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Wu GF, Zhu J, Weng GJ, Cai HY, Li JJ, Zhao JW. Morphology and optical properties of Au-Ag hybrid nanoparticles regulation and its ultra-sensitive SERS immunoassay detection in carbohydrate antigen 19-9. Talanta 2024; 275:126131. [PMID: 38663064 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.126131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
The development of an ultra-sensitive detection method for carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) is very important for the early diagnosis of pancreatic cancer. In this work, we developed a new strategy to achieve a variety of Au-Ag hybrid nanoparticles from janus to core-satellite which is controlled by the volume of AgNO3 and the concentration of benzimidazolecarboxylic acid (MBIA). With the volume of AgNO3 increased, Au-Ag hybrid nanoparticles changed from janus to core-satellite and the characteristic absorption peak showed two opposite trends. The size and number of Ag islands were determined by the concentration of MBIA. Au-Ag core-satellites nanoparticles with a large number of small-sized Ag have the highest SERS intensity. Then we used them as SERS nanotags and Au-Polystyrene nanospheres modified by captured anti-CA19-9 antibody as solid substrates to realize the ultra-sensitive detection of CA19-9 with a low limit of detection of 1.25 × 10-6 IU/mL and a wide linear range of 1.00 × 10-5 -1.00 × 104 IU/mL. This work not only demonstrates that MBIA and AgNO3 were the key factors in the growth of Au-Ag hybrid nanoparticles from 2D to 3D structure but also supplies an ultra-sensitive detection method for CA19-9 which has a potential practicability in the clinical early diagnoses of pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gao-Feng Wu
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Zhu
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, People's Republic of China.
| | - Guo-Jun Weng
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao-Yu Cai
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Jun Li
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun-Wu Zhao
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, People's Republic of China.
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2
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Seo SH, Joe A, Han HW, Manivasagan P, Jang ES. Mesoporous Silica-Layered Gold Nanorod Core@Silver Shell Nanostructures for Intracellular SERS Imaging and Phototherapy. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:137. [PMID: 38276508 PMCID: PMC10821141 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16010137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Precision diagnosis-guided efficient treatment is crucial to extending the lives of cancer patients. The integration of surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) imaging and phototherapy into a single nanoplatform has been considered a more accurate diagnosis and treatment strategy for cancer nanotheranostics. Herein, we constructed a new type of mesoporous silica-layered gold nanorod core@silver shell nanostructures loaded with methylene blue (GNR@Ag@mSiO2-MB) as a multifunctional nanotheranostic agent for intracellular SERS imaging and phototherapy. The synthesized GNR@Ag@mSiO2-MB nanostructures possessed a uniform core-shell structure, strong near-infrared (NIR) absorbance, photothermal conversion efficiency (65%), dye loading ability, SERS signal, and Raman stability under phototherapy conditions. Under single 785 nm NIR laser irradiation, the intracellular GNR@Ag@mSiO2-MB nanostructures were dramatically decreased to <9%, which showed excellent photothermal and photodynamic effects toward cancer cell killing, indicating that the combination of photothermal therapy (PTT) and photodynamic therapy (PDT) of the GNR@Ag@mSiO2-MB nanostructures could greatly enhance the therapeutic efficacy of cancer cell death. GNR@Ag@mSiO2-MB nanostructures demonstrated a strong Raman signal at 450 and 502 cm-1, corresponding to the δ(C-N-C) mode, suggesting that the Raman bands of GNR@Ag@mSiO2-MB nanostructures were more efficient to detect CT-26 cell SERS imaging with high specificity. Our results indicate that GNR@Ag@mSiO2-MB nanostructures offer an excellent multifunctional nanotheranostic platform for SERS imaging and synergistic anticancer phototherapy in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Eue-Soon Jang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, Gumi 730-701, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea; (S.-H.S.); (A.J.); (H.-W.H.); (P.M.)
