter gut microbial activity in a sex-differential manner and whether sex differences in gut microbial activity are associated with sex differences in hepatic steatosis. METHODS Male and female weanling Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were fed ad libitum with an AIN-93G purified rodent diet with defined copper content for 8 weeks. The copper content is 6 mg/kg and 1.5 mg/kg in adequate copper diet (CuA) and marginal copper diet (CuM), respectively. Animals had free access to either deionized water or deionized water containing 10% fructose (F) (w/v) as the only drink during the experiment. Body weight, calorie intake, plasma alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and liver histology as well as liver triglyceride were evaluated. Fecal microbial contents were analyzed by 16S ribosomal RNA (16S rRNA) sequencing. Fecal and cecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). RESULTS Male and female rats exhibit similar trends of changes in the body weight gain and calorie intake in response to dietary copper and fructose, with a generally higher level in male rats. Several female rats in the CuAF group developed mild steatosis, while no obvious steatosis was observed in male rats fed with CuAF or CuMF diets. Fecal 16S rRNA sequencing analysis revealed distinct alterations of the gut microbiome in male and female rats. Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) effect size (LEfSe) identified sex-specific abundant taxa in different groups. Further, total SCFAs, as well as, butyrate were decreased in a more pronounced manner in female CuMF rats than in male rats. Of note, the decreased SCFAs are concomitant with the reduced SCFA producers, but not correlated to hepatic steatosis. CONCLUSIONS Our data demonstrated sex differences in the alterations of gut microbial abundance, activities, and hepatic steatosis in response to dietary copper-fructose interaction in rats. The correlation between sex differences in metabolic phenotypes and alterations of gut microbial activities remains elusive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Song
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202 USA
- Hepatobiology&Toxicology Program, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202 USA
| | - Fang Yuan
- Hepatobiology&Toxicology Program, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202 USA
- University of Louisville Alcohol Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202 USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40208 USA
- Center for Regulatory and Environmental Analytical Metabolomics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40208 USA
| | - Xiaohong Li
- KBRIN Bioinformatics Core, Louisville, KY 40292 USA
| | - Xipeng Ma
- Hepatobiology&Toxicology Program, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202 USA
- University of Louisville Alcohol Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202 USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40208 USA
- Center for Regulatory and Environmental Analytical Metabolomics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40208 USA
| | - Xinmin Yin
- Hepatobiology&Toxicology Program, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202 USA
- University of Louisville Alcohol Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202 USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40208 USA
- Center for Regulatory and Environmental Analytical Metabolomics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40208 USA
| | | | - Xiang Zhang
- Hepatobiology&Toxicology Program, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202 USA
- University of Louisville Alcohol Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202 USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40208 USA
- Center for Regulatory and Environmental Analytical Metabolomics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40208 USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202 USA
| | - Zhongbin Deng
- Hepatobiology&Toxicology Program, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202 USA
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202 USA
- James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202 USA
| | - Russell A. Prough
- Hepatobiology&Toxicology Program, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202 USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202 USA
| | - Craig J. McClain
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202 USA
- Hepatobiology&Toxicology Program, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202 USA
- University of Louisville Alcohol Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202 USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202 USA
- Robley Rex Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Louisville, KY 40206 USA
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Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry-Based Metabolomics. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1280:57-67. [PMID: 33791974 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-51652-9_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Compared to one-dimensional gas chromatography with mass spectrometry (GC-MS), GC × GC-MS provides significantly increased peak capacity, resolution, and sensitivity for analysis of complex biological samples. In the last decade, GC × GC-MS has been increasingly applied to the discovery of metabolite biomarkers and elucidation of metabolic mechanisms in human diseases. The recent development of coupling GC × GC with a high-resolution mass spectrometer further accelerates these metabolomic applications. In this chapter, we will briefly review the instrumentation, sample preparation, data analysis, and applications of GC × GC-MS-based metabolomic analysis.
