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Trujillo-Miranda M, Apsite I, Agudo JAR, Constante G, Ionov L. 4D Biofabrication of Mechanically Stable Tubular Constructs Using Shape Morphing Porous Bilayers for Vascularization Application. Macromol Biosci 2023; 23:e2200320. [PMID: 36165235 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202200320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
This study reports the fabrication of highly porous electrospun self-folding bilayers, which fold into tubular structures with excellent mechanical stability, allowing them to be easily manipulated and handled. Two kinds of bilayers based on biocompatible and biodegradable soft (PCL, polycaprolactone) and hard (PHB, poly-hydroxybutyrate) thermoplastic polymers have been fabricated and compared. Multi-scroll structures with tunable diameter are obtained after the shape transformation of the bilayer in aqueous media, where PCL-based bilayer rolled longitudinally and PHB-based one rolled transversely with respect to the fiber direction. A combination of higher elastic modulus and transverse orientation of fibers with respect to rolling direction allowed precise temporal control of shape transformation of PHB-bilayer - stress produced by swollen methacrylated hyaluronic acid (HA-MA) do not relax with time and folding is not affected by the fact that bilayer is fixed in unfolded state in cell culture medium for more than 1 h. This property of PHB-bilayer allowed cell culturing without a negative effect on its shape transformation ability. Moreover, PHB-based tubular structure demonstrated superior mechanical stability compared to PCL-based ones and do not collapse during manipulations that happened to PCL-based one. Additionally, PHB/HA-MA bilayers showed superior biocompatibility, degradability, and long-term stability compared to PCL/HA-MA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mairon Trujillo-Miranda
- Faculty of Engineering Sciences and Bavarian Polymer Institute, University of Bayreuth, Ludwig Thoma Str. 36A, 95447, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Indra Apsite
- Faculty of Engineering Sciences and Bavarian Polymer Institute, University of Bayreuth, Ludwig Thoma Str. 36A, 95447, Bayreuth, Germany
| | | | - Gissela Constante
- Faculty of Engineering Sciences and Bavarian Polymer Institute, University of Bayreuth, Ludwig Thoma Str. 36A, 95447, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Leonid Ionov
- Faculty of Engineering Sciences and Bavarian Polymer Institute, University of Bayreuth, Ludwig Thoma Str. 36A, 95447, Bayreuth, Germany
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2
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Jaspin S, Anbarasan R, Dharini M, Mahendran R. Morphological analysis of corn xerogel and its shape shifting in water. J FOOD ENG 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2022.111107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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3
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Chen X, Qi S, Yan D. Reversible cross-linking facilitates the formation of critical nucleus in binary polymer blends. J Chem Phys 2022; 156:124903. [PMID: 35364867 DOI: 10.1063/5.0086136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Using self-consistent field theory, we study the effect of reversible cross-linking on the nucleation behavior of a binary polymer blend where only one of the components is able to form cross-links. To control the total number of cross-links and their distribution, we introduce a position-dependent cross-linking probability function that is characterized mainly by two parameters, the magnitude and the width. In the weakly cross-linked region, where the product of the magnitude and width, I, is small, the nucleation behavior is classical-like and the profile of the free energy excess is unimodal. In contrast, in the strongly cross-linked region, the profile of the free energy excess becomes bimodal, and the free energy minimum specifies a metastable nucleus. In a certain I, the free energy barrier for the metastable nucleus turns to be negative, which means it becomes more stable. In both cases, the free energy barrier of the critical nucleus is lower than that without cross-linking, indicating that cross-linking always facilitates nucleation although the dynamic behavior may be different when a metastable nucleus is involved during the nucleation process. The free energy analysis demonstrates that the interaction energy rather than the entropy is responsible for the properties of the critical nucleus. Our study provides an easy alternative way for the control of the nucleation behavior and may attract practical interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxiang Chen
- Department of Physics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Shuanhu Qi
- Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Dadong Yan
- Department of Physics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
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4
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Imam SS, Hussain A, Altamimi MA, Alshehri S. Four-Dimensional Printing for Hydrogel: Theoretical Concept, 4D Materials, Shape-Morphing Way, and Future Perspectives. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:3858. [PMID: 34771414 PMCID: PMC8588409 DOI: 10.3390/polym13213858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The limitations and challenges possessed in static 3D materials necessitated a new era of 4D shape-morphing constructs for wide applications in diverse fields of science. Shape-morphing behavior of 3D constructs over time is 4D design. Four-dimensional printing technology overcomes the static nature of 3D, improves substantial mechanical strength, and instills versatility and clinical and nonclinical functionality under set environmental conditions (physiological and artificial). Four-dimensional printing of hydrogel-forming materials possesses remarkable properties compared to other printing techniques and has emerged as the most established technique for drug delivery, disease diagnosis, tissue engineering, and biomedical application using shape-morphing materials (natural, synthetic, semisynthetic, and functionalized) in response to single or multiple stimuli. In this article, we addressed a fundamental concept of 4D-printing evolution, 4D printing of hydrogel, shape-morphing way, classification, and future challenges. Moreover, the study compiled a comparative analysis of 4D techniques, 4D products, and mechanical perspectives for their functionality and shape-morphing dynamics. Eventually, despite several advantages of 4D technology over 3D technique in hydrogel fabrication, there are still various challenges to address with using current advanced and sophisticated technology for rapid, safe, biocompatible, and clinical transformation from small-scale laboratory (lab-to-bed translation) to commercial scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Sarim Imam
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.A.); (S.A.)
| | - Afzal Hussain
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.A.); (S.A.)