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3
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Zhao W, Tan R, Yang Y, Yang H, Wang J, Yin X, Wu D, Zhang T. Galvanic-Replacement-Assisted Synthesis of Nanostructured Silver-Surface for SERS Characterization of Two-Dimensional Polymers. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 24:474. [PMID: 38257565 PMCID: PMC10819046 DOI: 10.3390/s24020474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectroscopy is a powerful technology in trace analysis. However, the wide applications of SERS in practice are limited by the expensive substrate materials and the complicated preparation processes. Here we report a simple and economical galvanic-replacement-assisted synthesis route to prepare Ag nanoparticles on Cu(0) foil (nanoAg@Cu), which can be directly used as SERS substrate. The fabrication process is fast (ca. 10 min) and easily scaled up to centimeters or even larger. In addition, the morphology of the nanoAg@Cu (with Ag particles size from 30 nm to 160 nm) can be adjusted by various additives (e.g., amino-containing ligands). Finally, we show that the as-prepared nanoAg@Cu can be used for SERS characterization of two-dimensional polymers, and ca. 298 times relative enhancement of Raman intensity is achieved. This work offers a simple and economical strategy for the scalable fabrication of silver-based SERS substrate in thin film analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenkai Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Runxiang Tan
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
- Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering of the Education Ministry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Yanping Yang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Haoyong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jianing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Xiaodong Yin
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Daheng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
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4
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Hu B, Sun DW, Pu H, Huang Z. High-performance homogeneous carboxymethylcellulose-stabilized Au@Ag NRs-CMC surface-enhanced Raman scattering chip for thiram detection in fruits. Food Chem 2023; 412:135332. [PMID: 36774690 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.135332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Cellulose material holds considerable promise for effective surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrate construction due to its extensive availability, chemically modifying capacity, ease of manufacture, high flexibility and low optical activity. A large-area, high-sensitivity, stable and uniform Au@Ag nanorods (NRs)-CMC substrate was successfully developed via electrostatic repulsion by using negatively-charged core-shell Au@Ag NRs as SERS active plasmonic nanomaterial, combined with negatively-charged carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) hydrogel for nanoparticles stabilization, homodisperse and protection. The obtained Au@Ag NRs-CMC substrate showed excellent sensitivity for the detection of thiram residues in fruits containing low and abundant pigment interferents, such as apples and blueberries, with detection limits of 58 and 78 ppb, respectively. Additionally, it retained more than 80% SERS performance after storage for 9 months under ambient conditions, demonstrating its great potential in facilitating the commercialization of cellulose-based SERS technology for cost-effective detection of food contaminants with advantages of facile preparation procedure, uniformity, reproducibility and long-term stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingxue Hu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China; Academy of Contemporary Food Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre, Guangzhou 510006, China; Engineering and Technological Research Centre of Guangdong Province on Intelligent Sensing and Process Control of Cold Chain Foods, & Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Intelligent Cold Chain Logistics Equipment for Agricultural Products, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Da-Wen Sun
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China; Academy of Contemporary Food Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre, Guangzhou 510006, China; Engineering and Technological Research Centre of Guangdong Province on Intelligent Sensing and Process Control of Cold Chain Foods, & Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Intelligent Cold Chain Logistics Equipment for Agricultural Products, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre, Guangzhou 510006, China; Food Refrigeration and Computerized Food Technology (FRCFT), Agriculture and Food Science Centre, University College Dublin, National University of Ireland, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland. http://www.ucd.ie/refrig
| | - Hongbin Pu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China; Academy of Contemporary Food Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre, Guangzhou 510006, China; Engineering and Technological Research Centre of Guangdong Province on Intelligent Sensing and Process Control of Cold Chain Foods, & Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Intelligent Cold Chain Logistics Equipment for Agricultural Products, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhibin Huang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China; Academy of Contemporary Food Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre, Guangzhou 510006, China; Engineering and Technological Research Centre of Guangdong Province on Intelligent Sensing and Process Control of Cold Chain Foods, & Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Intelligent Cold Chain Logistics Equipment for Agricultural Products, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre, Guangzhou 510006, China
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5
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Hu B, Pu H, Sun DW. Flexible Au@AgNRs/CMC/qPCR film with enhanced sensitivity, homogeneity and stability for in-situ extraction and SERS detection of thiabendazole on fruits. Food Chem 2023; 423:135840. [PMID: 37169667 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.135840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a high-performance, stable and homogeneous Au@AgNRs/CMC/qPCR flexible film surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrate was constructed by synergistically stabilizing and protecting bimetallic core-shell Au@Ag nanorods (Au@AgNRs) with carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) and fluorescent-quantitative-polymerase-chain-reaction (qPCR) film. The network structure of CMC immobilized and aligned Au@AgNRs through coordination of carboxyl groups with surface Ag atoms to provide intensive and stable 'hot spots', and the qPCR bilayer film performed as carrier and barrier to protect Au@AgNRs from oxidation, humidity and optical damage and improved the robustness and stability. The Au@AgNRs/CMC/qPCR film was used for in-situ extraction and SERS detection of thiabendazole on nectarine (0.24 ppm) and lemon (0.27 ppm) with low detection of limits. Furthermore, it retained 98.6% SERS performance after storage for 90 days under ambient conditions, revealing the great potential in promoting the commercialization of the SERS technique for sensitive contaminants sensing with simple fabrication procedures, homogeneity, reproducibility and long-term stability.
