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Yonenuma R, Mori H. RAFT-synthesis and self-assembly-induced emission of pendant diphenylalanine-tetraphenylethylene copolymers. SOFT MATTER 2023; 19:8403-8412. [PMID: 37877167 DOI: 10.1039/d3sm00988b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
Manipulation of the properties of aggregation-induced emission luminogens (AIEgens) by combining self-assembling motifs has attracted significant interest as a promising approach to developing various advanced materials. In this study, pendant diphenylalanine-tetraphenylethylene (TPE) copolymers exhibiting the ability for self-assembly and AIE properties were synthesized via reversible addition-fragmentation chain-transfer (RAFT) copolymerization. The resulting anionic and non-ionic amphiphilic copolymers with a carbon-carbon main chain bearing diphenylalanine-TPE through-space interactions self-assembled into nanorods and nanofibers, showing blue emissions originating from the aggregation of TPE side chains in the assembled structures. Suitable tuning of the comonomer composition, monomer structure, and environmental conditions (e.g., solvent polarity) enables manipulation of the self-assembled structures, AIE properties, and aggregation-induced circular dichroism by achiral TPE units via through-space interactions with diphenylalanine moieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Yonenuma
- Department of Organic Materials Science, Graduate School of Organic Materials Science, Yamagata University, 4-3-16, Jonan, Yonezawa City, Yamagata Prefecture 992-8510, Japan.
| | - Hideharu Mori
- Department of Organic Materials Science, Graduate School of Organic Materials Science, Yamagata University, 4-3-16, Jonan, Yonezawa City, Yamagata Prefecture 992-8510, Japan.
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Yonenuma R, Mori H. Synthesis and self-assembly of a diphenylalanine–tetraphenylethylene hybrid monomer and RAFT polymers with aggregation-induced emission. Polym Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1039/d2py01602h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
A hybrid monomer consisting of diphenylalanine with the self-assembling ability and tetraphenylethylene with aggregation-induced emission properties was synthesized and employed for reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer polymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Yonenuma
- Department of Organic Material Science, Graduate School of Organic Materials Science, Yamagata University, 4-3-16, Jonan, Yonezawa City, Yamagata Prefecture 992-8510, Japan
| | - Hideharu Mori
- Department of Organic Material Science, Graduate School of Organic Materials Science, Yamagata University, 4-3-16, Jonan, Yonezawa City, Yamagata Prefecture 992-8510, Japan
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Pandey NK, Xiong W, Wang L, Chen W, Bui B, Yang J, Amador E, Chen M, Xing C, Athavale AA, Hao Y, Feizi W, Lumata L. Aggregation-induced emission luminogens for highly effective microwave dynamic therapy. Bioact Mater 2022; 7:112-125. [PMID: 34466721 PMCID: PMC8379457 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Aggregation-induced emission luminogens (AIEgens) exhibit efficient cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation capability and unique light-up features in the aggregated state, which have been well explored in image-guided photodynamic therapy (PDT). However, the limited penetration depth of light in tissue severely hinders AIEgens as a candidate for primary or adjunctive therapy for clinical applications. Coincidentally, microwaves (MWs) show a distinct advantage for deeper penetration depth in tissues than light. Herein, for the first time, we report AIEgen-mediated microwave dynamic therapy (MWDT) for cancer treatment. We found that two AIEgens (TPEPy-I and TPEPy-PF6) served as a new type of microwave (MW) sensitizers to produce ROS, including singlet oxygen (1O2), resulting in efficient destructions of cancer cells. The results of 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and live/dead assays reveal that the two AIEgens when activated by MW irradiation can effectively kill cancer cells with average IC-50 values of 2.73 and 3.22 μM, respectively. Overall, the ability of the two AIEgens to be activated by MW not only overcomes the limitations of conventional PDT, but also helps to improve existing MW ablation therapy by reducing the MW dose required to achieve the same therapeutic outcome, thus reducing the occurrence of side-effects of MW radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nil Kanatha Pandey
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
| | - Wei Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Lingyun Wang
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
| | - Brian Bui
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
| | - Jian Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Eric Amador
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
| | - Mingli Chen
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Box 332, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Christina Xing
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
| | - Aseem Atul Athavale
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
| | - Yaowu Hao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
| | - Wirya Feizi
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, TX 75080, USA
| | - Lloyd Lumata
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, TX 75080, USA
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Albano G, Pescitelli G, Di Bari L. Chiroptical Properties in Thin Films of π-Conjugated Systems. Chem Rev 2020; 120:10145-10243. [PMID: 32892619 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 239] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Chiral π-conjugated molecules provide new materials with outstanding features for current and perspective applications, especially in the field of optoelectronic devices. In thin films, processes such as charge conduction, light absorption, and emission are governed not only by the structure of the individual molecules but also by their supramolecular structures and intermolecular interactions to a large extent. Electronic circular dichroism, ECD, and its emission counterpart, circularly polarized luminescence, CPL, provide tools for studying aggregated states and the key properties to be sought for designing innovative devices. In this review, we shall present a comprehensive coverage of chiroptical properties measured on thin films of organic π-conjugated molecules. In the first part, we shall discuss some general concepts of ECD, CPL, and other chiroptical spectroscopies, with a focus on their applications to thin film samples. In the following, we will overview the existing literature on chiral π-conjugated systems whose thin films have been characterized by ECD and/or CPL, as well other chiroptical spectroscopies. Special emphasis will be put on systems with large dissymmetry factors (gabs and glum) and on the application of ECD and CPL to derive structural information on aggregated states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluigi Albano
