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Béland VA, Ragogna PJ. Orthogonally Bimetallized Phosphane-ene Photopolymer Networks. Chemistry 2020; 26:12751-12757. [PMID: 32293766 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202001179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The development of batteries and fuel cells has brought to light a need for carbon anode materials doped homogeneously with electrocatalytic metals. In particular, combinations of electrocatalysts in carbon have shown promising activity. A method to derive functional carbon materials is the pyrolysis of metallopolymers. This work describes the synthesis of a bifunctional phosphonium-based system derived from a phosphane-ene network. The olefin functionality can be leveraged in a hydrogermylation reaction to functionalize the material with Ge. Unaffected by this radical addition, the bromide counterion of the phosphonium cation can be used to subsequently incorporate a second metal in an ion-complexation reaction with CuBr2 . The characterization of the polymers and the derived ceramics are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa A Béland
- Department of Chemistry and the Center for, Advanced Materials and Biomaterials Research (CAMBR), The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Paul J Ragogna
- Department of Chemistry and the Center for, Advanced Materials and Biomaterials Research (CAMBR), The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6A 5B7, Canada
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2
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Béland VA, Ragogna PJ. Metallized Phosphane-Ene Polymer Networks as Precursors for Ceramics with Excellent Shape Retention. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:27640-27650. [PMID: 32441913 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c09044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Our research group has reported the synthesis of phosphane-ene photopolymer networks, where the networks are composed of cross-linked tertiary alkyl phosphines. Taking advantage of the rich coordination chemistry of alkyl phosphines and the material's susceptibility to solution chemistry, we were able to generate Co, Al, and Ge macromolecular adducts. The metallized polymer networks can be pyrolyzed to make metal-doped carbon, commodity materials in the areas of battery, and fuel cell research. The polymer precursors can also be shaped by spin coating and lithography, before being metallized and pyrolyzed to give patterned ceramics, which display excellent shape retention of the original patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa A Béland
- Department of Chemistry and the Center for Advanced Materials and Biomaterials Research (CAMBR), The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Paul J Ragogna
- Department of Chemistry and the Center for Advanced Materials and Biomaterials Research (CAMBR), The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada
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3
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Guterman R, Molinari V, Josef E. Ionic Liquid Lignosulfonate: Dispersant and Binder for Preparation of Biocomposite Materials. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:13044-13050. [PMID: 31268204 PMCID: PMC7687102 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201907385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Ionic liquid lignins are prepared from sodium lignosulfonate by a cation exchange reaction and display glass transition temperatures as low as -13 °C. Diethyleneglycol-functionalized protic cations inhibit lignin aggregation to produce a free-flowing "ionic liquid lignin", despite it being a high-molecular-weight polyelectrolyte. Through this approach, the properties of both lignin and ionic liquids are combined to create a dispersant and binder for cellulose+gluten mixtures to produce small microphases. Biocomposite testing pieces are produced by hot-pressing this mixture, yielding a material with fewer defects and improved toughness in comparison to other lignins. The use of unmodified lignosulfonate, acetylated lignosulfonate, or free ionic liquid for similar materials production yields poorer substances because of their inability to maximize interfacial contact and complexation with cellulose and proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Guterman
- Colloids DepartmentMax Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces (MPIKG)Am Mühlenberg 114476PotsdamGermany
| | - Valerio Molinari
- Colloids DepartmentMax Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces (MPIKG)Am Mühlenberg 114476PotsdamGermany
| | - Elinor Josef
- Colloids DepartmentMax Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces (MPIKG)Am Mühlenberg 114476PotsdamGermany
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4
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Guterman R, Molinari V, Josef E. Ionic Liquid Lignosulfonate: Dispersant and Binder for Preparation of Biocomposite Materials. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201907385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Guterman
- Colloids Department Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces (MPIKG) Am Mühlenberg 1 14476 Potsdam Germany
| | - Valerio Molinari
