1
|
Sun W, Wang ZX, Guo Y, Li C, Gao G, Wu FG. Iodine/soluble starch cryogel: An iodine-based antiseptic with instant water-solubility, improved stability, and potent bactericidal activity. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 340:122217. [PMID: 38857997 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.122217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Iodine (I2) as a broad-spectrum antiseptic has been widely used for treating bacterial infections. However, I2 has low water-solubility and sublimes under ambient conditions, which limits its practical antibacterial applications. The highly specific and sensitive reaction between I2 and starch discovered 200 years ago has been extensively applied in analytical chemistry, but the antibacterial activity of the I2-starch complex is rarely investigated. Herein, we develop a novel type of iodine-based antiseptics, iodine-soluble starch (I2-SS) cryogel, which can dissolve in water instantly and almost completely kill bacteria in 10 min at 2 μg/mL of I2. Although KI3 and the commercially available povidone‑iodine (I2-PVP) solutions show similar antibacterial efficacy, the high affinity of I2 to SS largely enhances the shelf stability of the I2-SS solution with ∼73 % I2 left after one-week storage at room temperature. In sharp contrast, ∼8.5 % and ∼2.5 % I2 are detected in KI3 and I2-PVP solutions, respectively. Mechanistic study reveals that the potent antibacterial effect of I2-SS originates from its attack on multiple bacterial targets. The outstanding antibacterial activity, capability of accelerating wound healing, and good biocompatibility of I2-SS are verified through further in vivo experiments. This work may promote the development of next-generation iodine-based antiseptics for clinical use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, 2 Southeast University Road, Nanjing 211189, PR China; Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 N. University Ave., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - Zi-Xi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, 2 Southeast University Road, Nanjing 211189, PR China
| | - Yuxin Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, 2 Southeast University Road, Nanjing 211189, PR China
| | - Chengcheng Li
- International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials and Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, PR China
| | - Ge Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, 2 Southeast University Road, Nanjing 211189, PR China
| | - Fu-Gen Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, 2 Southeast University Road, Nanjing 211189, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Xing H, Peng H, Yang Y, Lv K, Zhou S, Pan X, Wang J, Hu Y, Li G, Ma D. Nitric oxide synergizes minoxidil delivered by transdermal hyaluronic acid liposomes for multimodal androgenetic-alopecia therapy. Bioact Mater 2024; 32:190-205. [PMID: 37859688 PMCID: PMC10582348 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2023.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is a common clinical condition, affecting over 200 million people globally each year. For decades, Minoxidil (Mi) tincture has been the primary treatment for this disease, but its low utilization rate and significant side effects necessitate new therapeutic strategies. Nitric oxide (NO) is a signaling molecule in various physiological processes, including vasodilation, immune responses, and cell proliferation. Herein, we constructed a hyaluronic acid liposome (HL) complex as a novel transdermal delivery system (HL@Mi/NONOate) for NO and Mi, which displayed promising transdermal and hair-regrowth effects. In-depth mechanistic studies revealed three potential pathways of the synergistic AGA therapy. First, NO promoted capillary dilation and accelerated blood flow, thus achieving efficient penetration of Mi. Due to the structural advantage of liposomes, the residence time of the Mi in the skin was prolonged. Moreover, HL@Mi/NONOate promoted cell proliferation and angiogenesis, and upregulated the expression of regulatory factors involved in follicle stem cell differentiation. In the AGA model, HL@Mi/NONOate down-regulated the expression of inflammatory factors, inhibiting the inflammation of follicle and improving the microenvironment of hair regrowth. Concurrently, HL@Mi/NONOate upregulated the expression of Ki67 and PCNA proteins in follicle tissues, inducing follicle regeneration and development, ultimately achieving the synergistic multimodal AGA therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Xing
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
- Key Laboratory of Biomaterials of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Huanqi Peng
- Key Laboratory of Biomaterials of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Yuhui Yang
- Key Laboratory of Biomaterials of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Kai Lv
- Key Laboratory of Biomaterials of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Shihao Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Biomaterials of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Xiangjun Pan
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Jianjin Wang
- Honest Medical China Co., Ltd, Zhuhai, 519000, China
| | - Yunfeng Hu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Guowei Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET/CT-MRI Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Dong Ma
- Key Laboratory of Biomaterials of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Chen M, Lu Z, Li M, Jiang B, Liu S, Li Y, Zhang B, Li X, Yi T, Zhang D. Near-Infrared Emissive Cascaded Artificial Light-Harvesting System with Enhanced Antibacterial Efficiency. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2300377. [PMID: 37122070 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202300377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Combination of platinum(II) metallacycles and photodynamic inactivation presents a promising antibacterial strategy. Herein, a cascaded artificial light-capturing system is developed in which an aggregation-induced emission-active platinum(II) metallacycle (PtTPEM) is utilized as the antenna, sulforhodamine 101 (SR101) as a key conveyor, and the near-infrared emissive photosensitizer Chlorin-e6 (Ce6) as the final energy acceptor. The well-dispersed Ce6 in the proximity of energy donors not only avoids self-quenching in the physiological environment but also contributes to energy transfer from donor to acceptor, thereby significantly improving the 1 O2 generation ability of the light-harvesting system under white light irradiation. By integrating the platinum(II) metallacycle and 1 O2 , a more efficient synergistic antibacterial effect is achieved at low concentrations, along with a significant decrease in dark toxicity caused by PtTPEM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maowen Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, P. R. China
| | - Zhenni Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, P. R. China
| | - Man Li
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, P. R. China
| | - Bei Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, P. R. China
| | - Senkun Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, P. R. China
| | - Yinuo Li
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, P. R. China
| | - Bangrui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, P. R. China
| | - Xianying Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, P. R. China
| | - Tao Yi
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, P. R. China
| | - Dengqing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Antibacterial gas therapy: Strategies, advances, and prospects. Bioact Mater 2023; 23:129-155. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2022.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
|
5
|
Gnanasekar S, Kasi G, He X, Zhang K, Xu L, Kang ET. Recent advances in engineered polymeric materials for efficient photodynamic inactivation of bacterial pathogens. Bioact Mater 2023; 21:157-174. [PMID: 36093325 PMCID: PMC9421094 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2022.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, infectious diseases persist as a global crisis by causing significant destruction to public health and the economic stability of countries worldwide. Especially bacterial infections remain a most severe concern due to the prevalence and emergence of multi-drug resistance (MDR) and limitations with existing therapeutic options. Antibacterial photodynamic therapy (APDT) is a potential therapeutic modality that involves the systematic administration of photosensitizers (PSs), light, and molecular oxygen (O2) for coping with bacterial infections. Although the existing porphyrin and non-porphyrin PSs were effective in APDT, the poor solubility, limited efficacy against Gram-negative bacteria, and non-specific distribution hinder their clinical applications. Accordingly, to promote the efficiency of conventional PSs, various polymer-driven modification and functionalization strategies have been adopted to engineer multifunctional hybrid phototherapeutics. This review assesses recent advancements and state-of-the-art research in polymer-PSs hybrid materials developed for APDT applications. Further, the key research findings of the following aspects are considered in-depth with constructive discussions: i) PSs-integrated/functionalized polymeric composites through various molecular interactions; ii) PSs-deposited coatings on different substrates and devices to eliminate healthcare-associated infections; and iii) PSs-embedded films, scaffolds, and hydrogels for regenerative medicine applications. Synthetic strategies of engineered polymer-based hybrid materials integrated with photosensitizers for APDT. Utilization of photosensitizer-incorporated polymeric materials in health care applications. Challenges and opportunities in the future development of polymeric biomaterials with improved photo-bactericidal properties.
