1
|
Sasidharan S, Knepper L, Ankrom E, Cucé G, Kong L, Ratajczak A, Im W, Thévenin D, Honerkamp-Smith A. Microfluidic measurement of the size and shape of lipid-anchored proteins. Biophys J 2024:S0006-3495(24)00592-7. [PMID: 39228123 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2024.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 08/06/2024] [Accepted: 08/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The surface of a cell is crowded with membrane proteins. The size, shape, density, and mobility of extracellular surface proteins mediate cell surface accessibility to external molecules, viral particles, and other cells. However, predicting these qualities is not always straightforward, even when protein structures are known. We previously developed an experimental method for measuring flow-driven lateral transport of neutravidin bound to biotinylated lipids in supported lipid bilayers. Here, we use this method to detect hydrodynamic force applied to a series of lipid-anchored proteins with increasing size. We find that the measured force reflects both protein size and shape, making it possible to distinguish these features of intact, folded proteins in their undisturbed orientation and proximity to the lipid membrane. In addition, our results demonstrate that individual proteins are transported large distances by flow forces on the order of femtoNewtons, similar in magnitude to the shear forces resulting from blood circulation or from the swimming motion of microorganisms. Similar protein transport across living cells by hydrodynamic force may contribute to biological flow sensing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Leah Knepper
- Department of Chemistry, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania
| | - Emily Ankrom
- Department of Chemistry, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania
| | - Gabriel Cucé
- Department of Physics, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania
| | - Lingyang Kong
- Department of Biological Sciences, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania
| | - Amanda Ratajczak
- Department of Physics, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania
| | - Wonpil Im
- Department of Biological Sciences, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania
| | - Damien Thévenin
- Department of Chemistry, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Honerkamp-Smith AR. Forces and Flows at Cell Surfaces. J Membr Biol 2023; 256:331-340. [PMID: 37773346 PMCID: PMC10947748 DOI: 10.1007/s00232-023-00293-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
|
3
|
Zhang H, Pan F, Li S. Self-Assembly of Lipid Molecules under Shear Flows: A Dissipative Particle Dynamics Simulation Study. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1359. [PMID: 37759759 PMCID: PMC10526246 DOI: 10.3390/biom13091359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The self-assembly of lipid molecules in aqueous solution under shear flows was investigated using the dissipative particle dynamics simulation method. Three cases were considered: zero shear flow, weak shear flow and strong shear flow. Various self-assembled structures, such as double layers, perforated double layers, hierarchical discs, micelles, and vesicles, were observed. The self-assembly behavior was investigated in equilibrium by constructing phase diagrams based on chain lengths. Results showed the remarkable influence of chain length, shear flow and solution concentration on the self-assembly process. Furthermore, the self-assembly behavior of lipid molecules was analyzed using the system energy, particle number and shape factor during the dynamic processes, where the self-assembly pathways were observed and analyzed for the typical structures. The results enhance our understanding of biomacromolecule self-assembly in a solution and hold the potential for applications in biomedicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huan Zhang
- Department of Physics, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Fan Pan
- School of Data Science and Artificial Intelligence, Wenzhou University of Technology, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Shiben Li
- Department of Physics, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ratajczak AM, Sasidharan S, Rivera Gonzalez XI, Miller EJ, Socrier L, Anthony AA, Honerkamp-Smith AR. Measuring flow-mediated protein drift across stationary supported lipid bilayers. Biophys J 2023; 122:1720-1731. [PMID: 37020419 PMCID: PMC10183372 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2023.03.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Fluid flow near biological membranes influences cell functions such as development, motility, and environmental sensing. Flow can laterally transport extracellular membrane proteins located at the cell-fluid interface. To determine whether this transport contributes to flow signaling in cells, quantitative knowledge of the forces acting on membrane proteins is required. Here, we demonstrate a method for measuring flow-mediated lateral transport of lipid-anchored proteins. We rupture giant unilamellar vesicles to form discrete patches of supported membrane inside rectangular microchannels and then allow proteins to bind to the upper surface of the membrane. While applying flow, we observe the formation of protein concentration gradients that span the membrane patch. By observing how these gradients dynamically respond to changes in applied shear stress, we determine the flow mobility of the lipid-anchored protein. We use simplified model membranes and proteins to demonstrate our method's sensitivity and reproducibility. Our intention was to design a quantitative, reliable method and analysis for protein mobility that we will use to compare flow transport for a variety of proteins, lipid anchors, and membranes in model systems and on living cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ethan J Miller
- Department of Physics, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania
| | - Larissa Socrier
- Department of Physics, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania
| | - Autumn A Anthony
- Department of Physics, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Anthony AA, Sahin O, Yapici MK, Rogers D, Honerkamp-Smith AR. Systematic measurements of interleaflet friction in supported bilayers. Biophys J 2022; 121:2981-2993. [PMID: 35754183 PMCID: PMC9388387 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2022.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
When lipid membranes curve or are subjected to strong shear forces, the two apposed leaflets of the bilayer slide past each other. The drag that one leaflet creates on the other is quantified by the coefficient of interleaflet friction, b. Existing measurements of this coefficient range over several orders of magnitude, so we used a recently developed microfluidic technique to measure it systematically in supported lipid membranes. Fluid shear stress was used to force the top leaflet of a supported membrane to slide over the stationary lower leaflet. Here, we show that this technique yields a reproducible measurement of the friction coefficient and is sensitive enough to detect differences in friction between membranes made from saturated and unsaturated lipids. Adding cholesterol to saturated and unsaturated membranes increased interleaflet friction significantly. We also discovered that fluid shear stress can reversibly induce gel phase in supported lipid bilayers that are close to the gel-transition temperature.