- Colloids Department Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces (MPIKG) Am Mühlenberg 1 14476 Potsdam Germany
| | - Elinor Josef
- Colloids Department Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces (MPIKG) Am Mühlenberg 1 14476 Potsdam Germany
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5
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Guterman R, Smith CA. Photopolymerization of Ionic Liquids – A Mutually Beneficial Approach for Materials Fabrication. Isr J Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.201800123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Guterman
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces Am Mühlenberg 1 14476 Potsdam Germany
| | - Christene A. Smith
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces Am Mühlenberg 1 14476 Potsdam Germany
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6
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Béland VA, Wang Z, Sham T, Ragogna PJ. Antimony‐Functionalized Phosphine‐Based Photopolymer Networks. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201806235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa A. Béland
- Department of Chemistry and the Centre for Advanced Materials and Biomaterials Researchthe University of Western Ontario 1151 Richmond Street London Ontario N6A 5B7 Canada
| | - Zhiqiang Wang
- Department of Chemistry and the Centre for Advanced Materials and Biomaterials Researchthe University of Western Ontario 1151 Richmond Street London Ontario N6A 5B7 Canada
| | - Tsun‐Kong Sham
- Department of Chemistry and the Centre for Advanced Materials and Biomaterials Researchthe University of Western Ontario 1151 Richmond Street London Ontario N6A 5B7 Canada
| | - Paul J. Ragogna
- Department of Chemistry and the Centre for Advanced Materials and Biomaterials Researchthe University of Western Ontario 1151 Richmond Street London Ontario N6A 5B7 Canada
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7
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Béland VA, Wang Z, Sham TK, Ragogna PJ. Antimony-Functionalized Phosphine-Based Photopolymer Networks. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:13252-13256. [PMID: 30011124 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201806235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of phosphane-ene photopolymer networks, where the networks are composed of crosslinked tertiary alkyl phosphines are reported. Taking advantage of the rich coordination chemistry of alkyl phosphines, stibino-phosphonium and stibino-bis(phosphonium) functionalized polymer networks could be generated. Small-molecule stibino-phosphonium and stibino-bis(phosphonium) compounds have been well characterized previously and were used as models for spectroscopic comparison to the macromolecular analogues by NMR and XANES spectroscopy. This work reveals that the physical and electronic properties of the materials can be tuned depending on the type of coordination environment. These materials can be used as ceramic precursors, where the Sb-functionalized polymers influence the composition of the resulting ceramic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa A Béland
- Department of Chemistry and the Centre for Advanced Materials and Biomaterials Research, the University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario, N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Zhiqiang Wang
- Department of Chemistry and the Centre for Advanced Materials and Biomaterials Research, the University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario, N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Tsun-Kong Sham
- Department of Chemistry and the Centre for Advanced Materials and Biomaterials Research, the University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario, N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Paul J Ragogna
- Department of Chemistry and the Centre for Advanced Materials and Biomaterials Research, the University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario, N6A 5B7, Canada
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8
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Wan W, Yang X, Smith RC. Convenient synthetic route to tetraarylphosphonium polyelectrolytes via palladium-catalyzed P-C coupling of aryl triflates and diphenylphosphine. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.28564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wang Wan
- Department of Chemistry; Clemson University; Clemson South Carolina 29634
| | - Xiaoyan Yang
- Department of Chemistry; Clemson University; Clemson South Carolina 29634
| | - Rhett C. Smith
- Department of Chemistry; Clemson University; Clemson South Carolina 29634
- Center for Optical Materials Science and Engineering Technologies; Clemson University; Anderson South Carolina 29634
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9