Collapse
|
6
|
Recent progress in multifunctional conjugated polymer nanomaterial-based synergistic combination phototherapy for microbial infection theranostics. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
7
|
Photo-Stimuli-Responsive CuS Nanomaterials as Cutting-Edge Platform Materials for Antibacterial Applications. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14112343. [PMID: 36365161 PMCID: PMC9693063 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14112343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Photo-stimuli-responsive therapeutic nanomaterials have gained widespread attention as frontline materials for biomedical applications. The photoactivation strategies are classified as single-modality (based on either reactive oxygen species (ROS)-based photodynamic therapy (PDT), hyperthermia-based photothermal therapy (PTT)), or dual-modality (which combines PDT and PTT). Due to its minimal invasiveness, phototherapy has been extensively applied as an efficient therapeutic platform for many diseases, including skin cancers. However, extensive implementation of phototherapy to address the emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacterial infections remains challenging. This review focuses on copper sulfide (CuS) nanomaterials as efficient and cost-effective PDT and PTT therapeutic nanomaterials with antibacterial activity. The features and merits of CuS nanomaterials as therapeutics are compared to those of other nanomaterials. Control of the dimensions and morphological complexity of CuS nanomaterials through judicious synthesis is then introduced. Both the in vitro antibacterial activity and the in vivo therapeutic effect of CuS nanomaterials and derivative nanocomposites composed of 2D nanomaterials, polymers, metals, metal oxides, and proteins are described in detail. Finally, the perspective of photo-stimuli-responsive CuS nanomaterials for future clinical antibacterial applications is highlighted. This review illustrates that CuS nanomaterials are highly effective, low-toxic, and environmentally friendly antibacterial agents or platform nanomaterials for combatting MDR bacterial infections.
Collapse
|
8
|
Mou C, Wang X, Liu Y, Xie Z, Zheng M. Positively charged BODIPY@carbon dot nanocomposites for enhanced photomicrobicidal efficacy and wound healing. J Mater Chem B 2022; 10:8094-8099. [PMID: 36128983 DOI: 10.1039/d2tb01539k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Even with advances in diverse antibiotics, bacterial infectious diseases with high mortality and morbidity still seriously endanger human health, which spurs the development of alternative antiseptic and therapeutic strategies for combatting bacteria. Antimicrobial photodynamic inactivation (aPDI) has emerged as an effective treatment protocol for different types of infection. Moreover, the risk from Gram-positive organisms cannot be overlooked. In the present work, fluoroborondipyrrole (BODIPY) was assembled with cationic and anionic carbon dots (CDs) to construct positively charged (termed p-BDP) and negatively charged (termed n-BDP) nanophotosensitizers. Compared with n-BDP, p-BDP showed a stronger photoinactivation activity against Staphylococcus aureus, and its minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) was as low as 128 ng mL-1. In addition, p-BDP could act as a more efficacious wound dressing to accelerate the healing of S. aureus infections. This work opens up alternative thinking for the design of highly effective nanobactericides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chengjian Mou
- School of Chemistry and Life Science, Advanced Institute of Materials Science, Changchun University of Technology, 2055 Yanan Street, Changchun, Jilin 130012, P. R. China.
| | - Xinyuan Wang
- School of Chemistry and Life Science, Advanced Institute of Materials Science, Changchun University of Technology, 2055 Yanan Street, Changchun, Jilin 130012, P. R. China.
| | - Yanchao Liu
- School of Chemistry and Life Science, Advanced Institute of Materials Science, Changchun University of Technology, 2055 Yanan Street, Changchun, Jilin 130012, P. R. China.