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5
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Zhu CN, Li CY, Wang H, Hong W, Huang F, Zheng Q, Wu ZL. Reconstructable Gradient Structures and Reprogrammable 3D Deformations of Hydrogels with Coumarin Units as the Photolabile Crosslinks. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2008057. [PMID: 33788313 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202008057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Morphing hydrogels have versatile applications in soft robotics, flexible electronics, and biomedical devices. Controlling component distribution and internal stress within a hydrogel is crucial for shape-changing. However, existing gradient structures of hydrogels are usually non-reconstructable, once encoded by chemical reactions and covalent bonds. Fabricating hydrogels with distinct gradient structures is inevitable for every new configuration, resulting in poor reusability, adaptability, and sustainability that are disadvantageous for diverse applications. Herein, a hydrogel containing reversible photo-crosslinks that enable reprogramming of the gradient structures and 3D deformations into various configurations is reported. The hydrogel is prepared by micellar polymerization of hydrophobic coumarin monomer and hydrophilic acrylic acid. The presence of hexadecyltrimethylammonium chloride micelles increases the local concentration of coumarin units and also improves the mechanical properties of the hydrogel by forming robust polyelectrolyte/surfactant complexes that serve as the physical crosslinks. High-efficiency photodimerization and photocleavage reactions of coumarins are realized under 365 and 254 nm light irradiation, respectively, affording reversible tuning of the network structure of the hydrogel. Through photolithography, different gradient structures are sequentially patterned in one hydrogel that direct the deformations into distinct configurations. Such a strategy should be applicable for other photolabile hydrogels toward reprogrammable control of network structures and versatile functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Nan Zhu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Chen Yu Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Hu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Center for Chemistry of High-Performance and Novel Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Wei Hong
- Department of Mechanics and Aerospace Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Feihe Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Center for Chemistry of High-Performance and Novel Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Qiang Zheng
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Zi Liang Wu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
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6
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Gupta V, T K RG, Stephen J, Radhakrishnan M. Cold plasma‐assisted shape‐shifting of a flat two‐dimensional wheat xerogel and its morphological behavior. J FOOD PROCESS ENG 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpe.13456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vidhi Gupta
- Centre of Excellence in Nonthermal ProcessingIndian Institute of Food Processing Technology (IIFPT) Thanjavur Tamil Nadu India
| | - Ranjitha Gracy T K
- Centre of Excellence in Nonthermal ProcessingIndian Institute of Food Processing Technology (IIFPT) Thanjavur Tamil Nadu India
| | - Jaspin Stephen
- Centre of Excellence in Nonthermal ProcessingIndian Institute of Food Processing Technology (IIFPT) Thanjavur Tamil Nadu India
| | - Mahendran Radhakrishnan
- Centre of Excellence in Nonthermal ProcessingIndian Institute of Food Processing Technology (IIFPT) Thanjavur Tamil Nadu India
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7
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Karnaushenko D, Kang T, Bandari VK, Zhu F, Schmidt OG. 3D Self-Assembled Microelectronic Devices: Concepts, Materials, Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1902994. [PMID: 31512308 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201902994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Modern microelectronic systems and their components are essentially 3D devices that have become smaller and lighter in order to improve performance and reduce costs. To maintain this trend, novel materials and technologies are required that provide more structural freedom in 3D over conventional microelectronics, as well as easier parallel fabrication routes while maintaining compatability with existing manufacturing methods. Self-assembly of initially planar membranes into complex 3D architectures offers a wealth of opportunities to accommodate thin-film microelectronic functionalities in devices and systems possessing improved performance and higher integration density. Existing work in this field, with a focus on components constructed from 3D self-assembly, is reviewed, and an outlook on their application potential in tomorrow's microelectronics world is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniil Karnaushenko
- Institute for Integrative Nanosciences, Leibniz IFW Dresden, Dresden, 01069, Germany
| | - Tong Kang
- Institute for Integrative Nanosciences, Leibniz IFW Dresden, Dresden, 01069, Germany
| | - Vineeth K Bandari
- Institute for Integrative Nanosciences, Leibniz IFW Dresden, Dresden, 01069, Germany
- Material Systems for Nanoelectronics, Chemnitz University of Technology, Chemnitz, 09107, Germany
- Research Center for Materials, Architectures and Integration of Nanomembranes (MAIN), Rosenbergstraße 6, TU Chemnitz, Chemnitz, 09126, Germany
| | - Feng Zhu
- Institute for Integrative Nanosciences, Leibniz IFW Dresden, Dresden, 01069, Germany
- Material Systems for Nanoelectronics, Chemnitz University of Technology, Chemnitz, 09107, Germany
- Research Center for Materials, Architectures and Integration of Nanomembranes (MAIN), Rosenbergstraße 6, TU Chemnitz, Chemnitz, 09126, Germany