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Liu H, Zeng J, Song L, Zhang L, Chen Z, Li J, Xiao Z, Su F, Huang Y. Etched-spiky Au@Ag plasmonic-superstructure monolayer films for triple amplification of surface-enhanced Raman scattering signals. NANOSCALE HORIZONS 2022; 7:554-561. [PMID: 35347336 DOI: 10.1039/d2nh00023g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Generally, a high quality surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) substrate often requires a highly-tailorable electromagnetic (EM) field generated at nanoparticle (NP) surfaces by the regulation of the morphologies, components and roughness of NPs. However, most recent universal approaches are restricted to single components, and integrating these key factors into one system to achieve the theoretically maximum signal amplification is still challenging. Herein, we design a triple SERS signal amplification platform by the coordination of spiky Au NPs with rich-tip nanostructures, controllable silver nanoshell, as well as tailorable surface roughness into one nano-system. As a result, the theoretical electromagnetic field of the interfacial self-assembled 2D substrate can be improved by nearly 5 orders of magnitude, and the ideal tracing capability for the model SERS molecule can be achieved at levels of 5 × 10-11 M. Finally, diverse analytes in pesticide residues, environmental pollutants as well as medically diagnose down to 10-11 M and can be fingerprinted by the proposed SERS nano-platform. Our integrated triple amplification platform not only provides an effective SERS sensing strategy, but also makes it possible to simultaneously achieve high sensitivity, stability as well as universality into one plasmonic-based SERS sensing system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiqin Liu
- College of Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China.
| | - Junyi Zeng
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China.
- National Engineering Research Centre for Advanced Polymer Processing Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Liping Song
- College of Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Anhui Provincial Engineering, Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Film, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Lingli Zhang
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China.
| | - Zihai Chen
- Anhui Shenghaitang Traditional Chinese Medicine Decoction Pieces Co., Ltd, Bozhou, 211 Zhangliang Road, Qiaocheng District, 236800, China
| | - Jianhua Li
- Anhui Topway Testing Services Co.,Ltd, Xuancheng Economic and Technological Development Zone, 18 Rixin Road, 242000, China
| | - Zhidong Xiao
- College of Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Fengmei Su
- National Engineering Research Centre for Advanced Polymer Processing Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Youju Huang
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China.
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8
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Carone A, Mariani P, Désert A, Romanelli M, Marcheselli J, Garavelli M, Corni S, Rivalta I, Parola S. Insight on Chirality Encoding from Small Thiolated Molecule to Plasmonic Au@Ag and Au@Au Nanoparticles. ACS NANO 2022; 16:1089-1101. [PMID: 34994190 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c08824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Chiral plasmonic nanomaterials exhibiting intense optical activity are promising for numerous applications. In order to prepare those nanostructures, one strategy is to grow metallic nanoparticles in the presence of chiral molecules. However, in such approach the origin of the observed chirality remains uncertain. In this work, we expand the range of available chiral plasmonic nanostructures and we propose another vision of the origin of chirality in such colloidal systems. For that purpose, we investigated the synthesis of two core-shell Au@Ag and Au@Au systems built from gold nanobipyramid cores, in the presence of cysteine. The obtained nanoparticles possess uniform shape and size and show plasmonic circular dichroism in the visible range, and were characterized by electron microscopy, circular dichroism, and UV-vis-NIR spectroscopy. Opto-chiral responses were found to be highly dependent on the morphology and the plasmon resonance. It revealed (i) the importance of the anisotropy for Au@Au nanoparticles and (ii) the role of the multipolar modes for Au@Ag nanoparticles on the way to achieve intense plasmonic circular dichroism. The role of cysteine as shaping agent and as chiral encoder was particularly evaluated. Our experimental results, supported by theoretical simulations, contrast the hypothesis that chiral molecules entrapped in the nanoparticles determine the chiral properties, highlighting the key role of the outmost part of the nanoparticles shell on the plasmonic circular dichroism. Along with these results, the impact of enantiomeric ratio of cysteine on the final shape suggested that the presence of a chiral shape or chiral patterns should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Carone
- Université de Lyon, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5182, Laboratoire de Chimie, 46 allée d'Italie, F-69364 Lyon, France
| | - Pablo Mariani
- Université de Lyon, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5182, Laboratoire de Chimie, 46 allée d'Italie, F-69364 Lyon, France
| | - Anthony Désert
- Université de Lyon, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5182, Laboratoire de Chimie, 46 allée d'Italie, F-69364 Lyon, France
| | - Marco Romanelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
- Istituto di Nanoscienze, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche CNR-NANO, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Jacopo Marcheselli
- Dipartimento di Chimica Industriale "Toso Montanari″, Università degli Studi di Bologna, Viale del Risorgimento 4, I-40136 Bologna, Italy
