1
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Liu M, Jin J, Zhong X, Liu L, Tang C, Cai L. Polysaccharide hydrogels for skin wound healing. Heliyon 2024; 10:e35014. [PMID: 39144923 PMCID: PMC11320479 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e35014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Advances in the development and utilization of polysaccharide materials are highly promising, offering prominent applications in the field of tissue engineering for addressing diverse clinical needs, including wound healing, bone regeneration, cartilage repair, and treatment of conditions such as arthritis. Novel polysaccharide materials are popular owing to their inherent stability, biocompatibility, and repeatability. This review presents an overview of the biomedical applications of natural polysaccharide hydrogels and their derivatives. Herein, we discuss the latest advancements in the fabrication, physicochemical properties, and biomedical applications of polysaccharide-based hydrogels, including chitosan, hyaluronic acid, alginate, and cellulose. Various processing techniques applicable to polysaccharide materials are explored, such as the transformation of polysaccharide hydrogels into electrospun nanofibers, microneedles, microspheres, and nanogels. Furthermore, the use of polysaccharide hydrogels in the context of wound-healing applications, including hemostatic effects, antimicrobial activities, anti-inflammatory properties, and promotion of angiogenesis, is presented. Finally, we address the challenges encountered in the development of polysaccharide hydrogels and outline the potential prospects in this evolving field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Xiqiang Zhong
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325200, China
| | - Liangle Liu
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325200, China
| | - Chengxuan Tang
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325200, China
| | - Limei Cai
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325200, China
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2
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da Costa Ribeiro A, T. Tominaga T, Moretti Bonadio TG, P. da Silveira N, C. Leite D. A Study on the Behavior of Smart Starch- co-poly( N-isopropylacrylamide) Hybrid Microgels for Encapsulation of Methylene Blue. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:27349-27357. [PMID: 38947796 PMCID: PMC11209679 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c01947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Hybrid microgels made from starch nanoparticles (SNPs) and poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) p(NIPAM) were used as promising hosts for the methylene blue (MB) dye. In this paper, these thermoresponsive microgels were characterized by dynamic light scattering (DLS), zeta potential measurements (ZP), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and evaluated as carriers for skin-targeted drug delivery. The hybrid microgel-MB systems in PBS solution were also studied by UV-vis spectroscopy and DLS, revealing discernible differences in spectral intensity and absorption shifts compared to microgels devoid of MB. This underscores the successful integration of methylene blue within the SNPs-co-p(NIPAM) microgels, signifying their potential as efficacious drug delivery vehicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andresa da Costa Ribeiro
- Applied
Physics in Materials Group, Departamento de Física, Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste, Guarapuava, PR 85040-167, Brazil
| | - Tania T. Tominaga
- Applied
Physics in Materials Group, Departamento de Física, Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste, Guarapuava, PR 85040-167, Brazil
| | - Taiana G. Moretti Bonadio
- Applied
Physics in Materials Group, Departamento de Física, Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste, Guarapuava, PR 85040-167, Brazil
| | - Nádya P. da Silveira
- Post
Graduation Program in Chemistry (PPGQ), Chemistry Institute, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS 91501-970, Brazil
| | - Daiani C. Leite
- Laboratório
de Superfícies e Macromoléculas (SM Lab), Departamento
de Física, Universidade Federal de
Santa Maria, Santa
Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil
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3
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Buratti E, Sguizzato M, Sotgiu G, Zamboni R, Bertoldo M. Keratin-PNIPAM Hybrid Microgels: Preparation, Morphology and Swelling Properties. Gels 2024; 10:411. [PMID: 38920957 PMCID: PMC11202486 DOI: 10.3390/gels10060411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Combinations of synthetic polymers, such as poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM), with natural biomolecules, such as keratin, show potential in the field of biomedicine, since these hybrids merge the thermoresponsive properties of PNIPAM with the bioactive characteristics of keratin. This synergy aims to produce hybrids that can respond to environmental stimuli while maintaining biocompatibility and functionality, making them suitable for various medical and biotechnological uses. In this study, we exploit keratin derived from wool waste in the textile industry, extracted via sulfitolysis, to synthesize hybrids with PNIPAM microgel. Utilizing two distinct methods-polymerization of NIPAM with keratin (HYB-P) and mixing preformed PNIPAM microgels with keratin (HYB-M)-resulted in hybrids with 20% and 25% keratin content, respectively. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) and transmission electron microscopic (TEM) analyses indicated the formation of colloidal systems with particle sizes of around 110 nm for HYB-P and 518 nm for HYB-M. The presence of keratin in both systems, 20% and 25%, respectively, was confirmed by spectroscopic (FTIR and NMR) and elemental analyses. Distinct structural differences were observed between HYB-P and HYB-M, suggesting a graft copolymer configuration for the former hybrid and a complexation for the latter one. Furthermore, these hybrids demonstrated temperature responsiveness akin to PNIPAM microgels and pH responsiveness, underscoring their potential for diverse biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Buratti
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via L. Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (M.S.); (M.B.)
| | - Maddalena Sguizzato
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via L. Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (M.S.); (M.B.)
| | - Giovanna Sotgiu
- Institute for Organic Synthesis and Photoreactivity (ISOF), National Research Council, Via Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy; (G.S.); (R.Z.)
| | - Roberto Zamboni
- Institute for Organic Synthesis and Photoreactivity (ISOF), National Research Council, Via Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy; (G.S.); (R.Z.)
| | - Monica Bertoldo
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via L. Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (M.S.); (M.B.)
