1
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Wang K, Deng P, Lin H, Sun W, Shen J. DNA-Based Conductors: From Materials Design to Ultra-Scaled Electronics. SMALL METHODS 2024:e2400694. [PMID: 39049716 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202400694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Photolithography has been the foundational fabrication paradigm in current high-performance electronics. However, due to the limitation in fabrication resolution, scaling beyond a 20-nm critical dimension for metal conductors presents a significant challenge for photolithography. Structural DNA nanotechnology emerges as a promising alternative to photolithography, allowing for the site-specific assembly of nano-materials at single-molecule resolution. Substantial progresses have been achieved in the ultra-scaled DNA-based conductors, exhibiting novel transport characteristics and small critical dimensions. This review highlights the structure-transport property relationship for various DNA-based conductors and their potential applications in quantum /semiconductor electronics, going beyond the conventional scope focusing mainly on the shape diversity of DNA-templated metals. Different material synthesis methods and their morphological impacts on the conductivities are discussed in detail, with particular emphasis on the conducting mechanisms, such as insulating, metallic conducting, quantum tunneling, and superconducting. Furthermore, the ionic gating effect of self-assembled DNA structures in electrolyte solutions is examined. This review also suggests potential solutions to address current challenges in DNA-based conductors, encouraging multi-disciplinary collaborations for the future development of this exciting area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kexin Wang
- Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices and Center for Carbon-Based Electronics, School of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Pu Deng
- Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices and Center for Carbon-Based Electronics, School of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Huili Lin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices and Center for Carbon-Based Electronics, School of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- Zhangjiang Laboratory, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Jie Shen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
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2
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Pang C, Karlinsey BT, Ward M, Harrison RG, Davis RC, Woolley AT. DNA-Templated Nanofabrication of CdS-Au Nanoscale Schottky Contacts and Electrical Characterization. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:14076-14085. [PMID: 38934899 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.4c01554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
DNA-templated nanofabrication presents an innovative approach to creating self-assembled nanoscale metal-semiconductor-based Schottky contacts, which can advance nanoelectronics. Herein, we report the successful fabrication of metal-semiconductor Schottky contacts using a DNA origami scaffold. The scaffold, consisting of DNA strands organized into a specific linear architecture, facilitates the competitive arrangement of Au and CdS nanorods, forming heterojunctions, and addresses previous limitations in low electrical conductance making DNA-templated electronics with semiconductor nanomaterials. Electroless gold plating extends the Au nanorods and makes the necessary electrical contacts. Tungsten electrical connection lines are further created by electron beam-induced deposition. Electrical characterization reveals nonlinear Schottky barrier behavior, with electrical conductance ranging from 0.5 × 10-4 to 1.7 × 10-4 S. The conductance of these DNA-templated junctions is several million times higher than with our prior Schottky contacts. Our research establishes an innovative self-assembly approach with applicable metal and semiconductor materials for making highly conductive nanoscale Schottky contacts, paving the way for the future development of DNA-based nanoscale electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Pang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, United States
| | - Benjamin T Karlinsey
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, United States
| | - Megan Ward
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, United States
| | - Roger G Harrison
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, United States
| | - Robert C Davis
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, United States
| | - Adam T Woolley
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, United States
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3
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Chen X, Yan B, Yao G. Towards atom manufacturing with framework nucleic acids. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 34:172002. [PMID: 36669170 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/acb4f2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Atom manufacturing has become a blooming frontier direction in the field of material and chemical science in recent years, focusing on the fabrication of functional materials and devices with individual atoms or with atomic precision. Framework nucleic acids (FNAs) refer to nanoscale nucleic acid framework structures with novel properties distinct from those of conventional nucleic acids. Due to their ability to be precisely positioned and assembled at the nanometer or even atomic scale, FNAs are ideal materials for atom manufacturing. They hold great promise for the bottom-up construction of electronic devices by precisely arranging and integrating building blocks with atomic or near-atomic precision. In this review, we summarize the progress of atom manufacturing based on FNAs. We begin by introducing the atomic-precision construction of FNAs and the intrinsic electrical properties of DNA molecules. Then, we describe various approaches for the fabrication of FNAs templated materials and devices, which are classified as conducting, insulating, or semiconducting based on their electrical properties. We highlight the role of FNAs in the fabrication of functional electronic devices with atomic precision, as well as the challenges and opportunities for atom manufacturing with FNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoliang Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules and National Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Bingjie Yan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules and National Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangbao Yao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules and National Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
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4
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Generalova AN, Oleinikov VA, Khaydukov EV. One-dimensional necklace-like assemblies of inorganic nanoparticles: Recent advances in design, preparation and applications. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 297:102543. [PMID: 34678536 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2021.102543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
One-dimensional (1D) necklace-like assembly of inorganic nanoparticles exhibits unique collective properties, which are critical to open up new and remarkable opportunities in the field of nanotechnology. This review focuses on the recent advances in the production of these types of assemblies employing two strategies: colloidal synthesis and self-assembly procedures. After a brief description of the forces guiding nanoparticles towards the assembly, the main features of both strategies are discussed. Examples of approaches, typically involved in colloidal synthesis, are highlighted. The peculiar properties of 1D nanostructures are strictly associated with the nanoparticle arrangement in the form of highly ordered assemblies, which are attained during the synthesis both in the solution and using a template, as well as under the action of an external force. The various 1D necklace-like structures, created through nanoparticle self-assembly, demonstrate aligned, oriented nanoparticle organization. Diverse nature, size and shape of preformed particles as building blocks, along with utilizing different linkers, templates or external field lead to fabrication of 1D chain nanostructures with properties responsible for their wide applications. The unique structure-property relationship, both in colloidal synthesis, and self-assembly, offers broad spectrum of 1D necklace-like nanostructure implementations, illustrated by their use in photonics, electronics, electrocatalysis, magnetics.