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, Via Giuseppe Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Gennaro Pescitelli
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, Via Giuseppe Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Di Bari
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, Via Giuseppe Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy
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Hu M, Feng HT, Yuan YX, Zheng YS, Tang BZ. Chiral AIEgens – Chiral recognition, CPL materials and other chiral applications. Coord Chem Rev 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2020.213329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Liu Z, Jiang Y, Jiang J, Zhai D, Wang D, Liu M. Self-assembly of isomeric naphthalene appended glucono derivatives: nanofibers and nanotwists with circularly polarized luminescence emission. SOFT MATTER 2020; 16:4115-4120. [PMID: 32195501 DOI: 10.1039/c9sm02542a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Two isomeric naphthalene appended glucono derivatives substituted at the 1 or 2-naphthyl positions (Nap-1 and Nap-2) were designed and their self-assembly behaviors and optical properties were investigated. Nap-1 and Nap-2 were found to self-assemble into nanofibers and nanotwists, respectively. While the molecular chirality of the glucono moiety could not be effectively transferred to the naphthalene moiety in the Nap-1 system, this was achieved in the Nap-2 assembly. Thus, the Nap-2 assembly showed obvious circular dichroism (CD) and circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) signals. From the XRD patterns and IR spectra of the supramolecular assemblies, it was found that Nap-2 packed in a more orderly fashion than Nap-1, leading to a hierarchical assembly forming nanotwist structures. Moreover, a light-harvesting system based on Nap-2 supramolecular gels and dyes was established, in which an efficient energy transfer was demonstrated from Nap-2 to an acceptor Eosin Y. It was further found that both chirality and energy transfer enhanced the dissymmetry factor of Eosin Y CPL emission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongwen Liu
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, Jiangsu, P. R. China.
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Qin M, Xu Y, Gao H, Han G, Cao R, Guo P, Feng W, Chen L. Tetraphenylethylene@Graphene Oxide with Switchable Fluorescence Triggered by Mixed Solvents for the Application of Repeated Information Encryption and Decryption. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:35255-35263. [PMID: 31474104 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b12421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Aggregation-induced emission (AIE) materials present unique solid-state fluorescence. However, there remains a challenge in the switching of fluorescence quenching/emitting of AIE materials, limiting the application in information encryption. Herein, we report a composite of tetraphenylethylene@graphene oxide (TPE@GO) with switchable microstructure and fluorescence. We choose GO as a fluorescence quencher to control the fluorescence of TPE by controlling the aggregation structure. First, TPE coating with an average thickness of about 31 nm was deposited at the GO layer surface, which is the critical thickness at which the fluorescence can be largely quenched because of the fluorescence resonance energy transfer. After spraying a mixed solvent (good and poor solvents of TPE) on TPE@GO, a blue fluorescence of TPE was emitted during the drying process. During the treatment of mixed solvents, the planar TPE coating was dissolved in THF first and then the TPE molecules aggregated into nanoparticles (an average diameter of 65 nm) in H2O during the volatilization of THF. We found that the fluorescence switching of the composite is closely related to the microstructural change of TPE between planar and granular structures, which can make the upper TPE molecules in and out of the effective quenching region of GO. This composite, along with the treatment method, was used as an invisible ink in repeated information encryption and decryption. Our work not only provides a simple strategy to switch the fluorescence of solid-state fluorescent materials but also demonstrates the potential for obtaining diverse material structures through compound solvent treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Qin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Tianjin University of Technology , Tianjin 300384 , P. R. China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Photoelectric Display Materials and Devices , Tianjin 300384 , China
- Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Display Materials and Devices , Ministry of Education , Tianjin 300384 , P. R. China
| | - Yuxiao Xu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Tianjin University of Technology , Tianjin 300384 , P. R. China
| | - H Gao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Tianjin University of Technology , Tianjin 300384 , P. R. China
| | - Guoying Han
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Tianjin University of Technology , Tianjin 300384 , P. R. China
| | - Rong Cao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Tianjin University of Technology , Tianjin 300384 , P. R. China
| | - Peili Guo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Tianjin University of Technology , Tianjin 300384 , P. R. China
| | - Wei Feng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Tianjin University , Tianjin 300072 , P. R. China
| | - Li Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Tianjin University of Technology , Tianjin 300384 , P. R. China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Photoelectric Display Materials and Devices , Tianjin 300384 , China
- Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Display Materials and Devices , Ministry of Education , Tianjin 300384 , P. R. China
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