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Liu X, Fu B, Chen J, Sun Z, Zheng D, Li Z, Gu B, Zhang Y, Lu H. High-throughput intact Glycopeptide quantification strategy with targeted-MS (HTiGQs-target) reveals site-specific IgG N-glycopeptides as biomarkers for hepatic disorder diagnosis and staging. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 325:121499. [PMID: 38008487 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
Liver disease is one of the leading causes of global mortality, and identifying biomarkers for diagnosing the progression of liver diseases is crucial for improving its outcomes. Targeted mass spectrometry technology is a powerful tool with unique advantages for verifying biomarker candidates and clinical applications. It is particularly useful in validating protein biomarkers with post-translational modifications, eliminating the need for site-specific antibodies. Especially, targeted mass spectrometry technique is particularly critical for translation of glycoproteins into clinical applications as there are no site-specific antibodies for N-glycosylation. Nevertheless, its limitation in analyzing only one sample per run has become apparent when dealing with a large number of clinical samples. Herein, we developed a high-throughput intact N-glycopeptides quantification strategy with targeted-MS (HTiGQs-Target), which allows the validation of 20 samples per run with an average analysis time of only 3 min per sample. We applied HTiGQs-Target in a cohort of 461 serum samples (including 120 healthy controls (HC), 127 chronic hepatitis B (CHB) cases, 106 liver cirrhosis (LC) cases, and 108 hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC) cases) and found that a panel of 10 IgG N-glycopeptides have strong clinical utility in evaluating the severity of the liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejiao Liu
- Liver Cancer Institute of Zhongshan Hospital and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Chemistry and NHC Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugates Research, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Bin Fu
- Department of Chemistry and NHC Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugates Research, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jierong Chen
- Laboratory Medicine of Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital and Guangdong, Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, China
| | - Zhenyu Sun
- Liver Cancer Institute of Zhongshan Hospital and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Dongdong Zheng
- Department of Ultrasound, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Zhonghua Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Bing Gu
- Laboratory Medicine of Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital and Guangdong, Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, China.
| | - Ying Zhang
- Liver Cancer Institute of Zhongshan Hospital and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Chemistry and NHC Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugates Research, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Haojie Lu
- Liver Cancer Institute of Zhongshan Hospital and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Chemistry and NHC Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugates Research, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
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Butaye E, Somers N, Grossar L, Pauwels N, Lefere S, Devisscher L, Raevens S, Geerts A, Meuris L, Callewaert N, Van Vlierberghe H, Verhelst X. Systematic review: Glycomics as diagnostic markers for hepatocellular carcinoma. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2024; 59:23-38. [PMID: 37877758 DOI: 10.1111/apt.17748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most prevalent primary liver cancer with one of the highest cancer-related mortality rates worldwide. Early diagnosis is crucial for improving the therapeutic options and reducing the disease-related mortality. AIM To investigate serum N-glycomics as diagnostic markers for HCC. METHODS We performed a comprehensive search in PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science and Scopus through August 17, 2023. Eligible studies assessed the potential use of serum N-glycomics as diagnostic biomarkers for HCC. Study selection, data extraction and quality assessment were performed by two independent reviewers. RESULTS Of the 48 articles included, 11 evaluated the utility of N-glycomics for the diagnosis of HCC in whole serum while the remaining articles focused on specific protein glycoforms or protein levels. Of these specific proteins, haptoglobin, alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), kininogen (Kin), α-1-antitrypsin and Golgi protein 73 (GP73) were the most frequently studied. Increased levels of fucosylation and branching presented as the most prevalent post-translational modifications of glycoproteins in patients with HCC compared to controls. Notably, glycomics-based biomarkers may provide a clinical benefit for the diagnosis of early HCC, as several algorithms achieved AUCs between 0.92-0.97. However, these were based on single studies with limited sample sizes and should therefore be validated. CONCLUSIONS Alterations in serum N-glycomics, characterised by increased levels of fucosylation and branching, have potential as diagnostic biomarkers for HCC. Optimisation of study design, patient selection and analysing techniques are needed before clinical implementation will be possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Butaye
- Hepatology Research Unit, Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Liver Research Center Ghent, Ghent University, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Nicky Somers
- Hepatology Research Unit, Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Liver Research Center Ghent, Ghent University, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lorenz Grossar
- Hepatology Research Unit, Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Liver Research Center Ghent, Ghent University, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Nele Pauwels
- Knowledge Center for Health Ghent, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sander Lefere
- Hepatology Research Unit, Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Liver Research Center Ghent, Ghent University, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lindsey Devisscher
- Liver Research Center Ghent, Ghent University, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
- Gut-Liver Immunopharmacology Unit, Department of Basic and Applied Medical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sarah Raevens
- Liver Research Center Ghent, Ghent University, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Anja Geerts
- Liver Research Center Ghent, Ghent University, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Leander Meuris
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Nico Callewaert
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Hans Van Vlierberghe
- Liver Research Center Ghent, Ghent University, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Xavier Verhelst
- Liver Research Center Ghent, Ghent University, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
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Wang J, Wang F, Wang N, Zhang MY, Wang HY, Huang GL. Diagnostic and Prognostic Value of Protein Post-translational Modifications in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. J Clin Transl Hepatol 2023; 11:1192-1200. [PMID: 37577238 PMCID: PMC10412711 DOI: 10.14218/jcth.2022.00006s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common malignant tumor with high incidence and cancer mortality worldwide. Post-translational modifications (PTMs) of proteins have a great impact on protein function. Almost all proteins can undergo PTMs, including phosphorylation, acetylation, methylation, glycosylation, ubiquitination, and so on. Many studies have shown that PTMs are related to the occurrence and development of cancers. The findings provide novel therapeutic targets for cancers, such as glypican-3 and mucin-1. Other clinical implications are also found in the studies of PTMs. Diagnostic or prognostic value, and response to therapy have been identified. In HCC, it has been shown that glycosylated alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) has a higher detection rate for early liver cancer than conventional AFP. In this review, we mainly focused on the diagnostic and prognostic value of PTM, in order to provide new insights into the clinical implication of PTM in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, China
- China-America Cancer Research Institute, Key Laboratory for Epigenetics of Dongguan City, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, China
| | - Fangfang Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, China
- China-America Cancer Research Institute, Key Laboratory for Epigenetics of Dongguan City, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, China
| | - Ning Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, China
- China-America Cancer Research Institute, Key Laboratory for Epigenetics of Dongguan City, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, China
| | - Mei-Yin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hui-Yun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Guo-Liang Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, China
- China-America Cancer Research Institute, Key Laboratory for Epigenetics of Dongguan City, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, China
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Zenlander R, Fredolini C, Schwenk JM, Rydén I, Påhlsson P, Löwbeer C, Eggertsen G, Stål P. A wide scan of plasma proteins demonstrates thioredoxin reductase 1 as a potential new diagnostic biomarker for hepatocellular carcinoma. Scand J Gastroenterol 2023; 58:998-1008. [PMID: 37017178 DOI: 10.1080/00365521.2023.2194008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with liver cirrhosis are recommended ultrasonography screening for early detection of hepatocellular carcinoma to increase the chances of curative treatment. However, ultrasonography alone lacks in sensitivity. Adding plasma biomarkers may increase the detection rate. We performed a broad exploratory analysis to find new plasma proteins with potential applicability for HCC screening in patients with cirrhosis. METHODS In a protein discovery cohort of 172 patients with cirrhosis or HCC, we screened for 481 proteins with suspension bead array or proximity extension assay. From these, 24 proteins were selected for further analysis in a protein verification cohort (n = 160), using ELISA, Luminex or an electrochemiluminescence platform. A cut-off model and a stepwise logistic regression model were used to find combinations of proteins with the best discriminatory performance between HCC and cirrhosis. RESULTS Stepwise logistic regression revealed alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), decarboxy-prothrombin (DCP), thioredoxin reductase 1 (TXNRD1), and fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) as the proteins with the best discriminatory performance between HCC and cirrhosis. Adding TXNRD1 to DCP and AFP increased the AUC from 0.844 to 0.878, and combining AFP, DCP and TXNRD1 with age and sex resulted in an AUC of 0.920. FGF21, however, did not further increase the performance when including age and sex. CONCLUSION In the present study, TXNRD1 improves the sensitivity and specificity of AFP and DCP as HCC screening tools in patients with cirrhosis. We suggest that TXNRD1 should be validated in prospective settings as a new complementary HCC biomarker together with AFP and DCP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Zenlander
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Medicine, Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Claudia Fredolini
- Science for Life Laboratory, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Solna, Sweden
| | - Jochen M Schwenk
- Science for Life Laboratory, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Solna, Sweden
| | - Ingvar Rydén
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Peter Påhlsson
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Christian Löwbeer
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, SYNLAB Sverige, Täby, Sweden
| | - Gösta Eggertsen
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Medicine, Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Per Stål
- Department of Medicine, Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Division of Hepatology, Department of Upper GI diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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Yin H, Zhu J. Methods for quantification of glycopeptides by liquid separation and mass spectrometry. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2023; 42:887-917. [PMID: 35099083 PMCID: PMC9339036 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in analytical techniques provide the opportunity to quantify even low-abundance glycopeptides derived from complex biological mixtures, allowing for the identification of glycosylation differences between healthy samples and those derived from disease states. Herein, we discuss the sample preparation procedures and the mass spectrometry (MS) strategies that have facilitated glycopeptide quantification, as well as the standards used for glycopeptide quantification. For sample preparation, various glycopeptide enrichment methods are summarized including the columns used for glycopeptide separation in liquid chromatography separation. For MS analysis strategies, MS1 level-based quantification and MS2 level-based quantification are described, either with or without labeling, where we have covered isotope labeling, TMT/iTRAQ labeling, data dependent acquisition, data independent acquisition, multiple reaction monitoring, and parallel reaction monitoring. The strengths and weaknesses of these methods are compared, particularly those associated with the figures of merit that are important for clinical biomarker studies and the pathological and functional studies of glycoproteins in various diseases. Possible future developments for glycopeptide quantification are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haidi Yin
- Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518132, China
- Correspondence to: Haidi Yin, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, A1201, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518132, China. Phone: 0755-26849276. , Jianhui Zhu, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, 1150 West Medical Center Drive, Building MSRB1, Rm A500, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-0656, USA. Tel: 734-615-2567. Fax: 734-615-2088.