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Liu Y, Wu J, Xiao Y, Liu Q, Yu L, Tian F, Zhao J, Zhang H, Chen W, Zhai Q. Relief of Cadmium-Induced Intestinal Motility Disorder in Mice by Lactobacillus plantarum CCFM8610. Front Immunol 2020; 11:619574. [PMID: 33362802 PMCID: PMC7758470 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.619574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a toxic metal inducing a range of adverse effects on organs including liver and kidneys. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of Cd-induced intestinal toxicity through dietary intake is poorly studied. This study evaluated the toxic effects of Cd on intestinal physiology and confirmed the effectiveness of the protective mechanism of the probiotic Lactobacillus plantarum CCFM8610 against chronic Cd toxicity. After treatment with Cd, the HT-29 cell line was subjected to iTRAQ analysis, which revealed that changes in the proteomic profiles after Cd exposure were related to pathways involved in the stress response and carbohydrate metabolism. The results of an animal trial also indicated that 10 weeks of Cd exposure decreased the fecal water content and contractile response of colonic muscle strips in mice, and delayed the excretion time of the first black feces. L. plantarum CCFM8610 treatment provided protective effects against these Cd-induced intestinal motility dysfunctions by recovering the levels of neurotransmitters, including substance P, acetyl cholinesterase, vasoactive intestinal peptide, 5-hydroxytryptamine, calcitonin gene-related peptide, and nitric oxide, and suppressing the cellular stress response in mice (e.g., the inhibition of mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways). The administration of this probiotic was also observed to reduce Cd levels in the tissues and blood of the mice. Our results suggest a newly identified protective mechanism of probiotics against Cd toxicity that involves the recovery of intestinal motility and increase in fecal cadmium excretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Jiangping Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yue Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Qing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Leilei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Fengwei Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Jianxin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,Wuxi Translational Medicine Research Center and Jiangsu Translational Medicine Research Institute Wuxi Branch, Wuxi, China
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,Beijing Innovation Centre of Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing, China
| | - Qixiao Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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10
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Abstract
Copper accumulation and deficiency are reciprocally connected to lipid metabolism. In Wilson disease (WD), which is caused by a genetic loss of function of the copper-transporting P-type ATPase beta, copper accumulates mainly in the liver and lipid metabolism is dysregulated. The underlying mechanisms linking copper and lipid metabolism in WD are not clear. Copper may impair metabolic machinery by direct binding to protein and lipid structures or by generating reactive oxygen species with consequent damage to cellular organelles vital to energy metabolism. In the liver, copper overload results in mitochondrial impairment, down-regulation of lipid metabolism, and the development of steatosis with an etiology not fully elucidated. Little is known regarding the effect of copper overload on extrahepatic energy homeostasis. This review aims to discuss alterations in hepatic energy metabolism associated with WD, highlights potential mechanisms involved in the development of hepatic and systemic dysregulation of lipid metabolism, and reviews current knowledge on the effects of copper overload on extrahepatic energy metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tagreed A. Mazi
- Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA,Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Noreene M. Shibata
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Valentina Medici
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA,Corresponding author. (V. Medici)
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11
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Toxicity, gut microbiota and metabolome effects after copper exposure during early life in SD rats. Toxicology 2020; 433-434:152395. [PMID: 32027963 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2020.152395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Copper, an essential microelement, can still be harmful to health and has a significant impact on the gut microbiota, which is closely related to health when copper is ingested excessively. However, the effects of low dose exposure to copper early in life on health and the gut microbiota are not well understood. Here, the effects of early-life exposure of copper on the toxicity, gut microbiota and the metabolome were investigated in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. The results showed that 0.20 and 1.00 mg/kg BW copper early-life exposure in SD rats significantly increased ALT, AST, and ALP levels in the blood and caused liver damage. Copper exposure had a dose-dependent effect on the alpha and beta diversity and reduced the abundance of probiotics, the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes (F/B), and changed the abundance of fat metabolism and intestinal inflammation-related bacteria. The results of the fecal metabolome also demonstrated the effects of early-life copper exposure on liver damage and intestinal inflammation-related metabolic pathways. Together, our findings demonstrated that copper exposure during early life induced liver damage and gut microbiota dysbiosis and affected the relevant metabolic pathways.