| | - Zhigang Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun, Jilin 130022, P. R. China
| | - Min Zheng
- School of Chemistry and Life Science, Advanced Institute of Materials Science, Changchun University of Technology, 2055 Yanan Street, Changchun, Jilin 130012, P. R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Zhang Y, Li P, Su R, Wen F, Jia Z, Lv Y, Cai J, Su W. Curcumin-loaded multifunctional chitosan gold nanoparticles: An enhanced PDT/PTT dual-modal phototherapeutic and pH-responsive antimicrobial agent. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2022; 39:103011. [PMID: 35820632 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2022.103011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Overuse of antibiotics has led to the emergence of multidrug resistant (MDR) bacteria.. Photothermal (PTT) and photodynamic therapy (PDT) have may be effective alternatives for antibiotics in the treatment of bacterial infections. In this study, based on chitosan (CS)-coated gold nanoparticles, a pH stimulus-responsive drug delivery system was developed, which can anchor to the cell membrane for photodynamic therapy and photothermal therapy, and enhance the therapeutic potential of curcumin (Cur). Release experiments showed that AuNPs/CS-Cur nanocomposites released curcumin in a pH-dependent manner, which may facilitate the drug to be delivered to the acidic bacterial infection environment. CS as the outer layer covered on gold nanoparticles could improve the dispersibility of Cur in aqueous solution, gold nanoparticles prevent rapid photobleaching of curcumin, thus ensuring the yield of singlet oxygen under irradiation, and enhance the electrostatic binding with bacteria cell membrane. Under light conditions, AuNPs/CS-Cur can produce a large amount of reactive oxygen species and heat to kill S. aureus and E. coli. Compared with free Cur-mediated PDT, the complex significantly improved the synergistic PTT/PDT photoinactivation ability against S. aureus and E. coli. In addition, AuNPs/CS-Cur had good biocompatibility. Therefore, AuNPs/CS-Cur possessed the characteristics of electrostatic targeting, photodynamic and photothermal antibacterial therapy, which would become an efficient and safe antibacterial nano-platform and provide new ideas for the treatment of bacterial infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Peiyuan Li
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China.
| | - Rixiang Su
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Fangzhou Wen
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Zhiruo Jia
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China.
| | - Yingbin Lv
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Jinyun Cai
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Wei Su
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Polymer Chemistry and Physics, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, P. R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Sun J, Peng W, Fan B, Gan D, Li L, Liu P, Shen J. Tertiary amines convert 1O 2 to H 2O 2 with enhanced photodynamic antibacterial efficiency. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 435:128948. [PMID: 35468396 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.128948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Photodynamic inactivation (PDI) is a promising approach to combat the increasing global multi-drug resistance crisis. However, the very short half-life of 1O2 and the inevitable photobleaching of photosensitizer (PS) are the inherent drawbacks that largely compromise its therapeutic efficiency. Here, we report a ROS conversion strategy that simultaneously addresses these issues. Based on a photodynamic model system where riboflavin (RF) served as the PS, we have clearly shown that about 93.2% of 1O2 could be converted to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in the presence of tertiary amine. The less reactivity of H2O2 (v.s.1O2) could retard the photobleaching of riboflavin by 88.9%. Orders of magnitude extended half-life of ROS (H2O2v.s.1O2) and retarded photobleaching of RF synergistically provide a more persistent oxidization that increased the oxidation capacity of the photodynamic model system by 56.6%. Consequently, it is able to improve the therapeutic efficiencies from 89.6% to 99.1% in combating methicillinresistant S. aureus (MRSA) and from 64.0% to 92.0% in eradicating S. aureus biofilm on biomaterials within a 5-min simulated sunlight illumination. The reinforced photodynamic model system could also significantly accelerate the healing & maturing of MRSA infected skin wound as compared to that of clinically used vancomycin. The generality of "ROS conversion" among different amines and different photosensitizers have been verified. These findings may inspire many creative approaches to increase the antibacterial efficiency of current photodynamic treatments for diverse applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Sun
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bio-functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Wan Peng
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bio-functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Birong Fan
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bio-functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Donglin Gan
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bio-functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Li Li
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bio-functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Pingsheng Liu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bio-functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Jiangsu 210023, China.
| | - Jian Shen
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bio-functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Jiangsu 210023, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Wang ZX, Wang Z, Wu FG. Carbon Dots as Drug Delivery Vehicles for Antimicrobial Applications: A Minireview. ChemMedChem 2022; 17:e202200003. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202200003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Xi Wang
- Southeast University School of Biological Sciences and Medical Engineering CHINA
| | - Zihao Wang
- Southeast University School of Biological Sciences and Medical Engineering CHINA
| | - Fu-Gen Wu
- Southeast University School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering 2 Sipailou Road 210096 Nanjing CHINA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Chen F, Luo Y, Liu X, Zheng Y, Han Y, Yang D, Wu S. 2D Molybdenum Sulfide-Based Materials for Photo-Excited Antibacterial Application. Adv Healthc Mater 2022; 11:e2200360. [PMID: 35385610 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202200360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial infections have seriously threatened human health and the abuse of natural or artificial antibiotics leads to bacterial resistance, so development of a new generation of antibacterial agents and treatment methods is urgent. 2D molybdenum sulfide (MoS2 ) has good biocompatibility, high specific surface area to facilitate surface modification and drug loading, adjustable energy bandgap, and high near-infrared photothermal conversion efficiency (PCE), so it is often used for antibacterial application through its photothermal or photodynamic effects. This review comprehensively summarizes and discusses the fabrication processes, structural characteristics, antibacterial performance, and the corresponding mechanisms of MoS2 -based materials as well as their representative antibacterial applications. In addition, the outlooks on the remaining challenges that should be addressed in the field of MoS2 are also proposed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fangqian Chen
- Biomedical Materials Engineering Research Center Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials Co‐constructed by the Province and Ministry Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Ministry‐of‐Education Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials School of Materials Science and Engineering Hubei University Wuhan 430062 China
| | - Yue Luo
