1
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Sun Y, Zhang L, Jiang Z. The role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors in the regulation of bile acid metabolism. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2024; 134:315-324. [PMID: 38048777 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.13971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
Bile acids are synthesized from cholesterol in the liver. Dysregulation of bile acid homeostasis, characterized by excessive accumulation in the liver, gallbladder and blood, can lead to hepatocellular damage and the development of cholestatic liver disease. Nuclear receptors play a crucial role in the control of bile acid metabolism by efficiently regulating bile acid synthesis and transport in the liver. Among these receptors, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR), a ligand-activated transcription factor belonging to the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily, controls the expression of genes involved in adipogenesis, lipid metabolism, inflammation and glucose homeostasis and has emerged as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of the metabolic syndrome in the past two decades. Emerging evidence suggests that PPAR activation holds promise as a therapeutic target for cholestatic liver disease, as it affects both bile acid production and transport. This review provides a comprehensive overview of recent advances in elucidating the role of PPAR in the regulation of bile acid metabolism, highlighting the current position of PPAR agonists in the treatment of primary biliary cholangitis. By summarizing the specific regulatory effects of PPAR on bile acids, this review contributes to the exploration of novel therapeutic strategies for cholestatic liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Sun
- New Drug Screening Center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, Pharmaceutical Animal Experimental Center, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Luyong Zhang
- New Drug Screening Center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, Pharmaceutical Animal Experimental Center, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
- Center for Drug Research and Development, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenzhou Jiang
- New Drug Screening Center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, Pharmaceutical Animal Experimental Center, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
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2
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Wang Y, Wan X, Du S. Integrated analysis revealing a novel stemness-metabolism-related gene signature for predicting prognosis and immunotherapy response in hepatocellular carcinoma. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1100100. [PMID: 37622118 PMCID: PMC10445950 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1100100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a malignant lethal tumor and both cancer stem cells (CSCs) and metabolism reprogramming have been proven to play indispensable roles in HCC. This study aimed to reveal the connection between metabolism reprogramming and the stemness characteristics of HCC, established a new gene signature related to stemness and metabolism and utilized it to assess HCC prognosis and immunotherapy response. The clinical information and gene expression profiles (GEPs) of 478 HCC patients came from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). The one-class logistic regression (OCLR) algorithm was employed to calculate the messenger ribonucleic acid expression-based stemness index (mRNAsi), a new stemness index quantifying stemness features. Differentially expressed analyses were done between high- and low-mRNAsi groups and 74 differentially expressed metabolism-related genes (DEMRGs) were identified with the help of metabolism-related gene sets from Molecular Signatures Database (MSigDB). After integrated analysis, a risk score model based on the three most efficient prognostic DEMRGs, including Recombinant Phosphofructokinase Platelet (PFKP), phosphodiesterase 2A (PDE2A) and UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A5 (UGT1A5) was constructed and HCC patients were divided into high-risk and low-risk groups. Significant differences were found in pathway enrichment, immune cell infiltration patterns, and gene alterations between the two groups. High-risk group patients tended to have worse clinical outcomes and were more likely to respond to immunotherapy. A stemness-metabolism-related model composed of gender, age, the risk score model and tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) staging was generated and showed great discrimination and strong ability in predicting HCC prognosis and immunotherapy response.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Shunda Du
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Beijing, China
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3