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12
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Reis DJ, Ilardi SS, Namekata MS, Wing EK, Fowler CH. The depressogenic potential of added dietary sugars. Med Hypotheses 2020; 134:109421. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2019.109421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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13
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Using Multiple Analytical Platforms to Investigate the Androgen Depletion Effects on Fecal Metabolites in a Mouse Model of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. J Proteome Res 2019; 19:667-676. [PMID: 31820642 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.9b00558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease characterized by circulating autoantibodies that deposit in target organs (e.g., kidneys), resulting in chronic inflammation and eventual destruction of the organ. SLE is much more prevalent in females than males in both humans and spontaneous mouse models of lupus, such as NZBxNZW F1 (BWF1) mice. Depleting androgens by castration dramatically increases the susceptibility of BWF1 male to lupus. We compared fecal metabolite profiles of castrated BWF1 (androgen-depleted) male, intact (androgen-replete) male, and female mice. Four analytical platforms were employed to study the profiles of polar metabolites in mouse feces collected from adult BWF1 mice, and a total of 435 metabolites was identified. Of these, the abundance levels of 72 metabolites were significantly different between castrated and intact male groups, and 63 metabolites were different between female and male groups. Pathway analysis indicated that the pathway differences between castrated and intact male mice closely resembled the pathway differences between female and intact male mice, suggesting that low levels of androgens, whether due to depletion (castrated male) or endogenous (female), are associated with multiple fecal metabolomic alterations, which could potentially affect SLE progression. Our findings demonstrate that analyzing fecal metabolites using multiple analytical platforms holds great promise for detecting metabolomic alterations in complex disease model systems.
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14
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Prodhan MAI, Shi B, Song M, He L, Yuan F, Yin X, Bohman P, McClain CJ, Zhang X. Integrating comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography mass spectrometry and parallel two-dimensional liquid chromatography mass spectrometry for untargeted metabolomics. Analyst 2019; 144:4331-4341. [PMID: 31192319 PMCID: PMC6677244 DOI: 10.1039/c9an00560a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The diverse characteristics and large number of entities make metabolite separation challenging in metabolomics. To date, there is not a singular instrument capable of analyzing all types of metabolites. In order to achieve a better separation for higher peak capacity and accurate metabolite identification and quantification, we integrated GC × GC-MS and parallel 2DLC-MS for analysis of polar metabolites. To test the performance of the developed system, 13 rats were fed different diets to form two animal groups. Polar metabolites extracted from rat livers were analyzed by GC × GC-MS, parallel 2DLC-MS (-) and parallel 2DLC-MS (+), respectively. By integrating all data together, 58 metabolites were detected with significant change in their abundance levels between groups (p≤ 0.05). Of the 58 metabolites, three metabolites were detected in two platforms and two in all three platforms. Manual examination showed that discrepancy of metabolite regulation measured by different platforms was mainly caused by the poor shape of chromatographic peaks resulting from low instrument response. Pathway analysis demonstrated that integrating the results from multiple platforms increased the confidence of metabolic pathway assignment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Aminul Islam Prodhan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40208, USA. and University of Louisville Alcohol Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40208, USA and University of Louisville Hepatobiology & Toxicology Program, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40208, USA and Center for Regulatory and Environmental Analytical Metabolomics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40208, USA
| | - Biyun Shi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40208, USA. and Center for Regulatory and Environmental Analytical Metabolomics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40208, USA
| | - Ming Song
- University of Louisville Alcohol Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40208, USA and University of Louisville Hepatobiology & Toxicology Program, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40208, USA and Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40208, USA