- Biomedical Materials Engineering Research Center Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials Co‐constructed by the Province and Ministry Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Ministry‐of‐Education Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials School of Materials Science and Engineering Hubei University Wuhan 430062 China
| | - Xiangmei Liu
- Biomedical Materials Engineering Research Center Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials Co‐constructed by the Province and Ministry Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Ministry‐of‐Education Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials School of Materials Science and Engineering Hubei University Wuhan 430062 China
| | - Yufeng Zheng
- School of Materials Science & Engineering Peking University Beijing 100871 China
| | - Yong Han
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials School of Materials Science and Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an Shanxi 710049 China
| | - Dapeng Yang
- College of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Quanzhou Normal University Quanzhou Fujian Province 362000 China
| | - Shuilin Wu
- School of Materials Science & Engineering Peking University Beijing 100871 China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Guo N, Xia Y, Zeng W, Chen J, Wu Q, Shi Y, Li G, Huang Z, Wang G, Liu Y. Alginate-based aerogels as wound dressings for efficient bacterial capture and enhanced antibacterial photodynamic therapy. Drug Deliv 2022; 29:1086-1099. [PMID: 35373683 PMCID: PMC9048949 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2022.2058650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of novel wound dressings, such as aerogels, with rapid hemostasis and bactericidal capacities for pre-hospital care is necessary. To prevent the occurrence of bacterial resistance, antibacterial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) with broad-spectrum antibacterial ability and negligible bacterial resistance has been intensively studied. However, photosensitizers often suffer from poor water solubility, short singlet oxygen (1O2) half-life and restricted 1O2 diffusion distance. Herein, sodium alginate was covalently modified by photosensitizers and phenylboronic acid, and cross-linked by Ca(II) ions to generate SA@TPAPP@PBA aerogel after lyophilization as an antibacterial photodynamic wound dressing. Afterwards, its photodynamic and bacterial capture activities were intensively evaluated. Furthermore, its hemostasis and bactericidal efficiency against Staphylococcus aureus were assessed via in vitro and in vivo assays. First, chemical immobilization of photosensitizers led to an enhancement of its solubility. Moreover, it showed an excellent hemostasis capacity. Due to the formation of reversible covalent bonds between phenylboronic acid and diol groups on bacterial cell surface, the aerogel could capture S. aureus tightly and dramatically enhance aPDT. To sum up, the prepared aerogel illustrated excellent hemostasis capacity and antibacterial ability against S. aureus. Therefore, they have great potential to be utilized as wound dressing in clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ning Guo
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Yu Xia
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Weishen Zeng
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Jia Chen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Quanxin Wu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Yaxin Shi
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Guoying Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Zhuoyi Huang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Guanhai Wang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Yun Liu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China.,The Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Guangdong, Zhanjiang, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Eshaghi Gorji M, Li D. Photoinactivation of bacteriophage MS2, Tulane virus and Vibrio parahaemolyticus in oysters by microencapsulated rose bengal. FOOD QUALITY AND SAFETY 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/fqsafe/fyac017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
Bivalve molluscan shellfish such as oysters are important vectors for the transmission of foodborne pathogens including both viruses and bacteria. Photoinactivation provides a cold-sterilization option against the contamination as excited photosensitizers could transfer electronic energy to oxygen molecules producing reactive oxygen species such as singlet oxygen, leading to oxidative damage and death of the pathogens. However, the efficacy of photoinactivation is very often compromised by the presence of food matrix due to the non-selective reactions of short-lived singlet oxygen with the organic matters other than the target pathogens.
Materials and Methods
In order to address this issue, we encapsulated a food grade photosensitizer rose bengal (RB) in alginate microbeads. An extra coating of chitosan effectively prevented the release of RB from the microbeads in seawater, and more importantly, enhanced the selectivity of the photoinactivation via the electrostatic interactions between cationic chitosan and anionic charge of the virus particles (bacteriophage MS2 and Tulane virus) and the gram-negative bacteria Vibrio parahaemolyticus.
Results
The treatment of oysters with microencapsulated RB resulted in significantly higher reductions of MS2 phage, Tulane virus and V. parahaemolyticus than free RB and non-RB carrying microbeads (P < 0.05) tested with both in vitro and in vivo experimental set-ups. (4)
Conclusions
This study demonstrated a new strategy in delivering comprehensively formulated biochemical sanitizers in bivalve shellfish through their natural filter feeding activity and thereby enhancing the mitigation efficiency of foodborne pathogen contamination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad Eshaghi Gorji
- Department of Food Science & Technology, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Food Science & Technology, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Yu XW, Liu X, Jiang YW, Li YH, Gao G, Zhu YX, Lin F, Wu FG. Rose Bengal-Derived Ultrabright Sulfur-Doped Carbon Dots for Fast Discrimination between Live and Dead Cells. Anal Chem 2022; 94:4243-4251. [PMID: 35235297 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c04658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The discrimination between dead and live cells is crucial for cell viability evaluation. Carbon dots (CDs), with advantages like simple and cost-effective synthesis, excellent biocompatibility, and high photostability, have shown potential for realizing selective live/dead cell staining. However, most of the developed CDs with the live/dead cell discrimination capacity usually have low photoluminescence quantum yields (PLQYs) and excitation wavelength-dependent fluorescence emission (which can cause fluorescence overlap with other fluorescent probes and make dual-color live/dead staining impossible), and hence, developing ultrabright CDs with excitation wavelength-independent fluorescence emission property for live/dead cell discrimination becomes an important task. Here, using a one-pot hydrothermal method, we prepared ultrasmall (∼1.6 nm), ultrabright (PLQY: ∼78%), and excitation wavelength-independent sulfur-doped carbon dots (termed S-CDs) using rose bengal and 1,4-dimercaptobenzene as raw materials and demonstrated that the S-CDs could rapidly (∼5 min) and accurately distinguish dead cells from live ones for almost all the cell types including bacterial, fungal, and animal cells in a wash-free manner. We confirmed that the S-CDs could rapidly pass through the dead cell surfaces to enter the interior of the dead cells, thus visualizing these dead cells. In contrast, the S-CDs could not enter the interior of live cells and thus could not stain these live cells. We further verified that the S-CDs presented better biocompatibility and higher photostability than the commercial live/dead staining dye propidium iodide, ensuring its bright application prospect in cell imaging and cell viability assessment. Overall, this work develops a type of CDs capable of realizing the live/dead cell discrimination of almost all the cell types (bacterial, fungal, and animal cells), which has seldom been achieved by other fluorescent nanoprobes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Wang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou Road, Nanjing 210096, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou Road, Nanjing 210096, P. R. China