| | - Oliver G Schmidt
- Institute for Integrative Nanosciences, Leibniz IFW Dresden, Dresden, 01069, Germany
- Material Systems for Nanoelectronics, Chemnitz University of Technology, Chemnitz, 09107, Germany
- Research Center for Materials, Architectures and Integration of Nanomembranes (MAIN), Rosenbergstraße 6, TU Chemnitz, Chemnitz, 09126, Germany
- School of Science, TU Dresden, Dresden, 01062, Germany
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8
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9
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Gupta V, R. M. Development of programmed shape-shifting wheat xerogel discs and characterization of its hydromorphic behavior. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2019.123928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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10
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Liu Y, Fan B, Shi Q, Dong D, Gong S, Zhu B, Fu R, Thang SH, Cheng W. Covalent-Cross-Linked Plasmene Nanosheets. ACS NANO 2019; 13:6760-6769. [PMID: 31145851 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b01343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Thiol-polystyrene (SH-PS)-capped plasmonic nanoparticles can be fabricated into free-standing, one-nanoparticle-thick superlattice sheets (termed plasmene) based on physical entanglement between ligands, which, however, suffer from irreversible dissociation in organic solvents. To address this issue, we introduce coumarin-based photo-cross-linkable moieties to the SH-PS ligands to stabilize gold nanoparticles. Once cross-linked, the obtained plasmene nanosheets consisting of chemically locked nanoparticles can well maintain structural integrity in organic solvents. Particularly, arising from ligand-swelling-induced enlargement of the interparticle spacing, these plasmene nanosheets show significant optical responses to various solvents in a specific as well as reversible manner, which may offer an excellent material for solvent sensing and dynamic plasmonic display.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyi Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Monash University , Clayton , Victoria 3800 , Australia
- The Melbourne Centre for Nanofabrication , Clayton , Victoria 3800 , Australia
| | - Bo Fan
- School of Chemistry , Monash University , Clayton , Victoria 3800 , Australia
| | - Qianqian Shi
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Monash University , Clayton , Victoria 3800 , Australia
- The Melbourne Centre for Nanofabrication , Clayton , Victoria 3800 , Australia
| | - Dashen Dong
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Monash University , Clayton , Victoria 3800 , Australia
- The Melbourne Centre for Nanofabrication , Clayton , Victoria 3800 , Australia
| | - Shu Gong
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Monash University , Clayton , Victoria 3800 , Australia
- The Melbourne Centre for Nanofabrication , Clayton , Victoria 3800 , Australia
| | - Bowen Zhu
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Monash University , Clayton , Victoria 3800 , Australia
- The Melbourne Centre for Nanofabrication , Clayton , Victoria 3800 , Australia
| | - Runfang Fu
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Monash University , Clayton , Victoria 3800 , Australia
- The Melbourne Centre for Nanofabrication , Clayton , Victoria 3800 , Australia
| | - San H Thang
- School of Chemistry , Monash University , Clayton , Victoria 3800 , Australia
| | - Wenlong Cheng
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Monash University , Clayton , Victoria 3800 , Australia
- The Melbourne Centre for Nanofabrication , Clayton , Victoria 3800 , Australia
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11
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Chen Q, Yang Q, Gao P, Chi B, Nie J, He Y. Photopolymerization of Coumarin-Containing Reversible Photoresponsive Materials Based on Wavelength Selectivity. Ind Eng Chem Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.8b05164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Chen
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Qian Yang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Pei Gao
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Baihong Chi
- Beijing Institute of Satellite Information Engineering, Beijing 100086, P. R. China
| | - Jun Nie
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Yong He
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
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12
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Hoque J, Sangaj N, Varghese S. Stimuli-Responsive Supramolecular Hydrogels and Their Applications in Regenerative Medicine. Macromol Biosci 2019; 19:e1800259. [PMID: 30295012 PMCID: PMC6333493 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201800259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Supramolecular hydrogels are a class of self-assembled network structures formed via non-covalent interactions of the hydrogelators. These hydrogels capable of responding to external stimuli are considered to be smart materials due to their ability to undergo sol-gel and/or gel-sol transition upon subtle changes in their surroundings. Such stimuli-responsive hydrogels are intriguing biomaterials with applications in tissue engineering, delivery of cells and drugs, modulating tissue environment to promote innate tissue repair, and imaging for medical diagnostics among others. This review summarizes the recent developments in stimuli-responsive supramolecular hydrogels and their potential applications in regenerative medicine. Specifically, various structural aspects of supramolecular hydrogelators involved in self-assembly, the role of external stimuli in tuning/controlling their phase transitions, and how these functions could be harnessed to advance applications in regenerative medicine are focused on. Finally, the key challenges and future prospects for these versatile materials are briefly described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaul Hoque
