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Fu B, Espinosa-Marzal RM. Interfacial processes underlying the temperature-dependence of friction and wear of calcite single crystals. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 664:561-572. [PMID: 38484525 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2024.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS This study posits that thermal effects play a substantial role in influencing interfacial processes on calcite, and consequently impacting its mechanochemical properties. EXPERIMENTS This work interrogates the temperature-dependence of friction and wear at nanoscale contacts with calcite single crystals at low air humidity (≤ 3-10 % RH) by AFM. FINDINGS Three logarithmic regimes for the velocity-dependence of friction are identified. BelowTc ∼ 70 °C, where friction increases with T, there is a transition from velocity-weakening (W1) to velocity-strengthening friction (S1). AboveTc ∼ 70 °C, where friction decreases with T, a second velocity-strengthening friction regime (S0) precedes velocity-weakening friction (W1). The low humidity is sufficient to induce atomic scale changes of the calcite cleavage plane due to dissolution-reprecipitation, and more so at higher temperature and 10 % RH. Meanwhile, the surface softens above Tc -likely owing to lattice dilation, hydration and amorphization. These interfacial changes influence the wear mechanism, which transitions from pit formation to plowing with increase in temperature. Furthermore, the softening of the surface justifies the appearance of the second velocity-strengthening friction regime (S0). These findings advance our understanding of the influence of temperature on the interfacial and mechanochemical processes involving calcite, with implications in natural processes and industrial manufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binxin Fu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 205 N. Matthews Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, United States
| | - Rosa M Espinosa-Marzal
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 205 N. Matthews Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, United States; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1304 W. Green St., IL 618101, United States.
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Claesson PM, Wojas NA, Corkery R, Dedinaite A, Schoelkopf J, Tyrode E. The dynamic nature of natural and fatty acid modified calcite surfaces. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:2780-2805. [PMID: 38193529 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp04432g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Calcium carbonate, particularly in the form of calcite, is an abundant mineral widely used in both human-made products and biological systems. The calcite surface possesses a high surface energy, making it susceptible to the adsorption of organic contaminants. Moreover, the surface is also reactive towards a range of chemicals, including water. Consequently, studying and maintaining a clean and stable calcite surface is only possible under ultrahigh vacuum conditions and for limited amounts of time. When exposed to air or solution, the calcite surface undergoes rapid transformations, demanding a comprehensive understanding of the properties of calcite surfaces in different environments. Similarly, attention must also be directed towards the kinetics of changes, whether induced by fluctuating environments or at constant condition. All these aspects are encompassed in the expression "dynamic nature", and are of crucial importance in the context of the diverse applications of calcite. In many instances, the calcite surface is modified by adsorption of fatty acids to impart a desired nonpolar character. Although the binding between carboxylic acid groups and calcite surfaces is strong, the fatty acid layer used for surface modification undergoes significant alterations when exposed to water vapour and liquid water droplets. Therefore, it is also crucial to understand the dynamic nature of the adsorbed layer. This review article provides a comprehensive overview of the current understanding of both the dynamics of the calcite surface as well as when modified by fatty acid surface treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Per M Claesson
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Department of Chemistry, Division of Surface and Corrosion Science, Teknikringen 29, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Natalia A Wojas
- RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Division of Bioeconomy and Health - Material and Surface Design, Drottning Kristinas väg 61B, SE-114 28 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Robert Corkery
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Department of Chemistry, Division of Surface and Corrosion Science, Teknikringen 29, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Andra Dedinaite
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, Engineering Pedagogics, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
- RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Division Bioeconomy and Health, Department Chemical Process and Pharmaceutical Development, Box 5604, SE-114 86 Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Eric Tyrode
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Department of Chemistry, Division of Surface and Corrosion Science, Teknikringen 29, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden.
