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Chen G, Gallegos MJ, Soetrisno DD, Vekilov PG, Conrad JC. A minimal colloid model of solution crystallization nucleates crystals classically. SOFT MATTER 2024; 20:2575-2583. [PMID: 38415982 DOI: 10.1039/d3sm01609a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
A fundamental assumption of the classical theories of crystal nucleation is that the individual molecules from the "old" phase associate to an emerging nucleus individually and sequentially. Numerous recent studies of crystal nucleation in solution have revealed nonclassical pathways, whereby crystal nuclei are hosted and fed by amorphous clusters pre-formed in the solution. A sizable knowledge gap has persisted, however, in the definition of the molecular-level parameters that direct a solute towards classical or nonclassical nucleation. Here we construct a suspension of colloid particles of hydrodynamic diameter 1.1 μm and monitor their individual motions towards a quasi-two-dimensional crystal by scanning confocal microscopy. We combine electrostatic repulsion and polymer-induced attraction to obtain a simple isotropic pair interaction potential with a single attractive minimum of tunable depth between 1.2kBT and 2.7kBT. We find that even the smallest aggregates that form in this system structure as hexagonal two-dimensional crystals and grow and maturate by the association and exchange of single particles from the solution, signature behaviors during classical nucleation. The particles in the suspension equilibrate with those in the clusters and the volume fractions of suspensions at equilibrium correspond to straightforward thermodynamic predictions based on depth of the interparticle attraction. These results demonstrate that classical nucleation is selected by particles interacting with a minimal potential and present a benchmark for future modifications of the molecular interactions that may induce nonclassical nucleation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary Chen
- William A. Brookshire Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, 4226 Martin Luther King Boulevard, Houston, Texas 77204-4004, USA.
| | - Mariah J Gallegos
- William A. Brookshire Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, 4226 Martin Luther King Boulevard, Houston, Texas 77204-4004, USA.
| | - Diego D Soetrisno
- William A. Brookshire Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, 4226 Martin Luther King Boulevard, Houston, Texas 77204-4004, USA.
| | - Peter G Vekilov
- William A. Brookshire Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, 4226 Martin Luther King Boulevard, Houston, Texas 77204-4004, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, 3585 Cullen Boulevard, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, USA
| | - Jacinta C Conrad
- William A. Brookshire Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, 4226 Martin Luther King Boulevard, Houston, Texas 77204-4004, USA.
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Park S, Hwang H, Kim SH. Direct Determination of the Phase Diagram of a Depletion-Mediated Colloidal System. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:18397-18405. [PMID: 36170562 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c06715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Depletion is one widely used potential to modulate colloidal interaction because it enables the production of a wide variety of crystalline and glassy phases of spherical and shape-tailored colloids. The attractive depletion potential gives rise to qualitatively new behavior. However, depletion-mediated phase behaviors have never been systematically investigated experimentally regarding pair potentials for aqueous suspensions. In this work, we implement three distinct phases of fluid, crystal, and glass by adjusting the concentrations of depletant and salt in the aqueous suspension of polystyrene particles. To define the phase boundary between the fluid and crystal, we calculate pair potential with a superposition of van der Waals, electrostatic, and depletion interactions. Two unknown parameters in the pair potential─the concentration of ionic impurities and the ratio of the molar concentration of depletant to osmolarity─are experimentally determined from sets of reflectance spectra. The interparticle spacing in the crystalline phase is extracted from the peak wavelength originating from Bragg diffraction, which corresponds to the interparticle separation at energy minimum in the pair potential. The boundary between the fluid and crystal is well defined with the depth of the energy well of 3kBT. By contrast, the onset of glass formation is better characterized by not the well depth but the assembly rate, which is estimated from the slope of the pair potential from force balance. Glasses are produced as the speed exceeds 300 μm/s. That is, crystals are produced by enthalpy gain overwhelming entropy loss, whereas glasses are kinetically produced due to fast jamming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanghyuk Park
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and KAIST Institute for the NanoCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyerim Hwang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Shin-Hyun Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and KAIST Institute for the NanoCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
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Fan X, Walther A. 1D Colloidal chains: recent progress from formation to emergent properties and applications. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:4023-4074. [PMID: 35502721 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00112h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Integrating nanoscale building blocks of low dimensionality (0D; i.e., spheres) into higher dimensional structures endows them and their corresponding materials with emergent properties non-existent or only weakly existent in the individual building blocks. Constructing 1D chains, 2D arrays and 3D superlattices using nanoparticles and colloids therefore continues to be one of the grand goals in colloid and nanomaterial science. Amongst these higher order structures, 1D colloidal chains are of particular interest, as they possess unique anisotropic properties. In recent years, the most relevant advances in 1D colloidal chain research have been made in novel synthetic methodologies and applications. In this review, we first address a comprehensive description of the research progress concerning various synthetic strategies developed to construct 1D colloidal chains. Following this, we highlight the amplified and emergent properties of the resulting materials, originating from the assembly of the individual building blocks and their collective behavior, and discuss relevant applications in advanced materials. In the discussion of synthetic strategies, properties, and applications, particular attention will be paid to overarching concepts, fresh trends, and potential areas of future research. We believe that this comprehensive review will be a driver to guide the interdisciplinary field of 1D colloidal chains, where nanomaterial synthesis, self-assembly, physical property studies, and material applications meet, to a higher level, and open up new research opportunities at the interface of classical disciplines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinlong Fan
- Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Str. 31, 79104, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Andreas Walther
- A3BMS Lab, Department of Chemistry, University of Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
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Nozawa J, Uda S, Toyotama A, Yamanaka J, Niinomi H, Okada J. Heteroepitaxial fabrication of binary colloidal crystals by a balance of interparticle interaction and lattice spacing. J Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 608:873-881. [PMID: 34785462 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.10.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS The colloidal epitaxy utilizing a patterned substrate is used to fabricate colloidal crystals of the same structure and lattice spacing with the substrate, which is an effective technique for creating desired nanoscale architectures. However, this technique has been mainly limited to a single-component system. The colloidal epitaxy is versatile if multicomponent colloidal crystals can be produced, which is inspired by our previous study regarding binary colloidal crystals (b-CCs) fabricated at the edge of single-component crystals. EXPERIMENTS We have examined various particle size combinations of binary colloidal mixture and substrates for heteroepitaxial growth of b-CCs. Colloidal crystallization was achieved through depletion attraction induced by added polymers. FINDINGS We demonstrated heteroepitaxial growth of b-CCs on the foreign colloidal crystals as the substrate. Under depletion attraction, deviation from equilibrium interparticle distance because of lattice mismatch between the substrate and epitaxial layers induces strain energy among the particles, yielding the b-CCs to attain minimum strain energy. Various types of b-CCs are created by adjusting the particle size ratio and polymer concentration. The heteroepitaxial growth technique enables the fabrication of complex multicomponent colloidal crystals that greatly facilitate versatile applications of the colloidal crystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Nozawa
- Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan.
| | - Satoshi Uda
- Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Akiko Toyotama
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe, Mizuho, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8603, Japan
| | - Junpei Yamanaka
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe, Mizuho, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8603, Japan
| | - Hiromasa Niinomi
- Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Junpei Okada
- Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
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Cai Z, Li Z, Ravaine S, He M, Song Y, Yin Y, Zheng H, Teng J, Zhang A. From colloidal particles to photonic crystals: advances in self-assembly and their emerging applications. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:5898-5951. [PMID: 34027954 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00706d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Over the last three decades, photonic crystals (PhCs) have attracted intense interests thanks to their broad potential applications in optics and photonics. Generally, these structures can be fabricated via either "top-down" lithographic or "bottom-up" self-assembly approaches. The self-assembly approaches have attracted particular attention due to their low cost, simple fabrication processes, relative convenience of scaling up, and the ease of creating complex structures with nanometer precision. The self-assembled colloidal crystals (CCs), which are good candidates for PhCs, have offered unprecedented opportunities for photonics, optics, optoelectronics, sensing, energy harvesting, environmental remediation, pigments, and many other applications. The creation of high-quality CCs and their mass fabrication over large areas are the critical limiting factors for real-world applications. This paper reviews the state-of-the-art techniques in the self-assembly of colloidal particles for the fabrication of large-area high-quality CCs and CCs with unique symmetries. The first part of this review summarizes the types of defects commonly encountered in the fabrication process and their effects on the optical properties of the resultant CCs. Next, the mechanisms of the formation of cracks/defects are discussed, and a range of versatile fabrication methods to create large-area crack/defect-free two-dimensional and three-dimensional CCs are described. Meanwhile, we also shed light on both the advantages and limitations of these advanced approaches developed to fabricate high-quality CCs. The self-assembly routes and achievements in the fabrication of CCs with the ability to open a complete photonic bandgap, such as cubic diamond and pyrochlore structure CCs, are discussed as well. Then emerging applications of large-area high-quality CCs and unique photonic structures enabled by the advanced self-assembly methods are illustrated. At the end of this review, we outlook the future approaches in the fabrication of perfect CCs and highlight their novel real-world applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyu Cai
- Research Institute for Frontier Science, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Space and Environment, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China. and Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, 117576, Singapore and Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Zhiwei Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Serge Ravaine
- CNRS, Univ. Bordeaux, CRPP, UMR 5031, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | - Mingxin He
- Department of Physics, Center for Soft Matter Research, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - Yanlin Song
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Green Printing, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Yadong Yin
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Hanbin Zheng
- CNRS, Univ. Bordeaux, CRPP, UMR 5031, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | - Jinghua Teng
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, Singapore 138634, Singapore.
