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Jana D, Han Z, Huang X, Wadhwa A, Raveendran A, Ebeid K, Meher N, Flavell RR, Desai T. Enhanced Prostate-specific Membrane Antigen Targeting by Precision Control of DNA Scaffolded Nanoparticle Ligand Presentation. ACS NANO 2024; 18:16674-16683. [PMID: 38907991 PMCID: PMC11223598 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c01640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
Targeted nanoparticles have been extensively explored for their ability to deliver their payload to a selective cell population while reducing off-target side effects. The design of actively targeted nanoparticles requires the grafting of a ligand that specifically binds to a highly expressed receptor on the surface of the targeted cell population. Optimizing the interactions between the targeting ligand and the receptor can maximize the cellular uptake of the nanoparticles and subsequently improve their activity. Here, we evaluated how the density and presentation of the targeting ligands dictate the cellular uptake of nanoparticles. To do so, we used a DNA-scaffolded PLGA nanoparticle system to achieve efficient and tunable ligand conjugation. A prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) expressing a prostate cancer cell line was used as a model. The density and presentation of PSMA targeting ligand ACUPA were precisely tuned on the DNA-scaffolded nanoparticle surface, and their impact on cellular uptake was evaluated. It was found that matching the ligand density with the cell receptor density achieved the maximum cellular uptake and specificity. Furthermore, DNA hybridization-mediated targeting chain rigidity of the DNA-scaffolded nanoparticle offered ∼3 times higher cellular uptake compared to the ACUPA-terminated PLGA nanoparticle. Our findings also indicated a ∼ 3.7-fold reduction in the cellular uptake for the DNA hybridization of the non-targeting chain. We showed that nanoparticle uptake is energy-dependent and follows a clathrin-mediated pathway. Finally, we validated the preferential tumor targeting of the nanoparticles in a bilateral tumor xenograft model. Our results provide a rational guideline for designing actively targeted nanoparticles and highlight the application of DNA-scaffolded nanoparticles as an efficient active targeting platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deblin Jana
- School
of Engineering, Institute for Biology, Engineering and Medicine, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - Zhiyuan Han
- Department
of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Xiao Huang
- Department
of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
- School
of Biomedical Engineering, Science, and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Anju Wadhwa
- Department
of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University
of California, San Francisco, California 94143, United States
| | - Athira Raveendran
- Department
of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University
of California, San Francisco, California 94143, United States
| | - Kareem Ebeid
- School
of Engineering, Institute for Biology, Engineering and Medicine, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - Niranjan Meher
- Department
of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University
of California, San Francisco, California 94143, United States
| | - Robert R. Flavell
- Department
of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University
of California, San Francisco, California 94143, United States
| | - Tejal Desai
- School
of Engineering, Institute for Biology, Engineering and Medicine, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
- Department
of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
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2
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Bethur E, Guha R, Zhao Z, Katz BB, Ashby PD, Zeng H, Copp SM. Formation and Nanomechanical Properties of Silver-Mediated Guanine DNA Duplexes in Aqueous Solution. ACS NANO 2024; 18:3002-3010. [PMID: 38227309 PMCID: PMC10832345 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c08008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Silver cations can mediate base pairing of guanine (G) DNA oligomers, yielding linear parallel G-Ag+-G duplexes with enhanced stabilities compared to those of canonical DNA duplexes. To enable their use in programmable DNA nanotechnologies, it is critical to understand solution-state formation and the nanomechanical stiffness of G-Ag+-G duplexes. Using temperature-controlled circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy, we find that heating mixtures of G oligomers and silver salt above 50 °C fully destabilizes G-quadruplex structures and converts oligomers to G-Ag+-G duplexes. Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry supports that G-Ag+-G duplexes form at stoichiometries of 1 Ag+ per base pair, and CD spectroscopy suggests that as the Ag+/base stoichiometry increases further, G-Ag+-G duplexes undergo additional morphological changes. Using liquid-phase atomic force microscopy, we find that this excess Ag+ enables assembly of long fiberlike structures with ∼2.5 nm heights equivalent to a single DNA duplex but with lengths that far exceed a single duplex. Finally, using the conditions established to form single G-Ag+-G duplexes, we use a surface forces apparatus (SFA) to compare the solution-phase stiffness of single G-Ag+-G duplexes with dG-dC Watson-Crick-Franklin duplexes. SFA shows that G-Ag+-G duplexes are 1.3 times stiffer than dG-dC duplexes, confirming gas-phase ion mobility spectrometry measurements and computational predictions. These findings may guide the development of structural DNA nanotechnologies that rely on silver-mediated base pairing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eshana Bethur
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University
of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Rweetuparna Guha
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University
of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Ziqian Zhao
- Department
of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University
of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Benjamin B. Katz
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Paul D. Ashby
- Molecular
Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Hongbo Zeng
- Department
of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University
of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Stacy M. Copp
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University
of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, University of
California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
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3
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Huang Y, Nguyen MK, Nguyen VH, Loo J, Lehtonen AJ, Kuzyk A. Characterizing Aptamers with Reconfigurable Chiral Plasmonic Assemblies. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:2954-2960. [PMID: 35212547 PMCID: PMC8908738 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c03434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Aptamers have emerged as versatile affinity ligands and as promising alternatives to protein antibodies. However, the inconsistency in the reported affinities and specificities of aptamers has greatly hindered the development of aptamer-based applications. Herein, we present a strategy to characterize aptamers by using DNA origami-based chiral plasmonic assemblies as reporters and establishing a competitive hybridization reaction-based thermodynamic model. We demonstrate the characterization of several DNA aptamers, including aptamers for small molecules and macromolecules, as well as aptamers with high and low affinities. The presented characterization scheme can be readily adapted to a wide selection of aptamers. We anticipate that our approach will advance the development of aptamer-based applications by enabling reliable and reproducible characterization of aptamers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yike Huang
- Department
of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, School of Science, Aalto University, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Minh-Kha Nguyen
- Department
of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, School of Science, Aalto University, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
- Faculty
of Chemical Engineering, Ho Chi Minh City
University of Technology (HCMUT), 268 Ly Thuong Kiet Street, Dist. 10, 700000 Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Vietnam
National University Ho Chi Minh City,
Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc District, 700000 Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Vu Hoang Nguyen
- Department
of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, School of Science, Aalto University, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Jacky Loo
- Department
of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, School of Science, Aalto University, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Arttu J. Lehtonen
- Department
of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, School of Science, Aalto University, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
- Department
of Electrical Engineering and Automation, School of Electrical Engineering, Aalto University, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Anton Kuzyk
- Department
of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, School of Science, Aalto University, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
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Billon J, Shkirskiy V, Dabos-Seignon S, Breton T, Gautier C. No more compromise: A facile route towards functionalized surfaces with stable monolayers. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:14294-14298. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cp02129c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The results reported in this study clearly show that it is possible to easily control the formation of a functional monolayer by spontaneous reduction of an aryldiazonium salt on gold...
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