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Pang C, Aryal BR, Ranasinghe DR, Westover TR, Ehlert AEF, Harb JN, Davis RC, Woolley AT. Bottom-Up Fabrication of DNA-Templated Electronic Nanomaterials and Their Characterization. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:1655. [PMID: 34201888 PMCID: PMC8306176 DOI: 10.3390/nano11071655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Bottom-up fabrication using DNA is a promising approach for the creation of nanoarchitectures. Accordingly, nanomaterials with specific electronic, photonic, or other functions are precisely and programmably positioned on DNA nanostructures from a disordered collection of smaller parts. These self-assembled structures offer significant potential in many domains such as sensing, drug delivery, and electronic device manufacturing. This review describes recent progress in organizing nanoscale morphologies of metals, semiconductors, and carbon nanotubes using DNA templates. We describe common substrates, DNA templates, seeding, plating, nanomaterial placement, and methods for structural and electrical characterization. Finally, our outlook for DNA-enabled bottom-up nanofabrication of materials is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Pang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA; (C.P.); (B.R.A.); (D.R.R.); (A.E.F.E.)
| | - Basu R. Aryal
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA; (C.P.); (B.R.A.); (D.R.R.); (A.E.F.E.)
| | - Dulashani R. Ranasinghe
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA; (C.P.); (B.R.A.); (D.R.R.); (A.E.F.E.)
| | - Tyler R. Westover
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA; (T.R.W.); (R.C.D.)
| | - Asami E. F. Ehlert
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA; (C.P.); (B.R.A.); (D.R.R.); (A.E.F.E.)
| | - John N. Harb
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA;
| | - Robert C. Davis
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA; (T.R.W.); (R.C.D.)
| | - Adam T. Woolley
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA; (C.P.); (B.R.A.); (D.R.R.); (A.E.F.E.)
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6
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Xin Y, Shen B, Kostiainen MA, Grundmeier G, Castro M, Linko V, Keller A. Scaling Up DNA Origami Lattice Assembly. Chemistry 2021; 27:8564-8571. [PMID: 33780583 PMCID: PMC8252642 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202100784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The surface-assisted hierarchical assembly of DNA origami nanostructures is a promising route to fabricate regular nanoscale lattices. In this work, the scalability of this approach is explored and the formation of a homogeneous polycrystalline DNA origami lattice at the mica-electrolyte interface over a total surface area of 18.75 cm2 is demonstrated. The topological analysis of more than 50 individual AFM images recorded at random locations over the sample surface showed only minuscule and random variations in the quality and order of the assembled lattice. The analysis of more than 450 fluorescence microscopy images of a quantum dot-decorated DNA origami lattice further revealed a very homogeneous surface coverage over cm2 areas with only minor boundary effects at the substrate edges. At total DNA costs of € 0.12 per cm2 , this large-scale nanopatterning technique holds great promise for the fabrication of functional surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Xin
- Technical and Macromolecular ChemistryPaderborn UniversityWarburger Str. 10033098PaderbornGermany
| | - Boxuan Shen
- Biohybrid MaterialsDepartment of Bioproducts and BiosystemsAalto UniversityP. O. Box 1610000076AaltoFinland
| | - Mauri A. Kostiainen
- Biohybrid MaterialsDepartment of Bioproducts and BiosystemsAalto UniversityP. O. Box 1610000076AaltoFinland
| | - Guido Grundmeier
- Technical and Macromolecular ChemistryPaderborn UniversityWarburger Str. 10033098PaderbornGermany
| | - Mario Castro
- Grupo Interdisciplinar de Sistemas Complejos and Instituto de Investigación TecnológicaUniversidad Pontificia Comillas de MadridMadrid28015Spain
| | - Veikko Linko
- Biohybrid MaterialsDepartment of Bioproducts and BiosystemsAalto UniversityP. O. Box 1610000076AaltoFinland
| | - Adrian Keller
- Technical and Macromolecular ChemistryPaderborn UniversityWarburger Str. 10033098PaderbornGermany
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7
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Chakraborty A, Ravi SP, Shamiya Y, Cui C, Paul A. Harnessing the physicochemical properties of DNA as a multifunctional biomaterial for biomedical and other applications. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:7779-7819. [PMID: 34036968 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs01387k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The biological purpose of DNA is to store, replicate, and convey genetic information in cells. Progress in molecular genetics have led to its widespread applications in gene editing, gene therapy, and forensic science. However, in addition to its role as a genetic material, DNA has also emerged as a nongenetic, generic material for diverse biomedical applications. DNA is essentially a natural biopolymer that can be precisely programed by simple chemical modifications to construct materials with desired mechanical, biological, and structural properties. This review critically deciphers the chemical tools and strategies that are currently being employed to harness the nongenetic functions of DNA. Here, the primary product of interest has been crosslinked, hydrated polymers, or hydrogels. State-of-the-art applications of macroscopic, DNA-based hydrogels in the fields of environment, electrochemistry, biologics delivery, and regenerative therapy have been extensively reviewed. Additionally, the review encompasses the status of DNA as a clinically and commercially viable material and provides insight into future possibilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aishik Chakraborty
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B9, Canada.
| | - Shruthi Polla Ravi
- School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B9, Canada
| | - Yasmeen Shamiya
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B9, Canada
| | - Caroline Cui
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B9, Canada
| | - Arghya Paul
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B9, Canada. and School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B9, Canada and Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B9, Canada
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8
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Fabrication and temperature-dependent electrical characterization of a C-shape nanowire patterned by a DNA origami. Sci Rep 2021; 11:1922. [PMID: 33479352 PMCID: PMC7820232 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-81178-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
We introduce a method based on directed molecular self-assembly to manufacture and electrically characterise C-shape gold nanowires which clearly deviate from typical linear shape due to the design of the template guiding the assembly. To this end, gold nanoparticles are arranged in the desired shape on a DNA-origami template and enhanced to form a continuous wire through electroless deposition. C-shape nanowires with a size below 150nm on a \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$${\hbox {SiO}_2}/\hbox {Si}$$\end{document}SiO2/Si substrate are contacted with gold electrodes by means of electron beam lithography. Charge transport measurements of the nanowires show hopping, thermionic and tunneling transports at different temperatures in the 4.2K to 293K range. The different transport mechanisms indicate that the C-shape nanowires consist of metallic segments which are weakly coupled along the wires.