| | - Jianhui Zhu
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Correspondence to: Haidi Yin, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, A1201, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518132, China. Phone: 0755-26849276. , Jianhui Zhu, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, 1150 West Medical Center Drive, Building MSRB1, Rm A500, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-0656, USA. Tel: 734-615-2567. Fax: 734-615-2088.
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6
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Patabandige MW, Pfeifer LD, Nguyen HT, Desaire H. Quantitative clinical glycomics strategies: A guide for selecting the best analysis approach. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2022; 41:901-921. [PMID: 33565652 PMCID: PMC8601598 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Glycans introduce complexity to the proteins to which they are attached. These modifications vary during the progression of many diseases; thus, they serve as potential biomarkers for disease diagnosis and prognosis. The immense structural diversity of glycans makes glycosylation analysis and quantitation difficult. Fortunately, recent advances in analytical techniques provide the opportunity to quantify even low-abundant glycopeptides and glycans derived from complex biological mixtures, allowing for the identification of glycosylation differences between healthy samples and those derived from disease states. Understanding the strengths and weaknesses of different quantitative glycomics analysis methods is important for selecting the best strategy to analyze glycosylation changes in any given set of clinical samples. To provide guidance towards selecting the proper approach, we discuss four widely used quantitative glycomics analysis platforms, including fluorescence-based analysis of released N-linked glycans and three different varieties of MS-based analysis: liquid chromatography (LC)-mass spectrometry (MS) analysis of glycopeptides, matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight MS, and LC-ESI-MS analysis of released N-linked glycans. These methods' strengths and weaknesses are compared, particularly associated with the figures of merit that are important for clinical biomarker studies, including: the initial sample requirements, the methods' throughput, sample preparation time, the number of species identified, the methods' utility for isomer separation and structural characterization, method-related challenges associated with quantitation, repeatability, the expertise required, and the cost for each analysis. This review, therefore, provides unique guidance to researchers who endeavor to undertake a clinical glycomics analysis by offering insights on the available analysis technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milani Wijeweera Patabandige
- Ralph N. Adams Institute for Bioanalytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047, United States
| | - Leah D. Pfeifer
- Ralph N. Adams Institute for Bioanalytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047, United States
| | - Hanna T. Nguyen
- Ralph N. Adams Institute for Bioanalytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047, United States
| | - Heather Desaire
- Ralph N. Adams Institute for Bioanalytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047, United States
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7
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Naryzhny S, Ronzhina N, Zorina E, Kabachenko F, Klopov N, Zgoda V. Construction of 2DE Patterns of Plasma Proteins: Aspect of Potential Tumor Markers. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911113. [PMID: 36232415 PMCID: PMC9569744 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of tumor markers aids in the early detection of cancer recurrence and prognosis. There is a hope that they might also be useful in screening tests for the early detection of cancer. Here, the question of finding ideal tumor markers, which should be sensitive, specific, and reliable, is an acute issue. Human plasma is one of the most popular samples as it is commonly collected in the clinic and provides noninvasive, rapid analysis for any type of disease including cancer. Many efforts have been applied in searching for “ideal” tumor markers, digging very deep into plasma proteomes. The situation in this area can be improved in two ways—by attempting to find an ideal single tumor marker or by generating panels of different markers. In both cases, proteomics certainly plays a major role. There is a line of evidence that the most abundant, so-called “classical plasma proteins”, may be used to generate a tumor biomarker profile. To be comprehensive these profiles should have information not only about protein levels but also proteoform distribution for each protein. Initially, the profile of these proteins in norm should be generated. In our work, we collected bibliographic information about the connection of cancers with levels of “classical plasma proteins”. Additionally, we presented the proteoform profiles (2DE patterns) of these proteins in norm generated by two-dimensional electrophoresis with mass spectrometry and immunodetection. As a next step, similar profiles representing protein perturbations in plasma produced in the case of different cancers will be generated. Additionally, based on this information, different test systems can be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislav Naryzhny
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Pogodinskaya, 10, 119121 Moscow, Russia
- Petersburg Institute of Nuclear Physics (PNPI) of National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”, 188300 Gatchina, Russia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-911-176-4453
| | - Natalia Ronzhina
- Petersburg Institute of Nuclear Physics (PNPI) of National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”, 188300 Gatchina, Russia
| | - Elena Zorina
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Pogodinskaya, 10, 119121 Moscow, Russia
| | - Fedor Kabachenko
- Institute of Biomedical Systems and Biotechnology, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, 195251 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Nikolay Klopov
- Petersburg Institute of Nuclear Physics (PNPI) of National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”, 188300 Gatchina, Russia
| | - Victor Zgoda
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Pogodinskaya, 10, 119121 Moscow, Russia
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Lin Y, Zhang J, Arroyo A, Singal AG, Parikh ND, Lubman DM. A Fucosylated Glycopeptide as a Candidate Biomarker for Early Diagnosis of NASH Hepatocellular Carcinoma Using a Stepped HCD Method and PRM Evaluation. Front Oncol 2022; 12:818001. [PMID: 35372033 PMCID: PMC8970044 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.818001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant specific N-glycosylation, especially the increase in fucosylation on specific peptide sites of serum proteins have been investigated as potential markers for diagnosis of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)-related HCC. We have combined a workflow involving broad scale marker discovery in serum followed by targeted marker evaluation of these fucosylated glycopeptides. This workflow involved an LC-Stepped HCD-DDA-MS/MS method coupled with offline peptide fractionation for large-scale identification of N-glycopeptides directly from pooled serum samples (each n=10) as well as differential determination of N-glycosylation changes between disease states. We then evaluated the fucosylation level of the glycoprotein ceruloplasmin among 62 patient samples (35 cirrhosis, 27 early-stage NASH HCC) by LC-Stepped HCD-PRM-MS/MS to quantitatively analyze 18 targeted glycopeptides. Of these targets, we found the ratio of fucosylation of a tri-antennary glycopeptide from site N762, involving N762_ HexNAc(5)Hex(6)Fuc(2)NeuAc(3) (P=0.0486), increased significantly from cirrhosis to early HCC. This fucosylation ratio of a tri-antennary glycopeptide in CERU could be a potential biomarker for further validation in a larger sample set and could be a promising candidate for early detection of NASH HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Lin
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Ana Arroyo
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Amit G. Singal
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Neehar D. Parikh
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - David M. Lubman
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
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9
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Ramachandran P, Xu G, Huang HH, Rice R, Zhou B, Lindpaintner K, Serie D. Serum Glycoprotein Markers in Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis and Hepatocellular Carcinoma. J Proteome Res 2022; 21:1083-1094. [PMID: 35286803 PMCID: PMC8981307 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.1c00965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Fatty liver disease progresses through stages of fat accumulation and inflammation to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), fibrosis and cirrhosis, and eventually hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Currently available diagnostic tools for HCC lack sensitivity and specificity. In this study, we investigated the use of circulating serum glycoproteins to identify a panel of potential prognostic markers that may be indicative of progression from the healthy state to NASH and further to HCC. Serum samples were processed and analyzed using a novel high-throughput glycoproteomics platform. Our initial dataset contained healthy, NASH, and HCC serum samples. We analyzed 413 glycopeptides, representing 57 abundant serum proteins, and compared among the three phenotypes. We studied the normalized abundance of common glycoforms and found 40 glycopeptides with statistically significant differences in abundances in NASH and HCC compared to controls. Summary level relative abundances of core-fucosylated, sialylated, and branched glycans containing glycopeptides were higher in NASH and HCC as compared to controls. We replicated some of our findings in an independent set of samples of individuals with benign liver conditions and HCC. Our results may be of value in the management of liver diseases. Data generated in this work can be downloaded from MassIVE (https://massive.ucsd.edu) with identifier MSV000088809.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gege Xu
- InterVenn Biosciences, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Hector H Huang
- InterVenn Biosciences, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Rachel Rice
- InterVenn Biosciences, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Bo Zhou
- InterVenn Biosciences, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Klaus Lindpaintner
- InterVenn Biosciences, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Daniel Serie
- InterVenn Biosciences, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
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10
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Characterisation of a new online nanoLC-CZE-MS platform and application for the glycosylation profiling of alpha-1-acid glycoprotein. Anal Bioanal Chem 2021; 414:1745-1757. [PMID: 34881393 PMCID: PMC8791864 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03814-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The ever-increasing complexity of biological samples to be analysed by mass spectrometry has led to the necessity of sophisticated separation techniques, including multidimensional separation. Despite a high degree of orthogonality, the coupling of liquid chromatography (LC) and capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) has not gained notable attention in research. Here, we present a heart-cut nanoLC-CZE-ESI-MS platform to analyse intact proteins. NanoLC and CZE-MS are coupled using a four-port valve with an internal nanoliter loop. NanoLC and CZE-MS conditions were optimised independently to find ideal conditions for the combined setup. The valve setup enables an ideal transfer efficiency between the dimensions while maintaining good separation conditions in both dimensions. Due to the higher loadability, the nanoLC-CZE-MS setup exhibits a 280-fold increased concentration sensitivity compared to CZE-MS. The platform was used to characterise intact human alpha-1-acid glycoprotein (AGP), an extremely heterogeneous N-glycosylated protein. With the nanoLC-CZE-MS approach, 368 glycoforms can be assigned at a concentration of 50 μg/mL as opposed to the assignment of only 186 glycoforms from 1 mg/mL by CZE-MS. Additionally, we demonstrate that glycosylation profiling is accessible for dried blood spot analysis (25 μg/mL AGP spiked), indicating the general applicability of our setup to biological matrices. The combination of high sensitivity and orthogonal selectivity in both dimensions makes the here-presented nanoLC-CZE-MS approach capable of detailed characterisation of intact proteins and their proteoforms from complex biological samples and in physiologically relevant concentrations.