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Wojas NA, Tyrode E, Corkery R, Ernstsson M, Wallqvist V, Järn M, Swerin A, Schoelkopf J, Gane PAC, Claesson PM. Calcite Surfaces Modified with Carboxylic Acids (C 2 to C 18): Layer Organization, Wettability, Stability, and Molecular Structural Properties. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:14840-14852. [PMID: 37824837 PMCID: PMC10601537 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c01252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
A fundamental understanding of the interactions between mineral surfaces and amphiphilic surface modification agents is needed for better control over the production and uses of mineral fillers. Here, we controlled the carboxylic acid layer formation conditions on calcite surfaces with high precision via vapor deposition. The properties of the resulting carboxylic acid layers were analyzed using surface-sensitive techniques, such as atomic force microscopy (AFM), contact angle measurements, angle resolved X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and vibrational sum-frequency spectroscopy. A low wettability was achieved with long hydrocarbon chain carboxylic acids such as stearic acid. The stearic acid layer formed by vapor deposition is initially patchy, but with increasing vapor exposure time, the patches grow and condense into a homogeneous layer with a thickness close to that expected for a monolayer as evaluated by AFM and XPS. The build-up process of the layer occurs more rapidly at higher temperatures due to the higher vapor pressure. The stability of the deposited fatty acid layer in the presence of a water droplet increases with the chain length and packing density in the adsorbed layer. Vibrational sum frequency spectroscopy data demonstrate that the stearic acid monolayers on calcite have their alkyl chains in an all-trans conformation and are anisotropically distributed on the plane of the surface, forming epitaxial monolayers. Vibrational spectra also show that the stearic acid molecules interact with the calcite surface through the carboxylic acid headgroup in both its protonated and deprotonated forms. The results presented provide new molecular insights into the properties of adsorbed carboxylic acid layers on calcite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia A. Wojas
- RISE
Research Institutes of Sweden, Division
of Bioeconomy and Health–Material and Surface Design, Box 5607, SE-114 86 Stockholm, Sweden
- KTH
Royal Institute of Technology, Department
of Chemistry, Teknikringen 30 SE, 11428 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eric Tyrode
- KTH
Royal Institute of Technology, Department
of Chemistry, Teknikringen 30 SE, 11428 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Robert Corkery
- KTH
Royal Institute of Technology, Department
of Chemistry, Teknikringen 30 SE, 11428 Stockholm, Sweden
- Australian
National University Department of Applied Mathematics, Research School of Physics and Engineering, Canberra ACT 0200, Australia
| | - Marie Ernstsson
- RISE
Research Institutes of Sweden, Division
of Bioeconomy and Health–Material and Surface Design, Box 5607, SE-114 86 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Viveca Wallqvist
- RISE
Research Institutes of Sweden, Division
of Bioeconomy and Health–Material and Surface Design, Box 5607, SE-114 86 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mikael Järn
- RISE
Research Institutes of Sweden, Division
of Bioeconomy and Health–Material and Surface Design, Box 5607, SE-114 86 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Agne Swerin
- Karlstad
University Faculty of Health Science and Technology, Department of Engineering and Chemical Sciences: Chemical Engineering, SE-651 88 Karlstad, Sweden
| | | | - Patrick A. C. Gane
- Aalto University
School of Chemical Engineering, Department
of Bioproducts and Biosystems, P.O. Box
16300, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
- University
of Belgrade, Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, Karnegijeva 4, 11200 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Per M. Claesson
- KTH
Royal Institute of Technology, Department
of Chemistry, Teknikringen 30 SE, 11428 Stockholm, Sweden
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Ghasemi H, Hatam-Lee SM, Khodadadi Tirkolaei H, Yazdani H. Biocementation of soils of different surface chemistries via enzyme induced carbonate precipitation (EICP): An integrated laboratory and molecular dynamics study. Biophys Chem 2022; 284:106793. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2022.106793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Wojas NA, Swerin A, Wallqvist V, Järn M, Schoelkopf J, Gane PAC, Claesson PM. Surface-Modified and Unmodified Calcite: Effects of Water and Saturated Aqueous Octanoic Acid Droplets on Stability and Saturated Fatty Acid Layer Organization. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:14135-14146. [PMID: 34793681 PMCID: PMC8656169 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c02387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A profound understanding of the properties of unmodified and saturated fatty acid-modified calcite surfaces is essential for elucidating their resistance and stability in the presence of water droplets. Additional insights can be obtained by also studying the effects of carboxylic acid-saturated aqueous solutions. We elucidate surface wettability, structure, and nanomechanical properties beneath and at the edge of a deposited droplet after its evaporation. When calcite was coated by a highly packed monolayer of stearic acid, a hydrophilic region was found at the three-phase contact line. In atomic force microscopy mapping, this region is characterized by low adhesion and a topographical hillock. The surface that previously was covered by the droplet demonstrated a patchy structure of about 6 nm height, implying stearic acid reorganization into a patchy bilayer-like structure. Our data suggest that during droplet reverse dispensing and droplet evaporation, pinning of the three-phase contact line leads to the transport of dissolved fatty carboxylic acid and possibly calcium bicarbonate Ca(HCO3)2 molecules to the contact line boundary. Compared to the surface of intrinsically hydrophobic materials, such as polystyrene, the changes in contact angle and base diameter during droplet evaporation on stearic acid-modified calcite are strikingly different. This difference is due to stearic acid reorganization on the surface and transport to the water-air interface of the droplet. An effect of the evaporating droplet is also observed on unmodified calcite due to dissolution and recrystallization of the calcite surface in the presence of water. In the case where a water droplet saturated with octanoic acid is used instead of water, the stearic acid-coated calcite remains considerably more stable. Our findings are discussed in terms of the coffee-ring effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia A. Wojas
- Division
of Bioeconomy and Health, Materials and Surface Design Department, RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Box 5607, SE 114 86 Stockholm, Sweden
- School
of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, Department
of Chemistry, Division of Surface and Corrosion Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Drottning Kristinas väg 51, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Agne Swerin
- Faculty
of Health, Science and Technology, Department of Engineering and Chemical
Sciences: Chemical Engineering, Karlstad
University, SE-651 88 Karlstad, Sweden
| | - Viveca Wallqvist
- Division
of Bioeconomy and Health, Materials and Surface Design Department, RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Box 5607, SE 114 86 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mikael Järn
- Division
of Bioeconomy and Health, Materials and Surface Design Department, RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Box 5607, SE 114 86 Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Patrick A. C. Gane
- School
of Chemical Engineering, Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, P.O.
Box 16300, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Per M. Claesson
- School
of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, Department
of Chemistry, Division of Surface and Corrosion Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Drottning Kristinas väg 51, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
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