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham 27710, NC,
| | - Nivedita Sangaj
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham 27710, NC
| | - Shyni Varghese
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham 27710, NC
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13
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Li CY, Hao XP, Wu ZL, Zheng Q. Photolithographically Patterned Hydrogels with Programmed Deformations. Chem Asian J 2018; 14:94-104. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201801333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Yu Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization; Department of Polymer Science and Engineering; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Xing Peng Hao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization; Department of Polymer Science and Engineering; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Zi Liang Wu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization; Department of Polymer Science and Engineering; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Qiang Zheng
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization; Department of Polymer Science and Engineering; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310027 China
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14
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Tian Y, Gao X, Hong W, Du M, Pan P, Sun JZ, Wu ZL, Zheng Q. Kinetic Insights into Marangoni Effect-Assisted Preparation of Ultrathin Hydrogel Films. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:12310-12317. [PMID: 30240227 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b02626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In a previous work ( ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2017, 9, 34349-34355), a facile approach was reported to prepare thin hydrogel films based on the Marangoni effect. After dripping onto a water surface, a drop of ethanol solution of poly(stearyl acrylate- co-acrylic acid) [P(SA- co-AAc)] spread quickly to form a thin film. The solvent exchange from ethanol to water led to the gelation of polymer solution which turned into a hydrogel film. Here, we investigate the scenario and seek for the governing kinetics of the Marangoni effect-assisted preparation of hydrogel films. By incorporating aggregation-induced emission fluorogens into the P(SA- co-AAc) solution, so that fluorescence appears at the gel state, we found that the spreading usually completed before the full gelation of the entire film. The spreading and formation of the gel films were influenced by the molar fraction of SA, f, and the polymer concentration of ethanol solution, CP. The spreading was blocked when CP was too high, whereas the film was fragmented into small pieces when CP was too low. At an intermediate CP, uniform hydrogel films were obtained. Steady spreading at a constant speed was observed during the processes which yielded uniform hydrogel films. Both CP and f influenced the spreading process by tuning the surface tension of the ethanol solution and the viscoelasticity of the gelated film, as suggested by our theoretical model. This work provided kinetic insights into the Marangoni phenomena of viscous polymer solutions. The strategy and principle should be applicable to other systems on preparing thin supramolecular gel films with versatile functions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Wei Hong
- Department of Mechanics and Aerospace Engineering , Southern University of Science and Technology , Shenzhen 518055 , China
- Global Station for Soft Matter, Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education , Hokkaido University , Sapporo 060-0810 , Japan
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15
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Zheng SY, Tian Y, Zhang XN, Du M, Song Y, Wu ZL, Zheng Q. Spin-coating-assisted fabrication of ultrathin physical hydrogel films with high toughness and fast response. SOFT MATTER 2018; 14:5888-5897. [PMID: 29963675 DOI: 10.1039/c8sm01126e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogel films have promising applications in medical dressings, flexible electronics, etc. However, it is challenging to fabricate ultrathin hydrogel films with high toughness and controllable thickness. Here, we report a facile approach to prepare tough physical hydrogel films by spin-coating of a poly(acrylic acid-co-acrylamide) (P(AAc-co-AAm)) solution and subsequent gelation in FeCl3 solution to form carboxyl-Fe3+ coordination complexes. The thickness of the obtained gel films, ranging from several to hundreds of micrometers, was easily tunable by adjusting the spin conditions and polymer concentration. The thus obtained hydrogel films showed excellent mechanical properties, with tensile breaking strengths of 0.6-14.5 MPa, breaking strains of 140-840%, Young's moduli of 0.1-61.7 MPa, and tearing fracture energies of 300-1300 J m-2. Based on this approach, responsive tough hydrogel films can also be prepared by spin-coating of a poly(acrylic acid-co-N-isopropylacrylamide) (P(AAc-co-NIPAm)) solution. The obtained gel films showed a fast response (<60 s) and a large output force (∼0.2 MPa) triggered by a concentrated saline solution, making them an ideal material in the design of chemomechanical devices. Furthermore, a bilayer hydrogel film was fabricated by two-step spin-coating of P(AAc-co-NIPAm) and P(AAc-co-AAm) solutions, which showed reversible bending deformation under external stimuli. This simple yet effective approach should be applicable to other systems to prepare versatile hydrogel films with tunable thickness and promising applications in diverse areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Yu Zheng
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China.