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Abstract
In this editorial, the roles of orosomucoid (ORM) in the diagnoses and follow-up assessments of both nonneoplastic diseases and liver tumors are discussed with respect to the publication by Zhu et al presented in the previous issue of World Journal of Gastroenterology (2020; 26(8): 840-817). ORM, or alpha-1 acid glycoprotein (AGP), is an acute-phase protein that constitutes 1% to 3% of plasma proteins in humans and is mainly synthesized in the liver. ORM exists in serum as two variants: ORM1 and ORM2. Although the variants share 89.6% sequence identity and have similar biological properties, ORM1 constitutes the main component of serum ORM. An interesting feature of ORM is that its biological effects differ according to variations in glycosylation patterns. This variable feature makes ORM an attractive target for diagnosing and monitoring many diseases, including those of the liver. Recent findings suggest that a sharp decrease in ORM level is an important marker for HBV-associated acute liver failure (ALF), and ORM1 plays an important role in liver regeneration. In viral hepatitis, increases in both ORM and its fucosylated forms and the correlation of these increases with fibrosis progression suggest that this glycoprotein can be used with other markers as a noninvasive method in the follow-up assessment of diseases. In addition, similar findings regarding the level of the asialylated form of ORM, called asialo-AGP (AsAGP), have been reported in a follow-up assessment of fibrosis in chronic liver disease. An increase in ORM in serum has also been shown to improve hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) diagnosis performance when combined with other markers. In addition, determination of the ORM level has been useful in the diagnosis of HCC with AFP concentrations less than 500 ng/mL. For monitoring patients with AFP-negative HCC, a unique trifucosylated tetra-antennary glycan of ORM may also be used as a new potential marker. The fact that there are very few studies investigating the expression of this glycoprotein and its variants in liver tissues constitutes a potential limitation, especially in terms of revealing all the effects of ORM on carcinogenesis and tumor behavior. Current findings indicate that ORM2 expression is decreased in tumors, and this is related to the aggressive course of the disease. Parallel to this finding, in HCC cell lines, ORM2 decreases HCC cell migration and invasion, supporting reports of its tumor suppressor role. In conclusion, the levels of ORM and its different glycosylated variants are promising additional biomarkers for identifying ALF, for monitoring fibrosis in viral hepatitis, and for diagnosing early HCC. Although there is evidence that the loss of ORM2 expression in HCC is associated with poor prognosis, further studies are needed to support these findings. Additionally, investigations of ORM expression in borderline dysplastic nodules and hepatocellular adenomas, which pose diagnostic problems in the differential diagnosis of HCC, especially in biopsy samples, may shed light on whether ORM can be used in histopathological differential diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulsum Ozlem Elpek
- Department of Pathology, Akdeniz University Medical School, Antalya 07070, Turkey
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12
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Zhang W, Yang Z, Gao X, Wu Q. Advances in the discovery of novel biomarkers for cancer: spotlight on protein N-glycosylation. Biomark Med 2021; 14:1031-1045. [PMID: 32940073 DOI: 10.2217/bmm-2020-0185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Progress on glycosylation and tumor markers has not been extensively reported. Glycosylation plays an important part in post-translational modification. Previous research on glycosylation-modified biomarkers has lagged behind due to insufficient understanding of glycosylation-related regulations. However, some new methods and ideas illustrated in recent research may provide new inspirations in the field. This article aims to review current advances in revealing relationship between tumors and abnormal N-glycosylation and discuss leading-edge applications of N-glycosylation in developing novel tumor biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology & National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, 127 West Changle Road, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Zhiping Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology & National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, 127 West Changle Road, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Xiaoliang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology & National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, 127 West Changle Road, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Qiong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology & National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, 127 West Changle Road, Xi'an 710032, China.,Department of Clinical Nutrition, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 127 West Changle Road, Xi'an 710032, China
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13
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Peng Y, Gu B, Sun Z, Li Y, Zhang Y, Lu H. Linkage-selective derivatization for glycosylation site- and glycoform-specific characterization of sialic acid isomers using mass spectrometry. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:9590-9593. [PMID: 34546253 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc04142h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Here, we developed a linkage-selective derivatization approach for the differentiation and relative quantification of α-2,3- and α-2,6-linked sialic acids in a site- and glycoform-specific manner. Linkage-selective derivatization with isotope molecules discriminates the isomeric glycopeptides easily using MS and provided a tool for biomarker discovery using the quantitative analysis of isomeric glycopeptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Peng
- Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China. .,Department of Chemistry and NHC Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugates Research, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Bing Gu
- Laboratory Medicine of Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdo 510000, China.
| | - Zhenyu Sun
- Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Yueyue Li
- Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Ying Zhang
- Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China. .,Department of Chemistry and NHC Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugates Research, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Haojie Lu
- Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China. .,Department of Chemistry and NHC Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugates Research, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
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14
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Lin Y, Zhu J, Pan L, Zhang J, Tan Z, Olivares J, Singal AG, Parikh ND, Lubman DM. A Panel of Glycopeptides as Candidate Biomarkers for Early Diagnosis of NASH Hepatocellular Carcinoma Using a Stepped HCD Method and PRM Evaluation. J Proteome Res 2021; 20:3278-3289. [PMID: 33929864 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.1c00175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Changes in N-glycosylation on specific peptide sites of serum proteins have been investigated as potential markers for diagnosis of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)-related HCC. To accomplish this work, a novel workflow involving broad-scale marker discovery in serum followed by targeted marker evaluation of these glycopeptides were combined. The workflow involved an LC-Stepped HCD-DDA-MS/MS method coupled with offline peptide fractionation for large-scale identification of N-glycopeptides directly from pooled serum samples (each n = 10) as well as differential determination of N-glycosylation changes between disease states. We then evaluated several potentially diagnostic N-glycopeptides among 78 individual patient samples (40 cirrhosis, 28 early stage NASH HCC, and 10 late-stage NASH HCC) by LC-Stepped HCD-PRM-MS/MS to quantitatively analyze 65 targeted glycopeptides from 7 glycoproteins. Of these targets, we found site-specific N-glycopeptides n169GSLFAFR_HexNAc(4)Hex(5)NeuAc(2) and n242ISDGFDGIPDNVDAALALPAHSYSGR_HexNAc(5)Hex(6)Fuc(1)NeuAc(3) from VTNC were significantly increased comparing samples from patients with NASH cirrhosis and NASH HCC (p < 0.05). When combining results of these 2 glycopeptides with AFP, the ROC curve analysis demonstrated the AUC value increased to 0.834 (95% CI, 0.748-0.921) and 0.847 (95% CI, 0.766-0.932), respectively, as compared to that of AFP alone (AUC = 0.791, 95% CI, 0.690-0.892). These 2 glycopeptides may serve as potential biomarkers for early HCC diagnosis in patients with NASH related cirrhosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Lin
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Jianhui Zhu
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Lingyun Pan
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Zhijing Tan
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Jocelyn Olivares
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
| | - Amit G Singal
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
| | - Neehar D Parikh
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - David M Lubman
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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15
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Multiblock metabolomics: An approach to elucidate whole-body metabolism with multiblock principal component analysis. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2021; 19:1956-1965. [PMID: 33995897 PMCID: PMC8086023 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2021.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
“Multiblock metabolomics” elucidates the global metabolic network in a whole body. “Multiblock metabolomics” combines LC/MS-based metabolomics with multiblock PCA. “Multiblock metabolomics” highlights and elicits organ-specific metabolism. TGs with less unsaturated fatty acids were highly accumulated in the diabetic liver.