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Ye X, Zhang T, Han H. PPARα: A potential therapeutic target of cholestasis. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:916866. [PMID: 35924060 PMCID: PMC9342652 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.916866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The accumulation of bile acids in the liver leads to the development of cholestasis and hepatocyte injury. Nuclear receptors control the synthesis and transport of bile acids in the liver. Among them, the farnesoid X receptor (FXR) is the most common receptor studied in treating cholestasis. The activation of this receptor can reduce the amount of bile acid synthesis and decrease the bile acid content in the liver, alleviating cholestasis. Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) and obeticholic acid (OCA) have a FXR excitatory effect, but the unresponsiveness of some patients and the side effect of pruritus seriously affect the results of UDCA or OCA treatment. The activator of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) has emerged as a new target for controlling the synthesis and transport of bile acids during cholestasis. Moreover, the anti-inflammatory effect of PPARα can effectively reduce cholestatic liver injury, thereby improving patients’ physiological status. Here, we will focus on the function of PPARα and its involvement in the regulation of bile acid transport and metabolism. In addition, the anti-inflammatory effects of PPARα will be discussed in some detail. Finally, we will discuss the application of PPARα agonists for cholestatic liver disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyin Ye
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tong Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Tong Zhang, ; Han Han,
| | - Han Han
- Experiment Center for Teaching and Learning, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Tong Zhang, ; Han Han,
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4
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Xu S, Qiao X, Peng P, Zhu Z, Li Y, Yu M, Chen L, Cai Y, Xu J, Shi X, Proud CG, Xie J, Shen K. Da-Chai-Hu-Tang Protects From Acute Intrahepatic Cholestasis by Inhibiting Hepatic Inflammation and Bile Accumulation via Activation of PPARα. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:847483. [PMID: 35370715 PMCID: PMC8965327 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.847483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholestasis is caused by intrahepatic retention of excessive toxic bile acids and ultimately results in hepatic failure. Da-Chai-Hu-Tang (DCHT) has been used in China to treat liver and gallbladder diseases for over 1800 years. Here, we demonstrated that DCHT treatment prevented acute intrahepatic cholestasis with liver injury in response to α-naphthylisothiocyanate (ANIT) not to bile duct ligation (BDL) induced-extrahepatic cholestasis. ANIT (80 mg/kg) increased serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), direct bilirubin (DBiL), total bilirubin (TBiL), and total bile acids (TBA) which was attenuated by DCHT treatment in a dose-dependent manner. DCHT treatment at high dose of 1.875 g/kg restored bile acid homeostasis, as evidenced by the recovery of the transcription of genes implicated in bile acid biosynthesis, uptake and efflux. DCHT treatment (1.875 g/kg) reversed ANIT-evoked disordered glutathione homeostasis (as determined by GSH/GSSG ratio) and increased in the mRNA levels for Il6, Il1b and Tnfa associated with liver inflammation. Using network pharmacology-based approaches, we identified 22 putative targets involved in DCHT treatment for intrahepatic cholestasis not extrahepatic cholestasis. In addition, as evidenced by dual-luciferase reporter assays, compounds from DCHT with high affinity of PPARα increased luciferase levels from a PPARα-driven reporter. PPARα agonist fenofibrate was able to mimic the cytoprotective effect of DCHT on intrahepatic cholestasis, which was abolished by the PPARα antagonist GW6471. KEGG enrichment and western blot analyses showed that signaling axes of JNK/IL-6/NF-κB/STAT3 related to PPARα might be the principal pathway DCHT affects intrahepatic cholestasis. Taken together, the present study provides compelling evidence that DCHT is a promising formula against acute intrahepatic cholestasis with hepatotoxicity which works via PPARα activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihao Xu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xi Qiao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Peike Peng
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ziyi Zhu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yaoting Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengyuan Yu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Long Chen
- Experimental Center for Science and Technology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yin Cai
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jin Xu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinwei Shi
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Christopher G Proud
- Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia.,Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Jianling Xie
- Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia.,Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Kaikai Shen
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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5
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Wang C, Peng F, Zhong B, Shi Y, Wang X, Jin X, Niu J. Metabolomic Analysis Reveals the Therapeutic Effects of MBT1805, a Novel Pan-Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Agonist, on α-Naphthylisothiocyanate-Induced Cholestasis in Mice. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:732478. [PMID: 34776958 PMCID: PMC8585842 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.732478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims: Therapeutic drugs that are used to treat cholestatic liver disease are limited; however, the results of clinical trials on primary biliary cholangitis treatment targeting peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are encouraging. In this study, we aimed to identify the effects of MBT1805, a novel balanced PPARα/γ/δ agonist, on cholestasis induced by α-naphthylisothiocyanate (ANIT) and elucidate the underlying mechanisms through untargeted and bile acid-targeted metabolomic analysis. Methods: Levels of serum biochemical indicators (transaminase, aspartate transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, and total bilirubin) and liver histopathology were analyzed to evaluate the therapeutic effects of MBT1805 on ANIT-induced cholestasis in C57BL/6 mice. Untargeted and bile acid-targeted metabolomic analysis of liver tissues was performed using ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (UPLC-MC/MC). qRT-PCR and Western blot analysis were carried out to measure the expression of key enzymes and transporters regulating bile acid synthesis, biotransformation, and transport. Results: MBT1805 significantly improved abnormal levels of liver biochemical indicators and gallbladder enlargement induced by ANIT. Histopathological analysis showed that MBT1805 effectively relieved ANIT-induced necrosis, vacuolation, and inflammatory infiltration. Untargeted metabolomic analysis identified 27 metabolites that were involved in the primary biliary acid biosynthesis pathway. In addition, bile acid-targeted metabolomics showed that MBT1805 could alleviate the abnormal bile acid content and composition induced by ANIT. Furthermore, qRT-PCR and Western blot results confirmed that MBT1805 could effectively regulate bile acid synthesis, biotransformation, and transport which helps relieve cholestasis. Conclusions: MBT1805 is a potential candidate drug for cholestasis, with a balanced PPARα/γ/δ activation effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Wang
- Department of Hepatology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China.,Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry Education, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Fei Peng
- Department of Hepatology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China.,Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry Education, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Bohua Zhong
- Beijing JK HuaYuan Med Tech Company LTD, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Shi
- Department of Hepatology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China.,Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry Education, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Xiaomei Wang
- Department of Hepatology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China.,Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry Education, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Xueyuan Jin
- International Center for Liver Disease Treatment, Fifth Medical Center of China PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Junqi Niu
- Department of Hepatology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China.,Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry Education, Changchun, Jilin, China
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6
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Zhang K, Yao Y, Wang M, Liu F, Wang Q, Ma H, Xie Y, Ma Y, Dai P, Zhu C, Lin C. A UPLC-MS/MS-based metabolomics analysis of the pharmacological mechanisms of rabdosia serra against cholestasis. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 91:153683. [PMID: 34364160 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rabdosia Serra, the dried aerial parts of Rabdosia serra (Maxim.) Hara (RS) from the Labiatae family, is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine called Xihuangcao. Although RS has been found to exert a therapeutic effect on cholestasis, the underlying molecular mechanism remains unclear. PURPOSE This study was designed to investigate the pharmacological effect and mechanism of RS on cholestatic rats using metabolomics platform. METHODS Histopathology and biochemical evaluations were performed to determine the therapeutic effect of RS and developed a rapid metabolite detection technology method based on UPLC-MS/MS to perform metabolomics research. Further, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was used to study the effect of RS on the bile acid metabolism pathway at the transcriptional level. RESULTS RS significantly reduced the bile flow rates in cholestatic rats and decreased the levels of ALT, AST, TBA, T-BIL, and LDH, which were increased in the model group. Histological analysis showed that RS alleviated the liver injury induced by ANIT. Serum metabolomics results revealed 33 of the 37 biomarkers were found to be significantly altered by ANIT, and 26 were considerably changed following treatment with RS. Metabolic pathway analysis revealed four pathways such as primary bile acid biosynthesis, biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids, and arachidonic acid and tryptophan metabolism. The bile acid secretion process and the inflammation and oxidative stress processes are the major biochemical reactions following treatment with ANIT and RS. Bile acid-targeted metabolomics study showed that TCA, GCA, GCDCA, and GDCA might be sensitive biomarkers that induced liver injury. we found that treatment with RS regulated the levels of bile acid in the serum and liver and restored the proportion of bile acids, especially CA and conjugated bile acids, such as TCA and GCA, in the bile duct. RS increased the mRNA expression levels of FXR, SHP, BSEP, and MRP2 in livers, and IBABP, OST-α, and OST-β in the ileum. CONCLUSION In this study, RS was found to protect the liver by regulating multiple metabolic pathways and promoting the excretion of bile acids. Simultaneously, RS played an essential role in reversing the imbalance of bile acids and protected against cholestasis by regulating the expression of transporters associated with bile acids. We demonstrated the correlation between molecular mechanisms and metabolites, provide a reference for the fabrication of extracts that can be used to treat cholestasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaihui Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No.232 Waihuandong Rd, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yufeng Yao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No.232 Waihuandong Rd, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Meiqi Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No.232 Waihuandong Rd, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Fangle Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No.232 Waihuandong Rd, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Qian Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No.232 Waihuandong Rd, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Huanhuan Ma