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16
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Jiang Z, Pibaque Sanchez RJ, Blakey I, Whittaker AK. 3D shape change of multi-responsive hydrogels based on a light-programmed gradient in volume phase transition. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:10909-10912. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc06515b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
We present a new type of anisotropic oligo(ethylene glycol) methacrylate hydrogel with multi-responsive and programmable 3D deformation behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Jiang
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology
- The University of Queensland
- St Lucia
- Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology
| | - Ronny Javier Pibaque Sanchez
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology
- The University of Queensland
- St Lucia
- Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology
| | - Idriss Blakey
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology
- The University of Queensland
- St Lucia
- Australia
- Centre for Advanced Imaging
| | - Andrew K. Whittaker
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology
- The University of Queensland
- St Lucia
- Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology
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17
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Deng H, Dong Y, Su JW, Zhang C, Xie Y, Zhang C, Maschmann MR, Lin Y, Lin J. Bioinspired Programmable Polymer Gel Controlled by Swellable Guest Medium. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:30900-30908. [PMID: 28829571 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b07837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Responsive materials with functions of forming three-dimensional (3D) origami and/or kirigami structures have a broad range of applications in bioelectronics, metamaterials, microrobotics, and microelectromechanical (MEMS) systems. To realize such functions, building blocks of actuating components usually possess localized inhomogeneity so that they respond differently to external stimuli. Previous fabrication strategies lie in localizing nonswellable or less-swellable guest components in their swellable host polymers to reduce swelling ability. Herein, inspired by ice plant seed capsules, we report an opposite strategy of implanting swellable guest medium inside nonswellable host polymers to locally enhance the swelling inhomogeneity. Specifically, we adopted a skinning effect induced surface polymerization combined with direct laser writing to control gradient of swellable cyclopentanone (CP) in both vertical and lateral directions of the nonswellable SU-8. For the first time, the laser direct writing was used as a novel strategy for patterning programmable polymer gel films. Upon stimulation of organic solvents, the dual-gradient gel films designed by origami or kirigami principles exhibit reversible 3D shape transformation. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulation illustrates that CP greatly enhances diffusion rates of stimulus solvent molecules in the SU-8 matrix, which offers the driving force for the programmable response. Furthermore, this bioinspired strategy offers unique capabilities in fabricating responsive devices such as a soft gripper and a locomotive robot, paving new routes to many other responsive polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Deng
- Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, University of Missouri-Columbia , Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| | - Yuan Dong
- Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, University of Missouri-Columbia , Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| | - Jheng-Wun Su
- Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, University of Missouri-Columbia , Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, University of Missouri-Columbia , Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| | - Yunchao Xie
- Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, University of Missouri-Columbia , Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| | - Chi Zhang
- Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, University of Missouri-Columbia , Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| | - Matthew R Maschmann
- Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, University of Missouri-Columbia , Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| | - Yuyi Lin
- Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, University of Missouri-Columbia , Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| | - Jian Lin
- Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, University of Missouri-Columbia , Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
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18
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Aoki K, Ishiguro K, Denokami M, Tanahashi Y, Furusawa K, Sekine N, Adschiri T, Fujii M. Direct Microrolling Processing on a Silicon Wafer. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2017; 13:1701630. [PMID: 28805041 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201701630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Revised: 07/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Although, varieties of micro- to nanoscale fabrication technologies have been invented and refined for silicon (Si) processing because Si is the basic material of integrated circuits, the layouts are based on layer-by-layer approaches, making it difficult to realize three-dimensional (3D) structures with complicated shapes normal to the planar surface (along the out-of-plane direction) of the wafers used. Here, a novel and direct Si-processing technology that enables to bend thin layers of Si surfaces into various 3D curved structures at the micrometer scale is introduced. This bending is achieved by porosifying a Si wafer surface using anodic oxidation and then performing conventional photolithography patterning and wet etching. The porosity gradient in the depth direction gives rise to a stress-internalized layer in which self-rolling action is induced via subsequent patterning and wet etching. A subsequent oxidation process further enhances the curvature deformation, leading to the formation of tubes, for example. The rolling directions can be controlled by 2D patterning of the porous Si layer, which is explained well from a structural dynamics perspective. This technology has a wide range of capabilities for realizing 3D structures on Si substrates, enabling new design possibilities for Si-based on-chip devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanna Aoki
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe, Hyogo, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Keita Ishiguro
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe, Hyogo, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Masaki Denokami
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe, Hyogo, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Yuya Tanahashi
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe, Hyogo, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Kentaro Furusawa
- Frontier Research Laboratory, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, 4-2-1 Nukui-Kitamachi, Koganei, Tokyo, 184-8795, Japan