Principal component analysis (PCA) is a useful tool for omics analysis to identify underlying factors and visualize relationships between biomarkers. However, this approach is limited in addressing life complexity and further improvement is required. This study aimed to develop a new approach that combines mass spectrometry-based metabolomics with multiblock PCA to elucidate the whole-body global metabolic network, thereby generating comparable metabolite maps to clarify the metabolic relationships among several organs. To evaluate the newly developed method, Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats (n = 6) were used as type 2 diabetic models and Sprague Dawley (SD) rats (n = 6) as controls. Metabolites in the heart, kidney, and liver were analyzed by capillary electrophoresis and liquid chromatography mass spectrometry, respectively, and the detected metabolites were analyzed by multiblock PCA. More than 300 metabolites were detected in the heart, kidney, and liver. When the metabolites obtained from the three organs were analyzed with multiblock PCA, the score and loading maps obtained were highly synchronized and their metabolism patterns were visually comparable. A significant finding in this study was the different expression patterns in lipid metabolism among the three organs; notably triacylglycerols with polyunsaturated fatty acids or less unsaturated fatty acids showed specific accumulation patterns depending on the organs.
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Key Words
- AMP, adenosine monophosphate
- Biomarkers
- CE/MS, capillary electrophoresis mass spectrometry
- CV, coefficient of variation
- ESI, electrospray ionization
- FABP, fatty acid-binding protein
- GC/MS, gas chromatography mass spectrometry
- LC/MS, liquid chromatography mass spectrometry
- Mass spectrometry
- Metabolomics
- Multiblock PCA
- PCA, principal component analysis
- PPAR, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor
- QC, quality control
- SD, Sprague Dawley
- TCA, tricarboxylic acid. CoA, coenzyme A
- TG, triacylglycerol
- Type 2 Diabetes
- UPLC, ultra-performance liquid chromatography
- ZDF, Zucker diabetic fatty
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Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is increasing in prevalence and is the third leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Unlike other malignancies, HCC can be diagnosed with dynamic imaging with very high accuracy, and tissue diagnosis is not needed for cancer therapy. There is a unique role of established as well as developing biomarkers in diagnosis, prognosis, and management of HCC. Sequencing HCC tumors has yielded substantial insights into HCC tumor biology and has raised the possibility of precision oncology in which therapy decisions are guided by cancer genetics. However, it is not ready for prime time yet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent L Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, 3912 Taubman Center, 1500 East Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Pratima Sharma
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, 3912 Taubman Center, 1500 East Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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17
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Matsuo K, Tanabe K, Hayashi M, Ikeda M, Yasaka M, Machida H, Shida M, Sato K, Yoshida H, Hirasawa T, Imanishi T, Mikami M. Utility of Comprehensive Serum Glycopeptide Spectra Analysis (CSGSA) for the Detection of Early Stage Epithelial Ovarian Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12092374. [PMID: 32825727 PMCID: PMC7563232 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12092374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Comprehensive serum glycopeptide spectra analysis (CSGSA) evaluates >10,000 serum glycopeptides and identifies unique glycopeptide peaks and patterns via supervised orthogonal partial least-squares discriminant modeling. CSGSA was more accurate than cancer antigen 125 (CA125) or human epididymis protein 4 (HE4) for detecting early stage epithelial ovarian cancer. Combined CSGSA, CA125, and HE4 had improved diagnostic performance. Thus, CSGSA may be a useful screening tool for detecting early stage epithelial ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Matsuo
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA;
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Kazuhiro Tanabe
- Medical Solution Promotion Department, LSI Medience Corporation, Tokyo 1748555, Japan;
| | - Masaru Hayashi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Kanagawa 2591193, Japan; (M.H.); (M.I.); (M.Y.); (H.M.); (M.S.); (K.S.); (H.Y.); (T.H.)
| | - Masae Ikeda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Kanagawa 2591193, Japan; (M.H.); (M.I.); (M.Y.); (H.M.); (M.S.); (K.S.); (H.Y.); (T.H.)
| | - Miwa Yasaka
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Kanagawa 2591193, Japan; (M.H.); (M.I.); (M.Y.); (H.M.); (M.S.); (K.S.); (H.Y.); (T.H.)
| | - Hiroko Machida
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Kanagawa 2591193, Japan; (M.H.); (M.I.); (M.Y.); (H.M.); (M.S.); (K.S.); (H.Y.); (T.H.)
| | - Masako Shida
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Kanagawa 2591193, Japan; (M.H.); (M.I.); (M.Y.); (H.M.); (M.S.); (K.S.); (H.Y.); (T.H.)
| | - Kenji Sato
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Kanagawa 2591193, Japan; (M.H.); (M.I.); (M.Y.); (H.M.); (M.S.); (K.S.); (H.Y.); (T.H.)
| | - Hiroshi Yoshida
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Kanagawa 2591193, Japan; (M.H.); (M.I.); (M.Y.); (H.M.); (M.S.); (K.S.); (H.Y.); (T.H.)
| | - Takeshi Hirasawa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Kanagawa 2591193, Japan; (M.H.); (M.I.); (M.Y.); (H.M.); (M.S.); (K.S.); (H.Y.); (T.H.)
| | - Tadashi Imanishi
- Department of Molecular Life Science, Division of Basic Medical Science and Molecular Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, Kanagawa 2591193, Japan;
| | - Mikio Mikami
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Kanagawa 2591193, Japan; (M.H.); (M.I.); (M.Y.); (H.M.); (M.S.); (K.S.); (H.Y.); (T.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-463-93-1121; Fax: +81-463-91-4343
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18
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Comprehensive Serum Glycopeptide Spectra Analysis Combined with Artificial Intelligence (CSGSA-AI) to Diagnose Early-Stage Ovarian Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12092373. [PMID: 32825730 PMCID: PMC7563497 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12092373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is a leading cause of deaths among gynecological cancers, and a method to detect early-stage epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is urgently needed. We aimed to develop an artificial intelligence (AI)-based comprehensive serum glycopeptide spectra analysis (CSGSA-AI) method in combination with convolutional neural network (CNN) to detect aberrant glycans in serum samples of patients with EOC. We converted serum glycopeptide expression patterns into two-dimensional (2D) barcodes to let CNN learn and distinguish between EOC and non-EOC. CNN was trained using 60% samples and validated using 40% samples. We observed that principal component analysis-based alignment of glycopeptides to generate 2D barcodes significantly increased the diagnostic accuracy (88%) of the method. When CNN was trained with 2D barcodes colored on the basis of serum levels of CA125 and HE4, a diagnostic accuracy of 95% was achieved. We believe that this simple and low-cost method will increase the detection of EOC.
