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Nandi AK. A Review on Self-Assembly Driven Optoelectronic Properties of Polythiophene-Peptide and Polythiophene-Polymer Conjugates. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:9385-9405. [PMID: 38682339 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.4c00713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Polythiophene (PT) is an important conducting polymer for its outstanding optoelectronic properties. Here, we delineate the self-assembly-driven optoelectronic properties of PT-peptide and PT-polymer conjugates, taking examples from recent literature reports. PT-peptide conjugates made by both covalent and noncovalent approaches are discussed. Poly(3-thiophene acetic acid) (P3TAA) covalently coupled with Gly-Gly-His tripeptide, C-protected and deprotected tripeptide H2N-F-F-V-OMe, etc. exhibits self-assembly-driven absorbance, fluorescence, photocurrent, and electronic properties. Noncovalent PT-peptide conjugates produced via ionic, H-bonding, and π-stacking interactions show tunable morphology and optoelectronic properties by varying the composition of a component. PT conjugated with Alzheimer's disease peptide (KLVFFAE, Aβ16-22) shows enhanced photocatalytic water splitting, cationic PT(CPT-I)-perylene bisimide-appended dipeptide (PBI-DY), and anionic PT-perylene diimide-appended cationic peptide (PBI-NH3+) conjugates and exhibits self-assembly-driven enhanced photoswitching and organic mixed electronic and ionic conductivity (OMEIC) properties. In the PT-polymer conjugates, self-assembly-driven optoelectronic properties of covalently produced PT-random copolymers, PT-block copolymers, PT-graft-random copolymers, and PT-graft-block copolymer conjugates are discussed. The HOMO-LUMO levels of hyperbranched polymers are optimized to obtain better power conversion efficiency (PCE) in the bulk heterojunction (BHJ) solar cell than in linear polymers, and P3TAA-ran-P3HT (43 mol % P3TAA) conjugated with MAPbI3 perovskite exhibits higher PCE (10%) than that with only P3TAA hole-transporting material. In the ampholytic polythiophene (APT), on increasing pH, the morphology changes from the vesicle to fibrillar network for the dethreading of the PT chain, resulting in a red shift of the absorbance peak, an enormous increase in PL intensity, lowering of the charge transfer resistance, and an induction of Warburg impedance for the release of quencher I- ions. The PT-g-(PDMAEMA-co-PGLU-HEM) graft copolymer self-assembles with Con-A lectin, causing fluorescence quenching, and acts as a sensor for Con-A with a LOD of 57 mg/L. Varying sequences of the block copolymer containing pH-responsive PDMAEMA and temperature-responsive PDEGMEM grafted to the PT backbone shows different self-assembly, optical, electronic, and photocurrent properties depending on the proximity and preponderance of the block sequence on the PT backbone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun K Nandi
- Polymer Science Unit, School of Materials Science, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
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Costa T, Knaapila M, Stewart B, Ramos ML, Justino LLG, Valente AJM, Dalgliesh R, Rogers SE, Kraft M, Allard S, Scherf U, Burrows HD. Nanostructuring with Surfactants: The Self-Assembly of a New Poly(thiophene-phenylene) Conjugated Polymer Bearing Azacrown Ether Pendant Groups. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:11845-11859. [PMID: 36121768 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c01246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We report the synthesis of a new conjugated polymer bearing crown ether moieties, poly[(N(1-aza-[18]crown-6)carbamido)thiophene-2,5-diyl-alt-1,4-phenylene] (BG2). In water, BG2 forms a dispersion with a slightly cloudy appearance. We have studied the effect of adding surfactants, with different polar head groups, on these polymer-polymer aggregates. Special attention is given to the system with the anionic surfactant, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). The combination of photophysical techniques with electrical conductivity, NMR (1H, 13C, and 27Na), DFT calculations, molecular dynamics simulations, and small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) provides a detailed picture on the behavior of the SDS/BG2 system in aqueous solution and in thin films. NMR, electric conductivity, and DFT results suggest that hydrophilic interactions occur between the polar headgroup of the surfactant (OSO3- Na+) and the aza-[18]-crown-6 moiety. DFT calculations confirmed the capability of BG2 to form stable complexes with the Na+ cations, where the cation can be either inside the azacrown cavity or sandwiched between the cavity and the polymer chain, which seem to determine the position of the surfactant hydrocarbon chain and, therefore, be responsible for the disruption of the BG2 aggregates and subsequent increase in the photoluminescence quantum yields. SANS measurements, made with hydrogenated and deuterated SDS in D2O, clearly show how micron-sized aggregates of BG2 are broken down by SDS and then how BG2 becomes preferentially incorporated within joint colloidal particles of BG2 and SDS with increasing [SDS]/[BG2] molar ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Telma Costa
- Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, CQC-IMS, Coimbra P-3004-535, Portugal
| | - Matti Knaapila
- Department of Physics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Beverly Stewart
- Polymer and Biomaterials Chemistry Laboratories, School of Chemistry and Biosciences, University of Bradford, Bradford BD7 1DP, United Kingdom
| | - M Luísa Ramos
- Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, CQC-IMS, Coimbra P-3004-535, Portugal
| | - Licinia L G Justino
- Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, CQC-IMS, Coimbra P-3004-535, Portugal
| | - Artur J M Valente
- Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, CQC-IMS, Coimbra P-3004-535, Portugal
| | - Robert Dalgliesh
- Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, ISIS STFC, Chilton, Oxfordshire OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah E Rogers
- Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, ISIS STFC, Chilton, Oxfordshire OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - Mario Kraft
- Macromolecular Chemistry Group (buwmacro), Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Gauß-Strasse. 20, 42097 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Sybille Allard
- Macromolecular Chemistry Group (buwmacro), Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Gauß-Strasse. 20, 42097 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Ullrich Scherf
- Macromolecular Chemistry Group (buwmacro), Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Gauß-Strasse. 20, 42097 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Hugh D Burrows
- Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, CQC-IMS, Coimbra P-3004-535, Portugal
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Hazra S, Banerjee A, Nandi AK. Organic Mixed Ion-Electron Conductivity in Polymer Hybrid Systems. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:32849-32862. [PMID: 36157781 PMCID: PMC9494440 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c04516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Recently, organic materials with mixed ion/electron conductivity (OMIEC) have gained significant interest among research communities all over the world. The unique ability to conduct ions and electrons in the same organic material adds to their use in next generation electrochemical, biotechnological, energy generation, energy storage, electrochromic, and sensor devices. Semiconducting conjugated polymers are well-known OMIECs due to their feasibility for both ion and electron transport in the bulk region. In this mini-review, we have shed light on conjugated polymers with ionic pendent groups, block copolymers of electronically and ionic conducting polymers, polymer electrolytes, blends of conjugated polymers with polyelectrolyte/polymer electrolytes; blends of conducting polymer with small organic molecules including conducting polymer-peptide conjugates; and blends of nonconjugated polymers as mixed conducting systems. These systems not only include the well-studied OMEIC systems, but also include some new systems where the OMEIC property has been predicted from the typical current-voltage (I-V) plots. The conduction mechanism of ions and electrons, ion-electron coupling, directionality, and dimensionality of these OMEIC materials are discussed in brief. The different properties of OMEIC materials and their applications in diverse fields like energy, electrochromic, biotechnology, sensing, and so forth are enlightened together with the perspective for future improvement of OMEIC materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumyajit Hazra
- Polymer
Science Unit, School of Materials Science, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata700 032, India
- School
of Biological Science, Indian Association
for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata700 032, India
| | - Arindam Banerjee
- School
of Biological Science, Indian Association
for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata700 032, India
| | - Arun K. Nandi
- Polymer
Science Unit, School of Materials Science, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata700 032, India
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Tailor made synthesis of water-soluble polythiophene-graft-poly(caprolactone-block-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate) copolymer and their pH tunable self-assembly and optoelectronic properties. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Chang R, Ji N, Li M, Qiu L, Sun C, Bian X, Qiu H, Xiong L, Sun Q. Green preparation and characterization of starch nanoparticles using a vacuum cold plasma process combined with ultrasonication treatment. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2019; 58:104660. [PMID: 31450355 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2019.104660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
In this study, starch nanoparticles (SNPs) were fabricated via a facile and green method involving a vacuum low-temperature plasma process combined with rapid ultrasonication treatment using waxy corn starch (WCS) and potato starch (PS). Morphology, size, crystalline structure, thermal property, and stability analyses of the SNPs were systematically performed. The obtained SNPs exhibited good uniformity and almost perfect spherical and square shapes. The zeta potential and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy results confirmed that the SNPs were covered with negative carboxyl groups (zeta potential ranging from -21.8 ± 1.06 to -9.78 ± 0.89 mV). The gelatinization enthalpy of SNPs from PS significantly decreased, changing from 16.63 ± 0.91 to 9.81 ± 0.19 J/g. However, the crystal patterns of SNPs from the WCS and PS after plasma and ultrasonic treatments did not change. The crystallinity of SNPs from PS decreased from 45.2% to 16.5%. This novel approach to preparing SNPs is low cost, simple and green. The developed SNPs could have great potential in the food, biomedical, and material industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranran Chang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266109, China
| | - Na Ji
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266109, China
| | - Man Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266109, China
| | - Lizhong Qiu
- Zhucheng Xingmao Corn Developing Co., Ltd, Weifang, Shandong Province 262200, China
| | - Chunrui Sun
- Zhucheng Xingmao Corn Developing Co., Ltd, Weifang, Shandong Province 262200, China
| | - Xiliang Bian
- Zhucheng Xingmao Corn Developing Co., Ltd, Weifang, Shandong Province 262200, China
| | - Hongwei Qiu
- Zhucheng Xingmao Corn Developing Co., Ltd, Weifang, Shandong Province 262200, China
| | - Liu Xiong
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266109, China
| | - Qingjie Sun
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266109, China.