| | - Norihiko Sekine
- Frontier Research Laboratory, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, 4-2-1 Nukui-Kitamachi, Koganei, Tokyo, 184-8795, Japan
| | - Tadafumi Adschiri
- World Premier International Research Center-Advanced Institute for Materials Research (WPI-AIMR), Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan
| | - Minoru Fujii
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe, Hyogo, 657-8501, Japan
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19
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20
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Tang Z, Gao Z, Jia S, Wang F, Wang Y. Graphene-Based Polymer Bilayers with Superior Light-Driven Properties for Remote Construction of 3D Structures. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2017; 4:1600437. [PMID: 28546911 PMCID: PMC5441511 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201600437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Revised: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
3D structure assembly in advanced functional materials is important for many areas of technology. Here, a new strategy exploits IR light-driven bilayer polymeric composites for autonomic origami assembly of 3D structures. The bilayer sheet comprises a passive layer of poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) and an active layer comprising reduced graphene oxides (RGOs), thermally expanding microspheres (TEMs), and PDMS. The corresponding fabrication method is versatile and simple. Owing to the large volume expansion of the TEMs, the two layers exhibit large differences in their coefficients of thermal expansion. The RGO-TEM-PDMS/PDMS bilayers can deflect toward the PDMS side upon IR irradiation via the cooperative effect of the photothermal effect of the RGOs and the expansion of the TEMs, and exhibit excellent light-driven, a large bending deformation, and rapid responsive properties. The proposed RGO-TEM-PDMS/PDMS composites with excellent light-driven bending properties are demonstrated as active hinges for building 3D geometries such as bidirectionally folded columns, boxes, pyramids, and cars. The folding angle (ranging from 0° to 180°) is well-controlled by tuning the active hinge length. Furthermore, the folded 3D architectures can permanently preserve the deformed shape without energy supply. The presented approach has potential in biomedical devices, aerospace applications, microfluidic devices, and 4D printing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhua Tang
- School of Mechanical EngineeringXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an710049China
| | - Ziwei Gao
- School of Mechanical EngineeringXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an710049China
| | - Shuhai Jia
- School of Mechanical EngineeringXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an710049China
| | - Fei Wang
- School of Mechanical EngineeringXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an710049China
| | - Yonglin Wang
- School of Mechanical EngineeringXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an710049China
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21
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Löwenberg C, Balk M, Wischke C, Behl M, Lendlein A. Shape-Memory Hydrogels: Evolution of Structural Principles To Enable Shape Switching of Hydrophilic Polymer Networks. Acc Chem Res 2017; 50:723-732. [PMID: 28199083 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.6b00584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The ability of hydrophilic chain segments in polymer networks to strongly interact with water allows the volumetric expansion of the material and formation of a hydrogel. When polymer chain segments undergo reversible hydration depending on environmental conditions, smart hydrogels can be realized, which are able to shrink/swell and thus alter their volume on demand. In contrast, implementing the capacity of hydrogels to switch their shape rather than volume demands more sophisticated chemical approaches and structural concepts. In this Account, the principles of hydrogel network design, incorporation of molecular switches, and hydrogel microstructures are summarized that enable a spatially directed actuation of hydrogels by a shape-memory effect (SME) without major volume alteration. The SME involves an elastic deformation (programming) of samples, which are temporarily fixed by reversible covalent or physical cross-links resulting in a temporary shape. The material can reverse to the original shape when these molecular switches are affected by application of a suitable stimulus. Hydrophobic shape-memory polymers (SMPs), which are established with complex functions including multiple or reversible shape-switching, may provide inspiration for the molecular architecture of shape-memory hydrogels (SMHs), but cannot be identically copied in the world of hydrophilic soft materials. For instance, fixation of the temporary shape requires cross-links to be formed also in an aqueous environment, which may not be realized, for example, by crystalline domains from the hydrophilic main chains as these may dissolve in presence of water. Accordingly, dual-shape hydrogels have evolved, where, for example, hydrophobic crystallizable side chains have been linked into hydrophilic polymer networks to act as temperature-sensitive temporary cross-links. By incorporating a second type of such side chains, triple-shape hydrogels can be realized. Considering the typically given light permeability of hydrogels and the fully hydrated state with easy permeation by small molecules, other types of stimuli like light, pH, or ions can be employed that may not be easily used in hydrophobic SMPs. In some cases, those molecular switches can respond to more than one stimulus, thus increasing the number of opportunities to induce actuation of these synthetic hydrogels. Beyond this, biopolymer-based hydrogels can be equipped with a shape switching function when facilitating, for example, triple helix formation in proteins or ionic interactions in polysaccharides. Eventually, microstructured SMHs such as hybrid or porous structures can combine the shape-switching function with an improved performance by helping to overcome frequent shortcomings of hydrogels such as low mechanical strength or volume change upon temporary cross-link cleavage. Specifically, shape switching without major volume alteration is possible in porous SMHs by decoupling small volume changes of pore walls on the microscale and the macroscopic sample size. Furthermore, oligomeric rather than short aliphatic side chains as molecular switches allow stabilization of the sample volumes. Based on those structural principles and switching functionalities, SMHs have already entered into applications as soft actuators and are considered, for example, for cell manipulation in biomedicine. In the context of those applications, switching kinetics, switching forces, and reversibility of switching are aspects to be further explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Candy Löwenberg
- Institute
of Biomaterial Science and Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative
Therapies, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Kantstr. 55, 14513 Teltow, Germany
| | - Maria Balk
- Institute
of Biomaterial Science and Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative