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9
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Ranasinghe DR, Aryal BR, Westover TR, Jia S, Davis RC, Harb JN, Schulman R, Woolley AT. Seeding, Plating and Electrical Characterization of Gold Nanowires Formed on Self-Assembled DNA Nanotubes. Molecules 2020; 25:E4817. [PMID: 33092123 PMCID: PMC7587963 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25204817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Self-assembly nanofabrication is increasingly appealing in complex nanostructures, as it requires fewer materials and has potential to reduce feature sizes. The use of DNA to control nanoscale and microscale features is promising but not fully developed. In this work, we study self-assembled DNA nanotubes to fabricate gold nanowires for use as interconnects in future nanoelectronic devices. We evaluate two approaches for seeding, gold and palladium, both using gold electroless plating to connect the seeds. These gold nanowires are characterized electrically utilizing electron beam induced deposition of tungsten and four-point probe techniques. Measured resistivity values for 15 successfully studied wires are between 9.3 × 10-6 and 1.2 × 10-3 Ωm. Our work yields new insights into reproducible formation and characterization of metal nanowires on DNA nanotubes, making them promising templates for future nanowires in complex electronic circuitry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dulashani R. Ranasinghe
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA; (D.R.R.); (B.R.A.)
| | - Basu R. Aryal
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA; (D.R.R.); (B.R.A.)
| | - Tyler R. Westover
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA; (T.R.W.); (R.C.D.)
| | - Sisi Jia
- Johns Hopkins Institute for Nanobiotechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; (S.J.); (R.S.)
| | - Robert C. Davis
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA; (T.R.W.); (R.C.D.)
| | - John N. Harb
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA;
| | - Rebecca Schulman
- Johns Hopkins Institute for Nanobiotechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; (S.J.); (R.S.)
| | - Adam T. Woolley
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA; (D.R.R.); (B.R.A.)
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10
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Ye J, Weichelt R, Kemper U, Gupta V, König TAF, Eychmüller A, Seidel R. Casting of Gold Nanoparticles with High Aspect Ratios inside DNA Molds. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 16:e2003662. [PMID: 32875721 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202003662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
DNA nanostructures provide a powerful platform for the programmable assembly of nanomaterials. Here this approach is extended to synthesize rod-like gold nanoparticles in a full DNA controlled manner. The approach is based on DNA molds containing elongated cavities. Gold is deposited inside the molds using a seeded-growth procedure. By carefully exploring the growth parameters it is shown that gold nanostructures with aspect ratios of up to 7 can be grown from single seeds. The highly anisotropic growth is in this case controlled only by the rather soft and porous DNA walls. The optimized seeded growth procedure provides a robust and simple routine to achieve continuous gold nanostructures using DNA templating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Ye
- Molecular Biophysics group, Peter Debye Institute for Soft Matter Physics, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, 01062, Germany
| | - Richard Weichelt
- Molecular Biophysics group, Peter Debye Institute for Soft Matter Physics, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, 01062, Germany
- Physical Chemistry and Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, 01062, Germany
| | - Ulrich Kemper
- Molecular Biophysics group, Peter Debye Institute for Soft Matter Physics, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, 01062, Germany
| | - Vaibhav Gupta
- Institute for Physical Chemistry and Polymer Physics, Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden, e.V., Hohe Str. 6, Dresden, 01069, Germany
| | - Tobias A F König
- Institute for Physical Chemistry and Polymer Physics, Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden, e.V., Hohe Str. 6, Dresden, 01069, Germany
| | - Alexander Eychmüller
- Physical Chemistry and Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, 01062, Germany
| | - Ralf Seidel
- Molecular Biophysics group, Peter Debye Institute for Soft Matter Physics, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, 01062, Germany
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11
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Absalan Y, Gholizadeh M, Butusov L, Bratchikova I, Kopylov V, Kovalchukova O. Titania nanotubes (TNTs) prepared through the complex compound of gallic acid with titanium; examining photocatalytic degradation of the obtained TNTs. ARAB J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2020.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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12
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Westover TR, Aryal BR, Ranasinghe DR, Uprety B, Harb JN, Woolley AT, Davis RC. Impact of Polymer-Constrained Annealing on the Properties of DNA Origami-Templated Gold Nanowires. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:6661-6667. [PMID: 32456432 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c00594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
DNA origami-templated fabrication enables bottom-up fabrication of nanoscale structures from a variety of functional materials, including metal nanowires. We studied the impact of low-temperature annealing on the morphology and conductance of DNA-templated nanowires. Nanowires were formed by selective seeding of gold nanorods on DNA origami and gold electroless plating of the seeded structures. At low annealing temperatures (160 °C for seeded-only and 180 °C for plated), the wires broke up and separated into multiple, isolated islands. Through the use of polymer-constrained annealing, the island formation in plated wires was suppressed up to annealing temperatures of 210 °C. Four-point electrical measurements showed that the wires remained conductive after a polymer-constrained annealing at 200 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler R Westover
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, United States
| | - Basu R Aryal
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, United States
| | - Dulashani R Ranasinghe
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, United States
| | - Bibek Uprety
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, United States
| | - John N Harb
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, United States
| | - Adam T Woolley
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, United States
| | - Robert C Davis
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, United States
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13
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WITHDRAWN: Titania nanotubes (TNTs) prepared through the complex compound of gallic acid with titanium; examining photocatalytic degradation of the obtained TNTs. ARAB J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2020.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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14