- SISSA─Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati, Via Bonomea 265, 34136 Trieste, Italy
| | - Marco Garavelli
- Dipartimento di Chimica Industriale "Toso Montanari″, Università degli Studi di Bologna, Viale del Risorgimento 4, I-40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefano Corni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
- Istituto di Nanoscienze, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche CNR-NANO, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Ivan Rivalta
- Université de Lyon, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5182, Laboratoire de Chimie, 46 allée d'Italie, F-69364 Lyon, France
- Dipartimento di Chimica Industriale "Toso Montanari″, Università degli Studi di Bologna, Viale del Risorgimento 4, I-40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Stephane Parola
- Université de Lyon, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5182, Laboratoire de Chimie, 46 allée d'Italie, F-69364 Lyon, France
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9
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Zheng J, Cheng X, Zhang H, Bai X, Ai R, Shao L, Wang J. Gold Nanorods: The Most Versatile Plasmonic Nanoparticles. Chem Rev 2021; 121:13342-13453. [PMID: 34569789 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Gold nanorods (NRs), pseudo-one-dimensional rod-shaped nanoparticles (NPs), have become one of the burgeoning materials in the recent years due to their anisotropic shape and adjustable plasmonic properties. With the continuous improvement in synthetic methods, a variety of materials have been attached around Au NRs to achieve unexpected or improved plasmonic properties and explore state-of-the-art technologies. In this review, we comprehensively summarize the latest progress on Au NRs, the most versatile anisotropic plasmonic NPs. We present a representative overview of the advances in the synthetic strategies and outline an extensive catalogue of Au-NR-based heterostructures with tailored architectures and special functionalities. The bottom-up assembly of Au NRs into preprogrammed metastructures is then discussed, as well as the design principles. We also provide a systematic elucidation of the different plasmonic properties associated with the Au-NR-based structures, followed by a discussion of the promising applications of Au NRs in various fields. We finally discuss the future research directions and challenges of Au NRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiapeng Zheng
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Xizhe Cheng
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Han Zhang
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Xiaopeng Bai
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Ruoqi Ai
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Lei Shao
- Beijing Computational Science Research Center, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jianfang Wang
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
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Li J, Wang Q, Wang J, Li M, Zhang X, Luan L, Li P, Xu W. Quantitative SERS sensor based on self-assembled Au@Ag heterogeneous nanocuboids monolayer with high enhancement factor for practical quantitative detection. Anal Bioanal Chem 2021; 413:4207-4215. [PMID: 33987702 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03366-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Accurate and rapid quantitative detection of pesticide and pollutant levels in the actual sample can aid in protecting food security, environmental security, and human health. A high Raman enhancement factor and good repeatability of the surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) substrates are favorable to quantitative analysis. Herein, a quantitative SERS sensor based on constructed self-assembled plasmonic Au@Ag heterogeneous nanocuboids (Au@Ag NCs) monolayer was developed. The sensor was used to quantitatively detect the trace pesticides extracted from pear surfaces and pollutants in fishpond water. Densely packed Au@Ag NCs fabricated into large-scale monolayer films were chemically functionalized using 4-methyl-thiobenzoic acid (4-MBA) at the organic/aqueous interface, in which plentiful nanogaps contribute to increase hotspots. Their sharp corners and edges make the sensor have high SERS performance through providing abundant "hot spots." The obtained optically SERS-based sensor with uniform liquid-state interfacial nanoparticle arrays appeared to have nice SERS performance and uniformity using crystal violet (CV) as a probe molecule. In particular, the proposed SERS sensor was applied for quantitative detection of thiabendazole (TBZ) extracted from pear surfaces and malachite green (MG) in fishpond water down to levels of 0.0105 nM and 0.87 nM for SERS assay respectively. As a result, our proposed SERS quantitative detection strategy is quite preferred to on-site analysis and supervision of contaminant in food samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingya Li
- Institute of Intelligent Machines, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, China
- Department of Biological Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, Anhui, China
| | - Qianqian Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230038, Anhui, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230038, Anhui, China
| | - Man Li
- Department of Bioengineering, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230001, Anhui, China
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Department of Bioengineering, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230001, Anhui, China
| | - Longlong Luan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, Anhui, China
| | - Pan Li
- Center of Medical Physics and Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, CAS, Hefei, 230021, Anhui, China.