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4
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Caldera-Villalobos M, Claudio-Rizo JA, Rodríguez-Estrada VA, Cabrera Munguía DA, Becerra-Rodríguez JJ. Effect of the content of starch on the biocompatibility, bacterial inhibition, and drug release performance of semi-IPN collagen-polyurethane hydrogels. JOURNAL OF MACROMOLECULAR SCIENCE PART A-PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/10601325.2023.2166842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Caldera-Villalobos
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Unidad Saltillo, Saltillo, Coahuila, México
| | - J. A. Claudio-Rizo
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Unidad Saltillo, Saltillo, Coahuila, México
| | - V. A. Rodríguez-Estrada
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Unidad Saltillo, Saltillo, Coahuila, México
| | - D. A. Cabrera Munguía
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Unidad Saltillo, Saltillo, Coahuila, México
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5
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Huang H, Xu R, Ni P, Zhang Z, Sun C, He H, Wang X, Zhang L, Liang Z, Liu H. Water-driven noninvasively detachable wet tissue adhesives for wound closure. Mater Today Bio 2022; 16:100369. [PMID: 35937571 PMCID: PMC9352973 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2022.100369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue adhesive with on-demand detachment feature is critically important since it can minimize hurt to patient when it is stripped away. Herein, a water-driven noninvasively detachable wet tissue adhesive hydrogel (w-TAgel) was produced by UV-initiated radical copolymerization of N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM), acrylamide (AAm), gelatin methacrylate (GelMA), and urushiol. As a w-TAgel, its robust and tough mechanical property makes it suitable for dynamic wound tissue. The polyurushiol segments of it are crucial to the formation of tough adhesion interface with various wet tissues, while polyNIPAM units play an indispensable role in on-demand detachment via thermo-responsive swelling behavior because the hydrophobic aggregation among isopropyl groups is destroyed upon water treatment with temperature of 25 °C or less. Additionally, it exhibits multiple merits including good hemocompatibility, cytocompatibility as well as pro-coagulant activity and hemostasis. Therefore, our w-TAgel with strong adhesion and facile detachment is an advanced prospective dressing for wound closure and rapid hemostasis. The wet tissue adhesion and water-driven detachable mechanism may shed new light on the development of on-demand noninvasively detachable wet tissue adhesives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjian Huang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, Fujian, 350007, China
| | - Renfeng Xu
- College of Life Science, Fujian Normal University, Fujian, 350007, China
| | - Peng Ni
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, Fujian, 350007, China
| | - Zhenghong Zhang
- College of Life Science, Fujian Normal University, Fujian, 350007, China
- Corresponding author.
| | - Caixia Sun
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, Fujian, 350007, China
| | - Huaying He
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, Fujian, 350007, China
| | - Xinyue Wang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, Fujian, 350007, China
| | - Lidan Zhang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, Fujian, 350007, China
| | - Ziyi Liang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, Fujian, 350007, China
| | - Haiqing Liu
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, Fujian, 350007, China
- Engineering Research Center of Industrial Biocatalysis, Fujian Province Higher Education Institutes, Fujian, 350007, China
- Corresponding author. Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, Fujian, 350007, China.
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6
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Friesen S, Kakorin S, Hellweg T. Modified Flory–Rehner Theory Describes Thermotropic Swelling Transition of Smart Copolymer Microgels. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14101999. [PMID: 35631881 PMCID: PMC9143634 DOI: 10.3390/polym14101999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present article, we use an improved Flory–Rehner theory to describe the swelling behavior of copolymer microgels, where the interaction parameter is modeled by a Hill-like equation for a cooperative thermotropic transition. This description leads to very good fits of the swelling curves of the copolymer microgels at different comonomer contents (30 mol%, 50 mol% and 70 mol%) obtained by photon correlation spectroscopy. Fixed parameters, which are universally applicable for the respective monomers given in our previous work, are used to fit the swelling curves. The analysis of the swelling curves yields physically reasonable and meaningful results for the remaining adjustable parameters. The comonomer content of the statistical copolymer microgels poly(NNPAM-co-NIPAM), poly(NIPAM-co-NIPMAM) and poly(NIPMAM-co-NNPAM) is determined by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and is in agreement with the nominal comonomer feed used in the synthesis. To investigate the volume phase transition at a molecular level, swelling curves are also measured by Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy. The obtained swelling curves are also fitted using the Hill-like model. The fits provide physically reasonable parameters too, consistent with the results from photon correlation spectroscopy.