| | - Ao Zhang
- Research Institute for Frontier Science, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Space and Environment, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China.
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Nakamura N, Sakamoto Y, Ogi H. Spontaneous nucleation on flat surface by depletion force in colloidal suspension. Sci Rep 2021; 11:8929. [PMID: 33903604 PMCID: PMC8076313 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-87626-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Nucleation by sedimentation of colloidal particles on a flat surface is experimentally observed, and effect of attractive depletion force generated by polymers on nucleation is investigated. Sedimentation forms polycrystalline colloidal crystal on a flat surface, and above the threshold polymer concentration, ratio of the spontaneous nucleation increases, resulting in a decrease in the grain size, whereas dependence of the contact angle on the polymer concentration was not observed. We show that the interaction between particles and the flat surface mainly affects the spontaneous nucleation, not the interaction between the particles, and it is demonstrated that the nucleation process can be numerically reproduced using the rate equations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobutomo Nakamura
- Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-8531, Japan.
| | - Yuto Sakamoto
- Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-8531, Japan
| | - Hirotsugu Ogi
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
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Khaleghi A, Sadrameli SM, Manteghian M. Thermodynamic and kinetics investigation of homogeneous and heterogeneous nucleation. REV INORG CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1515/revic-2020-0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Nucleation is a fundamental process widely studied in different areas of industry and biology. This review paper comprehensively discussed the principles of classical nucleation theory (primary homogeneous), and heterogeneous nucleation. In the homogeneous part, the nucleation rate in the transient and intransient state is monitored and also heterogeneous nucleation is covered. Finally, conclusions have been deduced from the collected works studied here, and offers for future studies are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atefeh Khaleghi
- Tarbiat Modares University , Tehran Jalal AleAhmad Nasr , Tehran , The Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Seyed Mojtaba Sadrameli
- Tarbiat Modares University , Tehran Jalal AleAhmad Nasr , Tehran , The Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Mehrdad Manteghian
- Tarbiat Modares University , Tehran Jalal AleAhmad Nasr , Tehran , The Islamic Republic of Iran
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Shim YH, Lee KE, Shin TJ, Kim SO, Kim SY. Tailored Colloidal Stability and Rheological Properties of Graphene Oxide Liquid Crystals with Polymer-Induced Depletion Attractions. ACS NANO 2018; 12:11399-11406. [PMID: 30407782 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b06320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Graphene oxide liquid crystallinity (GO LC) has been widely exploited for high-performance graphene-based applications. In this regard, colloidal stability of GO LC suspension is a crucial requirement, particularly while polymers are often added to the GO LC. Unfortunately, current level of knowledge on how polymers influence the structure and properties of GO LC is not sufficient to systematically guide the development of applications. Here, we investigate the microstructure and rheological properties of GO LC suspensions in the presence of polymer additives with varying molecular weights and concentrations. Similar to conventional colloidal systems, non-negligible polymer-induced interactions are found in GO LC suspensions, which can effectively modulate the interaction among GO platelets and the relevant physical properties. On the basis of extensive small-angle X-ray scattering and rheological measurements, we demonstrate that, contrary to the general perception, polymer-induced depletion attraction can increase the colloidal stability of GO, while also preventing the vitrification of GO LC. In addition, a proper level of polymer additive can reduce the viscosity of GO LC suspensions by orders of magnitude, providing an effective route to GO LC-based solution processing. After all, the colloidal stability and rheological properties of GO can significantly impact the quality of GO. Therefore, we believe that our finding will be of great interest in the field of graphene-based applications, as it presents effective strategies for improving properties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kyung Eun Lee
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Multi-Dimensional Directed Nanoscale Assembly, Department of Materials Science & Engineering , KAIST , Daejeon , 34141 , Republic of Korea
| | | | - Sang Ouk Kim
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Multi-Dimensional Directed Nanoscale Assembly, Department of Materials Science & Engineering , KAIST , Daejeon , 34141 , Republic of Korea
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