| | - Yao-Wen Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou Road, Nanjing 210096, P. R. China
| | - Yan-Hong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou Road, Nanjing 210096, P. R. China
| | - Ge Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou Road, Nanjing 210096, P. R. China
| | - Ya-Xuan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou Road, Nanjing 210096, P. R. China
| | - Fengming Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou Road, Nanjing 210096, P. R. China
| | - Fu-Gen Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou Road, Nanjing 210096, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Vera C, Gallucci MN, Marioni J, Sosa Morales MC, Martino DM, Nuñez Montoya S, Borsarelli CD. "On-Demand" Antimicrobial Photodynamic Activity through Supramolecular Photosensitizers Built with Rose Bengal and ( p-Vinylbenzyl)triethylammomium Polycation Derivatives. Bioconjug Chem 2022; 33:463-472. [PMID: 35138087 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.1c00596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The antimicrobial photodynamic activity (aPDA) in fungal and bacterial strains of supramolecular adducts formed between the anionic photosensitizer (PS) Rose Bengal (RB2-) and aromatic polycations derived from (p-vinylbenzyl)triethylammonium chloride was evaluated. Stable supramolecular adducts with dissociation constants Kd ≈ 5 μM showed photosensitizing properties suitable for generating singlet oxygen (ΦΔ = 0.5 ± 0.1) with the added advantage of improving the photostability of the xanthenic dye. However, the aPDA of both free and supramolecular RB2- was highly dependent on the type of microorganism treated, indicating the importance of specific interactions between the different cell wall structures of the microbe and the PSs. Indeed, in the case of Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus, the aPDA of molecular and supramolecular PSs was highly effective. Instead, in the case of Gram-negative Escherichia coli, only the RB2-:polycation adducts showed aPDA, while RB2- alone was inefficient, but in the case of Candida tropicalis, the opposite behavior was observed. Therefore, the present results indicate the potential of supramolecular chemistry to obtain aPDA à la carte depending on the target microbe and the PS properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Vera
- Instituto de Bionanotecnolgía del NOA (INBIONATEC), CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Santiago del Estero (UNSE), RN9, km 1125, Santiago del Estero G4206XCP, Argentina
| | - Mauro N Gallucci
- Instituto de Bionanotecnolgía del NOA (INBIONATEC), CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Santiago del Estero (UNSE), RN9, km 1125, Santiago del Estero G4206XCP, Argentina
| | - Juliana Marioni
- CONICET, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV), Cordoba X5000HUA, Argentina
| | - Marcelo C Sosa Morales
- Instituto de Bionanotecnolgía del NOA (INBIONATEC), CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Santiago del Estero (UNSE), RN9, km 1125, Santiago del Estero G4206XCP, Argentina
| | - Debora M Martino
- Instituto de Física del Litoral (IFIS Litoral), CONICET, Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL), Santa Fe S3000GLN, Argentina
| | - Susana Nuñez Montoya
- CONICET, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV), Cordoba X5000HUA, Argentina.,Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Dpto. Cs. Farmacéuticas, Haya de la Torre y Medina Allende, Córdoba X5000HUA, Argentina
| | - Claudio D Borsarelli
- Instituto de Bionanotecnolgía del NOA (INBIONATEC), CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Santiago del Estero (UNSE), RN9, km 1125, Santiago del Estero G4206XCP, Argentina.,Facultad de Agronomía y Agroindustrias. UNSE, Av. Belgrano (S) 1912, Santiago del Estero G4200, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Cao W, Yue L, Zhang Y, Wang Z. Photodynamic chitosan functionalized MoS 2 nanocomposite with enhanced and broad-spectrum antibacterial activity. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 277:118808. [PMID: 34893226 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial infection accompanied by antibiotic resistance leads to the lack of effective antibacterial agents, which has become an imminent problem afflicting people. Therefore, development of highly effective and broad-spectrum disinfecting alternatives to tackle this challenge is of great necessity. In view of the different cell wall structures of bacteria, we designed photodynamic antibacterial system based on chlorin e6 (Ce6) loaded chitosan functionalized molybdenum sulfide (MoS2) nanocomposites (M-CS-Ce6). The nanocomposite can not only allow Ce6 to enter the cells of Gram-positive bacteria, but also destroy the cell wall permeability of Gram-negative bacteria and enhance the photo-antibacterial effect. 10 μg/mL of M-CS-Ce6 irradiated by 660 nm laser for 5 min, completely killed the target pathogens, exhibiting significantly enhanced photo-antibacterial performance against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Compared with other cationic photodynamic composites, M-CS-Ce6 had stronger and broad-spectrum photo-antibacterial effect. Taken together, M-CS-Ce6 could be a promising and safe broad-spectrum antibacterial agent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenbo Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Lin Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China.
| | - Yin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Meat Processing of Sichuan, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, PR China
| | - Zhouping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China; Key Laboratory of Meat Processing of Sichuan, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, PR China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China; International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P. R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Niu P, Dai J, Wang Z, Wang Y, Feng D, Li Y, Miao W. Sensitization of Antibiotic-Resistant Gram-Negative Bacteria to Photodynamic Therapy via Perfluorocarbon Nanoemulsion. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15020156. [PMID: 35215269 PMCID: PMC8878207 DOI: 10.3390/ph15020156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
With the merits of excellent efficacy, safety, and facile implementation, antibacterial photodynamic therapy (APDT) represents a promising means for treating bacterial infections. However, APDT shows an unsatisfactory efficacy in combating antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative bacteria due to their specific cell wall structure. In this work, we report a perfluorocarbon nanoemulsion (Ce6@FDC) used as a multifunctional nanocargo of photosensitizer and oxygen for sensitizing antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative bacteria to APDT. Ce6@FDC was fabricated via ultrasonic emulsification with good colloidal stability, efficient Ce6 and oxygen delivery, and excellent photodynamic activity. Meanwhile, Ce6@FDC could strongly bind with Gram-negative Acinetobacter baumannii (A. baumannii) and Escherichia coli (E. coli) via electrostatic interaction, thus leading to notable photodynamic bactericidal potency upon irradiation. In addition, oxygenated Ce6@FDC also exhibited a remarkable efficacy in eradicating Gram-negative bacteria biofilm, averaging five log units lower than the Ce6 group under identical conditions. Taken together, we demonstrate that photodynamic perfluorocarbon nanoemulsion with oxygen-delivery ability could effectively kill planktonic bacteria and remove biofilm, representing a novel strategy in fighting against antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative bacteria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Yuanyuan Li
- Correspondence: (Y.L.); (W.M.); Tel.: +86-25-58139399 (W.M.)