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19
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Wang T, Zhang KH. New Blood Biomarkers for the Diagnosis of AFP-Negative Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Front Oncol 2020; 10:1316. [PMID: 32923383 PMCID: PMC7456927 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.01316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
An early diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) followed by effective treatment is currently critical for improving the prognosis and reducing the associated economic burden. Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) is the most widely used biomarker for HCC diagnosis. Based on elevated serum AFP levels as well as typical imaging features, AFP-positive HCC (APHC) can be easily diagnosed, but AFP-negative HCC (ANHC) is not easily detected due to lack of ideal biomarkers and thus mainly reliance on imaging. Imaging for the diagnosis of ANHC is probably insufficient in sensitivity and/or specificity because most ANHC tumors are small and early-stage HCC, and it is involved in sophisticated techniques and high costs. Moreover, ANHC accounts for nearly half of HCC and exhibits a better prognosis compared with APHC. Therefore, the diagnosis of ANHC in clinical practice has been a critical issue for the early treatment and prognosis improvement of HCC. In recent years, tremendous efforts have been made to discover new biomarkers complementary to AFP for HCC diagnosis. In this review, we systematically review and discuss the recent advances of blood biomarkers for HCC diagnosis, including DNA biomarkers, RNA biomarkers, protein biomarkers, and conventional laboratory metrics, focusing on their diagnostic evaluation alone and in combination, in particular on their diagnostic performance for ANHC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Jiangxi Institute of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Kun-He Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Jiangxi Institute of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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20
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Yao W, Wang K, Jiang Y, Huang Z, Huang Y, Yan H, Huang S, Chen M, Liao J. Serum profile of low molecular weight fucosylated glycoproteins for early diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncol Lett 2020; 20:1597-1606. [PMID: 32724401 PMCID: PMC7377157 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.11727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous study reported a method of using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry to analyze the association between abnormal fucosylation of serum glycoproteins and the progression of hepatitis B virus (HBV)-associated hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In the present study, the aforementioned method was improved by focusing on fucosylated glycoproteins <10 kD, classification models were established and blind tests were performed on an enlarged sample size (n=299). According to the present results, the classification models had a sensitivity and specificity of 74.31 and 76.32%, respectively, to identify HCC among all serum samples, 81.65 and 83.08%, respectively, to distinguish HCC from HBV-associated cirrhosis and chronic hepatitis Band 88.99 and 84.62%, respectively, to distinguish HCC from HBV-associated cirrhosis. When combined with α-fetoprotein (AFP) measurements (AFP >20 ng/ml), the sensitivity and specificity of the models were significantly elevated to 80.73 and 87.37%, 87.16 and 90.00%, and 92.66 and 93.84%, respectively. In addition, the HBV-HCC vs. HBV-cirrhosis classification model was used to analyze serum samples collected from 9 patients with cirrhosis 1 year before they were diagnosed with HCC, and from 6 patients who had cirrhosis but developed no signs of HCC for the following 3 years. The model identified 7 patients (77.78%) with no significant clinical symptoms of HCC, and gave no false positive results, demonstrating that the classification models established in the present study may be useful for the early diagnosis of HCC. After isolation and purification, two proteins with differential expression were identified as isoform 1 of inter-α-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain 4 precursor, and thymosin β-4-like protein 3. These may be used as candidate markers for HCC diagnosis. Additionally, the present study indicates that defucosylation of serum glycoproteins may occur during the development and progression of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weirong Yao
- Institute for Laboratory Medicine, The First Hospital of Longhai, Zhangzhou, Fujian 363199, P.R. China
| | - Kaiyu Wang
- Institute for Laboratory Medicine, Fuzhou General Hospital of Nanjing Command (The 900th Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force People's Liberation Army), Fuzhou, Fujian 350003, P.R. China
| | - Yu Jiang
- Clinical Laboratory, Fuzhou Second Hospital (Fuzhou Integrated Traditional Chinese and Modern Medicine Hospital of Fujian Province, Fuzhou Second Hospital Affiliated to Xiamen University), Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, P.R. China
| | - Zhufeng Huang
- Institute for Laboratory Medicine, The First Hospital of Longhai, Zhangzhou, Fujian 363199, P.R. China
| | - Yiyun Huang
- Institute for Laboratory Medicine, The First Hospital of Longhai, Zhangzhou, Fujian 363199, P.R. China
| | - Huihui Yan
- Institute for Laboratory Medicine, Fuzhou General Hospital of Nanjing Command (The 900th Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force People's Liberation Army), Fuzhou, Fujian 350003, P.R. China
| | - Suhong Huang
- Institute for Laboratory Medicine, Fuzhou General Hospital of Nanjing Command (The 900th Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force People's Liberation Army), Fuzhou, Fujian 350003, P.R. China
| | - Min Chen
- Institute for Laboratory Medicine, Fuzhou General Hospital of Nanjing Command (The 900th Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force People's Liberation Army), Fuzhou, Fujian 350003, P.R. China
| | - Jian Liao
- Institute for Laboratory Medicine, Fuzhou General Hospital of Nanjing Command (The 900th Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force People's Liberation Army), Fuzhou, Fujian 350003, P.R. China
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21
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Zhan Z, Guan Y, Mew K, Zeng W, Peng M, Hu P, Yang Y, Lu Y, Ren H. Urine α-fetoprotein and orosomucoid 1 as biomarkers of hepatitis B virus-associated hepatocellular carcinoma. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2020; 318:G305-G312. [PMID: 31736338 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00267.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the sixth common malignant tumor worldwide, but current efficient and convenient screening methods remain lacking. This study aimed to discover a diagnostic or a screening biomarker from the urine of hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related HCC patients. We used iTRAQ coupled with mass spectrometry to identify candidate urinary proteins in a discovery cohort (n = 40). The selected proteins were confirmed using ELISA in a validation cohort (n = 140). Diagnostic performance of the selected proteins was assessed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) and qualitative diagnostic analysis. A total of 96 differentially expressed proteins were identified. Urinary α-fetoprotein (u-AFP) and orosomucoid 1 (u-ORM1) were selected as target proteins by bioinformatics analysis and were significantly higher in HCC than in non-HCC patients, as validated by Western blot analysis and ELISA. u-AFP had a strong correlation with serum AFP-L3 (Pearson's r = 0.944, P < 0.0001), indicating that u-AFP may be derived from circulating blood. The area under the curve (AUC) of u-AFP was 0.795 with a sensitivity of 62.5% and a specificity of 95.4%, which showed no significantly difference with serum AFP (se-AFP). The AUC was 0.864 as u-AFP and u-ORM1 were combined, and they performed much better than u-AFP or u-ORM1 alone. Qualitative diagnostic analysis showed that the positive predictive value of u-AFP was 90.1% and the diagnostic sensitivity of parallel combination of u-AFP and u-ORM1 was 85.1%. Taken together, AFP and ORM1 in the urine may be used as a diagnostic or screening biomarker of HCC, and studies on large samples are needed to validate the result.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study provides a novel way to find biomarkers of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and a new perspective of α-fetoprotein clinical application. The urine reagent strips may be helpful in high epidemic areas of HCC and in low-resource settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhu Zhan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Institute for Viral Hepatitis of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yalan Guan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Institute for Viral Hepatitis of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Kenley Mew
- Department of Foreign Language, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Weiqiong Zeng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Institute for Viral Hepatitis of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Mingli Peng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Institute for Viral Hepatitis of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Peng Hu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Institute for Viral Hepatitis of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yixuan Yang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Institute for Viral Hepatitis of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yi Lu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Institute for Viral Hepatitis of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hong Ren
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Institute for Viral Hepatitis of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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22
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Wang M, Zhu J, Lubman DM, Gao C. Aberrant glycosylation and cancer biomarker discovery: a promising and thorny journey. Clin Chem Lab Med 2019; 57:407-416. [PMID: 30138110 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2018-0379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Glycosylation is among the most important post-translational modifications for proteins and is of intrinsic complex character compared with DNAs and naked proteins. Indeed, over 50%-70% of proteins in circulation are glycosylated, and the "sweet attachments" have versatile structural and functional implications. Both the configuration and composition of the attached glycans affect the biological activities of consensus proteins significantly. Glycosylation is generated by complex biosynthetic pathways comprising hundreds of glycosyltransferases, glycosidases, transcriptional factors, transporters and the protein backbone. In addition, lack of direct genetic templates and glyco-specific antibodies such as those commonly used in DNA amplification and protein capture makes research on glycans and glycoproteins even more difficult, thus resulting in sparse knowledge on the pathophysiological implications of glycosylation. Fortunately, cutting-edge technologies have afforded new opportunities and approaches for investigating cancer-related glycosylation. Thus, glycans as well as aberrantly glycosylated protein-based cancer biomarkers have been increasingly recognized. This mini-review highlights the most recent developments in glyco-biomarker studies in an effort to discover clinically relevant cancer biomarkers using advanced analytical methodologies such as mass spectrometry, high-performance liquid chromatographic/ultra-performance liquid chromatography, capillary electrophoresis, and lectin-based technologies. Recent clinical-centered glycobiological studies focused on determining the regulatory mechanisms and the relation with diagnostics, prognostics and even therapeutics are also summarized. These studies indicate that glycomics is a treasure waiting to be mined where the growth of cancer-related glycomics and glycoproteomics is the next great challenge after genomics and proteomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Jianhui Zhu
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - David M Lubman
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Chunfang Gao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Shanghai 200438, P.R. China, Phone: +86-21-81875131, Fax: +86-21-65562400
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Evaluation of AGP Fucosylation as a Marker for Hepatocellular Carcinoma of Three Different Etiologies. Sci Rep 2019; 9:11580. [PMID: 31399619 PMCID: PMC6689003 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-48043-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
A mass spectrometric analysis platform has been developed to determine whether glycosylation patterns of alpha-1 acid glycoprotein (AGP) could be used as a marker for early detection of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in different etiologies, i.e. non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), alcoholic liver disease (ALC), and hepatitis C virus (HCV). MALDI-MS profiling of N-glycans of AGP purified from 20 μL of patient serum in HCC (n = 72) and liver cirrhosis (n = 58) showed that a unique trifucosylated tetra-antennary glycan (m/z 3490.76) was predominantly identified in HCCs but was absent in healthy subjects and the majority of cirrhosis patients. Receiver operation characteristic (ROC) curve analysis showed that the trifucosylated N-glycan of AGP (triFc_AGP) could differentiate HCC from cirrhosis with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.707, 0.726 and 0.751 for NASH, ALC and HCV, respectively. When combining triFc_AGP with INR and AFP, the panel had the greatest benefit in detection of NASH-related HCCs, with a significantly improved AUC of 0.882 for all NASH HCCs and 0.818 for early NASH HCCs compared to AFP alone (0.761 and 0.641, respectively). Moreover, triFc_AGP could serve as a potential marker for monitoring AFP-negative HCC patients.