Collapse
|
6
|
Dong C, Choi YK, Lee J, Zhang XF, Honerkamp-Smith A, Widmalm G, Lowe-Krentz LJ, Im W. Structure, Dynamics, and Interactions of GPI-Anchored Human Glypican-1 with Heparan Sulfates in a Membrane. Glycobiology 2020; 31:593-602. [PMID: 33021626 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwaa092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Glypican-1 and its heparan sulfate (HS) chains play important roles in modulating many biological processes including growth factor signaling. Glypican-1 is bound to a membrane surface via a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchor. In this study, we used all-atom molecular modeling and simulation to explore the structure, dynamics, and interactions of GPI-anchored glypican-1, three HS chains, membranes, and ions. The folded glypican-1 core structure is stable, but has substantial degrees of freedom in terms of movement and orientation with respect to the membrane due to the long unstructured C-terminal region linking the core to the GPI-anchor. With unique structural features depending on the extent of sulfation, high flexibility of HS chains can promote multi-site interactions with surrounding molecules near and above the membrane. This study is a first step toward all-atom molecular modeling and simulation of the glycocalyx, as well as its modulation of interactions between growth factors and their receptors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chuqiao Dong
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanicss, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, 18015, United States
| | - Yeol Kyo Choi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, 18015, United States
| | - Jumin Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, 18015, United States
| | - X Frank Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanicss, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, 18015, United States.,Department of Bioengineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, 18015, United States
| | | | - Göran Widmalm
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Stockholm University, S-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Linda J Lowe-Krentz
- Department of Biological Sciences, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, 18015, United States
| | - Wonpil Im
- Department of Biological Sciences, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, 18015, United States.,Department of Bioengineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, 18015, United States.,Department of Chemistry, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, 18015, United States
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Illukkumbura R, Bland T, Goehring NW. Patterning and polarization of cells by intracellular flows. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2019; 62:123-134. [PMID: 31760155 PMCID: PMC6968950 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2019.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Beginning with Turing’s seminal work [1], decades of research have demonstrated the fundamental ability of biochemical networks to generate and sustain the formation of patterns. However, it is increasingly appreciated that biochemical networks both shape and are shaped by physical and mechanical processes [2, 3, 4]. One such process is fluid flow. In many respects, the cytoplasm, membrane and actin cortex all function as fluids, and as they flow, they drive bulk transport of molecules throughout the cell. By coupling biochemical activity to long range molecular transport, flows can shape the distributions of molecules in space. Here we review the various types of flows that exist in cells, with the aim of highlighting recent advances in our understanding of how flows are generated and how they contribute to intracellular patterning processes, such as the establishment of cell polarity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Tom Bland
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK; Institute for the Physics of Living Systems, University College London, London, UK
| | - Nathan W Goehring
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK; Institute for the Physics of Living Systems, University College London, London, UK; MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Shear-induced microstructures and dynamics processes of phospholipid cylinders in solutions. Sci Rep 2019; 9:15393. [PMID: 31659204 PMCID: PMC6817888 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-51933-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Shear-induced microstructures and their corresponding dynamic processes are investigated for phospholipid cylinders in aqueous solution by dissipative particle dynamic simulation. Various phospholipid cylinders with cross-sections, which are formed under shear-free flow, are selected to examine the effects of shear flow on their structures and dynamic processes. Shear flow induces the transition from cylinders into vesicles at weak rate and the transition into vesicle–lamella mixtures with increased shear rate and lamella structures at the strong shear rate. Then, the average radius of gyration and shape factors of the polymer chains in the dynamic processes are discussed in detail. Results show that shear flow causes the structure of the polymer chains to be elongated along the shear direction, and the configuration of the polymer chain can be rapidly transformed into an ellipsoid structure under strong shear.
