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Gopalakrishnan A, Mathew J, Thomas JM, Thankachan G, Aravindakumar CT, Aravind UK. Spectro-kinetic investigations on the release mechanism of lysozyme from layer-by-layer reservoirs. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2023; 222:113135. [PMID: 36640537 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2023.113135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The investigations of protein adsorption and release on interfaces aid in the elucidation of the protein-surface interaction mechanism, which has several applications in the biomedical area. The spectro-kinetic and morphological analysis of the release of lysozyme (Lyz) from chitosan/polystyrene sulphonate (CHI/PSS) multilayer immobilized at pHs 10.6, 8.8 and 5.0 shows that the extent of release strongly depends on the pH of Lyz loading and the ionic strength of the desorbing solution. When compared to pH 8.8, the release for pH 10.6 achieves equilibrium more rapidly. At loading pH 10.6, the release is surface-mediated, at pH 8.8, it is both surface- and bulk-mediated, while at pH 5.0 it is bulk mediated with minimal release. Lyz released for loading pH 10.6 retains its native secondary structure. Kinetic fitting suggests that high loading pH 8.8-10.6 and high release ionic strength (0.5-1.0 M NaCl) lead to burst release of Lyz from CHI/PSS multilayer. Surface morphology changes of multilayer interface upon Lyz loading and release are highlighted by SEM topography and AFM height distribution analysis. The present work indicates that CHI/PSS multilayer system can function as a reservoir for burst as well as controlled release of lysozyme by selecting the loading pH and ionic strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akhil Gopalakrishnan
- Advanced Centre of Environment Studies and Sustainable Development, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam 686560, India
| | - Jissy Mathew
- School of Chemical Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam 686560, India
| | - Jain Maria Thomas
- School of Chemical Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam 686560, India
| | - Greeshma Thankachan
- School of Environmental Studies, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Kochi 682022, India
| | - Charuvila T Aravindakumar
- School of Environmental Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam 686560, India; Inter University Instrumentation Centre, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam 686560, India
| | - Usha K Aravind
- Advanced Centre of Environment Studies and Sustainable Development, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam 686560, India; School of Environmental Studies, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Kochi 682022, India.
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Bizeau J, Adam A, Nadal C, Francius G, Siniscalco D, Pauly M, Bégin-Colin S, Mertz D. Protein sustained release from isobutyramide-grafted stellate mesoporous silica nanoparticles. Int J Pharm X 2022; 4:100130. [PMID: 36156982 PMCID: PMC9494245 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpx.2022.100130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteins are great therapeutic candidates as endogenous biomolecules providing a wide range of applications. However, their delivery suffers from some limitations and specifically designed delivery systems having an efficient protein anchoring and delivery strategy are still needed. In this work, we propose to combine large pore stellate mesoporous silica (STMS) with isobutyramide (IBAM), as a “glue” molecule which has been shown promising for immobilization of various biomacromolecules at silica surface. We address here for the first time the ability of such IBAM-modified NPs to sustainably deliver proteins over a prolonged time. In this work, a quantitative loading study of proteins (serum albumin (HSA), peroxidase (HRP), immunoglobulin (IgG) and polylysine (PLL)) on STMS@IBAM is first presented using three complementary detection techniques to ensure precision and avoid protein quantification issues. The results demonstrated a high loading capacity for HSA and HRP (≥ ca. 350 μg.mg−1) but a moderate one for IgG and PLL. After evaluating the physicochemical properties of the loaded particles and their stability over scaling-up and washings, the ability of STMS@IBAM to release proteins over prolonged time was evaluated in equilibrium (static) and flow mimicking (dynamic) conditions and at different temperatures (25, 37, 45 °C). Results show not only the potential of such “glue” functionalized STMS to release proteins in a sustained way, but also the retention of the biological activity of immobilized and released HRP, used as an enzyme model. Finally, an AFM-force spectroscopy study was conducted to decipher the interactions between IBAM and proteins, showing the involvement of different interactions in the adsorption and release processes. Isobutyramide bound stellate mesoporous silica allow the immobilization of various proteins. Protein release was achieved from the nanoparticles in a sustained way in buffer. Peroxidase activity was retained whether in immobilized or released conditions. Choice of protein detection techniques was shown to be crucial. AFM-spectroscopy was used to investigate IBAM-protein intermolecular bonding.