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24
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Xu YF, Xu Y, Li X, Yang XM. Serum α-1 Acid Glycoprotein is a Biomarker for the Prediction of Targeted Therapy Resistance in Advanced EGFR-positive Lung Adenocarcinoma. Comb Chem High Throughput Screen 2019; 21:755-759. [PMID: 30663564 DOI: 10.2174/1386207322666190119163024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the levels of α-1 acid glycoprotein (ORM1) in the sera of advanced lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) patients with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation before treatment and after acquirement of EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI) resistance, and to explore the clinical cut off value of ORM1 for targeted therapy resistance in LUAD. METHODS Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to determine serum ORM1 levels. Receiver operating characteristic curve was applied to evaluate the serum ORM1 level in the resistance of EGFR-TKI and the cut off value of ORM1 for the diagnosis of EGFR-TKI resistance. RESULTS The serum ORM1 concentrations in the healthy group, before and after drug resistance were 1.687 ± 0.103, 1.868 ± 0.101, and 1.731 ± 0.088 µg/ml, respectively. The serum ORM1 concentrations before and after drug resistance were higher than that of the healthy group, whereas the serum ORM1 concentrations in the resistant group were lower than those before drug treatment. In comparison to healthy group, the area under curve (AUC) of the serum ORM1 concentration was 0.918 ± 0.029 with sensitivity of 90.5% and specificity of 78.6% in the patient before EGFR-TKI treatment, while the AUC was 0.644 ± 0.062 with sensitivity of 69.0% and specificity of 66.7% in the resistance group. When compared to those before treatment, the AUC of serum ORM1 concentration was 0.880 ± 0.038 with a sensitivity of 92.9% and specificity of 73.8% in the resistance group. The cutoff value of serum ORM1 was 1.778 µg/ml for advanced EGFR-positive LUAD and 1.723 µg/ml after resistance to EGFR-TKI. CONCLUSION Serum ORM1 has an important diagnostic value for the diagnosis of EGFR-positive LUAD and EGFR-TKI resistance in patients especially with advanced EGFR-positive LUAD. Our findings suggest that serum ORM1 is a biomarker in the prediction of EGFR-TKI resistance in EGFR-positive LUAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Fen Xu
- Department of Oncology, The First Hospital of Jiaxing, Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314000, China
| | - Yao Xu
- Department of Oncology, The First Hospital of Jiaxing, Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314000, China
| | - Xia Li
- Department of Oncology, The First Hospital of Jiaxing, Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314000, China
| | - Xin-Mei Yang
- Department of Oncology, The First Hospital of Jiaxing, Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314000, China
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25
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Kim KH, Kim JY, Yoo JS. Mass spectrometry analysis of glycoprotein biomarkers in human blood of hepatocellular carcinoma. Expert Rev Proteomics 2019; 16:553-568. [DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2019.1626235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kwang Hoe Kim
- Biomedical Omics Group, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Young Kim
- Biomedical Omics Group, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Shin Yoo
- Biomedical Omics Group, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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26
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Zhu J, Warner E, Parikh ND, Lubman DM. Glycoproteomic markers of hepatocellular carcinoma-mass spectrometry based approaches. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2019; 38:265-290. [PMID: 30472795 PMCID: PMC6535140 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third most-common cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Most cases of HCC develop in patients that already have liver cirrhosis and have been recommended for surveillance for an early onset of HCC. Cirrhosis is the final common pathway for several etiologies of liver disease, including hepatitis B and C, alcohol, and increasingly non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Only 20-30% of patients with HCC are eligible for curative therapy due primarily to inadequate early-detection strategies. Reliable, accurate biomarkers for HCC early detection provide the highest likelihood of curative therapy and survival; however, current early-detection methods that use abdominal ultrasound and serum alpha fetoprotein are inadequate due to poor adherence and limited sensitivity and specificity. There is an urgent need for convenient and highly accurate validated biomarkers for HCC early detection. The theme of this review is the development of new methods to discover glycoprotein-based markers for detection of HCC with mass spectrometry approaches. We outline the non-mass spectrometry based methods that have been used to discover HCC markers including immunoassays, capillary electrophoresis, 2-D gel electrophoresis, and lectin-FLISA assays. We describe the development and results of mass spectrometry-based assays for glycan screening based on either MALDI-MS or ESI analysis. These analyses might be based on the glycan content of serum or on glycan screening for target molecules from serum. We describe some of the specific markers that have been developed as a result, including for proteins such as Haptoglobin, Hemopexin, Kininogen, and others. We discuss the potential role for other technologies, including PGC chromatography and ion mobility, to separate isoforms of glycan markers. Analyses of glycopeptides based on new technologies and innovative softwares are described and also their potential role in discovery of markers of HCC. These technologies include new fragmentation methods such as EThcD and stepped HCD, which can identify large numbers of glycopeptide structures from serum. The key role of lectin extraction in various assays for intact glycopeptides or their truncated versions is also described, where various core-fucosylated and hyperfucosylated glycopeptides have been identified as potential markers of HCC. Finally, we describe the role of LC-MRMs or lectin-FLISA MRMs as a means to validate these glycoprotein markers from patient samples. These technological advancements in mass spectrometry have the potential to lead to novel biomarkers to improve the early detection of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhui Zhu
- Department of Surgery, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48109, Michigan
| | - Elisa Warner
- Department of Surgery, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48109, Michigan
| | - Neehar D. Parikh
- Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48109, Michigan
| | - David M. Lubman
- Department of Surgery, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48109, Michigan
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Hayashi M, Matsuo K, Tanabe K, Ikeda M, Miyazawa M, Yasaka M, Machida H, Shida M, Imanishi T, Grubbs BH, Hirasawa T, Mikami M. Comprehensive Serum Glycopeptide Spectra Analysis (CSGSA): A Potential New Tool for Early Detection of Ovarian Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11050591. [PMID: 31035594 PMCID: PMC6563019 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11050591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 04/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: To conduct a comprehensive glycopeptide spectra analysis of serum between cancer and non-cancer patients to identify early biomarkers of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). Methods: Approximately 30,000 glycopeptide peaks were detected from the digested serum glycoproteins of 39 EOC patients (23 early-stage, 16 advanced-stage) and 45 non-cancer patients (27 leiomyoma and ovarian cyst cases, 18 endometrioma cases) by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC–MS). The differential glycopeptide peak spectra were analyzed to distinguish between cancer and non-cancer groups by employing multivariate analysis including principal component analysis (PCA), orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) and heat maps. Results: Examined spectral peaks were filtered down to 2281 serum quantitative glycopeptide signatures for differentiation between ovarian cancer and controls using multivariate analysis. The OPLS-DA model using cross-validation parameters R2 and Q2 and score plots of the serum samples significantly differentiated the EOC group from the non-cancer control group. In addition, women with early-stage clear cell carcinoma and endometriomas were clearly distinguished from each other by OPLS-DA as well as by PCA and heat maps. Conclusions: Our study demonstrates the potential of comprehensive serum glycoprotein analysis as a useful tool for ovarian cancer detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaru Hayashi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Kanagawa 2591193, Japan.
| | - Koji Matsuo
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.
| | - Kazuhiro Tanabe
- Medical Solution Promotion Department, LSI Medience Corporation, Tokyo 1748555, Japan.
| | - Masae Ikeda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Kanagawa 2591193, Japan.
| | - Mariko Miyazawa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Kanagawa 2591193, Japan.
| | - Miwa Yasaka
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Kanagawa 2591193, Japan.
| | - Hiroko Machida
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Kanagawa 2591193, Japan.
| | - Masako Shida
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Kanagawa 2591193, Japan.
| | - Tadashi Imanishi
- Department of Molecular Life Science, Division of Basic Medical Science and Molecular Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, Kanagawa 2591193, Japan.
| | - Brendan H Grubbs
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA.
| | - Takeshi Hirasawa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Kanagawa 2591193, Japan.
| | - Mikio Mikami
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Kanagawa 2591193, Japan.
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El Jabbour T, Lagana SM, Lee H. Update on hepatocellular carcinoma: Pathologists’ review. World J Gastroenterol 2019; 25:1653-1665. [PMID: 31011252 PMCID: PMC6465943 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v25.i14.1653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Histopathologic diversity and several distinct histologic subtypes of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are well-recognized. Recent advances in molecular pathology and growing knowledge about the biology associated with distinct histologic features and immuno-profile in HCC allowed pathologists to update classifications. Improving sub-classification will allow for more clinically relevant diagnoses and may allow for stratification into biologically meaningful subgroups. Therefore, immuno-histochemical and molecular testing are not only diagnostically useful, but also are being incorporated as crucial components in predicting prognosis of the patients with HCC. Possibilities of targeted therapy are being explored in HCC, and it will be important for pathologists to provide any data that may be valuable from a theranostic perspective. Herein, we review and provide updates regarding the pathologic sub-classification of HCC. Pathologic diagnostic approach and the role of biomarkers as prognosticators are reviewed. Further, the histopathology of four particular subtypes of HCC: Steatohepatitic, clear cell, fibrolamellar and scirrhous - and their clinical relevance, and the recent consensus on combined HCC-cholangiocarcinoma is summarized. Finally, emerging novel biomarkers and new approaches to HCC stratification are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tony El Jabbour
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, United States
| | - Stephen M Lagana
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, United States
| | - Hwajeong Lee
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, United States
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29
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Han Y, Xiao K, Tian Z. Comparative Glycomics Study of Cell-Surface N-Glycomes of HepG2 versus LO2 Cell Lines. J Proteome Res 2019; 18:372-379. [PMID: 30343578 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.8b00655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cell-surface N-glycans play important roles in both inter- and intracellular processes, including cell adhesion and development, cell recognition, as well as cancer development and metastasis; detailed structural characterization of these N-glycans is thus paramount. Here we report our comparative N-glycomics study of cell-surface N-glycans of the hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) HepG2 cells vs the normal liver LO2 cells. With sequential trypsin digestion of proteins, C18 depletion of peptides without glycosylation, PNGase F digestion of N-glycopeptides, PGC enrichment of N-glycans, CH3I permethylation of the enriched N-glycans, cell-surface N-glycomes of the HepG2 and LO2 cells were analyzed using C18-RPLC-MS/MS (HCD). With spectrum-level FDR no bigger than 1%, 351 and 310 N-glycans were identified for HepG2 and LO2, respectively, with comprehensive structural information (not only monosaccharide composition, but also sequence and linkage) by N-glycan database search engine GlySeeker. The percentage of hybrid N-glycans with tetra-antennary structures was substantially increased in the HepG2 cells. This comprehensive discovery study of differentially expressed cell-surface N-glycans in HepG2 vs LO2 serves as a solid reference for future validation study of glycosylation markers in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyin Han
- School of Chemical Science & Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability , Tongji University , Shanghai 200092 , China
| | - Kaijie Xiao
- School of Chemical Science & Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability , Tongji University , Shanghai 200092 , China
| | - Zhixin Tian
- School of Chemical Science & Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability , Tongji University , Shanghai 200092 , China
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30
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Fast and facile analysis of glycosylation and phosphorylation of fibrinogen from human plasma-correlation with liver cancer and liver cirrhosis. Anal Bioanal Chem 2018; 410:7965-7977. [PMID: 30397756 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-018-1418-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the deadliest cancers due to its late diagnosis with the main risk factor being liver cirrhosis (LC). Glycan structures from glycoproteins are usually altered in cancer. Blood plasma from 111 healthy and sick donors was analyzed to determine the post-translational modifications (PTM) of intact Aα-, Bβ-, and γ-subunits of fibrinogen, a glycoprotein predominantly produced in liver cells. Glycosylation and phosphorylation of the protein species were quantified by liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry to correlate PTMs to pathological cases. Quantities of the PTMs were used for statistical classification by principal component analysis (PCA) and multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA). As relevant clinical finding, patients with liver disease (HCC and/or LC) were distinguished from individuals without relevant chronic liver disease with 91% sensitivity and 100% specificity. Within the group of patients with liver disease, a robust separation between LC and HCC was not possible. In more detail, the phosphorylation of Aα-subunit is decreased in HCC patients, whereas the monophosphorylated state is significantly increased in LC patients. In terms of glycosylation, the amount of O-glycans in the Aα-subunit is decreased in LC patients, while sialylation and fucosylation of N-type glycans of Bβ- and γ-subunits are increased in LC and HCC. Based on PTM of fibrinogen, starting from plasma we can assign the status of an individual as healthy or as liver disease in less than 3 h.
