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Wang R, He H, Tian J, Chodankar S, Hsiao BS, Rosén T. Solvent-Dependent Dynamics of Cellulose Nanocrystals in Process-Relevant Flow Fields. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:13319-13329. [PMID: 38859701 PMCID: PMC11210288 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.4c01846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2024] [Revised: 06/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Flow-assisted alignment of anisotropic nanoparticles is a promising route for the bottom-up assembly of advanced materials with tunable properties. While aligning processes could be optimized by controlling factors such as solvent viscosity, flow deformation, and the structure of the particles themselves, it is necessary to understand the relationship between these factors and their effect on the final orientation. In this study, we investigated the flow of surface-charged cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) with the shape of a rigid rod dispersed in water and propylene glycol (PG) in an isotropic tactoid state. In situ scanning small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and rheo-optical flow-stop experiments were used to quantify the dynamics, orientation, and structure of the assigned system at the nanometer scale. The effects of both shear and extensional flow fields were revealed in a single experiment by using a flow-focusing channel geometry, which was used as a model flow for nanomaterial assembly. Due to the higher solvent viscosity, CNCs in PG showed much slower Brownian dynamics than CNCs in water and thus could be aligned at lower deformation rates. Moreover, CNCs in PG also formed a characteristic tactoid structure but with less ordering than CNCs in water owing to weaker electrostatic interactions. The results indicate that CNCs in water stay assembled in the mesoscale structure at moderate deformation rates but are broken up at higher flow rates, enhancing rotary diffusion and leading to lower overall alignment. Albeit being a study of cellulose nanoparticles, the fundamental interplay between imposed flow fields, Brownian motion, and electrostatic interactions likely apply to many other anisotropic colloidal systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruifu Wang
- Department
of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3400, United
States
| | - HongRui He
- Department
of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3400, United
States
| | - Jiajun Tian
- Department
of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3400, United
States
| | - Shirish Chodankar
- National
Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven
National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11793-5000, United States
| | - Benjamin S. Hsiao
- Department
of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3400, United
States
| | - Tomas Rosén
- Department
of Fiber and Polymer Technology and Wallenberg Wood Science Center, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
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2
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Pignon F, Guilbert E, Mandin S, Hengl N, Karrouch M, Jean B, Putaux JL, Gibaud T, Manneville S, Narayanan T. Orthotropic organization of a cellulose nanocrystal suspension realized via the combined action of frontal ultrafiltration and ultrasound as revealed by in situ SAXS. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 659:914-925. [PMID: 38219310 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.12.164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS Rodlike cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) exhibit significant potential as building blocks for creating uniform, sustainable materials. However, a critical hurdle lies in the need to enhance existing or devise novel processing that provides improved control over the alignment and arrangement of CNCs across a wide spatial range. Specifically, the challenge is to achieve orthotropic organization in a single-step processing, which entails creating non-uniform CNC orientations to generate spatial variations in anisotropy. EXPERIMENTS A novel processing method combining frontal ultrafiltration (FU) and ultrasound (US) has been developed. A dedicated channel-cell was designed to simultaneously generate (1) a vertical acoustic force thanks to a vibrating blade at the top and (2) a transmembrane pressure force at the bottom. Time-resolved in situ small-angle X-ray scattering permitted to probe the dynamical structural organization/orientation of CNCs during the processing. FINDINGS For the first time, a typical three-layer orthotropic structure that resembles the articular cartilage organization was achieved in one step during the FU/US process: a first layer composed of CNCs having their director aligned parallel to the horizontal membrane surface, a second intermediate isotropic layer, and a third layer of CNCs with their director vertically oriented along the direction of US wave propagation direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Pignon
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP (Institute of Engineering Univ. Grenoble Alpes), LRP, F-38000 Grenoble, France.