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Sun L, Cai J, Sun Y, Zhang D. Three-dimensional assembly of silver nanoparticles spatially confined by cellular structure of Spirulina, from nanospheres to nanosheets. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 30:495704. [PMID: 31469089 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab3ee7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) ordered construction of nanoparticles (NPs) has attracted much attention in wide applications, however, techniques with respect to cost effective nanofabrication of well defined functional architectures is still lacking. To address this specific issue, a bio-interface confinement approach is proposed that precisely replicates the complex cellular structural features of microbes and integrates silver NP (SNP) building blocks into their 3D framework in a precise, low cost and mass production way. Herein, the SNPs with nanospheres and nanosheets structure were synthesized by way of electroless deposition using Spirulina as template. Results showed that SNPs were orderly assembled along the cellular structure, and the spatially confinement of cellular texture induced the transformation of SNPs from sphere to flake morphology during their continuous growth. The silver assembly not only shows good antibacterial activity, but also exhibits excellent surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) performance with the enhancement factor as high as 5.95 × 108 and good recuperability towards Rhodamine 6G. The fascinating SERS performance can be ascribed to the combined action of nanosheets morphology of SNPs, hierarchical nanostructure of the cellular structure, and the small interparticle spacing. This strategy provides an effective strategy for controllable and ordered 3D assembly of NPs by using the cellular texture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Sun
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China
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15
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Ye J, Helmi S, Teske J, Seidel R. Fabrication of Metal Nanostructures with Programmable Length and Patterns Using a Modular DNA Platform. NANO LETTERS 2019; 19:2707-2714. [PMID: 30887810 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b00740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Recently introduced DNA nanomolds allow the shape-controlled growth of metallic nanoparticles. Here we demonstrate that this approach can be used to fabricate longer linear metal nanostructures of controlled lengths and patterns. To this end, we establish a set of different interfaces that enable mold interactions with high affinity and specificity. These interfaces enable and control the modular assembly of mold monomers into larger mold superstructure with programmable dimension in which each mold monomer remains uniquely addressable. Preloading the molds with nanoparticle seeds subsequently allows the growth of linear gold nanostructures whose lengths are controlled by the DNA structure. Exploiting the addressability of individual mold monomers furthermore allows achievement of site-specific metallization, that is, to create defined metal patterns. We think that the introduced approach provides a useful basis to fabricate nanomaterials with complex shapes and material composition in a fully programmable and modular fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Ye
- Cluster of Excellence Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) , TU Dresden , 01062 Dresden , Germany
- Molecular Biophysics group, Peter Debye Institute for Soft Matter Physics , Universität Leipzig , 04103 Leipzig , Germany
| | - Seham Helmi
- Molecular Biophysics group, Peter Debye Institute for Soft Matter Physics , Universität Leipzig , 04103 Leipzig , Germany
| | - Josephine Teske
- Molecular Biophysics group, Peter Debye Institute for Soft Matter Physics , Universität Leipzig , 04103 Leipzig , Germany
| | - Ralf Seidel
- Cluster of Excellence Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) , TU Dresden , 01062 Dresden , Germany
- Molecular Biophysics group, Peter Debye Institute for Soft Matter Physics , Universität Leipzig , 04103 Leipzig , Germany
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16
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Abstract
The predictable nature of DNA interactions enables the programmable assembly of highly advanced 2D and 3D DNA structures of nanoscale dimensions. The access to ever larger and more complex structures has been achieved through decades of work on developing structural design principles. Concurrently, an increased focus has emerged on the applications of DNA nanostructures. In its nature, DNA is chemically inert and nanostructures based on unmodified DNA mostly lack function. However, functionality can be obtained through chemical modification of DNA nanostructures and the opportunities are endless. In this review, we discuss methodology for chemical functionalization of DNA nanostructures and provide examples of how this is being used to create functional nanodevices and make DNA nanostructures more applicable. We aim to encourage researchers to adopt chemical modifications as part of their work in DNA nanotechnology and inspire chemists to address current challenges and opportunities within the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikael Madsen
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO) and Department of Chemistry , Aarhus University , Gustav Wieds Vej 14 , DK - 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Kurt V Gothelf
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO) and Department of Chemistry , Aarhus University , Gustav Wieds Vej 14 , DK - 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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17
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Aryal BR, Westover TR, Ranasinghe DR, Calvopiña DG, Uprety B, Harb JN, Davis RC, Woolley AT. Four-Point Probe Electrical Measurements on Templated Gold Nanowires Formed on Single DNA Origami Tiles. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:15069-15077. [PMID: 30176148 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b02225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Bottom-up nanofabrication is increasingly making use of self-assembled DNA to fabricate nanowires and potential integrated circuits, although yields of such electronic nanostructures are inadequate, as is the ability to reliably make electrical measurements on them. In this paper, we report improved yields and unprecedented conductivity measurements for Au nanowires created on DNA origami tile substrates. We created several different self-assembled Au nanowire arrangements on DNA origami tiles that are approximately 70 nm × 90 nm, through anisotropic growth of Au nanorods attached to specific sites. Modifications to the tile design increased yields of the final desired nanostructures as much as 6-fold. In addition, we measured the conductivity of Au nanowires created on these DNA tiles (∼130 nm long, 10 nm diameter, and 40 nm spacing between measurement points) with a four-point measurement technique that utilized electron beam induced metal deposition to form probe electrodes. These nanowires formed on single DNA origami tiles were electrically conductive, having resistivities as low as 4.24 × 10-5 Ω m. This work demonstrates the creation and measurement of inorganic nanowires on single DNA origami tiles as a promising path toward future bottom-up fabrication of nanoelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basu R Aryal
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Brigham Young University , Provo , Utah 84602 , United States
| | - Tyler R Westover
- Department of Physics and Astronomy , Brigham Young University , Provo , Utah 84602 , United States
| | - Dulashani R Ranasinghe
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Brigham Young University , Provo , Utah 84602 , United States
| | - Diana G Calvopiña
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Brigham Young University , Provo , Utah 84602 , United States
| | - Bibek Uprety
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Brigham Young University , Provo , Utah 84602 , United States
| | - John N Harb
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Brigham Young University , Provo , Utah 84602 , United States
| | - Robert C Davis
- Department of Physics and Astronomy , Brigham Young University , Provo , Utah 84602 , United States
| | - Adam T Woolley
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Brigham Young University , Provo , Utah 84602 , United States
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18