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Abstract
Glycosylation is one of the most common and complex posttranslation modifications that significantly influences protein structure and function. However, linking individual glycan structures to protein interactions remains challenging and typically requires multiple techniques. Here, we establish a mass-spectrometric approach to systematically dissect the microheterogeneity of two important serum proteins, α1-acid glycoprotein and haptoglobin, and relate glycan features to drug and protein-binding interaction kinetics. We found that the degree of N-glycan branching and extent of terminal fucosylation can attenuate or enhance these interactions, providing important insight into drug transport in plasma. Our study demonstrates an approach capable of investigating how protein glycosylation fine-tunes protein–drug interactions at the glycan-specific level and will prove universally useful for studying glycoprotein interactions. Altered glycosylation patterns of plasma proteins are associated with autoimmune disorders and pathogenesis of various cancers. Elucidating glycoprotein microheterogeneity and relating subtle changes in the glycan structural repertoire to changes in protein–protein, or protein–small molecule interactions, remains a significant challenge in glycobiology. Here, we apply mass spectrometry-based approaches to elucidate the global and site-specific microheterogeneity of two plasma proteins: α1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) and haptoglobin (Hp). We then determine the dissociation constants of the anticoagulant warfarin to different AGP glycoforms and reveal how subtle N-glycan differences, namely, increased antennae branching and terminal fucosylation, reduce drug-binding affinity. Conversely, similar analysis of the haptoglobin–hemoglobin (Hp–Hb) complex reveals the contrary effects of fucosylation and N-glycan branching on Hp–Hb interactions. Taken together, our results not only elucidate how glycoprotein microheterogeneity regulates protein–drug/protein interactions but also inform the pharmacokinetics of plasma proteins, many of which are drug targets, and whose glycosylation status changes in various disease states.
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Yogesh KV, Kamiyama T, Ohyama C, Yoneyama T, Nouso K, Kimura S, Hinou H, Nishimura SI. Synthetic glycopeptides as a designated standard in focused glycoproteomics to discover serum cancer biomarkers. MEDCHEMCOMM 2018; 9:1351-1358. [PMID: 30151090 DOI: 10.1039/c8md00162f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies on the large-scale glycomics of more than 3500 human serum samples revealed that the serum glycoproteins of cancer patients often have more dominant and specific glycoforms, namely, branched tri- and tetra-antennary N-glycans, most cancer patient groups than normal control groups. We herein established an efficient synthetic protocol of glycopeptides having highly complicated N-glycan structures that may be generated by direct tryptic digestion of serum glycoproteins. A preliminary selected reaction monitoring (SRM) assay using the synthetic model glycopeptide 1, 40Ser-Val-Gln-Glu-Ile-Gln-Ala-Thr-Phe-Phe-Tyr-Phe-Thr-Pro-Asn-Lys-Thr-Glu-Asp-Thr-Ile-Phe-Leu-Arg63 having an asialo tri-antennary N-glycan at the Asn54 residue as a designated calibration standard allowed for the rapid and absolute quantitation of the tryptic fragment derived from the serum α1-acid glycoprotein carrying a focused N-glycoform of cancer patients and healthy controls in a range between 200 and 1600 fmole μL-1 without any enrichment process for the target glycoprotein.
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Affiliation(s)
- K V Yogesh
- Division of Drug Discovery Research , Faculty of Advanced Life Science and Graduate School of Life Science , Hokkaido University , N21, W11, Kita-ku , Sapporo 001-0021 , Japan .
| | - Toshiya Kamiyama
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery I , Graduate School of Medicine , Hokkaido University , N15, W7, Kita-ku , Sapporo 060-8638 , Japan
| | - Chikara Ohyama
- Department of Urology , Graduate School of Medicine , Hirosaki University , Hirosaki 036-8562 , Japan
| | - Tohru Yoneyama
- Department of Urology , Graduate School of Medicine , Hirosaki University , Hirosaki 036-8562 , Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Nouso
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology , Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences , Okayama University , Okayama 700-8530 , Japan
| | - Satoshi Kimura
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Central Clinical Laboratory , Showa University , Northern Yokohama Hospital , Yokohama 224-8503 , Japan
| | - Hiroshi Hinou
- Division of Drug Discovery Research , Faculty of Advanced Life Science and Graduate School of Life Science , Hokkaido University , N21, W11, Kita-ku , Sapporo 001-0021 , Japan . .,Medicinal Chemistry Pharmaceuticals Co. Ltd. , Sapporo 060-0009 , Japan
| | - Shin-Ichiro Nishimura
- Division of Drug Discovery Research , Faculty of Advanced Life Science and Graduate School of Life Science , Hokkaido University , N21, W11, Kita-ku , Sapporo 001-0021 , Japan . .,Medicinal Chemistry Pharmaceuticals Co. Ltd. , Sapporo 060-0009 , Japan
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Effects of isomaltulose on insulin resistance and metabolites in patients with non‑alcoholic fatty liver disease: A metabolomic analysis. Mol Med Rep 2018; 18:2033-2042. [PMID: 29956790 PMCID: PMC6072173 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.9223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin resistance is associated with a poor prognosis in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) patients. Isomaltulose, a naturally-occurring disaccharide, is reported to improve glucose and lipid metabolisms in obese patients. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of isomaltulose on insulin resistance and various metabolites in NAFLD patients. Five male patients with NAFLD consumed 20 g isomaltulose or sucrose (control). Changes in insulin resistance and metabolites were evaluated by alterations of serum C-peptide immunoreactivity (CPR) and metabolomic analysis from baseline to 15 min after the administration, respectively. There was no significant difference in changes of blood glucose level; however, the CPR level was significantly decreased in the Isomaltulose group compared to the control group (0.94±0.89 vs. −0.12±0.31, P=0.0216). In a metabolomic analysis, a significant alteration was seen in 52 metabolites between the control and Isomaltulose groups. In particular, the taurodeoxycholic acid level significantly increased approximately 12.5-fold, and the arachidonic acid level significantly decreased approximately 0.01-fold. Together, it present study demonstrated that isomaltulose improved insulin resistance in NAFLD patients. It was also revealed that isomaltulose affects taurodeoxycholic acid and arachidonic acid. Thus, isomaltulose may have a beneficial effect on insulin resistance through alterations of bile acid and fatty acid metabolisms in NAFLD patients.