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Chang R, Xiong L, Li M, Chen H, Xiao J, Wang S, Qiu L, Bian X, Sun C, Sun Q. Preparation of octenyl succinic anhydride-modified debranched starch vesicles for loading of hydrophilic functional ingredients. Food Hydrocoll 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2019.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Ghosh R, Das S, Bhattacharyya K, Chatterjee DP, Biswas A, Nandi AK. Light-Induced Conformational Change of Uracil-Anchored Polythiophene-Regulating Thermo-Responsiveness. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:12401-12411. [PMID: 30234308 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b02679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Tuning the electronic structure of a π-conjugated polymer from the responsive side chains is generally done to get desired optoelectronic properties, and it would be very fruitful when light is used as an exciting tool that can also affect the backbone chain conformation. For this purpose, polythiophene- g-poly-[ N-(6-methyluracilyl)- N, N-dimethylamino chloride]ethyl methacrylate (PTDU) is synthesized. On exposure to diffuse sunlight, the uracil moieties of the grafted chains cause the absorption maximum of PTDU solution to show gradual blue shift of 87 nm and a gradual blue shift of 46 nm in the emission maximum, quenching its fluorescence with time. These effects occur specifically at the absorption range of polythiophene (PT) chromophore on direct exposure of light of different wavelengths, and the optimum wavelength is found to be 420 nm. Impedance study suggests a decrease in charge transfer resistance upon exposure because of conformational change of PTDU. Theoretical study indicates that on exposure to visible light, uracil moieties move toward the backbone to facilitate photoinduced electron transfer between the PT and the uracil, attributing to the variation in optoelectronic properties. Morphological and light-scattering studies exhibit a decrease in particle size because of coiling of the PT backbone and squeezing of the grafted chain on light exposure. The transparent orange-colored PTDU solution becomes hazy with a hike in emission intensity on addition of sodium halides and becomes reversibly transparent or hazy on heating or cooling. The screening of cationic centers of PTDU by varying halide anion concentration tunes the phase transition temperature. Thus, the light-induced variation in the backbone conformation is responsible for tuning the optoelectronic properties and regulates the thermos-responsiveness of the PTDU solution in the presence of halide ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radhakanta Ghosh
- Polymer Science Unit , Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science , Jadavpur , Kolkata 700 032 , India
| | - Sujoy Das
- Polymer Science Unit , Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science , Jadavpur , Kolkata 700 032 , India
| | - Kalishankar Bhattacharyya
- Polymer Science Unit , Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science , Jadavpur , Kolkata 700 032 , India
| | - Dhruba P Chatterjee
- Polymer Science Unit , Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science , Jadavpur , Kolkata 700 032 , India
| | - Atosi Biswas
- Polymer Science Unit , Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science , Jadavpur , Kolkata 700 032 , India
| | - Arun K Nandi
- Polymer Science Unit , Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science , Jadavpur , Kolkata 700 032 , India
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Maity N, Ghosh R, Nandi AK. Optoelectronic Properties of Self-Assembled Nanostructures of Polymer Functionalized Polythiophene and Graphene. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:7585-7597. [PMID: 29390187 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b04387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
In this Feature Article, we discuss the variation of optoelectronic properties with the aggregation style of polythiophene (PT) graft copolymers and polymer-modified graphene systems. Grafting of flexible polymers on a PT chain exhibits several self-organized patterns under various conditions, causing different optical and electronic properties, arising from the different conformational states of the conjugated chain. Graphene, a zero band gap material, is functionalized with polymers both covalently and noncovalently to create a finite band gap importing new optoelectronic properties. The polymer-triggered self-assembled nanostructures of PT and graphene-based materials bring unique optical/electronic properties suitable for sensing toxic ions, nitroaromatics, and surfactants, for drug delivery, and also for fabricating molecular logic gates, electronic rectifiers, photocurrent devices, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabasmita Maity
- Polymer Science Unit , Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science , Jadavpur, Kolkata - 700 032 , India