| | - Liqing He
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40208, USA. and University of Louisville Alcohol Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40208, USA and University of Louisville Hepatobiology & Toxicology Program, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40208, USA and Center for Regulatory and Environmental Analytical Metabolomics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40208, USA
| | - Fang Yuan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40208, USA. and University of Louisville Alcohol Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40208, USA and University of Louisville Hepatobiology & Toxicology Program, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40208, USA and Center for Regulatory and Environmental Analytical Metabolomics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40208, USA
| | - Xinmin Yin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40208, USA. and Center for Regulatory and Environmental Analytical Metabolomics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40208, USA
| | - Patrick Bohman
- Thermo Fisher Scientific International Inc., 3000 Lakeside Dr., Bannockburn, IL 60015, USA
| | - Craig J McClain
- University of Louisville Alcohol Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40208, USA and University of Louisville Hepatobiology & Toxicology Program, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40208, USA and Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40208, USA and Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40208, USA and Robley Rex Louisville VAMC, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, USA
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40208, USA. and University of Louisville Alcohol Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40208, USA and University of Louisville Hepatobiology & Toxicology Program, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40208, USA and Center for Regulatory and Environmental Analytical Metabolomics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40208, USA and Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40208, USA
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15
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Xu J, Zhang QF, Zheng J, Yuan BF, Feng YQ. Mass spectrometry-based fecal metabolome analysis. Trends Analyt Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2018.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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16
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Nouri Moghadam F, Amirnasr M, Meghdadi S, Eskandari K, Buchholz A, Plass W. A new fluorene derived Schiff-base as a dual selective fluorescent probe for Cu 2+ and CN . SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2019; 207:6-15. [PMID: 30195186 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2018.08.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Revised: 08/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
A new fluorene based fluorogenic chemosensor, 2-[(9H-Fluoren-2-ylmethylene)-amino]-phenol (L), has been designed, synthesized, and characterized by CHN analyses and different spectroscopic methods. This turn-on fluorogenic chemosensor shows high selectivity and sensitivity toward Cu2+ and CN- with low detection limits of 1.54 × 10-9 M and 1.83 × 10-7 M, respectively. The stoichiometry ratio of L-Cu2+ in solution is 1:1, by the method of Job's plot and ESI-MS. The microcrystalline solid product of the chemosensor reaction with copper is characterized as CuL2. The χT value for CuL2 is temperature independent at a value of 0.403 cm3 K mol-1, which is in agreement with a mononuclear copper(II) complex with an isotropic g-value of 2.075. The fluorescence turn-on recognition process for detection of Cu2+ is attributed to the restricted imine isomerization and blocking of intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) quenching process in the analyte-bound sensor. The selectivity of L for Cu2+ is based on the chelation-enhanced fluorescence effect (CHEF) mechanism. Other interfering ions such as Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Ag+, Fe2+, Fe3+, Co2+, Ni2+, Zn2+, Cd2+, Hg2+, Mn2+, Pb2+ and Al3+, show no change in the fluorescence intensity of L in the presence of Cu2+. Furthermore, the compound L can be used as a fluorescence and colorimetric sensor for selective detection of CN- over a number of other anions based on the nucleophilic addition to the imine CN bond, with consequent hydrogen bond formation and electrostatic interaction of the resulting product with K+. The sensing mechanism for CN- was theoretically supported by DFT calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mehdi Amirnasr
- Department of Chemistry, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 8415683111, Iran.
