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Huhnstock R, Paetzold L, Merkel M, Kuświk P, Ehresmann A. Combined Funnel, Concentrator, and Particle Valve Functional Element for Magnetophoretic Bead Transport Based on Engineered Magnetic Domain Patterns. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2305675. [PMID: 37888794 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202305675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Controlled actuation of superparamagnetic beads (SPBs) within a microfluidic environment using tailored dynamic magnetic field landscapes (MFLs) is a potent approach for the realization of point-of-care diagnostics within Lab-on-a-chip (LOC) systems. Making use of an engineered magnetic domain pattern as the MFL source, a functional LOC-element with combined magnetophoretic "funnel", concentrator, and "valve" functions for micron-sized SPBs is presented. A parallel-stripe domain pattern design with periodically decreasing/increasing stripe lengths is fabricated in a topographically flat continuous exchange biased (EB) thin film system by ion bombardment induced magnetic patterning (IBMP). It is demonstrated that, upon application of external magnetic field pulses, a fully reversible concentration of SPBs at the domain pattern's focal point occurs. In addition, it is shown that this functionality may be used as an SPB "funnel", allowing only a maximum number of particles to pass through the focal point. Adjusting the pulse time length, the focal point can be clogged up for incoming SPBs, resembling an on/off switchable particle "valve". The observations are supported by quantitative theoretical force considerations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rico Huhnstock
- Institute of Physics and Center for Interdisciplinary Nanostructure Science and Technology (CINSaT), University of Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Str. 40, D-34132, Kassel, Germany
- Artificial Intelligence Methods for Experiment Design (AIM-ED), Joint Lab of Helmholtzzentrum für Materialien und Energie, Berlin (HZB) and University of Kassel, Hahn Meitner-Platz 1, D-14109, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lukas Paetzold
- Institute of Physics and Center for Interdisciplinary Nanostructure Science and Technology (CINSaT), University of Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Str. 40, D-34132, Kassel, Germany
- Artificial Intelligence Methods for Experiment Design (AIM-ED), Joint Lab of Helmholtzzentrum für Materialien und Energie, Berlin (HZB) and University of Kassel, Hahn Meitner-Platz 1, D-14109, Berlin, Germany
| | - Maximilian Merkel
- Institute of Physics and Center for Interdisciplinary Nanostructure Science and Technology (CINSaT), University of Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Str. 40, D-34132, Kassel, Germany
- Artificial Intelligence Methods for Experiment Design (AIM-ED), Joint Lab of Helmholtzzentrum für Materialien und Energie, Berlin (HZB) and University of Kassel, Hahn Meitner-Platz 1, D-14109, Berlin, Germany
| | - Piotr Kuświk
- Institute of Molecular Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, M. Smoluchowskiego 17, Poznań, 60-179, Poland
| | - Arno Ehresmann
- Institute of Physics and Center for Interdisciplinary Nanostructure Science and Technology (CINSaT), University of Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Str. 40, D-34132, Kassel, Germany
- Artificial Intelligence Methods for Experiment Design (AIM-ED), Joint Lab of Helmholtzzentrum für Materialien und Energie, Berlin (HZB) and University of Kassel, Hahn Meitner-Platz 1, D-14109, Berlin, Germany
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Huhnstock R, Reginka M, Sonntag C, Merkel M, Dingel K, Sick B, Vogel M, Ehresmann A. Three-dimensional close-to-substrate trajectories of magnetic microparticles in dynamically changing magnetic field landscapes. Sci Rep 2022; 12:20890. [PMID: 36463293 PMCID: PMC9719552 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-25391-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The transport of magnetic particles (MPs) by dynamic magnetic field landscapes (MFLs) using magnetically patterned substrates is promising for the development of Lab-on-a-chip (LOC) systems. The inherent close-to-substrate MP motion is sensitive to changing particle-substrate interactions. Thus, the detection of a modified particle-substrate separation distance caused by surface binding of an analyte is expected to be a promising probe in analytics and diagnostics. Here, we present an essential prerequisite for such an application, namely the label-free quantitative experimental determination of the three-dimensional trajectories of superparamagnetic particles (SPPs) transported by a dynamically changing MFL. The evaluation of defocused SPP images from optical bright-field microscopy revealed a "hopping"-like motion of the magnetic particles, previously predicted by theory, additionally allowing a quantification of maximum jump heights. As our findings pave the way towards precise determination of particle-substrate separations, they bear deep implications for future LOC detection schemes using only optical microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rico Huhnstock