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7
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Fan M, Li M, Wang X, Liao Y, Wang H, Rao J, Yang Y, Wang Q. Injectable Thermosensitive Iodine-Loaded Starch-g-poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) Hydrogel for Cancer Photothermal Therapy and Anti-Infection. Macromol Rapid Commun 2022; 43:e2200203. [PMID: 35477942 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202200203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Although photothermal therapy (PTT) can effectively eliminate tumors, the normal tissues near tumors are inevitably damaged by heat and infected by bacteria, which greatly limits the therapeutic effect. In this work, an injectable thermosensitive hydrogel based on iodine-loaded starch-g-poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNSI) is developed to overcome this problem. FTIR, 1 H NMR and UV-Vis spectra confirm the graft copolymerization of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) with starch and the formation of "iodine-starch" complex. TEM images show PNSI polymer self-assembles into regular spherical nanogel with a size of ∼50 nm. The concentrated nanogel dispersion is a sol at room temperature and transforms to hydrogel at body temperature. Under NIR laser irradiation for 10 mins, the ΔT of the nanogel dispersion approachs about 20°C with excellent thermal stability and high cytotoxicity due to the photothermal effect of the "iodine-starch" complex. After intratumor injection, this injectable hydrogel efficiently inhibites the tumor growth using 808 nm laser irradiation. Furthermore, it can also suppress S. aureus infection in the wound post PTT due to the release of iodine, which promotes wound healing. Therefore, this injectable thermosensitive "iodine-starch" composite hydrogel with advantages of good biocompatible and easy preparation possesses potential application for tumor photothermal therapy and anti-bacterial infection. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Fan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica, Hubei Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials and Medical Protective Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Mengyao Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica, Hubei Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials and Medical Protective Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica, Hubei Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials and Medical Protective Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Yonggui Liao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica, Hubei Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials and Medical Protective Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica, Hubei Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials and Medical Protective Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Jingyi Rao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica, Hubei Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials and Medical Protective Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Yajiang Yang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica, Hubei Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials and Medical Protective Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Qin Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica, Hubei Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials and Medical Protective Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
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8
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Kittel Y, Kuehne AJC, De Laporte L. Translating Therapeutic Microgels into Clinical Applications. Adv Healthc Mater 2022; 11:e2101989. [PMID: 34826201 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202101989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Microgels are crosslinked, water-swollen networks with a 10 nm to 100 µm diameter and can be modified chemically or biologically to render them biocompatible for advanced clinical applications. Depending on their intended use, microgels require different mechanical and structural properties, which can be engineered on demand by altering the biochemical composition, crosslink density of the polymer network, and the fabrication method. Here, the fundamental aspects of microgel research and development, as well as their specific applications for theranostics and therapy in the clinic, are discussed. A detailed overview of microgel fabrication techniques with regards to their intended clinical application is presented, while focusing on how microgels can be employed as local drug delivery materials, scavengers, and contrast agents. Moreover, microgels can act as scaffolds for tissue engineering and regeneration application. Finally, an overview of microgels is given, which already made it into pre-clinical and clinical trials, while future challenges and chances are discussed. This review presents an instructive guideline for chemists, material scientists, and researchers in the biomedical field to introduce them to the fundamental physicochemical properties of microgels and guide them from fabrication methods via characterization techniques and functionalization of microgels toward specific applications in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonca Kittel
- DWI – Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials Forckenbeckstrasse 50 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Alexander J. C. Kuehne
- DWI – Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials Forckenbeckstrasse 50 52074 Aachen Germany
- Institute of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry Ulm University Albert‐Einstein‐Allee 11 89081 Ulm Germany
- Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry (ITMC) Polymeric Biomaterials RWTH University Aachen Worringerweg 2 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Laura De Laporte
- DWI – Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials Forckenbeckstrasse 50 52074 Aachen Germany
- Max Planck School‐Matter to Life (MtL) Jahnstraße 29 69120 Heidelberg Germany
- Advanced Materials for Biomedicine (AMB) Institute of Applied Medical Engineering (AME) Center for Biohybrid Medical Systems (CBMS) University Hospital RWTH 52074 Aachen Germany
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9
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Comparison of different approaches to describe the thermotropic volume phase transition of smart microgels. Colloid Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-022-04950-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe description of gel swelling by Flory and Rehner using the original Flory–Huggins interaction parameter for the polymer–solvent interaction cannot be applied to most smart microgels. Here, we compare descriptions of the swelling curves of such microgels using series expansions of the Flory–Huggins parameter $$\chi$$
χ
with the results of Hill-like equation for $$\chi$$
χ
. We study N-isopropyl-acrylamide particles at different concentrations of the cross-linker N,N-methylenebisacrylamide. The hydrodynamic radius $$R_{\mathrm {H}}$$
R
H
of the microgel particles is determined using photon correlation spectroscopy. The fits with the series expansion of $$\chi$$
χ
nicely follow the experimental data. However, already with the first-order series expansion, the computed $$\Theta$$
Θ
temperatures are not physically reasonable. Moreover, the physical meaning of the parameters of the series expansion is not clear. The Hill-like equation, which we recently introduced, yields a good description of all measured microgel swelling curves and provides physically meaningful parameters. For instance, the Hill parameter $$\nu$$
ν
corresponds to the number of water molecules per network chain cooperatively leaving the chain at the volume phase transition.