| | - Soraia Meghdadi
- Department of Chemistry, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 8415683111, Iran
| | - Kiamars Eskandari
- Department of Chemistry, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 8415683111, Iran
| | - Axel Buchholz
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie II, Humboldtstr. 8, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Winfried Plass
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie II, Humboldtstr. 8, 07743 Jena, Germany
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17
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Song M, Vos MB, McClain CJ. Copper-Fructose Interactions: A Novel Mechanism in the Pathogenesis of NAFLD. Nutrients 2018; 10:E1815. [PMID: 30469339 PMCID: PMC6266129 DOI: 10.3390/nu10111815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Compelling epidemiologic data support the critical role of dietary fructose in the epidemic of obesity, metabolic syndrome and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The metabolic effects of fructose on the development of metabolic syndrome and NAFLD are not completely understood. High fructose intake impairs copper status, and copper-fructose interactions have been well documented in rats. Altered copper-fructose metabolism leads to exacerbated experimental metabolic syndrome and NAFLD. A growing body of evidence has demonstrated that copper levels are low in NAFLD patients. Moreover, hepatic and serum copper levels are inversely correlated with the severity of NAFLD. Thus, high fructose consumption and low copper availability are considered two important risk factors in NAFLD. However, the causal effect of copper-fructose interactions as well as the effects of fructose intake on copper status remain to be evaluated in humans. The aim of this review is to summarize the role of copper-fructose interactions in the pathogenesis of the metabolic syndrome and discuss the potential underlying mechanisms. This review will shed light on the role of copper homeostasis and high fructose intake and point to copper-fructose interactions as novel mechanisms in the fructose induced NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Song
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA.
- Hepatobiology&Toxicology Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA.
| | - Miriam B Vos
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30307, USA.
- Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
| | - Craig J McClain
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA.
- Hepatobiology&Toxicology Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA.
- University of Louisville Alcohol Research Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA.
- Robley Rex Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Louisville, KY 40206, USA.
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18
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Warner DR, Liu H, Ghosh Dastidar S, Warner JB, Prodhan MAI, Yin X, Zhang X, Feldstein AE, Gao B, Prough RA, McClain CJ, Kirpich IA. Ethanol and unsaturated dietary fat induce unique patterns of hepatic ω-6 and ω-3 PUFA oxylipins in a mouse model of alcoholic liver disease. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0204119. [PMID: 30256818 PMCID: PMC6157879 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0204119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD), a significant health problem, progresses through the course of several pathologies including steatosis, steatohepatitis, fibrosis, and cirrhosis. There are no effective FDA-approved medications to prevent or treat any stages of ALD, and the mechanisms involved in ALD pathogenesis are not well understood. Bioactive lipid metabolites play a crucial role in numerous pathological conditions, as well as in the induction and resolution of inflammation. Herein, a hepatic lipidomic analysis was performed on a mouse model of ALD with the objective of identifying novel metabolic pathways and lipid mediators associated with alcoholic steatohepatitis, which might be potential novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets for the disease. We found that ethanol and dietary unsaturated, but not saturated, fat caused elevated plasma ALT levels, hepatic steatosis and inflammation. These pathologies were associated with increased levels of bioactive lipid metabolites generally involved in pro-inflammatory responses, including 13-hydroxy-octadecadienoic acid, 9,10- and 12,13-dihydroxy-octadecenoic acids, 5-, 8-, 9-, 11-, 15-hydroxy-eicosatetraenoic acids, and 8,9- and 11,12-dihydroxy-eicosatrienoic acids, in parallel with an increase in pro-resolving mediators, such as lipoxin A4, 18-hydroxy-eicosapentaenoic acid, and 10S,17S-dihydroxy-docosahexaenoic acid. Elucidation of alterations in these lipid metabolites may shed new light into the molecular mechanisms underlying ALD development/progression, and be potential novel therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis R. Warner
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Huilin Liu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
- College of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shubha Ghosh Dastidar
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey B. Warner
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Md Aminul Islam Prodhan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Xinmin Yin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
- University of Louisville Alcohol Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
- Hepatobiology & Toxicology Program, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Ariel E. Feldstein
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Bin Gao
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Russell A. Prough