Therapies, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Kantstr. 55, 14513 Teltow, Germany
- Helmholtz Virtual Institute “Multifunctional Biomaterials for Medicine”, Kanststr. 55, 14513 Teltow, Germany
| | - Christian Wischke
- Institute
of Biomaterial Science and Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative
Therapies, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Kantstr. 55, 14513 Teltow, Germany
- Helmholtz Virtual Institute “Multifunctional Biomaterials for Medicine”, Kanststr. 55, 14513 Teltow, Germany
| | - Marc Behl
- Institute
of Biomaterial Science and Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative
Therapies, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Kantstr. 55, 14513 Teltow, Germany
| | - Andreas Lendlein
- Institute
of Biomaterial Science and Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative
Therapies, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Kantstr. 55, 14513 Teltow, Germany
- Helmholtz Virtual Institute “Multifunctional Biomaterials for Medicine”, Kanststr. 55, 14513 Teltow, Germany
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22
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Salvekar AV, Huang WM, Xiao R, Wong YS, Venkatraman SS, Tay KH, Shen ZX. Water-Responsive Shape Recovery Induced Buckling in Biodegradable Photo-Cross-Linked Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) Hydrogel. Acc Chem Res 2017; 50:141-150. [PMID: 28181795 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.6b00539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The phenomenon of recovering the permanent shape from a severely deformed temporary shape, but only in the presence of the right stimulus, is known as the shape memory effect (SME). Materials with such an interesting effect are known as shape memory materials (SMMs). Typical stimuli to trigger shape recovery include temperature (heating or cooling), chemical (including water/moisture and pH value), and light. As a SMM is able not only to maintain the temporary shape but also to respond to the right stimulus when it is applied, via shape-shifting, a seamless integration of sensing and actuation functions is achieved within one single piece of material. Hydrogels are defined by their ability to absorb a large amount of water (from 10-20% up to thousands of times their dry weight), which results in significant swelling. On the other hand, dry hydrogels indeed belong to polymers, so they exhibit heat- and chemoresponsive SMEs as most polymers do. While heat-responsive SMEs have been spotted in a handful of wet hydrogels, so far, most dry hydrogels evince the heat and water (moisture)-responsive SMEs. Since water is one of the major components in living biological systems, water-responsive SMMs hold great potential for various implantable applications, including wound healing, intravascular devices, soft tissue reconstruction, and controlled drug delivery. This provides motivation to combine water-activated SMEs and swelling in hydrogels together to enhance the performance. In many applications, such as vascular occlusion via minimally invasive surgery for liver cancer treatment, the operation time (for both start and finish) is required to be well controlled. Due to the gradual and slow manner of water absorption for water-activated SMEs and swelling in hydrogels, even a combination of both effects encounters many difficulties to meet the timerequirements in real procedures of vascular occlusion. Recently, we have reported a bioabsorbable radiopaque water-responsive shape memory embolization plug for temporary vascular occlusion. The plug consists of a composite with a poly(dl-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) core (loaded with radiopaque filler) and cross-linked poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) hydrogel outer layer. The device can be activated by body fluid (or water) after about 2 min of immersion in water. The whole occlusion process is completed within a few dozens of seconds. The underlying mechanism is water-responsive shape recovery induced buckling, which occurs in an expeditious manner within a short time period and does not require complete hydration of the whole hydrogel. In this paper, we experimentally and analytically investigate the water-activated shape recovery induced buckling in this biodegradable PEG hydrogel to understand the fundamentals in precisely controlling the buckling time. The molecular mechanism responsible for the water-induced SME in PEG hydrogel is also elucidated. The original diameter and amount of prestretching are identified as two influential parameters to tailor the buckling time between 1 and 4 min as confirmed by both experiments and simulation. The phenomenon reported here, chemically induced buckling via a combination of the SME and swelling, is generic, and the study reported here should be applicable to other water- and non-water-responsive gels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhijit Vijay Salvekar
- School of Mechanical
and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang
Avenue, 639798 Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wei Min Huang
- School of Mechanical
and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang
Avenue, 639798 Singapore, Singapore
| | - Rui Xiao
- Institute of Soft Matter Mechanics, College
of Mechanics and Materials, Hohai University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210098, PR China
| | - Yee Shan Wong
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798 Singapore, Singapore
| | - Subbu S. Venkatraman
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798 Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kiang Hiong Tay
- Department
of Diagnostic Radiology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore 169608, Singapore
| | - Ze Xiang Shen
- School
of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798 Singapore, Singapore
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Wang ZJ, Zhu CN, Hong W, Wu ZL, Zheng Q. Programmed planar-to-helical shape transformations of composite hydrogels with bioinspired layered fibrous structures. J Mater Chem B 2016; 4:7075-7079. [PMID: 32263643 DOI: 10.1039/c6tb02178f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Self-shaping materials have attracted tremendous interest due to their promising applications in soft robotics, and flexible electronics, etc. In this field, a crucial issue is how to construct complex yet elaborate structures in active materials. Here, we present the fabrication of composite hydrogels with both in-plane and out-of-plane structural gradients by multi-step photolithography and the resulting controllable deformations. A patterned gel with a layered fibrous structure like bean pod is developed, which shows programmed deformations from a flat shape to a twisted helix. The parameters of the helix can be deliberately tuned. This approach enables patterning different responsive polymers in specific regions of composite gels, leading to multiple shape transformations under stimulations. The controllability of intricate structures, together with tunable responses of localized gels, facilitates the generation of complex internal stresses and three-dimensional deformations of composite gels toward specific applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Jian Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China.