| | - Weiping Xu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230001, Anhui, China.
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunotherapy and Nutrition Therapy, Hefei, 230001, Anhui, China.
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11
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Turan H, Calis B, Dizaji AN, Tarhan S, Mazlumoglu H, Aysin F, Yilmaz A, Yilmaz M. Poly(L-DOPA)-mediated bimetallic core-shell nanostructures of gold and silver and their employment in SERS, catalytic activity, and cell viability. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 32:315702. [PMID: 33878753 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/abf9c7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Core-shell gold nanorod (AuNR)@silver (Ag) nanostructures with their unique properties have gained enormous interest and are widely utilized in various applications including sensor systems, catalytic reactions, diagnosis, and therapy. Despite the recent progress, simple, effective, low-cost, and easy-to-tune strategies are heavily required to fabricate these nanoparticles (NP) systems. For this, we propose the employment of the polymer of 3,4-dihydroxyphenyl-L-alanine (L-DOPA) as a ligand molecule. A conformal thin layer of polymer of L-DOPA (PLDOPA) with its various functional groups enabled the reduction of silver ions onto the AuNRs and stabilization of the resultant NPs without using any surfactant, reducing agent, and seed material. The shape and growth model of the AuNR@Ag nanostructures was manipulated by simply tuning the amount of silver ions. This procedure created different NP morphologies ranging from concentric to acentric/island shape core-shell nanostructures. Also, even at the highest Ag deposition, the PLDOPA layer is still conformally present onto the Au@Ag core-shell NRs. The unique properties of NP systems provided remarkable characteristics in surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy, catalytic activity, and cell viability tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Turan
- East Anatolia High Technology Application and Research Center (DAYTAM), Ataturk University, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey
- Department of Nanoscience and Nanoengineering, Ataturk University, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Baris Calis
- East Anatolia High Technology Application and Research Center (DAYTAM), Ataturk University, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Ataturk University, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Araz Norouz Dizaji
- East Anatolia High Technology Application and Research Center (DAYTAM), Ataturk University, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Ataturk University, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Seda Tarhan
- East Anatolia High Technology Application and Research Center (DAYTAM), Ataturk University, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Ataturk University, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey
| | | | - Ferhunde Aysin
- East Anatolia High Technology Application and Research Center (DAYTAM), Ataturk University, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey
- Department of Biology, Ataturk University, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Asli Yilmaz
- East Anatolia High Technology Application and Research Center (DAYTAM), Ataturk University, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Ataturk University, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Yilmaz
- East Anatolia High Technology Application and Research Center (DAYTAM), Ataturk University, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey
- Department of Nanoscience and Nanoengineering, Ataturk University, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Ataturk University, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey
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12
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Li F, Wang K, Deng N, Xu J, Yi M, Xiong B, Zhu J. Self-Assembly of Polymer End-Tethered Gold Nanorods into Two-Dimensional Arrays with Tunable Tilt Structures. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:6566-6574. [PMID: 33522228 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c22468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrated a facile yet effective strategy for self-assembly of polymer end-tethered gold nanorods (GNRs) into tunable two-dimensional (2D) arrays with the assistance of supramolecules of hydrogen bonded poly(4-vinyl pyridine) (P4VP) and 3-n-pentadecylphenol (PDP). Well-ordered 2D arrays with micrometer size were obtained by rupturing the assembled supramolecular matrix with a selective solvent. The formation of long-range ordered 2D arrays during a drying process was observed via small-angle X-ray scattering. Interestingly, the packing structure of the ordered arrays strongly depends on the molecular weight (Mw) of the polymer ligands and the size of the GNRs. By increasing Mw of the polymer ligands, tilted arrays can be obtained. The average angle between GNRs and the surface normal direction of the layered 2D arrays changes from 0 to 37° with the increase in Mw of the polymer ligands. A mechanism for assembly behavior of dumbbell shapes with a soft shell structure has been proposed. The resulting GNR arrays with different orientations showed anisotropic surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) performance. We showed that the vertically ordered GNR arrays exhibited ∼3 times higher SERS signals than the tilt ordered arrays. The results prove that the polymer end-tethered GNRs can be used as a building block for preparing the tilted 2D arrays with tunable physicochemical properties, which could have a wide range of potential applications in photonics, electronics, plasmonics, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Li
- Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage (HUST) of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Ke Wang
- Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage (HUST) of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Ningxin Deng
- Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage (HUST) of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Jiangping Xu
- Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage (HUST) of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Mingdong Yi
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Bijin Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage (HUST) of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Jintao Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage (HUST) of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan 430074, China
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13
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Electrochemical Processing and Thermal Properties of Functional Core/Multi-Shell ZnAl/Ni/NiP Microparticles. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14040834. [PMID: 33572411 PMCID: PMC7916222 DOI: 10.3390/ma14040834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Electroless deposition on zinc and its alloys is challenging because of the negative standard potential of zinc, the formation of poor surface layers during oxidation in aqueous solutions, and extensive hydrogen evolution. Therefore, there are only few reports of electroless deposition on Zn and its alloys, neither of them on micro/nano powders. Here, we propose a two-step process that allows the formation of compact, uniform, and conformal Ni/NiP shell on Zn-based alloy microparticles without agglomeration. The process utilizes controlled galvanic displacement of Ni deposition in ethanol-based bath, followed by NiP autocatalytic deposition in an alkaline aqueous solution. The mechanism and effect of deposition conditions on the shell formation are discussed. Thermal stability and functional analysis of core-shell powder reveal a thermal storage capability of 98.5% with an encapsulation ratio of 66.5%. No significant morphological change of the core-shell powder and no apparent leakage of the ZnAl alloy through the Ni shell are evident following differential scanning calorimetry tests. Our two-step process paves the way to utilize electroless deposition for depositing metallic-based functional coatings on Zn-based bulk and powder materials.
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14
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Li F, Wang K, Tan Z, Guo C, Liu Y, Tan H, Zhang L, Zhu J. Solvent Quality-Mediated Regioselective Modification of Gold Nanorods with Thiol-Terminated Polymers. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:15162-15168. [PMID: 33256408 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c02905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Modification of nanorods (NRs) with functional polymer ligands is of great significance to enhance their surface chemistry and prompt their applications in many fields (e.g., photothermal therapy, bioimaging, and catalysis). However, the regioselective modification of AuNRs still remains a great challenge. Herein, we introduce a facile yet versatile strategy to achieve the regioselective modification of AuNRs through a solvent quality-mediated strategy. By employing a poor solvent of the original ligand cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) as the medium in the modification, polymer ligands would selectively graft onto the two ends of AuNRs, while polymer ligands would graft onto the entire surface when employing a good solvent. This strategy demonstrates good reproducibility and is applicable to both hydrophilic and hydrophobic polymer ligand modifications. Moreover, by combing our strategy with the preoccupation route, the two ends and sidewall of AuNRs modified by two different polymers form an "ABA"-type building block, which can further self-assemble into well-ordered superstructures. Our finding provides a new opportunity for multifunctionalization of NRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage (HUST) of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Ke Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage (HUST) of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Zhengping Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage (HUST) of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Chen Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage (HUST) of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yuanyuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage (HUST) of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Haiying Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage (HUST) of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Lianbin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage (HUST) of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Jintao Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage (HUST) of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan 430074, China
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15
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Lin H, Song L, Huang Y, Cheng Q, Yang Y, Guo Z, Su F, Chen T. Macroscopic Au@PANI Core/Shell Nanoparticle Superlattice Monolayer Film with Dual-Responsive Plasmonic Switches. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:11296-11304. [PMID: 32043861 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c01983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The self-assembled gold nanoparticle (NP) superlattice displays unusual but distinctive features such as high mechanical and free-standing performance, electrical conductivity, and plasmonic properties, which are widely employed in various applications especially in biological diagnostics and optoelectronic devices. For a two-dimensional (2D) superlattice monolayer film composed of a given metal nanostructure, it is rather challenging to tune either its plasmonic properties or its optical properties in a reversible way, and it has not been reported. It is therefore of significant value to construct a free-standing 2D superlattice monolayer film of gold nanoparticles with an intelligent response and desired functions. Herein, we developed an easy and efficient approach to construct a gold nanoparticle superlattice film with a dual-responsive plasmonic switch. In this system, gold nanoparticles were coated by polyaniline (PANI) and then interracially self-assembled into a monolayer film at the air-liquid interface. The PANI shell plays two important roles in the superlattice monolayer film. First, the PANI shell acts as a physical spacer to provide a steric hindrance to counteract the van der Waals (vdW) attraction between densely packed nanoparticles (NPs), resulting in the formation of a superlattice by adjusting the thickness of the PANI shell. Second, the PANI shells provide the superlattice film with multiple stimuli such as electrical potential and pH change, leading to reversible optical and plasmonic responsiveness. The superlattice monolayer film can show a vivid color change from olive green to pink, or from olive green to violet by the change of the corresponding stimuli. Also, the localized surface plasmonic resonance (LSPR) of the superlattice monolayer film can be reversibly modulated by both by changing the local pH and applying an electric potential. Notably, a significant plasmonic shift of 157 nm can be achieved in the superlattice monolayer film when the PANI shell with a thickness of 35 nm and gold nanorods as a core were used. The superlattice monolayer film with dual-responsive plasmonic switches is promising for a range of potential applications in optoelectronic devices, plasmonic and colorimetric sensors, and surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Lin
- College of Materials, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, P. R. China
- China State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Agro-products, State Key Laboratory Base of Novel Functional Materials and Preparation Science, School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, P. R. China
| | - Liping Song
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Youju Huang
- College of Materials, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Qian Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Yanping Yang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Zhiyong Guo
- China State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Agro-products, State Key Laboratory Base of Novel Functional Materials and Preparation Science, School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, P. R. China
| | - Fengmei Su
- National Engineering Research Centre for Advanced Polymer Processing Technology, Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Mold (Zhengzhou University), Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450002, P. R. China
| | - Tao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
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16
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Wen X, Lerch S, Wang Z, Aboudiab B, Tehrani-Bagha AR, Olsson E, Moth-Poulsen K. Synthesis of Palladium Nanodendrites Using a Mixture of Cationic and Anionic Surfactants. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:1745-1753. [PMID: 32032489 PMCID: PMC7343283 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b03804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Surfactants are used widely to control the synthesis of shaped noble-metal nanoparticles. In this work, a mixture of hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), a cationic surfactant; sodium oleate (NaOL), an anionic surfactant; palladium chloride; and a reducing agent were used in the seed-mediated synthesis of palladium nanoparticles. By controlling the surfactant mixture ratio, we initially discovered that palladium nanodendrites with narrow size distribution were formed instead of the traditional nanocubes, synthesized with only CTAB. In order to investigate the optimal ratio to produce Pd nanodendrites with a high yield and narrow size distribution, samples synthesized with multiple molar ratios of the two surfactants were prepared and studied by transmission electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering, conductance, and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy. We propose that the addition of NaOL alters the arrangement of surfactants on the Pd seed surface, leading to a new pattern of growth and aggregation. By studying the nanodendrite growth over time, we identified the reduction period of Pd2+ ions and the formation period of the nanodendrites. Our further experiments, including the replacement of CTAB with hexadecyltrimethylammonium chloride (CTAC) and the replacement of NaOL with sodium stearate, showed that CTA+ ions in CTAB and OL- ions in NaOL play the main roles in the formation of nanodendrites. The formation of palladium nanodendrites was robust and achieved with a range of temperatures, pH and mixing speeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wen
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers
University of Technology, SE-412-96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Sarah Lerch
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers
University of Technology, SE-412-96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Zhihang Wang
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers
University of Technology, SE-412-96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Bassem Aboudiab
- Baha
and Walid Bassatne Department of Chemical Engineering and Advanced
Energy, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107-2020, Lebanon
| | - Ali Reza Tehrani-Bagha
- Baha
and Walid Bassatne Department of Chemical Engineering and Advanced
Energy, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107-2020, Lebanon
| | - Eva Olsson
- Department
of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412-96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Kasper Moth-Poulsen
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers
University of Technology, SE-412-96 Gothenburg, Sweden
- E-mail:
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