Graphical abstract
Different approaches to model the Flory-Huggins interaction parameter are explored and compared with respect to the quality of the fit of microgel swelling curves.
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Yasir Siddique M, Nazar MF, Mahmood M, Saleem MA, Alwadai N, Almuslem AS, Alshammari FH, Haider S, Akhtar MS, Hussain SZ, Safdar M, Akhlaq M. Microemulsified Gel Formulations for Topical Delivery of Clotrimazole: Structural and In Vitro Evaluation. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:13767-13777. [PMID: 34753286 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c02590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Microemulsified gels (μEGs) with fascinating functions have become indispensable as topical drug delivery systems due to their structural flexibility, high stability, and facile manufacturing process. Topical administration is an attractive alternative to traditional methods because of advantages such as noninvasive administration, bypassing first-pass metabolism, and improving patient compliance. In this article, we report on the new formulations of microemulsion-based gels suitable for topical pharmaceutical applications using biocompatible and ecological ingredients. For this, two biocompatible μE formulations comprising clove oil/Brij-35/water/ethanol (formulation A) and clove oil/Brij-35/water/1-propanol (formulation B) were developed to encapsulate and improve the load of an antimycotic drug, Clotrimazole (CTZ), and further gelatinized to control the release of CTZ through skin barriers. By delimiting the pseudo-ternary phase diagram, optimum μE formulations with clove oil (∼15%) and Brij-35 (∼30%) were developed, keeping constant surfactant/co-surfactant ratio (1:1), to upheld 2.0 wt % CTZ. The as-developed formulations were further converted into smart gels by adding 2.0 wt % carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) as a cross-linker to adhere to the controlled release of CTZ through complex skin barriers. Electron micrographs show a fine, monodispersed collection of CTZ-μE nanodroplets (∼60 nm), which did not coalesce even after gelation, forming spherical CTZ-μEG (∼90 nm). However, the maturity of CTZ nanodroplets observed by dynamic light scattering suggests the affinity of CTZ for the nonpolar microenvironment, which was further supported by the peak-to-peak correlation of Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis and fluorescence measurement. In addition, HPLC analysis showed that the in vitro permeation release of CTZ-μEG from rabbit skin in the ethanolic phosphate buffer (pH = 7.4) was significantly increased by >98% within 6.0 h. This indicates the sustained release of CTZ in μEBG and the improvement in transdermal therapeutic efficacy of CTZ over its traditional topical formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Muhammad Faizan Nazar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Education Lahore, Multan Campus 60700, Pakistan
| | - Marryam Mahmood
- Department of Chemistry, University of Gujrat, Gujrat 50700, Pakistan
| | | | - Norah Alwadai
- Department of Physics, College of Sciences, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University (PNU), Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amani Saleh Almuslem
- Department of Physics, College of Science, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fwzah H Alshammari
- Department of Physics, University Colleges at Nairiyah, University of Hafr Al Batin (UHB), Nairiyah 31981 Saudi Arabia
| | - Sajjad Haider
- Chemical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Saud University, P.O. Box 800, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Saeed Akhtar
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Syed Zajif Hussain
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Syed Babar Ali School of Science and Engineering (SBASSE), Lahore University of Management Sciences (LUMS), Lahore 54792, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Safdar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, KPK 29220, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Akhlaq
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, KPK 29220, Pakistan
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11
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Wang J, Ye Q, Yu N, Huan W, Sun J, Nie X, Meng X. Preparation of multiresponsive hydrophilic molecularly imprinted microspheres for rapid separation of gardenia yellow and geniposide from gardenia fruit. Food Chem 2021; 374:131610. [PMID: 34823938 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.131610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
In this work, a robust method for the separation of gardenia yellow and geniposide from gardenia fruit was developed based on a molecularly imprinted solid phase extraction (MISPE) procedure. First, hydrophilic molecularly imprinted microspheres (HMIMs) were prepared using gardenia yellow as the template via reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) precipitation polymerization. The resultant HMIMs demonstrated the multiresponsiveness to pH, temperature, and magnetism, achieving controllable uptake and release of gardenia yellow and easy recovery by external magnets. Meanwhile, the HMIMs possessed high adsorption capacity, fast binding kinetics, specific recognition, and reusability. Finally, a MISPE approach using HMIMs as adsorbent was developed for extraction of gardenia yellow and purification of geniposide after optimization of the adsorption and elution conditions. Thus, efficient separation of gardenia yellow and geniposide with relative purities of 99.77 ± 0.05% (94.04 ± 0.10% recovered) and 94.50 ± 0.62% (95.40 ± 0.86% recovered), respectively, was achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinshuang Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qin Ye
- Institute of Food Sciences, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ningxiang Yu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Weiwei Huan
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Utilization of Forestry Biomass, Zhejiang A & F University, 311300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jingliang Sun
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaohua Nie
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xianghe Meng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang, China.