| | - Wenjun Miao
- Correspondence: (Y.L.); (W.M.); Tel.: +86-25-58139399 (W.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Yang J, Zhu YX, Lu P, Zhu B, Wu FG. One-step synthesis of quaternized silica nanoparticles with bacterial adhesion and aggregation properties for effective antibacterial and antibiofilm treatments. J Mater Chem B 2022; 10:3073-3082. [DOI: 10.1039/d1tb02830h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Preservation of intact cell morphology of bacteria is recognized as one important cause of bacterial drug resistance, and hence developing new antibacterial agents capable of fighting against bacteria via disrupting...
Collapse
|
20
|
Advances in photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY C: PHOTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochemrev.2021.100452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
21
|
Mai B, Gao Y, Li M, Jia M, Liu S, Wang X, Zhang K, Liu Q, Wang P. Tailoring the cationic lipid composition of lipo-DVDMS augments the phototherapy efficiency of burn infection. Biomater Sci 2021; 9:2053-2066. [PMID: 33470996 DOI: 10.1039/d0bm01895c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Increase in infections with Gram-negative Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) is a serious global challenge in healthcare. Sinoporphyrin sodium (DVDMS) combined with photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy (PACT) can effectively eradicate Gram-positive organisms. However, the poor penetration of DVDMS into the Gram-negative bacterial cell membrane and bacterial biofilm greatly limits the photo-inspired antimicrobial activity. This study optimized the cationic lipid-mediated nano-DVDMS delivery to improve the cellular uptake, and evaluated the antimicrobial efficacy of cationic DVDMS-liposome (CDL)-provoked PACT in both P. aeruginosa and its multidrug resistant strain. The results showed that the positively charged liposome modification promoted the enrichment of DVDMS in Gram-negative bacteria. CDL-PACT-produced ROS and caused bacterial death, accompanied by the decreased expression levels of virulence factor-related genes. The P. aeruginosa-infected burn model indicated satisfactory bacterial eradication and accelerated wound healing after CDL-PACT, in addition to gradually increasing bFGF, VEGF, TGF-β1 and Hyp levels and reducing TNF-α and IL-6, with no detectable side-effects. Overall, these findings provide fundamental knowledge that enables the design of feasible and efficient PACT treatments, including biophysical membrane permeabilization and photodynamic eradication, which are promising to overcome the infection and resistance of highly opportunistic Gram-negative bacteria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bingjie Mai
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Ministry of Education, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Developing of Endangered Chinese Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, Shaanxi, China.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Godard J, Chapron D, Bregier F, Rosilio V, Sol V. Synthesis and supramolecular arrangement of new stearoyl acid-based phenalenone derivatives. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2020.125988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
23
|
Li J, Sun W, Yang Z, Gao G, Ran HH, Xu KF, Duan QY, Liu X, Wu FG. Rational Design of Self-Assembled Cationic Porphyrin-Based Nanoparticles for Efficient Photodynamic Inactivation of Bacteria. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:54378-54386. [PMID: 33226224 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c15244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial infection has become an urgent health problem in the world. Especially, the evolving resistance of bacteria to antibiotics makes the issue more challenging, and thus new treatments to fight these infections are needed. Antibacterial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) is recognized as a novel and promising method to inactivate a wide range of bacteria with few possibilities to develop drug resistance. However, the photosensitizers (PSs) are not effective against Gram-negative bacteria in many cases. Herein, we use conjugated meso-tetra(4-carboxyphenyl)porphine (TCPP) and triaminoguanidinium chloride (TG) to construct self-assembled cationic TCPP-TG nanoparticles (NPs) for efficient bacterial inactivation under visible light illumination. The TCPP-TG NPs can rapidly adhere to both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria and display promoted singlet oxygen (1O2) generation compared with TCPP under light irradiation. The high local positive charge density of TCPP-TG NPs facilitates the interaction between the NPs and bacteria. Consequently, the TCPP-TG NPs produce an elevated concentration of local 1O2 under light irradiation, resulting in an extraordinarily high antibacterial efficiency (99.9999% inactivation of the representative bacteria within 4 min). Furthermore, the TCPP-TG NPs show excellent water dispersity and stability during 4 months of storage. Therefore, the rationally designed TCPP-TG NPs are a promising antibacterial agent for effective aPDT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou Road, Nanjing 210096, P. R. China
| | - Wei Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou Road, Nanjing 210096, P. R. China
| | - Zihuayuan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou Road, Nanjing 210096, P. R. China
| | - Ge Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou Road, Nanjing 210096, P. R. China
| | - Huan-Huan Ran
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou Road, Nanjing 210096, P. R. China
| | - Ke-Fei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou Road, Nanjing 210096, P. R. China
| | - Qiu-Yi Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou Road, Nanjing 210096, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou Road, Nanjing 210096, P. R. China
| | - Fu-Gen Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou Road, Nanjing 210096, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Misiak P, Markiewicz KH, Szymczuk D, Wilczewska AZ. Polymeric Drug Delivery Systems Bearing Cholesterol Moieties: A Review. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2620. [PMID: 33172152 PMCID: PMC7694753 DOI: 10.3390/polym12112620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This review aims to provide an overview of polymers comprising cholesterol moiety/ies designed to be used in drug delivery. Over the last two decades, there have been many papers published in this field, which are summarized in this review. The primary focus of this article is on the methods of synthesis of polymers bearing cholesterol in the main chain or as side chains. The data related to the composition, molecular weight, and molecular weight distribution of polymers are presented. Moreover, other aspects, such as forms of carriers, types of encapsulated drugs, encapsulation efficiency and capacity, are also included.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Misiak
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bialystok, Ciolkowskiego 1k, 15-245 Bialystok, Poland; (K.H.M.); (D.S.)