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
- University of Louisville Alcohol Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
- Hepatobiology & Toxicology Program, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Craig J. McClain
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
- University of Louisville Alcohol Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
- Hepatobiology & Toxicology Program, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
- Robley Rex Veterans Medical Center, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Irina A. Kirpich
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
- University of Louisville Alcohol Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
- Hepatobiology & Toxicology Program, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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19
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Song M, Li X, Zhang X, Shi H, Vos MB, Wei X, Wang Y, Gao H, Rouchka EC, Yin X, Zhou Z, Prough RA, Cave MC, McClain CJ. Dietary copper-fructose interactions alter gut microbial activity in male rats. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2018; 314:G119-G130. [PMID: 29025734 PMCID: PMC5866377 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00378.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Revised: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Dietary copper-fructose interactions contribute to the development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Gut microbiota play critical roles in the pathogenesis of NAFLD. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of different dietary doses of copper and their interactions with high fructose on gut microbiome. Male weanling Sprague-Dawley rats were fed diets with adequate copper (6 ppm CuA), marginal copper (1.5 ppm CuM) (low copper), or supplemented copper (20 ppm CuS) (high copper) for 4 wk. Deionized water or deionized water containing 30% fructose (wt/vol) was given ad libitum. Copper status, liver enzymes, gut barrier function, and gut microbiome were evaluated. Both low- and high-copper diets led to liver injury in high-fructose-fed rats, and this was associated with gut barrier dysfunction, as shown by the markedly decreased tight junction proteins and increased gut permeability. 16S rDNA sequencing analysis revealed distinct alterations of the gut microbiome associated with dietary low- and high-copper/high-fructose feeding. The common features of the alterations of the gut microbiome were the increased abundance of Firmicutes and the depletion of Akkermansia. However, they differed mainly within the phylum Firmicutes. Our data demonstrated that a complex interplay among host, microbes, and dietary copper-fructose interaction regulates gut microbial metabolic activity, which may contribute to the development of liver injury and hepatic steatosis. The distinct alterations of gut microbial activity, which were associated with the different dietary doses of copper and fructose, imply that separate mechanism(s) may be involved. NEW & NOTEWORTHY First, dietary low- and high-copper/high-fructose-induced liver injury are associated with distinct alterations of gut microbiome. Second, dietary copper level plays a critical role in maintaining the gut barrier integrity, likely by acting on the intestinal tight junction proteins and the protective commensal bacteria Akkermansia. Third, the alterations of gut microbiome induced by dietary low and high copper with or without fructose differ mainly within the phylum Firmicutes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Song
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Louisville School of Medicine , Louisville, Kentucky
- Hepatobiology and Toxicology Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine , Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Xiaohong Li
- Bioinformatics Core. University of Louisville School of Medicine , Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville School of Medicine , Louisville, Kentucky
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine , Louisville, Kentucky
- Hepatobiology and Toxicology Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine , Louisville, Kentucky
- University of Louisville Alcohol Research Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine , Louisville, Kentucky
- Center for Regulatory and Environmental Analytical Metabolomics, University of Louisville School of Medicine , Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Hongxue Shi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine , Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Miriam B Vos
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Xiaoli Wei
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville School of Medicine , Louisville, Kentucky
- Center for Regulatory and Environmental Analytical Metabolomics, University of Louisville School of Medicine , Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Yuhua Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University , Changchun , China
| | - Hong Gao
- Genomics Facility, University of Louisville School of Medicine , Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Eric C Rouchka
- Bioinformatics Core. University of Louisville School of Medicine , Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Xinmin Yin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville School of Medicine , Louisville, Kentucky
- Center for Regulatory and Environmental Analytical Metabolomics, University of Louisville School of Medicine , Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Zhanxiang Zhou
- Center for Translational Biomedical Research, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Kannapolis, North Carolina
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Kannapolis, North Carolina
| | - Russell A Prough