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No.232 Waihuandong Rd, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yuanyuan Xie
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No.232 Waihuandong Rd, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yunxia Ma
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No.232 Waihuandong Rd, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Pengyu Dai
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No.232 Waihuandong Rd, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Chenchen Zhu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No.232 Waihuandong Rd, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Chaozhan Lin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No.232 Waihuandong Rd, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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7
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Liu J, Fan Y, Yu H, Xu T, Zhang C, Zhou L, Li G, Zhang Y. Allopurinol Protects Against Cholestatic Liver Injury in Mice Not Through Depletion of Uric Acid. Toxicol Sci 2021; 181:295-305. [PMID: 33749747 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfab034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholestasis is one of the most severe manifestations of liver injury and has limited therapeutic options. Allopurinol (AP), an inhibitor of uric acid (UA) synthesis, was reported to prevent liver damage in several liver diseases. However, whether AP protects against intrahepatic cholestatic liver injury and what is the role of UA in the pathogenesis of cholestasis remain unknown. In this study, we reported that AP attenuated liver injury in a mouse model of intrahepatic cholestasis induced by alpha-naphthylisothiocyanate (ANIT). AP showed no significant effect on glutathione depletion, inflammation, or bile acid metabolism in livers of ANIT-treated mice. Instead, AP significantly improved fatty acid β-oxidation in livers of ANIT-treated mice, which was associated with activation of PPARα. The protective effect of AP on cholestatic liver injury was not attributable to the depletion of UA, because both exogenous and endogenous UA prevented liver injury in ANIT-treated mice via inhibition of NF-kB-mediated inflammation. In conclusion, the present study provides a new perspective for the therapeutic use of AP and the role of UA in cholestatic liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yang Fan
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Hang Yu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Tong Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Chunze Zhang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin 300121, China
| | - Lijun Zhou
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Gentao Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.,School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Shandong 261053, China
| | - Youcai Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
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8
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Sultana H, Komai M, Shirakawa H. The Role of Vitamin K in Cholestatic Liver Disease. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13082515. [PMID: 34444675 PMCID: PMC8400302 DOI: 10.3390/nu13082515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin K (VK) is a ligand of the pregnane X receptor (PXR), which plays a critical role in the detoxification of xenobiotics and metabolism of bile acids. VK1 may reduce the risk of death in patients with chronic liver failure. VK deficiency is associated with intrahepatic cholestasis, and is already being used as a drug for cholestasis-induced liver fibrosis in China. In Japan, to treat osteoporosis in patients with primary biliary cholangitis, VK2 formulations are prescribed, along with vitamin D3. Animal studies have revealed that after bile duct ligation-induced cholestasis, PXR knockout mice manifested more hepatic damage than wild-type mice. Ligand-mediated activation of PXR improves biochemical parameters. Rifampicin is a well-known human PXR ligand that has been used to treat intractable pruritus in severe cholestasis. In addition to its anti-cholestatic properties, PXR has anti-fibrotic and anti-inflammatory effects. However, because of the scarcity of animal studies, the mechanism of the effect of VK on cholestasis-related liver disease has not yet been revealed. Moreover, the application of VK in cholestasis-related diseases is controversial. Considering this background, the present review focuses on the effect of VK in cholestasis-related diseases, emphasizing its function as a modulator of PXR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halima Sultana
- Laboratory of Nutrition, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 468-1 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8572, Japan; (H.S.); (M.K.)
| | - Michio Komai
- Laboratory of Nutrition, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 468-1 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8572, Japan; (H.S.); (M.K.)
| | - Hitoshi Shirakawa
- Laboratory of Nutrition, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 468-1 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8572, Japan; (H.S.); (M.K.)