| | | | | | - Agnieszka Z. Wilczewska
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bialystok, Ciolkowskiego 1k, 15-245 Bialystok, Poland; (K.H.M.); (D.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Wang H, Song L, Jiang R, Fan Y, Zhao J, Ren L. Super-repellent photodynamic bactericidal hybrid membrane. J Memb Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2020.118482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
26
|
Garg P, Kaur G, Sharma B, Chaudhary GR. Fluorescein-Metal Hybrid Surfactant Conjugates as a Smart Material for Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy against Staphylococcus aureus. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2020; 3:4674-4683. [PMID: 35025466 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c00586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been extensively used as an effective alternative for the treatment of bacterial infection using photosensitizers (PSs) in the presence of appropriate light. However, the limitation in the effectiveness of PDT is because of the low yield of singlet oxygen from existing PSs because of their low solubility. Thus, we have developed a platform to enhance the solubility and the photodynamic activity of PSs against bacterial cells using metallosurfactants. Herein, we have used manganese metal-containing single- (MnC I) and double-chain metallosurfactants (MnC II) which show an interplay of electrostatic/hydrophobic interactions with fluorescein (FL) dye (as a PS) and when used in the presence of light enhances the PDT. These interactions play a significant role in enhancing the singlet oxygen generation efficiency of FL. MnC I and MnC II have shown good antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) bacteria. More interestingly, these metallosurfactants when combined with FL significantly enhanced the affectivity against S. aureus, wherein 100% killing was achieved. As compared to experiments performed in the dark, the metallosurfactant, by enhancing the solubility of FL, increases the formation of singlet oxygen upon light irradiation and thus increases cell death. Therefore, the synergistic effect of FL (light toxicity) and metallosurfactants (dark toxicity) defined excellent reduction in the colony formation of bacteria. These results were corroborated through field-emission scanning electron microscopy and optical microscopy, where the rupturing of the cell wall of bacterial cells was observed during this therapy. Moreover, the binding of metallosurfactants to the genomic DNA of S. aureus was also evaluated by gel retardation analysis and UV-visible spectroscopy. The outcomes from this study will deliver formulations for PDT which can be used in clinical medical applications and cancer therapy in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Preeti Garg
- Department of Chemistry and Centre of Advanced Studies in Chemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Gurpreet Kaur
- Department of Chemistry and Centre of Advanced Studies in Chemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Bunty Sharma
- Department of Chemistry and Centre of Advanced Studies in Chemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Ganga Ram Chaudhary
- Department of Chemistry and Centre of Advanced Studies in Chemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Lv H, Zhang Y, Chen P, Xue J, Jia X, Chen J. Enhanced Synergistic Antibacterial Activity through a Smart Platform Based on UiO-66 Combined with Photodynamic Therapy and Chemotherapy. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:4025-4032. [PMID: 32216361 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c00292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Harmful bacteria have seriously threatened human health and wealth for a long time. Herein, a multifunctional drug delivery system based on UiO-66 was fabricated, and it showed potent synergistic antibacterial effects when used in conjunction with photodynamic therapy and chemotherapy. First, UiO-66-NH2 was prepared via a facile solvothermal method. Then, carboxylic zinc phthalocyanine, a broad-spectrum photosensitizer, was connected to UiO-66-NH2 by amidation. Next, synergistic chemical antibiotic linezolid was loaded in the pores, and lysozyme was coated on the surface by electrostatic interactions. In vitro antibacterial experiments were then carried out to evaluate the antibacterial effects of this system against three kinds of bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). The combination of lysozyme, linezolid, and singlet oxygen generated by irradiation of the photosensitizers resulted in a potent antibacterial effect against S. aureus, E. coli, and even MRSA, which demonstrates the synergistic antibacterial efficacy of photodynamic therapy and chemotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huihui Lv
- National & Local Joint Biomedical Engineering Research Center on Photodynamic Technologies, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, 2 Garden Road, Fuzhou 350116, Fujian Province, P. R. China
| | - Yunting Zhang
- National & Local Joint Biomedical Engineering Research Center on Photodynamic Technologies, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, 2 Garden Road, Fuzhou 350116, Fujian Province, P. R. China
| | - Pan Chen
- National & Local Joint Biomedical Engineering Research Center on Photodynamic Technologies, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, 2 Garden Road, Fuzhou 350116, Fujian Province, P. R. China
| | - Jinping Xue
- National & Local Joint Biomedical Engineering Research Center on Photodynamic Technologies, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, 2 Garden Road, Fuzhou 350116, Fujian Province, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Jia
- National & Local Joint Biomedical Engineering Research Center on Photodynamic Technologies, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, 2 Garden Road, Fuzhou 350116, Fujian Province, P. R. China
| | - Juanjuan Chen
- National & Local Joint Biomedical Engineering Research Center on Photodynamic Technologies, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, 2 Garden Road, Fuzhou 350116, Fujian Province, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Sharma B, Kaur G, Chaudhary GR, Gawali SL, Hassan PA. High antimicrobial photodynamic activity of photosensitizer encapsulated dual-functional metallocatanionic vesicles against drug-resistant bacteria S. aureus. Biomater Sci 2020; 8:2905-2920. [PMID: 32307486 DOI: 10.1039/d0bm00323a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Developments in the field of photodynamic therapy (PDT) are being made by investigating appropriate photosensitizers (PSs) and enhancing the penetration effect of light by developing new nano-carriers. So, to boost the PDT effect, in the present work, new metallocatanionic vesicles were fabricated by a convenient, efficient, green and inexpensive method to encapsulate PSs and evaluate their antimicrobial PDT against the drug-resistant bacterium Staphylococcus aureus. They were prepared from a combination of a double-chained copper-based cationic metallosurfactant (CuCPCII) and an anionic surfactant sodium bis(2-ethylhexyl)sulfosuccinate (Aerosol OT or AOT). The surface charge, structure and ability to encapsulate oppositely charged photosensitizers are some crucial factors that need to be controlled for their effective utilization in PDT. In this approach, two of the