- grid.5155.40000 0001 1089 1036Institute of Physics and Center for Interdisciplinary Nanostructure Science and Technology (CINSaT), University of Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Strasse 40, 34132 Kassel, Germany ,grid.5155.40000 0001 1089 1036Artificial Intelligence Methods for Experiment Design (AIM-ED), Joint Lab of Helmholtzzentrum für Materialien und Energie, Berlin (HZB) and University of Kassel, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109 Berlin, Germany
| | - Meike Reginka
- grid.5155.40000 0001 1089 1036Institute of Physics and Center for Interdisciplinary Nanostructure Science and Technology (CINSaT), University of Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Strasse 40, 34132 Kassel, Germany
| | - Claudius Sonntag
- grid.5155.40000 0001 1089 1036Intelligent Embedded Systems, University of Kassel, Wilhelmshöher Allee 71-73, 34121 Kassel, Germany
| | - Maximilian Merkel
- grid.5155.40000 0001 1089 1036Institute of Physics and Center for Interdisciplinary Nanostructure Science and Technology (CINSaT), University of Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Strasse 40, 34132 Kassel, Germany ,grid.5155.40000 0001 1089 1036Artificial Intelligence Methods for Experiment Design (AIM-ED), Joint Lab of Helmholtzzentrum für Materialien und Energie, Berlin (HZB) and University of Kassel, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109 Berlin, Germany
| | - Kristina Dingel
- grid.5155.40000 0001 1089 1036Artificial Intelligence Methods for Experiment Design (AIM-ED), Joint Lab of Helmholtzzentrum für Materialien und Energie, Berlin (HZB) and University of Kassel, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109 Berlin, Germany ,grid.5155.40000 0001 1089 1036Intelligent Embedded Systems, University of Kassel, Wilhelmshöher Allee 71-73, 34121 Kassel, Germany
| | - Bernhard Sick
- grid.5155.40000 0001 1089 1036Artificial Intelligence Methods for Experiment Design (AIM-ED), Joint Lab of Helmholtzzentrum für Materialien und Energie, Berlin (HZB) and University of Kassel, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109 Berlin, Germany ,grid.5155.40000 0001 1089 1036Intelligent Embedded Systems, University of Kassel, Wilhelmshöher Allee 71-73, 34121 Kassel, Germany
| | - Michael Vogel
- grid.5155.40000 0001 1089 1036Institute of Physics and Center for Interdisciplinary Nanostructure Science and Technology (CINSaT), University of Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Strasse 40, 34132 Kassel, Germany ,grid.5155.40000 0001 1089 1036Artificial Intelligence Methods for Experiment Design (AIM-ED), Joint Lab of Helmholtzzentrum für Materialien und Energie, Berlin (HZB) and University of Kassel, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109 Berlin, Germany ,grid.9764.c0000 0001 2153 9986Present Address: Institute for Materials Science, Kiel University, Kaiserstraße 2, 24143 Kiel, Germany
| | - Arno Ehresmann
- grid.5155.40000 0001 1089 1036Institute of Physics and Center for Interdisciplinary Nanostructure Science and Technology (CINSaT), University of Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Strasse 40, 34132 Kassel, Germany ,grid.5155.40000 0001 1089 1036Artificial Intelligence Methods for Experiment Design (AIM-ED), Joint Lab of Helmholtzzentrum für Materialien und Energie, Berlin (HZB) and University of Kassel, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109 Berlin, Germany
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Translatory and rotatory motion of exchange-bias capped Janus particles controlled by dynamic magnetic field landscapes. Sci Rep 2021; 11:21794. [PMID: 34750449 PMCID: PMC8575999 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-01351-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetic Janus particles (MJPs), fabricated by covering a non-magnetic spherical particle with a hemispherical magnetic in-plane exchange-bias layer system cap, display an onion magnetization state for comparably large diameters of a few microns. In this work, the motion characteristics of these MJPs will be investigated when they are steered by a magnetic field landscape over prototypical parallel-stripe domains, dynamically varied by superposed external magnetic field pulse sequences, in an aqueous medium. We demonstrate, that due to the engineered magnetization state in the hemispherical cap, a comparably fast, directed particle transport and particle rotation can be induced. Additionally, by modifying the frequency of the applied pulse sequence and the strengths of the individual field components, we observe a possible separation between a combined or an individual occurrence of these two types of motion. Our findings bear importance for lab-on-a-chip systems, where particle immobilization on a surface via analyte bridges shall be used for low concentration analyte detection and a particle rotation over a defined position of a substrate may dramatically increase the immobilization (and therefore analyte detection) probability.
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