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Large-scale identification and visualization of human liver N-glycome enriched from LO2 cells. Anal Bioanal Chem 2018; 410:4195-4202. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-018-1070-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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35
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Shinozaki E, Tanabe K, Akiyoshi T, Tsuchida T, Miyazaki Y, Kojima N, Igarashi M, Ueno M, Suenaga M, Mizunuma N, Yamaguchi K, Nakayama K, Iijima S, Yamaguchi T. Serum leucine-rich alpha-2-glycoprotein-1 with fucosylated triantennary N-glycan: a novel colorectal cancer marker. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:406. [PMID: 29642865 PMCID: PMC5896117 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-4252-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and carbohydrate antigen (CA)19-9 are used in clinical practice as tumor markers to diagnose or monitor colorectal cancer (CRC) patients, However, their specificities and sensitivities are not ideal, and novel alternatives are needed. In this study, mass spectrometry was used to search for screening markers, focusing on glycan alterations of glycoproteins in the sera of CRC patients. METHODS Glycopeptides were prepared from serum glycoproteins separated from blood samples of 80 CRC patients and 50 healthy volunteers, and their levels were measured by liquid chromatography time-of flight mass spectrometry (LC-TOF-MS). RESULTS Leucine-rich alpha-2-glycoprotein-1 with fucosylated triantennary N-glycan (LRG-FTG) was identified as CRC marker after evaluating 30,000 candidate glycopeptide peaks. The average LRG-FTG level in CRC patients (1.25 ± 0.973 U/mL) was much higher than that in healthy volunteers (0.496 ± 0.433 U/mL, P < 10- 10), and its sensitivity and specificity exceeded those of CA19-9. The combination of CEA and LRG-FTG showed a complementary effect and had better sensitivity (84%), specificity (90%), and AUC (0.91 by ROC analysis) than each marker alone or any other previously reported marker. LRG-FTG alone or combined with CEA also corresponded well with patient response to treatment. CONCLUSIONS We identified LRG-FTG as a new CRC marker, with a sensitivity and specificity exceeding CA19-9. The combination of LRG-FTG and CEA showed much higher sensitivity and specificity than each marker alone. Further validation beyond this initial exploratory cohort is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiji Shinozaki
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Cancer Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Tanabe
- Medical Solution Promotion Department, Medical Solution Segment, LSI Medience Corporation, 3-30-1 Shimura, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Takashi Akiyoshi
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Cancer Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Tsuchida
- Department of Gastroenterology, Cancer Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuko Miyazaki
- Biotechnology Laboratory Mitsubishi Chemical Group Science and Technology Research Center, Inc, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nozomi Kojima
- Biotechnology Laboratory Mitsubishi Chemical Group Science and Technology Research Center, Inc, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahiro Igarashi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Cancer Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masashi Ueno
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Cancer Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mitsukuni Suenaga
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Cancer Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Mizunuma
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Cancer Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kensei Yamaguchi
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Cancer Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Konosuke Nakayama
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cancer Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sadayo Iijima
- International Sales Department, LSI Medience Corporation, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiharu Yamaguchi
- Cancer Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
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Tanabe K, Matsuo K, Miyazawa M, Hayashi M, Ikeda M, Shida M, Hirasawa T, Sho R, Mikami M. UPLC-MS/MS based diagnostics for epithelial ovarian cancer using fully sialylated C4-binding protein. Biomed Chromatogr 2018; 32:e4180. [PMID: 29265394 PMCID: PMC7534807 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Revised: 12/03/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Serum levels of fully sialylated C4-binding protein (FS-C4BP) are remarkably elevated in patients with epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) and can be used as a marker to distinguish ovarian clear cell carcinoma from endometrioma. This study aimed to develop a stable, robust and reliable liquid chromatography–hybrid mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) based diagnostic method that would generalize FS-C4BP as a clinical EOC biomarker. Glycopeptides derived from 20 μL of trypsin-digested serum glycoprotein were analyzed via UPLC equipped with an electrospray ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometer. This UPLC-MS/MS-based diagnostic method was optimized for FS-C4BP and validated using sera from 119 patients with EOC and 127 women without cancer. A1958 (C4BP peptide with two fully sialylated biantennary glycans) was selected as a marker of FS-C4BP because its level in serum was highest among FS-C4BP family members. Preparation and UPLC-MS/MS were optimized for A1958, and performance and robustness were significantly improved relative to our previous method. An area under the curve analysis of the FS-C4BP index receiver operating characteristic curve revealed that the ratio between A1958 and A1813 (C4BP peptide with two partially sialylated biantennary glycans) reached 85%. A combination of the FS-C4BP index and carbohydrate antigen-125 levels further enhanced the sensitivity and specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Tanabe
- Medical Solution Promotion Department, Medical Solution Segment, LSI Medience Corporation, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koji Matsuo
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Masaki Miyazawa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Masaru Hayashi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Masae Ikeda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Masako Shida
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Takeshi Hirasawa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Ryuichiro Sho
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sho Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mikio Mikami
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
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de Oliveira RM, Ornelas Ricart CA, Araujo Martins AM. Use of Mass Spectrometry to Screen Glycan Early Markers in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Front Oncol 2018; 7:328. [PMID: 29379771 PMCID: PMC5775512 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2017.00328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Association between altered glycosylation patterns and poor prognosis in cancer points glycans as potential specific tumor markers. Most proteins are glycosylated and functionally arranged on cell surface and extracellular matrix, mediating interactions and cellular signaling. Thereby, aberrant glycans may be considered a pathological phenotype at least as important as changes in protein expression for cancer and other complex diseases. As most serum glycoproteins have hepatic origin, liver disease phenotypes, such as hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), may present altered glycan profile and display important modifications. One of the prominent obstacles in HCC is the diagnostic in advanced stages when patients have several liver dysfunctions, limiting treatment options and life expectancy. The characterization of glycomic profiles in pathological conditions by means of mass spectrometry (MS) may lead to the discovery of early diagnostic markers using non-invasive approaches. MS is a powerful analytical technique capable of elucidating many glycobiological issues and overcome limitations of the serological markers currently applied in clinical practice. Therefore, MS-based glycomics of tumor biomarkers is a promising tool to increase early detection and monitoring of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphaela Menezes de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Protein Chemistry, Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Carlos Andre Ornelas Ricart
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Protein Chemistry, Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Aline Maria Araujo Martins
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Protein Chemistry, Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil.,University Hospital Walter Cantídeo, Surgery Department, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Brazil
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Kailemia MJ, Xu G, Wong M, Li Q, Goonatilleke E, Leon F, Lebrilla CB. Recent Advances in the Mass Spectrometry Methods for Glycomics and Cancer. Anal Chem 2018; 90:208-224. [PMID: 29049885 PMCID: PMC6200424 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b04202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Muchena J. Kailemia
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, United States
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Gege Xu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, United States
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Maurice Wong
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, United States
| | - Qiongyu Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, United States
| | - Elisha Goonatilleke
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, United States
| | - Frank Leon
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, United States
| | - Carlito B. Lebrilla
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- Foods for Health Institute, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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Hashim OH, Jayapalan JJ, Lee CS. Lectins: an effective tool for screening of potential cancer biomarkers. PeerJ 2017; 5:e3784. [PMID: 28894650 PMCID: PMC5592079 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.3784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the use of lectins for screening of potential biomarkers has gained increased importance in cancer research, given the development in glycobiology that highlights altered structural changes of glycans in cancer associated processes. Lectins, having the properties of recognizing specific carbohydrate moieties of glycoconjugates, have become an effective tool for detection of new cancer biomarkers in complex bodily fluids and tissues. The specificity of lectins provides an added advantage of selecting peptides that are differently glycosylated and aberrantly expressed in cancer patients, many of which are not possibly detected using conventional methods because of their low abundance in bodily fluids. When coupled with mass spectrometry, research utilizing lectins, which are mainly from plants and fungi, has led to identification of numerous potential cancer biomarkers that may be used in the future. This article reviews lectin-based methods that are commonly adopted in cancer biomarker discovery research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onn Haji Hashim
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,University of Malaya Centre for Proteomics Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Jaime Jacqueline Jayapalan
- University of Malaya Centre for Proteomics Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Cheng-Siang Lee
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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40
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Åström E, Stål P, Zenlander R, Edenvik P, Alexandersson C, Haglund M, Rydén I, Påhlsson P. Reverse lectin ELISA for detecting fucosylated forms of α1-acid glycoprotein associated with hepatocellular carcinoma. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0173897. [PMID: 28296934 PMCID: PMC5352000 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0173897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Altered fucosylation of glycoproteins is associated with development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Lectins have been commonly used to assay changes in fucosylation of plasma glycoproteins. In the present study a recombinantly engineered form of the fucose binding lectin Aleuria aurantia (AAL) consisting of a single binding site for fucose (S2), was used to construct a reverse lectin ELISA method. Microtiter plates coated with the S2 lectin were used to capture glycoproteins from plasma samples followed by antibody detection of S2-bound fucosylated α1-acid glycoprotein (S2-bound AGP). The method was used to compare the level of S2-bound AGP in serum samples from a small cohort of patients with hepatitis, cirrhosis or HCC. Using the reverse S2 lectin ELISA it was shown that the levels of S2-bound AGP was significantly higher in HCC patients compared to non-cancer patients and that there was also a significant elevation of S2-bound AGP in HCC patients compared to cirrhosis patients. There was no correlation between the level of S2-bound AGP and total AGP concentration. The performance of S2-bound AGP in differentiating HCC from cirrhosis samples or hepatitis samples were compared to other markers. A combination of S2-bound AGP, α-fetoprotein and AGP concentration showed performances giving area under receiver operating curves of 0.87 and 0.95 respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Åström
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- * E-mail:
| | - Per Stål
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Robin Zenlander
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Pia Edenvik
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Mats Haglund
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Kalmar County Hospital, Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Ingvar Rydén
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Kalmar County Hospital, Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Peter Påhlsson
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
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