- International Education and Research Center for Food Agricultural Immunology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 468-1 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8572, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-22-757-4402
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9
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Wu J, Fang S, Li W, Li Y, Li Y, Wang T, Yang L, Liu S, Wang Z, Ma Y. Metabolomics research on the hepatoprotective effect of cultured bear bile powder in α-naphthylisothiocyanate-induced cholestatic mice. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2020; 1153:122269. [PMID: 32739790 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2020.122269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Natural bear bile powder (NBBP) is a famous traditional medicine and has been widely used in clinic. However, access to the sources of bear bile is restricted; hence, it is essential to discover new substitutes for NBBP. Cultured bear bile powder (CBBP) is transformed from chicken bile and contains main ingredients as to NBBP. In the present study, the effect and potential mechanism of action of CBBP on cholestatic liver injury in-naphthylisothiocyanate (ANIT)-induced mouse model was explored using metabolomics. CBBP treatment ameliorated impaired hepatic dysfunction and tissue damage that induced by ANIT. Metabolomics showed there were 28 different metabolites induced by ANIT as compared with control mice, and 18 of which was reversed by CBBP. Pathway analysis revealed that those 18 metabolites are mainly involved in bile acid (BA) biosynthesis and D-glutamine and D-glutamate metabolism. Further LC-MS/MS analysis showed that CBBP and NBBP both reduced serum and liver levels of BAs, but increased their biliary levels. Additionally, CBBP and NBBP upregulated expression of BA efflux transporters, Mrp2, Mrp3, and Mrp4, and metabolic enzymes, Cyp2b10 and Ugt1a1 of liver tissue of cholestatic mice, increased the BA excretion and metabolism. Moreover, CBBP and NBBP treatment upregulated GCLc/GCLm expression, and restored glutathione metabolism. In conclusion, the protective effects of CBBP against cholestatic liver injury were similar to those of NBBP. Mechanistically, both CBBP and NBBP reversed the disruption in homeostasis of BAs and glutathione, alleviating damage to hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiasheng Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Su Fang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Wenkai Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yifei Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Tianming Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Li Yang
- Research Centre for Traditional Chinese Medicine of Complexity Systems, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shaoyong Liu
- Shanghai Kai Bao Pharmaceutical CO. Ltd., Shanghai 201401, China
| | - Zhengtao Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Complex Prescription and MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 2012013, China.
| | - Yueming Ma
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
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10
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Beyoğlu D, Idle JR. Metabolomic and Lipidomic Biomarkers for Premalignant Liver Disease Diagnosis and Therapy. Metabolites 2020; 10:E50. [PMID: 32012846 PMCID: PMC7074571 DOI: 10.3390/metabo10020050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, there has been a plethora of attempts to discover biomarkers that are more reliable than α-fetoprotein for the early prediction and prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Efforts have involved such fields as genomics, transcriptomics, epigenetics, microRNA, exosomes, proteomics, glycoproteomics, and metabolomics. HCC arises against a background of inflammation, steatosis, and cirrhosis, due mainly to hepatic insults caused by alcohol abuse, hepatitis B and C virus infection, adiposity, and diabetes. Metabolomics offers an opportunity, without recourse to liver biopsy, to discover biomarkers for premalignant liver disease, thereby alerting the potential of impending HCC. We have reviewed metabolomic studies in alcoholic liver disease (ALD), cholestasis, fibrosis, cirrhosis, nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFL), and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Specificity was our major criterion in proposing clinical evaluation of indole-3-lactic acid, phenyllactic acid, N-lauroylglycine, decatrienoate, N-acetyltaurine for ALD, urinary sulfated bile acids for cholestasis, cervonoyl ethanolamide for fibrosis, 16α-hydroxyestrone for cirrhosis, and the pattern of acyl carnitines for NAFL and NASH. These examples derive from a large body of published metabolomic observations in various liver diseases in adults, adolescents, and children, together with animal models. Many other options have been tabulated. Metabolomic biomarkers for premalignant liver disease may help reduce the incidence of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jeffrey R. Idle
- Arthur G. Zupko’s Division of Systems Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics, Arnold & Marie Schwartz College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Long Island University, 75 Dekalb Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11201, USA;
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Therapeutic action against chronic cholestatic liver injury by low-dose fenofibrate involves anti-chemotaxis via JNK–AP1–CCL2/CXCL2 signaling. Pharmacol Rep 2020; 72:935-944. [DOI: 10.1007/s43440-019-00043-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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12
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Wu JS, Liu Q, Fang SH, Liu X, Zheng M, Wang TM, Zhang H, Liu P, Zhou H, Ma YM. Quantitative Proteomics Reveals the Protective Effects of Huangqi Decoction Against Acute Cholestatic Liver Injury by Inhibiting the NF-κB/IL-6/STAT3 Signaling Pathway. J Proteome Res 2019; 19:677-687. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.9b00563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Qian Liu