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12
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Aleman RS, Morris A, Prinyawiwatkul W, Moncada M, King JM. Physicochemical properties of Frontière rice flour and its application in a gluten‐free cupcake. Cereal Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cche.10484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo S. Aleman
- School of Nutrition and Food Sciences Louisiana State University Agricultural Center Baton Rouge LA USA
| | - Anita Morris
- School of Nutrition and Food Sciences Louisiana State University Agricultural Center Baton Rouge LA USA
| | - Witoon Prinyawiwatkul
- School of Nutrition and Food Sciences Louisiana State University Agricultural Center Baton Rouge LA USA
| | - Marvin Moncada
- Department of Food, Bioprocessing, and Nutrition Sciences North Carolina State University NC USA
| | - Joan M. King
- School of Nutrition and Food Sciences Louisiana State University Agricultural Center Baton Rouge LA USA
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13
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Lumbaque EC, Schweigert CE, Dos Santos LO, Lavayen V, Dos Santos JHZ, Sirtori C. Degradation of pharmaceuticals in wastewater matrices through solar light-driven photocatalyst prepared from petrochemical waste. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:24124-24137. [PMID: 33483924 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-12142-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceuticals, such as dipyrone (DIP), paracetamol (PCT), and propranolol (PPN), are widely used analgesics and beta-blockers with the greatest presence in wastewaters and, consequently, in natural waters. The present work evaluated solar light-driven photocatalyst from petrochemical industrial waste (PW) as a strategy for the degradation of three pharmaceuticals in different water matrices (distilled water-DW, simulated wastewater-SWW, and real hospital wastewater-RHWW). All experiments were carried out in a solar photo-reactor with a capacity of 1 L and the experimental condition employed was a catalyst concentration of 350 mg L-1 at pH 5.0; these conditions were selected considering the Doehlert design validation spreadsheet and the desirability function. All materials prepared were conveniently characterized by zeta potential, small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), diffuse reflectance ultraviolet-visible (DRUV), and infrared spectroscopy. According to the results of the characterization, significant differences have been observed between the PW and the photocatalyst such as vibrational modes, optical absorption gap, and acid-basic characteristics on the surface, which suggests the potential use of the photocatalyst in the degradation of contaminants of emerging concern. Based on pharmaceutical degradation, DIP showed the highest photosensitivity (87.5%), and therefore the highest photocatalytic degradation followed by PPN; both compounds achieved final concentrations below the limit of quantification of the chromatographic method in DW. However, PCT was the most recalcitrant pharmaceutical in all matrices. Radicals from chromophoric natural organic matter (NOM) could improve PCT degradation in the SWW matrix (56%). Nevertheless, the results in RHWW showed a matrix effect with decreased the oxidation percentages (DIP-99%; PPN-71%; PCT-17%); hence, the addition of an oxidant such as H2O2 was studied as a pharmaceutical oxidation boost in RHWW. PPN was the molecule most sensitive to this strategy of oxidation (98%). Furthermore, 20 transformation products (TPs) generated throughout the treatment were identified by LC-QTOF MS using a customized TPs database. According to quantitative structure activity relationship (Q)SAR analysis, more than 75% of the TPs identified were not biodegradable. About 35% of them have oral toxicity characteristics indicated by Cramer's rules, and the DIP TPs represent high toxicity for different trophic levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Cuervo Lumbaque
- Instituto de Química-Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Porto Alegre, RS, 91501 - 970, Brazil
| | - Cálita Elis Schweigert
- Instituto de Química-Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Porto Alegre, RS, 91501 - 970, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Oliveira Dos Santos
- Instituto de Química-Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Porto Alegre, RS, 91501 - 970, Brazil
| | - Vladimir Lavayen
- Instituto de Química-Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Porto Alegre, RS, 91501 - 970, Brazil
| | - João Henrique Zimnoch Dos Santos
- Instituto de Química-Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Porto Alegre, RS, 91501 - 970, Brazil
| | - Carla Sirtori
- Instituto de Química-Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Porto Alegre, RS, 91501 - 970, Brazil.
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14
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Friesen S, Hannappel Y, Kakorin S, Hellweg T. Accounting for Cooperativity in the Thermotropic Volume Phase Transition of Smart Microgels. Gels 2021; 7:gels7020042. [PMID: 33918048 PMCID: PMC8167792 DOI: 10.3390/gels7020042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
A full quantitative description of the swelling of smart microgels is still problematic in many cases. The original approach of Flory and Huggins for the monomer–solvent interaction parameter χ cannot be applied to some microgels. The reason for this obviously is that the cross-linking enhances the cooperativity of the volume phase transitions, since all meshes of the network are mechanically coupled. This was ignored in previous approaches, arguing with distinct transition temperatures for different meshes to describe the continuous character of the transition of microgels. Here, we adjust the swelling curves of a series of smart microgels using the Flory–Rehner description, where the polymer–solvent interaction parameter χ is modeled by a Hill-like equation for a cooperative thermotropic transition. This leads to a very good description of all measured microgel swelling curves and yields the physically meaningful Hill parameter ν. A linear decrease of ν is found with increasing concentration of the cross-linker N,N′-methylenebisacrylamide in the microgel particles p(NIPAM), p(NNPAM), and p(NIPMAM). The linearity suggests that the Hill parameter ν corresponds to the number of water molecules per network chain that cooperatively leave the chain at the volume phase transition. Driven by entropy, ν water molecules of the solvate become cooperatively “free” and leave the polymer network.