| | - Emilie Guilbert
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP (Institute of Engineering Univ. Grenoble Alpes), LRP, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Samuel Mandin
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP (Institute of Engineering Univ. Grenoble Alpes), LRP, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Nicolas Hengl
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP (Institute of Engineering Univ. Grenoble Alpes), LRP, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Mohamed Karrouch
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP (Institute of Engineering Univ. Grenoble Alpes), LRP, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Bruno Jean
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CERMAV, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Jean-Luc Putaux
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CERMAV, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Thomas Gibaud
- ENSL, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique, F-69342 Lyon, France
| | - Sebastien Manneville
- ENSL, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique, F-69342 Lyon, France; Institut Universitaire de France, France
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Zhang X, Kang S, Adstedt K, Kim M, Xiong R, Yu J, Chen X, Zhao X, Ye C, Tsukruk VV. Uniformly aligned flexible magnetic films from bacterial nanocelluloses for fast actuating optical materials. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5804. [PMID: 36192544 PMCID: PMC9530119 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33615-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Naturally derived biopolymers have attracted great interest to construct photonic materials with multi-scale ordering, adaptive birefringence, chiral organization, actuation and robustness. Nevertheless, traditional processing commonly results in non-uniform organization across large-scale areas. Here, we report magnetically steerable uniform biophotonic organization of cellulose nanocrystals decorated with superparamagnetic nanoparticles with strong magnetic susceptibility, enabling transformation from helicoidal cholesteric (chiral nematic) to uniaxial nematic phase with near-perfect orientation order parameter of 0.98 across large areas. We demonstrate that magnetically triggered high shearing rate of circular flow exceeds those for conventional evaporation-based assembly by two orders of magnitude. This high rate shearing facilitates unconventional unidirectional orientation of nanocrystals along gradient magnetic field and untwisting helical organization. These translucent magnetic films are flexible, robust, and possess anisotropic birefringence and light scattering combined with relatively high optical transparency reaching 75%. Enhanced mechanical robustness and uniform organization facilitate fast, multimodal, and repeatable actuation in response to magnetic field, humidity variation, and light illumination. Naturally derived biopolymers attracted great interest to construct photonic materials but traditional processing commonly results in non-uniform organization across largescale areas. Here, the authors report a uniform biophotonic organization of cellulose nanocrystals decorated with superparamagnetic nanoparticles enabling transformation from helicoidal cholesteric to uniaxial nematic phase with near-perfect orientation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing Technologies, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, 430200, China.,School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332-0245, USA
| | - Saewon Kang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332-0245, USA
| | - Katarina Adstedt
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332-0245, USA
| | - Minkyu Kim
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332-0245, USA
| | - Rui Xiong
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332-0245, USA.,State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Juan Yu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332-0245, USA
| | - Xinran Chen
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Xulin Zhao
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Chunhong Ye
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Vladimir V Tsukruk
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332-0245, USA.
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Bukharina D, Kim M, Han MJ, Tsukruk VV. Cellulose Nanocrystals' Assembly under Ionic Strength Variation: From High Orientation Ordering to a Random Orientation. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:6363-6375. [PMID: 35559606 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c00293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We discuss the effect of the ionic strength and effective charge density on the final structural organization of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) after drying suspensions with different ionic strengths in terms of quantitative characteristics of the orientation order, rarely considered to date. We observed that increasing the ionic strength in the initial suspension results in continuous shrinking of the helical pitch length that shifts the photonic band gap to a far UV region from the visible range (from 400 to 250 nm) because of the increase in the helical twisting power from 4 to 6 μm-1 and doubling of the twisting angle between neighboring monolayers from 5.5 to 9°. As our estimation of the Coulombic interactions demonstrates, the reduction of the Debye charge screening length below a critical value of 3 nm results in the loss of the long-range helicoidal order and the transition to a disordered morphology with random packing of nanocrystals. Subsequently, very high orientation ordering with the 2D orientation factor, S, within the range 0.8-0.9, close to the theoretical limit of 1, gradually decreased to a very low value of S = 0.1-0.2, a characteristic of random organization at high ionic strength. We suggest that the loss of the chiral ordering is a result of the reduction of repulsive forces, promoting direct physical contact with the reduced contact area during Brownian motion, combined with increased repulsive Coulombic interactions of nanocrystals at nonparallel local packing. Notably, electrolyte addition enhances chiral interactions to the point where the helical twisting power is too large and the resulting nanocrystal bundles can no longer compactly pack without creating unfavorably large free volume. We propose that the Debye charge screening length in suspensions can be used as a universal parameter for CNCs under different conditions and can be used to assess expected ordering characteristics in the solid films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria Bukharina
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Minkyu Kim
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Moon Jong Han
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Vladimir V Tsukruk