fractions, one each from a cationic rich and anionic rich side, were selected to encapsulate cationic (methylene blue; MB) and anionic (rose bengal (RB)) PSs after characterization by SAXS, AFM, FESEM, DLS, and zeta-potential, and conductivity measurements. Afterwards, PDT was performed on S. aureus (a multidrug-resistant bacterium) by the colony forming unit (CFU) method using PS encapsulated metallocatanionic vesicles that demonstrated high bactericidal activity by using visible light (532 nm) and facilitated the generation of singlet oxygen. The singlet oxygen generation capability of both the PSs was enhanced under irradiation when encapsulated in metallocatanionic vesicles because the presence of metal accelerated the intersystem crossing of triplet oxygen to singlet oxygen. Furthermore, these studies reveal that the metallocatanionic vesicles have dual functionality i.e. encapsulate PSs and even show dark toxicity against S. aureus. To study the killing of S. aureus, bacterial DNA was extracted and its interactions and conformational changes in the presence of metallocatanionic vesicles were analyzed via., UV-Visible, and circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy. Comet assay (single-cell gel-electrophoresis) demonstrated the DNA damage after PDT treatment in an individual cell. The bacterial DNA damage was more with the metallosurfactant rich 70 : 30 fraction than with the 30 : 70 fraction, in combination with RB under irradiation. This work provides a new metal hybrid smart material that possesses dual functionality and is prepared by an easy, economical and feasible procedure which resulted in enhanced PDT against a drug-resistant bacterium, thus, providing an alternative for antibacterial therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bunty Sharma
- Department of Chemistry and Centre of Advanced Studies in Chemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Wu P, Luo X, Wu H, Zhang Q, Wang K, Sun M, Oupicky D. Combined Hydrophobization of Polyethylenimine with Cholesterol and Perfluorobutyrate Improves siRNA Delivery. Bioconjug Chem 2020; 31:698-707. [PMID: 31967460 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.9b00834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Polyethylenimine (PEI) is a promising delivery vector of nucleic acids, but cytotoxicity and only moderate transfection efficacy with small RNAs limit its applications. Here we hypothesized that hydrophobization of PEI by combined modification with perfluorinated moieties (F) and cholesterol (Ch) will help in addressing both the cytotoxicity and siRNA delivery efficacy. To test the hypothesis, we synthesized a series of copolymers (F-PEI-Ch) by modifying PEI by reaction with heptafluorobutyric anhydride and cholesteryl chloroformate. We investigated and compared the effect of the modifications on siRNA delivery in vitro and in vivo. We found that the F-PEI-Ch copolymers assembled into micellar structures and that the copolymer with the highest Ch content exhibited the best siRNA delivery performance, including lower cytotoxicity, enhanced cell uptake, improved endosomal escape, and the best siRNA silencing efficacy in vitro and in vivo when compared with control PEI, F-PEI, and PEI-Ch. Overall, hydrophobization of PEI with a combination of cholesterol and superhydrophobic perfluorinated moieties represents a promising approach to the design of siRNA delivery vectors with decreased toxicity and enhanced transfection efficacy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pengkai Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.,Center for Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
| | - Xinping Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Hui Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Qingyan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Kaikai Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Minjie Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - David Oupicky
- Center for Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Wu F, Zhang Q, Zhang M, Sun B, She Z, Ge M, Lu T, Chu X, Wang Y, Wang J, Zhou N, Li A. Hollow Porous Carbon Coated FeS 2-Based Nanocatalysts for Multimodal Imaging-Guided Photothermal, Starvation, and Triple-Enhanced Chemodynamic Therapy of Cancer. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:10142-10155. [PMID: 32043350 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c00170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Specific chemical reactions only happen in the tumor region and produce abundant special chemicals to in situ trigger a train of biological and pathological effects that may enable tumor-specific curative effects to treat cancer without causing serious side effects on normal cells or organs. Chemodynamic therapy (CDT) is a rising tactic for cancer therapy, which induces cancer cell death via a localized Fenton reaction. However, the tumor therapeutic effect is limited by the efficiency of the chemical reaction and relies heavily on the catalyst. Here, we constructed hollow porous carbon coated FeS2 (HPFeS2@C)-based nanocatalysts for triple-enhanced CDT. Tannic acid was encapsulated in HPFeS2@C for reducing Fe3+ to Fe2+, which had a better catalytic activity to accelerate the Fenton reaction. Afterward, glucose oxidase (GOx) in nanocatalysts could consume glucose in the tumor microenvironment and in situ synchronously produce H2O2, which could improve Fenton reaction efficiency. Meanwhile, the consumption of glucose could lead to the starvation effect for cancer starvation therapy. The photothermal effects of HPFeS2@C could generate heat, which further sped up the Fenton process and implemented synergetic photothermal therapy/starvation therapy/CDT. The biodistribution of nanoparticles was investigated by multimodal magnetic resonance, ultrasound, and photoacoustic imaging. These nanocatalysts could trigger the catalytic Fenton reaction at a high degree, which might provide a good paradigm for nanocatalytic tumor therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fan Wu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bio-functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, PR China
| | - Qicheng Zhang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bio-functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bio-functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Baohong Sun
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bio-functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Zhangcai She
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bio-functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Manqing Ge
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, PR China
| | - Tingyu Lu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bio-functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Xiaohong Chu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bio-functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Yue Wang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bio-functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Jianxiu Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, PR China
| | - Ninglin Zhou
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bio-functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Ao Li
- Department of Ultrasound, Jiangsu Province People's Hospital and Nanjing Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing 210029, PR China
| |
Collapse
|