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Shen B, Kostiainen MA, Linko V. DNA Origami Nanophotonics and Plasmonics at Interfaces. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:14911-14920. [PMID: 30122051 PMCID: PMC6291805 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b01843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
DNA nanotechnology provides a versatile toolbox for creating custom and accurate shapes that can serve as versatile templates for nanopatterning. These DNA templates can be used as molecular-scale precision tools in, for example, biosensing, nanometrology, and super-resolution imaging, and biocompatible scaffolds for arranging other nano-objects, for example, for drug delivery applications and molecular electronics. Recently, increasing attention has been paid to their potent use in nanophotonics since these modular templates allow a wide range of plasmonic and photonic ensembles ranging from DNA-directed nanoparticle and fluorophore arrays to entirely metallic nanostructures. This Feature Article focuses on the DNA-origami-based nanophotonics and plasmonics-especially on the methods that take advantage of various substrates and interfaces for the foreseen applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boxuan Shen
- Biohybrid
Materials, Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, 00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Mauri A. Kostiainen
- Biohybrid
Materials, Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, 00076 Aalto, Finland
- HYBER
Center of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, 00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Veikko Linko
- Biohybrid
Materials, Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, 00076 Aalto, Finland
- E-mail:
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19
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20
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Bayrak T, Jagtap NS, Erbe A. Review of the Electrical Characterization of Metallic Nanowires on DNA Templates. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E3019. [PMID: 30282940 PMCID: PMC6213931 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19103019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of self-assembly techniques may open new possibilities in scaling down electronic circuits to their ultimate limits. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) nanotechnology has already demonstrated that it can provide valuable tools for the creation of nanostructures of arbitrary shape, therefore presenting an ideal platform for the development of nanoelectronic circuits. So far, however, the electronic properties of DNA nanostructures are mostly insulating, thus limiting the use of the nanostructures in electronic circuits. Therefore, methods have been investigated that use the DNA nanostructures as templates for the deposition of electrically conducting materials along the DNA strands. The most simple such structure is given by metallic nanowires formed by deposition of metals along the DNA nanostructures. Here, we review the fabrication and the characterization of the electronic properties of nanowires, which were created using these methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Türkan Bayrak
- Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01328 Dresden, Germany.
- Cluster of Excellence Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed), TU Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Nagesh S Jagtap
- Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01328 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Artur Erbe
- Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01328 Dresden, Germany.
- Cluster of Excellence Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed), TU Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany.
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21
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Hossen MM, Bendickson L, Palo PE, Yao Z, Nilsen-Hamilton M, Hillier AC. Creating metamaterial building blocks with directed photochemical metallization of silver onto DNA origami templates. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 29:355603. [PMID: 29877867 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aacb16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
DNA origami can be used to create a variety of complex and geometrically unique nanostructures that can be further modified to produce building blocks for applications such as in optical metamaterials. We describe a method for creating metal-coated nanostructures using DNA origami templates and a photochemical metallization technique. Triangular DNA origami forms were fabricated and coated with a thin metal layer by photochemical silver reduction while in solution or supported on a surface. The DNA origami template serves as a localized photosensitizer to facilitate reduction of silver ions directly from solution onto the DNA surface. The metallizing process is shown to result in a conformal metal coating, which grows in height to a self-limiting value with increasing photoreduction steps. Although this coating process results in a slight decrease in the triangle dimensions, the overall template shape is retained. Notably, this coating method exhibits characteristics of self-limiting and defect-filling growth, which results in a metal nanostructure that maps the shape of the original DNA template with a continuous and uniform metal layer and stops growing once all available DNA sites are exhausted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Mir Hossen
- Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering, Ames Laboratory, Ames, IA, United States of America. Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States of America
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22
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Kollmann F, Ramakrishnan S, Shen B, Grundmeier G, Kostiainen MA, Linko V, Keller A. Superstructure-Dependent Loading of DNA Origami Nanostructures with a Groove-Binding Drug. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:9441-9448. [PMID: 31459078 PMCID: PMC6644410 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b00934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
DNA origami nanostructures are regarded as powerful and versatile vehicles for targeted drug delivery. So far, DNA origami-based drug delivery strategies mostly use intercalation of the therapeutic molecules between the base pairs of the DNA origami's double helices for drug loading. The binding of nonintercalating drugs to DNA origami nanostructures, however, is less studied. Therefore, in this work, we investigate the interaction of the drug methylene blue (MB) with different DNA origami nanostructures under conditions that result in minor groove binding. We observe a noticeable effect of DNA origami superstructure on the binding affinity of MB. In particular, non-B topologies as for instance found in designs using the square lattice with 10.67 bp/turn may result in reduced binding affinity because groove binding efficiency depends on groove dimensions. Also, mechanically flexible DNA origami shapes that are prone to structural fluctuations may exhibit reduced groove binding, even though they are based on the honeycomb lattice with 10.5 bp/turn. This can be attributed to the induction of transient over- and underwound DNA topologies by thermal fluctuations. These issues should thus be considered when designing DNA origami nanostructures for drug delivery applications that employ groove-binding drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Kollmann
- Technical
and Macromolecular Chemistry, Paderborn
University, Warburger
Str. 100, 33098 Paderborn, Germany
| | - Saminathan Ramakrishnan
- Technical
and Macromolecular Chemistry, Paderborn
University, Warburger
Str. 100, 33098 Paderborn, Germany
| | - Boxuan Shen
- Biohybrid
Materials, Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16100, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Guido Grundmeier
- Technical
and Macromolecular Chemistry, Paderborn