| | - Radhakanta Ghosh
- Polymer Science Unit , Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science , Jadavpur, Kolkata - 700 032 , India
| | - Arun K Nandi
- Polymer Science Unit , Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science , Jadavpur, Kolkata - 700 032 , India
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Ghosh R, Chatterjee DP, Das S, Mukhopadhyay TK, Datta A, Nandi AK. Influence of Hofmeister I - on Tuning Optoelectronic Properties of Ampholytic Polythiophene by Varying pH and Conjugating with RNA. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2017; 33:12739-12749. [PMID: 29028346 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b03147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A significant tuning of optoelectronic properties of polythiophene (PT) chains due to Hofmeister iodide (I-) ion is demonstrated in ampholytic polythiophene [polythiophene-g-poly{(N,N,N-trimethylamino iodide)ethyl methacrylate-co-methacrylic acid}, APT] at different pHs. In acidic medium, the absorption and emission signals of PT chromophore exhibit appreciable blue shift in the presence of I- as counteranion only. The cooperative effect of undissociated -COOH and quaternary ammonium groups immobilize I- near the apolar PT chain causing threading of grafted chains and hence twisting of the backbone attributing to the blue shift. As medium pH is increased, dethreading of the PT backbone occurs due to ionization of -COOH group, releasing quencher iodide ions from the vicinity of the PT chains resulting in a red shift in absorption and a sharp hike in fluorescence intensity (390 times) for an increase of excitons lifetime. With an increase of pH, morphology changes from a multivesicular aggregate with vacuoles to smaller size vesicles and finally to nanofibrillar network structure. Dethreading is also found when APT interacts with RNA showing a significant hike of fluorescence (22 times) for displacing iodide ions forming a nanofibrillar network morphology. Threading and dethreading also affect the resistance, capacitance, and Warburg impedance values of APT. Molecular dynamics simulation of a model APT chain in a water box supports the threading at lower pH where the iodide ions pose nearer to the PT chain than that at higher pH causing dethreading. So the influence of Hofmeister I- ion is established for tuning the optoelectronic properties of a novel PT based polyampholyte by changing pH or by conjugating with RNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radhakanta Ghosh
- Polymer Science Unit, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science , Jadavpur, Kolkata 700 032, India
| | - Dhruba P Chatterjee
- Polymer Science Unit, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science , Jadavpur, Kolkata 700 032, India
| | - Sujoy Das
- Polymer Science Unit, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science , Jadavpur, Kolkata 700 032, India
| | - Titas K Mukhopadhyay
- Polymer Science Unit, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science , Jadavpur, Kolkata 700 032, India
| | - Ayan Datta
- Polymer Science Unit, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science , Jadavpur, Kolkata 700 032, India
| | - Arun K Nandi
- Polymer Science Unit, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science , Jadavpur, Kolkata 700 032, India
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Chang R, Yang J, Ge S, Zhao M, Liang C, Xiong L, Sun Q. Synthesis and self-assembly of octenyl succinic anhydride modified short glucan chains based amphiphilic biopolymer: Micelles, ultrasmall micelles, vesicles, and lutein encapsulation/release. Food Hydrocoll 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2016.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Single-step preparation of polythiophene bearing branched chains by dual initiation polymerization. Macromol Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s13233-017-5028-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Das S, Routh P, Ghosh R, Chatterjee DP, Nandi AK. Water-soluble ionic polythiophenes for biological and analytical applications. POLYM INT 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.5295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sandip Das
- Polymer Science Unit; Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science; Jadavpur Kolkata - 700032 India
| | - Parimal Routh
- Polymer Science Unit; Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science; Jadavpur Kolkata - 700032 India
| | - Radhakanta Ghosh
- Polymer Science Unit; Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science; Jadavpur Kolkata - 700032 India
| | - Dhruba P Chatterjee
- Polymer Science Unit; Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science; Jadavpur Kolkata - 700032 India
| | - Arun K Nandi
- Polymer Science Unit; Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science; Jadavpur Kolkata - 700032 India
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