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24
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Yao C, Liu Z, Yang C, Wang W, Ju XJ, Xie R, Chu LY. Smart Hydrogels with Inhomogeneous Structures Assembled Using Nanoclay-Cross-Linked Hydrogel Subunits as Building Blocks. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:21721-21730. [PMID: 27490585 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b07713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A novel and facile assembly strategy has been successfully developed to construct smart nanocomposite (NC) hydrogels with inhomogeneous structures using nanoclay-cross-linked stimuli-responsive hydrogel subunits as building blocks via rearranged hydrogen bonding between polymers and clay nanosheets. The assembled thermoresponsive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-acrylamide) (poly(NIPAM-co-AM)) hydrogels with various inhomogeneous structures exhibit excellent mechanical properties due to plenty of new hydrogen bonding interactions created at the interface for locking the NC hydrogel subunits, which are strong enough to tolerate external forces such as high levels of elongations and multicycles of swelling/deswelling operations. The proposed approach is featured with flexibility and designability to build assembled hydrogels with diverse architectures for achieving various responsive deformations, which are highly promising for stimuli-responsive manipulation such as actuation, encapsulation, and cargo transportation. Our assembly strategy creates new opportunities for further developing mechanically strong hydrogel systems with complex architectures that composed of diverse internal structures, multistimuli-responsive properties, and controllable shape deformation behaviors in the soft robots and actuators fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Yao
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University , No. 24, Southern 1 Section, Yihuan Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, P. R. China
| | - Zhuang Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University , No. 24, Southern 1 Section, Yihuan Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, P. R. China
| | - Chao Yang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University , No. 24, Southern 1 Section, Yihuan Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, P. R. China
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University , No. 24, Southern 1 Section, Yihuan Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University , Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Jie Ju
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University , No. 24, Southern 1 Section, Yihuan Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University , Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, P. R. China
| | - Rui Xie
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University , No. 24, Southern 1 Section, Yihuan Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University , Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, P. R. China
| | - Liang-Yin Chu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University , No. 24, Southern 1 Section, Yihuan Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University , Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, P. R. China
- Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM) , Nanjing, Jiangsu 211816, P. R. China
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25
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Zhang Q, Zhang K, Hu G. Smart three-dimensional lightweight structure triggered from a thin composite sheet via 3D printing technique. Sci Rep 2016; 6:22431. [PMID: 26926357 PMCID: PMC4772624 DOI: 10.1038/srep22431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Complex fabrication process and expensive materials have restricted the development of smart three-dimensional (3D) lightweight structures, which are expected to possess self-shaping, self-folding and self-unfolding performances. Here we present a simple approach to fabricate smart lightweight structures by triggering shape transformation from thin printed composite sheets. The release of the internal strain in printed polymer materials enables the printed composite sheet to keep flat under heating and transform into a designed 3D configuration when cooled down to room temperature. The 3D lightweight structure can be switched between flat and 3D configuration under appropriate thermal stimuli. Our work exploits uniform internal strain in printed materials as a controllable tool to fabricate smart 3D lightweight structures, opening an avenue for possible applications in engineering fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Zhang
- School of Aerospace Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- School of Aerospace Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Gengkai Hu
- School of Aerospace Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
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26
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27
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Liao Y, An N, Wang N, Zhang Y, Song J, Zhou J, Liu W. Photoactive Self-Shaping Hydrogels as Noncontact 3D Macro/Microscopic Photoprinting Platforms. Macromol Rapid Commun 2015; 36:2129-36. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201500390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Revised: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Liao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials; Tianjin University; Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Ning An
- State Key Laboratory for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical Structures and School of Aerospace; Xi'an Jiaotong University; Xi'an 710049 China
| | - Ning Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials; Tianjin University; Tianjin 300072 China
- National Technology Testing Center for Footwear (Wenzhou); Wenzhou 325007 China
| | - Yinyu Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials; Tianjin University; Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Junfei Song
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials; Tianjin University; Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Jinxiong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical Structures and School of Aerospace; Xi'an Jiaotong University; Xi'an 710049 China
| | - Wenguang Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials; Tianjin University; Tianjin 300072 China
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