University, Warburger
Str. 100, 33098 Paderborn, Germany
| | - Mauri A. Kostiainen
- Biohybrid
Materials, Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16100, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Veikko Linko
- Technical
and Macromolecular Chemistry, Paderborn
University, Warburger
Str. 100, 33098 Paderborn, Germany
- Biohybrid
Materials, Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16100, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Adrian Keller
- Technical
and Macromolecular Chemistry, Paderborn
University, Warburger
Str. 100, 33098 Paderborn, Germany
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23
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Stern A, Eidelshtein G, Zhuravel R, Livshits GI, Rotem D, Kotlyar A, Porath D. Highly Conductive Thin Uniform Gold-Coated DNA Nanowires. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:e1800433. [PMID: 29726045 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201800433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Over the past decades, DNA, the carrier of genetic information, has been used by researchers as a structural template material. Watson-Crick base pairing enables the formation of complex 2D and 3D structures from DNA through self-assembly. Various methods have been developed to functionalize these structures for numerous utilities. Metallization of DNA has attracted much attention as a means of forming conductive nanostructures. Nevertheless, most of the metallized DNA wires reported so far suffer from irregularity and lack of end-to-end electrical connectivity. An effective technique for formation of thin gold-coated DNA wires that overcomes these drawbacks is developed and presented here. A conductive atomic force microscopy setup, which is suitable for measuring tens to thousands of nanometer long molecules and wires, is used to characterize these DNA-based nanowires. The wires reported here are the narrowest gold-coated DNA wires that display long-range conductivity. The measurements presented show that the conductivity is limited by defects, and that thicker gold coating reduces the number of defects and increases the conductive length. This preparation method enables the formation of molecular wires with dimensions and uniformity that are much more suitable for DNA-based molecular electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avigail Stern
- Institute of Chemistry and The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 91904, Israel
| | - Gennady Eidelshtein
- Department of Biochemistry, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences and Nanotechnology Center, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - Roman Zhuravel
- Institute of Chemistry and The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 91904, Israel
| | - Gideon I Livshits
- Institute of Chemistry and The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 91904, Israel
| | - Dvir Rotem
- Institute of Chemistry and The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 91904, Israel
| | - Alexander Kotlyar
- Department of Biochemistry, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences and Nanotechnology Center, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - Danny Porath
- Institute of Chemistry and The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 91904, Israel
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24
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Nummelin S, Kommeri J, Kostiainen MA, Linko V. Evolution of Structural DNA Nanotechnology. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:e1703721. [PMID: 29363798 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201703721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Revised: 09/17/2017] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The research field entitled structural DNA nanotechnology emerged in the beginning of the 1980s as the first immobile synthetic nucleic acid junctions were postulated and demonstrated. Since then, the field has taken huge leaps toward advanced applications, especially during the past decade. This Progress Report summarizes how the controllable, custom, and accurate nanostructures have recently evolved together with powerful design and simulation software. Simultaneously they have provided a significant expansion of the shape space of the nanostructures. Today, researchers can select the most suitable fabrication methods, and design paradigms and software from a variety of options when creating unique DNA nanoobjects and shapes for a plethora of implementations in materials science, optics, plasmonics, molecular patterning, and nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sami Nummelin
- Biohybrid Materials, Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, 00076, Aalto, Finland
| | - Juhana Kommeri
- Biohybrid Materials, Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, 00076, Aalto, Finland
| | - Mauri A Kostiainen
- Biohybrid Materials, Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, 00076, Aalto, Finland
| | - Veikko Linko
- Biohybrid Materials, Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, 00076, Aalto, Finland
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25
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Bayrak T, Helmi S, Ye J, Kauert D, Kelling J, Schönherr T, Weichelt R, Erbe A, Seidel R. DNA-Mold Templated Assembly of Conductive Gold Nanowires. NANO LETTERS 2018; 18:2116-2123. [PMID: 29482327 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b00344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We introduce a new concept for the solution-based fabrication of conductive gold nanowires using DNA templates. To this end, we employ DNA nanomolds, inside which electroless gold deposition is initiated by site-specific attached seeds. Using programmable interfaces, individual molds self-assemble into micrometer-long mold superstructures. During subsequent internal gold deposition, the mold walls constrain the metal growth, such that highly homogeneous nanowires with 20-30 nm diameters are obtained. Wire contacting using electron-beam lithography and electrical conductance characterization at temperatures between 4.2 K and room temperature demonstrate that metallic conducting wires were produced, although for part of the wires, the conductance is limited by boundaries between gold grains. Using different mold designs, our synthesis scheme will, in the future, allow the fabrication of complex metal structures with programmable shapes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Seham Helmi
- Molecular Biophysics Group, Peter Debye Institute for Soft Matter Physics , Universität Leipzig , 04103 Leipzig , Germany
| | - Jingjing Ye
- Molecular Biophysics Group, Peter Debye Institute for Soft Matter Physics , Universität Leipzig , 04103 Leipzig , Germany
| | - Dominik Kauert
- Molecular Biophysics Group, Peter Debye Institute for Soft Matter Physics , Universität Leipzig , 04103 Leipzig , Germany
| | | | | | | | | | - Ralf Seidel
- Molecular Biophysics Group, Peter Debye Institute for Soft Matter Physics , Universität Leipzig , 04103 Leipzig , Germany
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26
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Tokura Y, Harvey S, Xu X, Chen C, Morsbach S, Wunderlich K, Fytas G, Wu Y, Ng DYW, Weil T. Polymer tube nanoreactors via DNA-origami templated synthesis. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:2808-2811. [PMID: 29492501 PMCID: PMC5885267 DOI: 10.1039/c7cc09620h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We describe the stepwise synthesis of precise polymeric objects programmed by a 3D DNA tube transformed from a common 2D DNA tile as a precise biotemplate for atom transfer radical polymerization. The catalytic interior space of the DNA tube was utilized for synthesizing a bio-inspired polymer, polydopamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Tokura
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research , Ackermannweg 10 , 55128 Mainz , Germany . ;
- Inorganic Chemistry I , Ulm University , Albert-Einstein-Allee 11 , 89081 Ulm , Germany .