Collapse
|
9
|
Shan Y, Wang X, Ji Y, He L, Li S. Self-assembly of phospholipid molecules in solutions under shear flows: Microstructures and phase diagrams. J Chem Phys 2019; 149:244901. [PMID: 30599738 DOI: 10.1063/1.5056229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Shear-induced microstructures and their phase diagrams were investigated for phospholipid molecules in aqueous solution by dissipative particle dynamic simulation. Self-assembled microstructures, including spherical and cylindrical micelles, spherical vesicles, lamellae, undulated lamellae, perforated lamellae, and continuous networks, were observed under various shear flows and phospholipid concentrations, where the spatial inhomogeneity and symmetry were analysed. A series of phase diagrams were constructed based on the chain lengths under various phospholipid concentrations. The phase distributions showed that the structures with spherical symmetry could be shear-induced to structures with cylindrical symmetry in the dilute solutions. In the semi-concentrated solutions, the lamellae were located in most spaces under zero shear flows, which could be shear-induced into undulated lamellae and then into cylindrical micelles. For the concentrated solutions, the strong shear flows oriented the directions of multilayer lamellae and phase transitions appeared between several cylindrical network structures. These observations on shear-induced microstructures and their distributions revealed a promising approach that could be used to design bio-microstructures based on phospholipid molecules under shear flows.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Shan
- Department of Physics, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Xianghong Wang
- Department of Physics, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Yongyun Ji
- Department of Physics, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Linli He
- Department of Physics, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Shiben Li
- Department of Physics, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Junghans V, Santos AM, Lui Y, Davis SJ, Jönsson P. Dimensions and Interactions of Large T-Cell Surface Proteins. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2215. [PMID: 30319654 PMCID: PMC6170634 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The first step of the adaptive immune response involves the interaction of T cells that express T-cell receptors (TCRs) with peptide-loaded major histocompatibility complexes expressed by antigen-presenting cells (APCs). Exactly how this leads to activation of the TCR and to downstream signaling is uncertain, however. Recent findings suggest that one of the key events is the exclusion of the large receptor-type tyrosine phosphatase CD45, from close contacts formed at sites of T-cell/APC interaction. If this is true, a full understanding of how close contact formation leads to signaling would require insights into the structures of, and interactions between, large membrane proteins like CD45 and other proteins forming the glycocalyx, such as CD43. Structural insights into the overall dimensions of these proteins using crystallographic methods are hard to obtain, and their conformations on the cell surface are also unknown. Several imaging-based optical microscopy techniques have however been developed for analyzing protein dimensions and orientation on model cell surfaces with nanometer precision. Here we review some of these methods with a focus on the use of hydrodynamic trapping, which relies on liquid flow from a micropipette to move and trap membrane-associated fluorescently labeled molecules. Important insights that have been obtained include (i) how protein flexibility and coverage might affect the effective heights of these molecules, (ii) the height of proteins on the membrane as a key parameter determining how they will distribute in cell-cell contacts, and (iii) how repulsive interactions between the extracellular parts of the proteins influences protein aggregation and distribution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ana Mafalda Santos
- Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Yuan Lui
- Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Simon J. Davis
- Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Jönsson
- Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Junghans V, Hladilkova J, Santos AM, Lund M, Davis SJ, Jönsson P. Hydrodynamic trapping measures the interaction between membrane-associated molecules. Sci Rep 2018; 8:12479. [PMID: 30127338 PMCID: PMC6102267 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-30285-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
How membrane proteins distribute and behave on the surface of cells depends on the molecules' chemical potential. However, measuring this potential, and how it varies with protein-to-protein distance, has been challenging. Here, we present a method we call hydrodynamic trapping that can achieve this. Our method uses the focused liquid flow from a micropipette to locally accumulate molecules protruding above a lipid membrane. The chemical potential, as well as information about the dimensions of the studied molecule, are obtained by relating the degree of accumulation to the strength of the trap. We have used this method to study four representative proteins, with different height-to-width ratios and molecular properties; from globular streptavidin, to the rod-like immune cell proteins CD2, CD4 and CD45. The data we obtain illustrates how protein shape, glycosylation and flexibility influence the behaviour of membrane proteins, as well as underlining the general applicability of the method.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jana Hladilkova
- Department of Chemistry, Lund University, SE-22100, Lund, Sweden
| | - Ana Mafalda Santos
- Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Mikael Lund
- Department of Chemistry, Lund University, SE-22100, Lund, Sweden
| | - Simon J Davis
- Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Peter Jönsson