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Louisville School of Medicine , Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Matthew C Cave
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Louisville School of Medicine , Louisville, Kentucky
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine , Louisville, Kentucky
- Hepatobiology and Toxicology Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine , Louisville, Kentucky
- University of Louisville Alcohol Research Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine , Louisville, Kentucky
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Louisville School of Medicine , Louisville, Kentucky
- Robley Rex Louisville Veterans Afairs Medical Center , Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Craig J McClain
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Louisville School of Medicine , Louisville, Kentucky
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine , Louisville, Kentucky
- Hepatobiology and Toxicology Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine , Louisville, Kentucky
- University of Louisville Alcohol Research Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine , Louisville, Kentucky
- Robley Rex Louisville Veterans Afairs Medical Center , Louisville, Kentucky
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20
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Lambertz J, Weiskirchen S, Landert S, Weiskirchen R. Fructose: A Dietary Sugar in Crosstalk with Microbiota Contributing to the Development and Progression of Non-Alcoholic Liver Disease. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1159. [PMID: 28970836 PMCID: PMC5609573 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Fructose is one of the key dietary catalysts in the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). NAFLD comprises a complex disease spectrum, including steatosis (fatty liver), non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, hepatocyte injury, inflammation, and fibrosis. It is also the hepatic manifestation of the metabolic syndrome, which covers abdominal obesity, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, glucose intolerance, or type 2 diabetes mellitus. Commensal bacteria modulate the host immune system, protect against exogenous pathogens, and are gatekeepers in intestinal barrier function and maturation. Dysbalanced intestinal microbiota composition influences a variety of NAFLD-associated clinical conditions. Conversely, nutritional supplementation with probiotics and preobiotics impacting composition of gut microbiota can improve the outcome of NAFLD. In crosstalk with the host immune system, the gut microbiota is able to modulate inflammation, insulin resistance, and intestinal permeability. Moreover, the composition of microbiota of an individual is a kind of fingerprint highly influenced by diet. In addition, not only the microbiota itself but also its metabolites influence the metabolism and host immune system. The gut microbiota can produce vitamins and a variety of nutrients including short-chain fatty acids. Holding a healthy balance of the microbiota is therefore highly important. In the present review, we discuss the impact of long-term intake of fructose on the composition of the intestinal microbiota and its biological consequences in regard to liver homeostasis and disease. In particular, we will refer about fructose-induced alterations of the tight junction proteins affecting the gut permeability, leading to the translocation of bacteria and bacterial endotoxins into the blood circulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Lambertz
- Institute of Molecular Pathobiochemistry, Experimental Gene Therapy and Clinical Chemistry (IFMPEGKC), RWTH University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Sabine Weiskirchen
- Institute of Molecular Pathobiochemistry, Experimental Gene Therapy and Clinical Chemistry (IFMPEGKC), RWTH University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Silvano Landert
- Culture Collection of Switzerland AG (CCOS), Wädenswil, Switzerland
| | - Ralf Weiskirchen
- Institute of Molecular Pathobiochemistry, Experimental Gene Therapy and Clinical Chemistry (IFMPEGKC), RWTH University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
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21
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Zhang J, Yang G, Wen Y, Liu S, Li C, Yang R, Li W. Intestinal microbiota are involved in the immunomodulatory activities of longan polysaccharide. Mol Nutr Food Res 2017; 61. [PMID: 28679026 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201700466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2017] [Revised: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
It is difficult for polysaccharides to be directly absorbed through the intestine, which implies other utilization mechanisms involved in the bioactivity performance of polysaccharide. In this study, the multi-omics approach was applied to investigate the impacts of longan polysaccharide on mouse intestinal microbiome and the interaction between the polysaccharide-derived microbiome and host immune system. According to the result, the longan polysaccharide showed a significant improvement in the typical intestinal immunity index of mice. Meanwhile, at the taxonomy level, the intestinal microbiota from the control group and polysaccharide group were highly distinct in organismal structure. At the functional level, a significant decline in the microbial metabolites of pyruvate, butanoate fructose and mannose in the control group was found. Additionally, a significant increase was observed in the succinic acid and the short-chain fatty acid, including acetic acid, propionic acid and butyric acid, in the polysaccharide group. Furthermore, the multi-omic based network analysis indicated that the intake of longan polysaccharide resulted in the changes of the intestinal microbiota as well as the gut metabolites, which led to the enhancement of host's immune function under the stress conditions. These results indicated the polysaccharide-derived changes in intestinal microbiota were involved in the immunomodulatory activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiachao Zhang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Guangmei Yang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Yazhou Wen