| | - Sean Harvey
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research , Ackermannweg 10 , 55128 Mainz , Germany . ;
| | - Xuemei Xu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica , School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Luoyu Road 1037 , 430074 Hongshan , Wuhan , P. R. China
| | - Chaojian Chen
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research , Ackermannweg 10 , 55128 Mainz , Germany . ;
- Inorganic Chemistry I , Ulm University , Albert-Einstein-Allee 11 , 89081 Ulm , Germany .
| | - Svenja Morsbach
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research , Ackermannweg 10 , 55128 Mainz , Germany . ;
| | - Katrin Wunderlich
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research , Ackermannweg 10 , 55128 Mainz , Germany . ;
| | - George Fytas
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research , Ackermannweg 10 , 55128 Mainz , Germany . ;
| | - Yuzhou Wu
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research , Ackermannweg 10 , 55128 Mainz , Germany . ;
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica , School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Luoyu Road 1037 , 430074 Hongshan , Wuhan , P. R. China
| | - David Y. W. Ng
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research , Ackermannweg 10 , 55128 Mainz , Germany . ;
| | - Tanja Weil
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research , Ackermannweg 10 , 55128 Mainz , Germany . ;
- Inorganic Chemistry I , Ulm University , Albert-Einstein-Allee 11 , 89081 Ulm , Germany .
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27
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Arora AA, de Silva C. Beyond the smiley face: applications of structural DNA nanotechnology. NANO REVIEWS & EXPERIMENTS 2018; 9:1430976. [PMID: 30410711 PMCID: PMC6171786 DOI: 10.1080/20022727.2018.1430976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Since the development of DNA origami by Paul Rothemund in 2006, the field of structural DNA nanotechnology has undergone tremendous growth. Through DNA origami and related approaches, self-assembly of specified DNA sequences allows for the ‘bottom-up’ construction of diverse nanostructures. By utilizing different sets of small ‘staple’ DNA strands to direct the folding of a long scaffold strand in diverse ways, DNA origami has particularly been incorporated into a variety of prototypical applications beyond the two-dimensional (2D) smiley face. In this review, the basis of DNA nanotechnology, methods of self-assembly, and Rothemund’s DNA origami breakthrough are discussed first. Next, some of the most promising applications of structural DNA nanotechnology since 2006 are summarized. These include utilizing DNA origami as a tool for creating 3D nanostructures (including DNA bricks), as well as structural (ligand capsid binding, viral capsid binding, DNA NanoOctahedron, DNA mold, photonic devices, energy transfer units), and dynamic (DNA box-with-lid, DNA nano-robot, DNA barges, amphipathic DNA structures, DNA nanocircuits) applications of DNA origami.
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28
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Kim H, Arbutina K, Xu A, Liu H. Increasing the stability of DNA nanostructure templates by atomic layer deposition of Al 2O 3 and its application in imprinting lithography. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 8:2363-2375. [PMID: 29181293 PMCID: PMC5687006 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.8.236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We present a method to increase the stability of DNA nanostructure templates through conformal coating with a nanometer-thin protective inorganic oxide layer created using atomic layer deposition (ALD). DNA nanotubes and origami triangles were coated with ca. 2 nm to ca. 20 nm of Al2O3. Nanoscale features of the DNA nanostructures were preserved after the ALD coating and the patterns are resistive to UV/O3 oxidation. The ALD-coated DNA templates were used for a direct pattern transfer to poly(L-lactic acid) films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyojeong Kim
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, 219 Parkman Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States of America
| | - Kristin Arbutina
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, 219 Parkman Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States of America
| | - Anqin Xu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, 219 Parkman Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States of America
| | - Haitao Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, 219 Parkman Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States of America
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29
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Ramakrishnan S, Krainer G, Grundmeier G, Schlierf M, Keller A. Cation-Induced Stabilization and Denaturation of DNA Origami Nanostructures in Urea and Guanidinium Chloride. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2017; 13:1702100. [PMID: 29024433 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201702100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Revised: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The stability of DNA origami nanostructures under various environmental conditions constitutes an important issue in numerous applications, including drug delivery, molecular sensing, and single-molecule biophysics. Here, the effect of Na+ and Mg2+ concentrations on DNA origami stability is investigated in the presence of urea and guanidinium chloride (GdmCl), two strong denaturants commonly employed in protein folding studies. While increasing concentrations of both cations stabilize the DNA origami nanostructures against urea denaturation, they are found to promote DNA origami denaturation by GdmCl. These inverse behaviors are rationalized by a salting-out of Gdm+ to the hydrophobic DNA base stack. The effect of cation-induced DNA origami denaturation by GdmCl deserves consideration in the design of single-molecule studies and may potentially be exploited in future applications such as selective denaturation for purification purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saminathan Ramakrishnan
- Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Paderborn University, Warburger Str. 100, 33098, Paderborn, Germany
| | - Georg Krainer
- B CUBE - Center for Molecular Bioengineering, Technische Universität Dresden, Arnoldstr. 18, 01307, Dresden, Germany
- Molecular Biophysics, University of Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Str. 13, 67663, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Guido Grundmeier
- Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Paderborn University, Warburger Str. 100, 33098, Paderborn, Germany
| | - Michael Schlierf
- B CUBE - Center for Molecular Bioengineering, Technische Universität Dresden, Arnoldstr. 18, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Adrian Keller
- Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Paderborn University, Warburger Str. 100, 33098, Paderborn, Germany
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30
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Uprety B, Jensen J, Aryal BR, Davis RC, Woolley AT, Harb JN. Directional Growth of DNA-Functionalized Nanorods to Enable Continuous, Site-Specific Metallization of DNA Origami Templates. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2017; 33:10143-10152. [PMID: 28876958 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b01659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
This work examines the anisotropic electroless plating of DNA-functionalized gold nanorods attached to a DNA origami template to fabricate continuous metal structures of rectanglar, square, and T shapes. DNA origami, a versatile method for assembling a variety of 2- and 3-D nanostructures, is utilized to construct the DNA breadboard template used for this study. Staple strands on selective sites of the breadboard template are extended with an additional nucleotide sequence for the attachment of DNA-functionalized gold nanorods to the template via base pairing. The nanorod-seeded DNA templates are then introduced into an electroless gold plating solution to determine the extent to which the anisotropic growth of the nanorods is able to fill the gaps between seeds to create continuous structures. Our results show that the DNA-functionalized nanorods grow anisotropically during plating at a rate that is approximately 4 times faster in the length direction than in the width direction to effectively fill gaps of up to 11-13 nm in length. The feasibility of using this directional growth at specific sites to enable the fabrication of continuous metal nanostructures with diameters as thin as 10 nm is demonstrated and represents important progress toward the creation of devices and systems based on self-assembled biological templates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bibek Uprety
- Department of Chemical Engineering, ‡Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and §Department of Physics and Astronomy, Brigham Young University , Provo, Utah 84602, United States
| | - John Jensen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, ‡Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and §Department of Physics and Astronomy, Brigham Young University , Provo, Utah 84602, United States
| | - Basu R Aryal
- Department of Chemical Engineering, ‡Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and §Department of Physics and Astronomy, Brigham Young University , Provo, Utah 84602, United States
| | - Robert C Davis
- Department of Chemical Engineering, ‡Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and §Department of Physics and Astronomy, Brigham Young University , Provo, Utah 84602, United States
| | - Adam T Woolley
- Department of Chemical Engineering, ‡Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and §Department of Physics and Astronomy, Brigham Young University , Provo, Utah 84602, United States
| | - John N Harb
- Department of Chemical Engineering, ‡Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and §Department of Physics and Astronomy, Brigham Young University , Provo, Utah 84602, United States
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Muench F, Schaefer S, Hagelüken L, Molina-Luna L, Duerrschnabel M, Kleebe HJ, Brötz J, Vaskevich A, Rubinstein I, Ensinger W. Template-Free Electroless Plating of Gold Nanowires: Direct Surface Functionalization with Shape-Selective Nanostructures for Electrochemical Applications. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:31142-31152. [PMID: 28825459 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b09398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Metal nanowires (NWs) represent a prominent nanomaterial class, the interest in which is fueled by their tunable properties as well as their excellent performance in, for example, sensing, catalysis, and plasmonics. Synthetic approaches to obtain metal NWs mostly produce colloids or rely on templates. Integrating such nanowires into devices necessitates additional fabrication steps, such as template removal, nanostructure purification, or attachment. Here, we describe the development of a facile electroless plating protocol for the direct deposition of gold nanowire films, requiring neither templates nor complex instrumentation. The method is general, producing three-dimensional nanowire structures on substrates of varying shape and composition, with different seed types. The aqueous plating bath is prepared by ligand exchange and partial reduction of tetrachloroauric acid in the presence of 4-dimethylaminopyridine and formaldehyde. Gold deposition proceeds by nucleation of new grains on existing nanostructure tips and thus selectively produces curvy, polycrystalline nanowires of high aspect ratio. The nanofabrication potential of this method is demonstrated by producing a sensor electrode, whose performance is comparable to that of known nanostructures and discussed in terms of the catalyst architecture. Due to its flexibility and simplicity, shape-selective electroless plating is a promising new tool for functionalizing surfaces with anisotropic metal nanostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Falk Muench
- Department of Materials and Interfaces, Weizmann Institute of Science , Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Sandra Schaefer
- Department of Materials and Earth Sciences, Technische Universität Darmstadt , Alarich-Weiss-Straße 2, Darmstadt 64287, Germany
| | - Lorenz Hagelüken
- Department of Materials and Earth Sciences, Technische Universität Darmstadt , Alarich-Weiss-Straße 2, Darmstadt 64287, Germany
| | - Leopoldo Molina-Luna
- Department of Materials and Earth Sciences, Technische Universität Darmstadt , Alarich-Weiss-Straße 2, Darmstadt 64287, Germany
| | - Michael Duerrschnabel
- Department of Materials and Earth Sciences, Technische Universität Darmstadt , Alarich-Weiss-Straße 2, Darmstadt 64287, Germany
| | - Hans-Joachim Kleebe
- Department of Materials and Earth Sciences, Technische Universität Darmstadt , Alarich-Weiss-Straße 2, Darmstadt 64287, Germany
| | - Joachim Brötz
- Department of Materials and Earth Sciences, Technische Universität Darmstadt , Alarich-Weiss-Straße 2, Darmstadt 64287, Germany
| | - Alexander Vaskevich
- Department of Materials and Interfaces, Weizmann Institute of Science , Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Israel Rubinstein
- Department of Materials and Interfaces, Weizmann Institute of Science , Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Wolfgang Ensinger
- Department of Materials and Earth Sciences, Technische Universität Darmstadt , Alarich-Weiss-Straße 2, Darmstadt 64287, Germany
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