- Department of Chemistry, Lund University, SE-22100, Lund, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Lundgren A, Fast BJ, Block S, Agnarsson B, Reimhult E, Gunnarsson A, Höök F. Affinity Purification and Single-Molecule Analysis of Integral Membrane Proteins from Crude Cell-Membrane Preparations. NANO LETTERS 2018; 18:381-385. [PMID: 29231738 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b04227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The function of integral membrane proteins is critically dependent on their naturally surrounding lipid membrane. Detergent-solubilized and purified membrane proteins are therefore often reconstituted into cell-membrane mimics and analyzed for their function with single-molecule microscopy. Expansion of this approach toward a broad range of pharmaceutically interesting drug targets and biomarkers however remains hampered by the fact that these proteins have low expression levels, and that detergent solubilization and reconstitution often cause protein conformational changes and loss of membrane-specific cofactors, which may impair protein function. To overcome this limitation, we here demonstrate how antibody-modified nanoparticles can be used to achieve affinity purification and enrichment of selected integral membrane proteins directly from cell membrane preparations. Nanoparticles were first bound to the ectodomain of β-secretase 1 (BACE1) contained in cell-derived membrane vesicles. In a subsequent step, these were merged into a continuous supported membrane in a microfluidic channel. Through the extended nanoparticle tag, a weak (∼fN) hydrodynamic force could be applied, inducing directed in-membrane movement of targeted BACE1 exclusively. This enabled selective thousand-fold enrichment of the targeted membrane protein while preserving a natural lipid environment. In addition, nanoparticle-targeting also enabled simultaneous tracking analysis of each individual manipulated protein, revealing how their mobility changed when moved from one lipid environment to another. We therefore believe this approach will be particularly useful for separation in-line with single-molecule analysis, eventually opening up for membrane-protein sorting devices analogous to fluorescence-activated cell sorting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anders Lundgren
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology , 41296 Göteborg, Sweden
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences , 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Björn Johansson Fast
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology , 41296 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Stephan Block
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology , 41296 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Björn Agnarsson
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology , 41296 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Erik Reimhult
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences , 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Anders Gunnarsson
- Discovery Sciences, Innovative Medicines and Early Development Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca , 43183 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Höök
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology , 41296 Göteborg, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Tabaei SR, Gillissen JJJ, Block S, Höök F, Cho NJ. Hydrodynamic Propulsion of Liposomes Electrostatically Attracted to a Lipid Membrane Reveals Size-Dependent Conformational Changes. ACS NANO 2016; 10:8812-8820. [PMID: 27603118 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.6b04572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The efficiency of lipid nanoparticle uptake across cellular membranes is strongly dependent on the very first interaction step. Detailed understanding of this step is in part hampered by the large heterogeneity in the physicochemical properties of lipid nanoparticles, such as liposomes, making conventional ensemble-averaging methods too blunt to address details of this complex process. Here, we contribute a means to explore whether individual liposomes become deformed upon binding to fluid cell-membrane mimics. This was accomplished by using hydrodynamic forces to control the propulsion of nanoscale liposomes electrostatically attracted to a supported lipid bilayer. In this way, the size of individual liposomes could be determined by simultaneously measuring both their individual drift velocity and diffusivity, revealing that for a radius of ∼45 nm, a close agreement with dynamic light scattering data was observed, while larger liposomes (radius ∼75 nm) displayed a significant deformation unless composed of a gel-phase lipid. The relevance of being able to extract this type of information is discussed in the context of membrane fusion and cellular uptake.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seyed R Tabaei
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University , 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
- Centre for Biomimetic Sensor Science, Nanyang Technological University , 50 Nanyang Drive, 637553, Singapore
| | - Jurriaan J J Gillissen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University , 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
- Centre for Biomimetic Sensor Science, Nanyang Technological University , 50 Nanyang Drive, 637553, Singapore
| | - Stephan Block
- Department of Applied Physics, Chalmers University of Technology , SE-412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Höök
- Department of Applied Physics, Chalmers University of Technology , SE-412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Nam-Joon Cho
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University , 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
- Centre for Biomimetic Sensor Science, Nanyang Technological University , 50 Nanyang Drive, 637553, Singapore
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University , 62 Nanyang Drive, 637459, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Two-dimensional flow nanometry of biological nanoparticles for accurate determination of their size and emission intensity. Nat Commun 2016; 7:12956. [PMID: 27658367 PMCID: PMC5036154 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms12956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Biological nanoparticles (BNPs) are of high interest due to their key role in various biological processes and use as biomarkers. BNP size and composition are decisive for their functions, but simultaneous determination of both properties with high accuracy remains challenging. Optical microscopy allows precise determination of fluorescence/scattering intensity, but not the size of individual BNPs. The latter is better determined by tracking their random motion in bulk, but the limited illumination volume for tracking this motion impedes reliable intensity determination. Here, we show that by attaching BNPs to a supported lipid bilayer, subjecting them to hydrodynamic flows and tracking their motion via surface-sensitive optical imaging enable determination of their diffusion coefficients and flow-induced drifts, from which accurate quantification of both BNP size and emission intensity can be made. For vesicles, the accuracy of this approach is demonstrated by resolving the expected radius-squared dependence of their fluorescence intensity for radii down to 15 nm.
Collapse
|