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15
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Drozdov AD, Christiansen JD. Modulation of the volume phase transition temperature of thermo-responsive gels. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2020; 114:104215. [PMID: 33234497 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2020.104215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Thermo-responsive (TR) gels swell substantially below their volume phase transition temperature Tc and shrink above this temperature. Applications of TR gels in controlled drug delivery and their use as biosensors and temperature-triggered soft actuators require fine tuning of Tc. As the critical temperature is independent of the preparation conditions and molar fractions of monomers and cross-linkers, it is modulated by incorporation of (neutral or ionic) monomers and polymer chains into pre-gel solutions for TR gels. A model is developed for the mechanical response and equilibrium swelling of TR gels. Analytical formulas are derived for the effect of molar fraction of comonomers on the volume phase transition temperature Tc in copolymer gels and gels with semi-interpenetrating networks. Adjustable parameters are found by fitting equilibrium swelling diagrams on poly(N,N-diethylacrylamide) gels. Good agreement is demonstrated between predictions of the model and experimental data.
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Affiliation(s)
- A D Drozdov
- Department of Materials and Production, Aalborg University, Fibigerstraede 16, Aalborg 9220, Denmark.
| | - J deClaville Christiansen
- Department of Materials and Production, Aalborg University, Fibigerstraede 16, Aalborg 9220, Denmark
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16
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Farooqi ZH, Masaud A, Begum R, Irfan A. Physicochemical aspects of reduction of 3-Nitroaniline using methacrylamide based nano-hybrid catalyst. Chem Phys Lett 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2020.137992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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17
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Watanabe T, Nishizawa Y, Minato H, Song C, Murata K, Suzuki D. Hydrophobic Monomers Recognize Microenvironments in Hydrogel Microspheres during Free-Radical-Seeded Emulsion Polymerization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:8849-8853. [PMID: 32232936 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202003493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The three-dimensional structure of nanocomposite microgels was precisely determined by cryo-electron micrography. Several nanocomposite microgels that differ with respect to their nanocomposite structure, which were obtained from seeded emulsion polymerization in the presence of microgels, were used as model nanocomposite materials for cryo-electron micrography. The obtained three-dimensional segmentation images of these nanocomposite microgels provide important insights into the interactions between the hydrophobic monomers and the microgels, that is, hydrophobic styrene monomers recognize molecular-scale differences in polarity within the microgels during the emulsion polymerization. This result led to the formation of unprecedented multi-layered nanocomposite microgels, which promise substantial potential in colloidal applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takumi Watanabe
- Graduate School of Textile Science & Technology, Shinshu University, 3-15-1 Tokida Ueda, Nagano, 386-8567, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Nishizawa
- Graduate School of Textile Science & Technology, Shinshu University, 3-15-1 Tokida Ueda, Nagano, 386-8567, Japan
| | - Haruka Minato
- Graduate School of Textile Science & Technology, Shinshu University, 3-15-1 Tokida Ueda, Nagano, 386-8567, Japan
| | - Chihong Song
- Department National Institute for Physiological Sciences, 38 Nishigonaka, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8585, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Murata
- Department National Institute for Physiological Sciences, 38 Nishigonaka, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8585, Japan
| | - Daisuke Suzuki
- Graduate School of Textile Science & Technology, Shinshu University, 3-15-1 Tokida Ueda, Nagano, 386-8567, Japan.,Research Initiative for Supra-Materials, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research, Shinshu University, 3-15-1 Tokida Ueda, Nagano, 386-8567, Japan
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18
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Watanabe T, Nishizawa Y, Minato H, Song C, Murata K, Suzuki D. Hydrophobic Monomers Recognize Microenvironments in Hydrogel Microspheres during Free‐Radical‐Seeded Emulsion Polymerization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202003493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Takumi Watanabe
- Graduate School of Textile Science & Technology Shinshu University 3-15-1 Tokida Ueda Nagano 386-8567 Japan
| | - Yuichiro Nishizawa
- Graduate School of Textile Science & Technology Shinshu University 3-15-1 Tokida Ueda Nagano 386-8567 Japan