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and CAS Key Laboratory for Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Number 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shan-Hua Fang
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and CAS Key Laboratory for Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xing Liu
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and CAS Key Laboratory for Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | | | | | - Hua Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Ping Liu
- Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Hu Zhou
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and CAS Key Laboratory for Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Number 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
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Andrographolide impairs alpha-naphthylisothiocyanate-induced cholestatic liver injury in vivo. J Nat Med 2019; 73:388-396. [DOI: 10.1007/s11418-018-01275-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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14
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Hua H, Dai M, Luo Y, Lin H, Xu G, Hu X, Xu L, Zhang H, Tang Z, Chang L, Liu A, Yang J. Basal PPARα inhibits bile acid metabolism adaptation in chronic cholestatic model induced by α-naphthylisothiocyanate. Toxicol Lett 2018; 300:31-39. [PMID: 30352267 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2018.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Revised: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cholestasis is one of the most challenging diseases to be treated in current hepatology. However little is known about the adaptation difference and the underlying mechanism between acute and chronic cholestasis. In this study, wild-type and Pparα-null mice were orally administered diet containing 0.05% ANIT to induce chronic cholestasis. Biochemistry, histopathology and serum metabolome analysis exhibited the similar toxic phenotype between wild-type and Pparα-null mice. Bile acid metabolism was strongly adapted in Pparα-null mice but not in wild-type mice. The Shp and Fxr mRNA was found to be doubled in cholestatic Pparα-null mice compared with the control group. Western blot confirmed the up-regulated expression of FXR in Pparα-null mice treated with ANIT. Inflammation was found to be stronger in Pparα-null mice than those in wild-type mice in chronic cholestasis. These data chain indicated that bile acid metabolism and inflammation signaling were different between wild-type and Pparα-null mice developing chronic cholestasis, although their toxic phenotypes could not be discriminated. So basal PPARα cross-talked with FXR and inhibited bile acid metabolism adaptation in chronic cholestasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiying Hua
- Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Manyun Dai
- Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yishuang Luo
- Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Hante Lin
- Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Gangming Xu
- Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Xiaowei Hu
- Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Liping Xu
- Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Haoyue Zhang
- Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Zhiyuan Tang
- Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Liming Chang
- Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Aiming Liu
- Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
| | - Julin Yang
- Ningbo College of Health Sciences, Ningbo 315100, China.
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Hua H, Yang J, Lin H, Xi Y, Dai M, Xu G, Wang F, Liu L, Zhao T, Huang J, Gonzalez FJ, Liu A. PPARα-independent action against metabolic syndrome development by fibrates is mediated by inhibition of STAT3 signalling. J Pharm Pharmacol 2018; 70:1630-1642. [PMID: 30251457 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.13014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Metabolic syndrome (MS) is the concurrence of at least three of five medical conditions: obesity, high blood pressure, insulin resistance, high serum triglyceride (TG) and low serum high-density lipoprotein levels. While fibrates are used to treat disorders other than the lowering serum TG, the mechanism by which fibrates decrease MS has not been established. METHODS In this study, wild-type and Ppara-null mice fed a medium-fat diet (MFD) were administered gemfibrozil and fenofibrate for 3 months respectively, to explore the effect and action mechanism. KEY FINDINGS In Ppara-null mice, MFD treatment increased body weight, adipose tissue, serum TG and impaired glucose tolerance. These phenotypes were attenuated in two groups treated with gemfibrozil and fenofibrate. The STAT3 pathway was activated in adipose and hepatic tissues in positive control, and inhibited in groups treated with gemfibrozil and fenofibrate. The above phenotypes and inflammation were not observed in any wild-type group. In 3T3-L1 adipogenic stem cells treated with high glucose, STAT3 knockdown greatly decreased the number of lipid droplets. CONCLUSIONS Low dose of clinical fibrates was effective against MS development independent of PPARα, and this action was mediated by STAT3 signalling inhibition in adipose tissue and, to a lesser extent, in hepatic tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiying Hua
- Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Julin Yang
- Ningbo College of Health Sciences, Ningbo, China
| | - Hante Lin
- Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Yang Xi
- Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Manyun Dai
- Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Gangming Xu
- Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Fuyan Wang
- Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Lihong Liu
- Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Tingqi Zhao
- Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Jing Huang
- Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Frank J Gonzalez
- Laboratory of Metabolism, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Aiming Liu
- Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
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