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Stockmann TJ, Guterman R, Ragogna PJ, Ding Z. Trends in Hydrophilicity/Lipophilicity of Phosphonium Ionic Liquids As Determined by Ion-Transfer Electrochemistry. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2016; 32:12966-12974. [PMID: 27951694 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b03031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Ionic liquids (ILs) have become valuable new materials for a broad spectrum of applications including additives or components for new hydrophobic/hydrophilic polymer coatings. However, fundamental information surrounding IL molecular properties is still lacking. With this in mind, the microinterface between two immiscible electrolytic solutions (micro-ITIES), for example, water|1,2-dichloroethane, has been used to evaluate the hydrophobicity/lipophilicity of 10 alkylphosphonium ILs. By varying the architecture around the phosphonium core, chemical differences were induced, changing the lipophilicity/hydrophilicity of the cations. Ion transfer (IT) within the polarizable potential window (PPW) was measured to establish a structure-property relationship. The Gibbs free energy of IT and the solubility of their ILs were also calculated. For phosphonium cations bearing either three butyl or three hydroxypropyl groups with a tunable fourth arm, the latter displayed a wide variety of easily characterizable IT potentials. The tributylphosphonium ILs, however, were too hydrophobic to undergo IT within the PPW. Utilizing a micro-ITIES (25 μm diameter) housed at the tip of a capillary in a uniquely designed pipet holder, we were able to probe beyond the traditional potential window and observe ion transfer of these hydrophobic phosphonium ILs for the first time. A similar trend in lipophilicity was determined between the two subsets of ILs by means of derived solubility product constants. The above results serve as evidence of the validation of this technique for the evaluation of hydrophobic cations that appear beyond the conventional PPW and of the lipophilicity of their ILs.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Jane Stockmann
- Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris Diderot University, Interfaces, Traitements, Organisation et Dynamique des Systèmes , CNRS-UMR 7086, 15 rue J.A. Baïf, 75013 Paris, France
- Center for Advanced Materials and Biomaterials Research (CAMBR), Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario , Chemistry Building, 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Ryan Guterman
- Center for Advanced Materials and Biomaterials Research (CAMBR), Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario , Chemistry Building, 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada
- Max Planck Institute for Colloids and Interfaces , Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Paul J Ragogna
- Center for Advanced Materials and Biomaterials Research (CAMBR), Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario , Chemistry Building, 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Zhifeng Ding
- Center for Advanced Materials and Biomaterials Research (CAMBR), Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario , Chemistry Building, 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada
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10
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Schultz AR, Chen M, Fahs GB, Moore RB, Long TE. Living anionic polymerization of 4‐diphenylphosphino styrene for
ABC
triblock copolymers. POLYM INT 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.5253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alison R Schultz
- Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Department of Chemistry Virginia Tech Blacksburg VA 24061 USA
| | - Mingtao Chen
- Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Department of Chemistry Virginia Tech Blacksburg VA 24061 USA
| | - Gregory B Fahs
- Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Department of Chemistry Virginia Tech Blacksburg VA 24061 USA
| | - Robert B Moore
- Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Department of Chemistry Virginia Tech Blacksburg VA 24061 USA
| | - Timothy E Long
- Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Department of Chemistry Virginia Tech Blacksburg VA 24061 USA
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11
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Cuthbert TJ, Harrison TD, Ragogna PJ, Gillies ER. Synthesis, properties, and antibacterial activity of polyphosphonium semi-interpenetrating networks. J Mater Chem B 2016; 4:4872-4883. [DOI: 10.1039/c6tb00641h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Polyphosphonium semi-interpenetrating networks were prepared and studied as antibacterial surfaces to elucidate the structural aspects leading to bacterial killing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler J. Cuthbert
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Advanced Materials and Biomaterials Research (CAMBR)
- The University of Western Ontario
- London
- Canada N6A 5B7
| | - Tristan D. Harrison
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Advanced Materials and Biomaterials Research (CAMBR)
- The University of Western Ontario
- London
- Canada N6A 5B7
| | - Paul J. Ragogna
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Advanced Materials and Biomaterials Research (CAMBR)
- The University of Western Ontario
- London
- Canada N6A 5B7
| | - Elizabeth R. Gillies
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Advanced Materials and Biomaterials Research (CAMBR)
- The University of Western Ontario
- London
- Canada N6A 5B7
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering
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