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
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Kádár R, Spirk S, Nypelö T. Cellulose Nanocrystal Liquid Crystal Phases: Progress and Challenges in Characterization Using Rheology Coupled to Optics, Scattering, and Spectroscopy. ACS NANO 2021; 15:7931-7945. [PMID: 33756078 PMCID: PMC8158857 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c09829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) self-assemble and can be flow-assembled to liquid crystalline orders in a water suspension. The orders range from nano- to macroscale with the contributions of individual crystals, their micron clusters, and macroscopic assemblies. The resulting hierarchies are optically active materials that exhibit iridescence, reflectance, and light transmission. Although these assemblies have the potential for future renewable materials, details about structures on different hierarchical levels that span from the nano- to the macroscale are still not unraveled. Rheological characterization is essential for investigating flow properties; however, bulk material properties make it difficult to capture the various length-scales during assembly of the suspensions, for example, in simple shear flow. Rheometry is combined with other characterization methods to allow direct analysis of the structure development in the individual hierarchical levels. While optical techniques, scattering, and spectroscopy are often used to complement rheological observations, coupling them in situ to allow simultaneous observation is paramount to fully understand the details of CNC assembly from liquid to solid. This Review provides an overview of achievements in the coupled analytics, as well as our current opinion about opportunities to unravel the structural distinctiveness of cellulose nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland Kádár
- Department
of Industrial Materials Science, Chalmers
University of Technology, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Wallenberg
Wood Science Center (WWSC), Chalmers University
of Technology, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Stefan Spirk
- Institute
of Bioproducts and Paper Technology, Graz
University of Technology, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Tiina Nypelö
- Wallenberg
Wood Science Center (WWSC), Chalmers University
of Technology, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers
University of Technology, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
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Pignon F, Challamel M, De Geyer A, Elchamaa M, Semeraro EF, Hengl N, Jean B, Putaux JL, Gicquel E, Bras J, Prevost S, Sztucki M, Narayanan T, Djeridi H. Breakdown and buildup mechanisms of cellulose nanocrystal suspensions under shear and upon relaxation probed by SAXS and SALS. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 260:117751. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.117751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Zhao X, Liu T, Kaplan AB, Yao C, Loo YL. Accessing Highly Oriented Two-Dimensional Perovskite Films via Solvent-Vapor Annealing for Efficient and Stable Solar Cells. NANO LETTERS 2020; 20:8880-8889. [PMID: 33166152 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c03914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Accessing vertical orientation of two-dimensional (2D) perovskite films is key to achieving high-performance solar cells with these materials. Herein, we report on solvent-vapor annealing (SVA) as a general postdeposition strategy to induce strong vertical orientation across broad classes of 2D perovskite films. We do not observe any local compositional drifts that would result in impure phases during SVA. Instead, our experiments point to solvent vapor plasticizing 2D perovskite films and facilitating their surface-induced reorientation and concomitant grain growth, which enhance out-of-plane charge transport. Solar cells with SVA 2D perovskites exhibit superior efficiency and stability compared to their untreated analogs. With a certified efficiency of (18.00 ± 0.30) %, our SVA (BDA)(Cs0.1FA0.9)4Pb5I16 solar cell boasts the highest efficiency among all solar cells with 2D perovskites (n ≤ 5) reported so far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Zhao
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Tianran Liu
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Alan B Kaplan
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Chao Yao
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Yueh-Lin Loo
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
- Andlinger Center for Energy and the Environment, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
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Prathapan R, Tabor RF, Garnier G, Hu J. Recent Progress in Cellulose Nanocrystal Alignment and Its Applications. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2020; 3:1828-1844. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c00104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ragesh Prathapan
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Rico F. Tabor
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Gil Garnier
- Bioresources Processing Research Institute of Australia (BioPRIA), Department of Chemical Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Jinguang Hu
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
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9
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Stimuli induced cellulose nanomaterials alignment and its emerging applications: A review. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 230:115609. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.115609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Linear Birefringent Films of Cellulose Nanocrystals Produced by Dip-Coating. NANOMATERIALS 2018; 9:nano9010045. [PMID: 30602653 PMCID: PMC6359005 DOI: 10.3390/nano9010045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Transparent films of cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) are prepared by dip-coating on glass substrates from aqueous suspensions of hydrolyzed filter paper. Dragging forces acting during films’ deposition promote a preferential alignment of the rod-shaped CNC. Films that are 2.8 and 6.0 µm in thickness show retardance effects, as evidenced by placing them between a linearly polarized light source and a linear polarizer sheet in the extinction configuration. Transmission Mueller matrix spectroscopic ellipsometry measurements at normal incidence as a function of sample rotation were used to characterize polarization properties. A differential decomposition of the Mueller matrix reveals linear birefringence as the unique polarization parameter. These results show a promising way for obtaining CNC birefringent films by a simple and controllable method.
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