| | - Haruka Minato
- Graduate School of Textile Science & Technology Shinshu University 3-15-1 Tokida Ueda Nagano 386-8567 Japan
| | - Chihong Song
- Department National Institute for Physiological Sciences 38 Nishigonaka Okazaki Aichi 444-8585 Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Murata
- Department National Institute for Physiological Sciences 38 Nishigonaka Okazaki Aichi 444-8585 Japan
| | - Daisuke Suzuki
- Graduate School of Textile Science & Technology Shinshu University 3-15-1 Tokida Ueda Nagano 386-8567 Japan
- Research Initiative for Supra-Materials Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research Shinshu University 3-15-1 Tokida Ueda Nagano 386-8567 Japan
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19
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Siirilä J, Hietala S, Ekholm FS, Tenhu H. Glucose and Maltose Surface-Functionalized Thermoresponsive Poly( N-Vinylcaprolactam) Nanogels. Biomacromolecules 2020; 21:955-965. [PMID: 31917581 PMCID: PMC7497634 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.9b01596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Soft nanoparticles are interesting materials due to their size, deformability, and ability to host guest molecules. Surface properties play an essential role in determining the fate of the particles in biological medium, and coating of the nanoparticles (and polymers) with carbohydrates has been found to be an efficient strategy for increasing their biocompatibility and fine-tuning other important properties such as aqueous solubility. In this work, soft nanogels of poly(N-vinylcaprolactam), PNVCL, were surface-functionalized with different glucose and maltose ligands, and the colloidal properties of the gels were analyzed. The PNVCL nanogels were first prepared via semibatch precipitation polymerization, where a comonomer, propargyl acrylate (PA), was added after preparticle formation. The aim was to synthesize "clickable" nanogels with alkyne groups on their surfaces. The nanogels were then functionalized with two separate azido-glucosides and azido-maltosides (containing different linkers) through a copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAc) click reaction. The glucose and maltose bearing nanogels were thermoresponsive and shrank upon heating. Compared to the PNVCL-PA nanogel, the carbohydrate bearing ones were larger, more hydrophilic, had volume phase transitions at higher temperatures, and were more stable against salt-induced precipitation. In addition to investigating the colloidal properties of the nanogels, the carbohydrate recognition was addressed by studying the interactions with a model lectin, concanavalin A (Con A). The binding efficiency was not affected by the temperature, which indicates that the carbohydrate moieties are located on the gel surfaces, and are capable of interacting with other biomolecules independent of temperature. Thus, the synthesis produces nanogels, which have surface functions capable of biorelevant interactions and a thermoresponsive structure. These types of particles can be used for drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joonas Siirilä
- Department of Chemistry , University of Helsinki , 00014 Helsinki , Finland
| | - Sami Hietala
- Department of Chemistry , University of Helsinki , 00014 Helsinki , Finland
| | - Filip S Ekholm
- Department of Chemistry , University of Helsinki , 00014 Helsinki , Finland
| | - Heikki Tenhu
- Department of Chemistry , University of Helsinki , 00014 Helsinki , Finland
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20
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Tuning the Swelling Properties of Smart Multiresponsive Core-Shell Microgels by Copolymerization. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:polym11081269. [PMID: 31370213 PMCID: PMC6722827 DOI: 10.3390/polym11081269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study focuses on the development of multiresponsive core-shell microgels and the manipulation of their swelling properties by copolymerization of different acrylamides—especially N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM), N-isopropylmethacrylamide (NIPMAM), and NNPAM—and acrylic acid. We use atomic force microscopy for the dry-state characterization of the microgel particles and photon correlation spectroscopy to investigate the swelling behavior at neutral (pH 7) and acidic (pH 4) conditions. A transition between an interpenetrating network structure for microgels with a pure poly-N,n-propylacrylamide (PNNPAM) shell and a distinct core-shell morphology for microgels with a pure poly-N-isopropylmethacrylamide (PNIPMAM) shell is observable. The PNIPMAM molfraction of the shell also has an important influence on the particle rigidity because of the decreasing degree of interpenetration. Furthermore, the swelling behavior of the microgels is tunable by adjustment of the pH-value between a single-step volume phase transition and a linear swelling region at temperatures corresponding to the copolymer ratios of the shell. This flexibility makes the multiresponsive copolymer microgels interesting candidates for many applications, e.g., as membrane material with tunable permeability.