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Sixin Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Congfa Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Ruili Yang
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wu Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou, China
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22
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Rojo D, Méndez-García C, Raczkowska BA, Bargiela R, Moya A, Ferrer M, Barbas C. Exploring the human microbiome from multiple perspectives: factors altering its composition and function. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2017; 41:453-478. [PMID: 28333226 PMCID: PMC5812509 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuw046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Our microbiota presents peculiarities and characteristics that may be altered by multiple factors. The degree and consequences of these alterations depend on the nature, strength and duration of the perturbations as well as the structure and stability of each microbiota. The aim of this review is to sketch a very broad picture of the factors commonly influencing different body sites, and which have been associated with alterations in the human microbiota in terms of composition and function. To do so, first, a graphical representation of bacterial, fungal and archaeal genera reveals possible associations among genera affected by different factors. Then, the revision of sequence-based predictions provides associations with functions that become part of the active metabolism. Finally, examination of microbial metabolite contents and fluxes reveals whether metabolic alterations are a reflection of the differences observed at the level of population structure, and in the last step, link microorganisms to functions under perturbations that differ in nature and aetiology. The utilisation of complementary technologies and methods, with a special focus on metabolomics research, is thoroughly discussed to obtain a global picture of microbiota composition and microbiome function and to convey the urgent need for the standardisation of protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Rojo
- Centro de Metabolómica y Bioanálisis (CEMBIO), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad CEU San Pablo, Campus Montepríncipe, 28668 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Beata Anna Raczkowska
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Rafael Bargiela
- Institute of Catalysis, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrés Moya
- Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Community Public Health (FISABIO), 46020 Valencia, Spain
- Network Research Center for Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBER-ESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Cavanilles de Biodiversidad y Biología Evolutiva, Universidad de Valencia, Paterna, 46980 Valencia, Spain
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Manuel Ferrer
- Institute of Catalysis, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Corresponding author: Institute of Catalysis, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 28049 Madrid, Spain. Tel: (+34) 915854872; E-mail:
| | - Coral Barbas
- Centro de Metabolómica y Bioanálisis (CEMBIO), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad CEU San Pablo, Campus Montepríncipe, 28668 Madrid, Spain
- These authors contributed equally to this work
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23
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Animal models and studies in adults have demonstrated that copper restriction increases severity of liver injury in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This has not been studied in children. We aimed to determine if lower tissue copper is associated with increased NAFLD severity in children. METHODS This was a retrospective study of pediatric patients who had a liver biopsy including a hepatic copper quantitation. The primary outcome compared hepatic copper concentration in NAFLD versus non-NAFLD. Secondary outcomes compared hepatic copper levels against steatosis, fibrosis, lobular inflammation, balloon degeneration, and NAFLD activity score (NAS). RESULTS The study analysis included 150 pediatric subjects (102 with NAFLD and 48 non-NAFLD). After adjusting for age, body mass index z score, gamma glutamyl transferase, alanine aminotransferase, and total bilirubin, NAFLD subjects had lower levels of hepatic copper than non-NAFLD (P = 0.005). In addition, tissue copper concentration decreased as steatosis severity increased (P < 0.001). Copper levels were not associated with degree of fibrosis, lobular inflammation, portal inflammation, or balloon degeneration. CONCLUSIONS In this cohort of pediatric subjects with NAFLD, we observed decreased tissue copper levels in subjects with NAFLD when compared with non-NAFLD subjects. In addition, tissue copper levels were lower in subjects with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, a more severe form of the disease, when compared with steatosis alone. Further studies are needed to explore the relationship between copper levels and NAFLD progression.
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