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21
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Su X, Xiao C. Formation and characteristics of starch‐based dual photo‐function composite hydrogel. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.4589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Su
- College of Material Science and EngineeringHuaqiao University Quanzhou 362021 China
| | - Congming Xiao
- College of Material Science and EngineeringHuaqiao University Quanzhou 362021 China
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22
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Gau E, Flecken F, Belthle T, Ambarwati M, Loos K, Pich A. Amylose-Coated Biohybrid Microgels by Phosphorylase-Catalyzed Grafting-From Polymerization. Macromol Rapid Commun 2019; 40:e1900144. [PMID: 31162765 DOI: 10.1002/marc.201900144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Herein, the synthesis of amylose-coated, temperature-responsive poly(N-vinylcaprolactam) (VCL)-based copolymer microgels by enzyme-catalyzed grafting-from polymerization with phosphorylase b from rabbit muscle is reported. The phosphorylase is able to recognize the oligosaccharide maltoheptaose as primer and attach glucose units from the monomer glucose-1-phosphate to it, thereby forming amylose chains while releasing inorganic phosphate. Therefore, to enable the phosphorylase-catalyzed grafting-from polymerization of glucose-1-phosphate from the PVCL-based microgels, the maltoheptaose primer is covalently attached to the microgel in the first synthesis step. This is realized by adding N-(2-aminoethyl)methacrylamide (AEMAA) as a comonomer to the PVCL microgel to integrate primary amino groups and subsequent coupling of maltoheptaonolactone. Both the PVCL/AEMAA microgel as well as the obtained microgel-maltoheptaose construct are characterized in detail by dynamic light scattering, electrophoretic mobility measurements, IR spectroscopy, and atomic force microscopy. From the microgel-maltoheptaose construct, the grafting-from polymerization of glucose-1-phosphate is performed by the addition of phosphorylase b. Atomic force microscopy images clearly demonstrate the formation of an amylose shell around the microgels. The developed amylose-coated microgels open up promising application possibilities, for example, as colloidal scavengers, since amylose helices can serve as host molecules for inclusion of hydrophobic guest molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Gau
- DWI-Leibniz-Institute for Interactive Materials e.V., Forckenbeckstraße 50, 52074, Aachen, Germany.,Functional and Interactive Polymers, Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Franziska Flecken
- DWI-Leibniz-Institute for Interactive Materials e.V., Forckenbeckstraße 50, 52074, Aachen, Germany.,Functional and Interactive Polymers, Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Thomke Belthle
- DWI-Leibniz-Institute for Interactive Materials e.V., Forckenbeckstraße 50, 52074, Aachen, Germany.,Functional and Interactive Polymers, Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Masyitha Ambarwati
- University of Groningen, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macromolecular Chemistry & New Polymeric Materials, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Katja Loos
- University of Groningen, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macromolecular Chemistry & New Polymeric Materials, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Andrij Pich
- DWI-Leibniz-Institute for Interactive Materials e.V., Forckenbeckstraße 50, 52074, Aachen, Germany.,Functional and Interactive Polymers, Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany.,Aachen Maastricht Institute for Biobased Materials (AMIBM), Maastricht University Brightlands Chemelot Campus, Urmonderbaan 22, 6167 RD, Geleen, The Netherlands
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23
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Karg M, Pich A, Hellweg T, Hoare T, Lyon LA, Crassous JJ, Suzuki D, Gumerov RA, Schneider S, Potemkin II, Richtering W. Nanogels and Microgels: From Model Colloids to Applications, Recent Developments, and Future Trends. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:6231-6255. [PMID: 30998365 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b04304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 310] [Impact Index Per Article: 62.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Nanogels and microgels are soft, deformable, and penetrable objects with an internal gel-like structure that is swollen by the dispersing solvent. Their softness and the potential to respond to external stimuli like temperature, pressure, pH, ionic strength, and different analytes make them interesting as soft model systems in fundamental research as well as for a broad range of applications, in particular in the field of biological applications. Recent tremendous developments in their synthesis open access to systems with complex architectures and compositions allowing for tailoring microgels with specific properties. At the same time state-of-the-art theoretical and simulation approaches offer deeper understanding of the behavior and structure of nano- and microgels under external influences and confinement at interfaces or at high volume fractions. Developments in the experimental analysis of nano- and microgels have become particularly important for structural investigations covering a broad range of length scales relevant to the internal structure, the overall size and shape, and interparticle interactions in concentrated samples. Here we provide an overview of the state-of-the-art, recent developments as well as emerging trends in the field of nano- and microgels. The following aspects build the focus of our discussion: tailoring (multi)functionality through synthesis; the role in biological and biomedical applications; the structure and properties as a model system, e.g., for densely packed arrangements in bulk and at interfaces; as well as the theory and computer simulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Karg
- Physical Chemistry I , Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf , 40204 Duesseldorf , Germany
| | - Andrij Pich
- DWI-Leibnitz-Institute for Interactive Materials e.V. , 52056 Aachen , Germany
- Functional and Interactive Polymers, Institute for Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry , RWTH Aachen University , 52056 Aachen , Germany
| | - Thomas Hellweg
- Physical and Biophysical Chemistry , Bielefeld University , 33615 Bielefeld , Germany
| | - Todd Hoare
- Department of Chemical Engineering , McMaster University , Hamilton , Ontario L8S 4L8 , Canada
| | - L Andrew Lyon
- Schmid College of Science and Technology , Chapman University , Orange , California 92866 , United States
| | - J J Crassous
- Institute of Physical Chemistry , RWTH Aachen University , 52056 Aachen , Germany
| | | | - Rustam A Gumerov
- DWI-Leibnitz-Institute for Interactive Materials e.V. , 52056 Aachen , Germany
- Physics Department , Lomonosov Moscow State University , Moscow 119991 , Russian Federation
| | - Stefanie Schneider
- Institute of Physical Chemistry , RWTH Aachen University , 52056 Aachen , Germany
| | - Igor I Potemkin
- DWI-Leibnitz-Institute for Interactive Materials e.V. , 52056 Aachen , Germany
- Physics Department , Lomonosov Moscow State University , Moscow 119991 , Russian Federation
- National Research South Ural State University , Chelyabinsk 454080 , Russian Federation
| | - Walter Richtering
- Institute of Physical Chemistry , RWTH Aachen University , 52056 Aachen , Germany
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