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Vranckx C, Lambricht L, Préat V, Cornu O, Dupont-Gillain C, Vander Straeten A. Layer-by-Layer Nanoarchitectonics Using Protein-Polyelectrolyte Complexes toward a Generalizable Tool for Protein Surface Immobilization. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:5579-5589. [PMID: 35481352 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c00191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Layer-by-layer (LbL) self-assembly is an attractive method for the immobilization of macromolecules at interfaces. Integrating proteins in LbL thin films is however challenging due to their polyampholyte nature. Recently, we developed a method to integrate lysozyme into multilayers using protein-polyelectrolytes complexes (PPCs). In this work, we extended this method to a wide range of protein-polyelectrolyte combinations. We demonstrated the robustness and versatility of PPCs as building blocks. LL-37, insulin, lysozyme, and glucose oxidase were complexed with alginate, poly(styrenesulfonate), heparin, and poly(allylamine hydrochloride). The resulting PPCs were then LbL self-assembled with chitosan, PAH, and heparin. We demonstrated that multilayers built with PPCs are thicker compared to the LbL self-assembly of bare protein molecules. This is attributed to the higher mass of protein in the multilayers and/or the more hydrated state of the assemblies. PPCs enabled the self-assembly of proteins that could otherwise not be LbL assembled with a PE or with another protein. Furthermore, the results also show that LbL with PPCs enabled the construction of multilayers combining different proteins, highlighting the formation of multifunctional films. Importantly, we show that the adsorption behavior and thus the multilayer growth strongly depend on the nature of the protein and polyelectrolyte used. In this work, we elaborated a rationale to help and guide the use of PPCs for protein LbL assembly. It will therefore be beneficial to the many scientific communities willing to modify interfaces with hard-to-immobilize proteins and peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cédric Vranckx
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Bio- and Soft Matter, Université catholique de Louvain, Place Louis Pasteur, 1 bte L4.01.10, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Laure Lambricht
- Louvain Drug Research Institute, Advanced Drug Delivery and Biomaterials, Université catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Véronique Préat
- Louvain Drug Research Institute, Advanced Drug Delivery and Biomaterials, Université catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Olivier Cornu
- Neuro-Musculo-Skeletal Pole, Experimental and Clinical Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
- Orthopaedic and Trauma Department, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Christine Dupont-Gillain
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Bio- and Soft Matter, Université catholique de Louvain, Place Louis Pasteur, 1 bte L4.01.10, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Aurélien Vander Straeten
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Bio- and Soft Matter, Université catholique de Louvain, Place Louis Pasteur, 1 bte L4.01.10, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
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Lu R, Zhang X, Cheng X, Zan X, Geng W. Secondary Structure-Dominated Layer-by-Layer Growth Mode of Protein Coatings. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:13000-13011. [PMID: 34723563 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c02062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Benefiting from the luxury functions of proteins, protein coatings have been extended to various applications, including tissue engineering scaffolds, drug delivery, antimicrobials, sensing and diagnostic equipment, food packaging, etc. Fast construction of protein coatings is always interesting to materials science and significant to industrialization. Here, we report a layer-by-layer (LbL) multilayer-constructed coating of tannic acid (TA) and lysozyme (Lyz), in which the secondary conformations of Lyz dominate the growth rate of the TA/Lyz coating. As well characterized by various techniques (quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM-D), circular dichroism (CD) spectra, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy (AFM), contact angle, etc.), TA-induced conformational transition of Lyz to α-helices occurs at pH 8 from other secondary structures (β-sheets, β-turns, and random coils), which leads to the very fast growth of TA/Lyz with a number of deposited bilayers, with thicknesses of more than 90 nm for six bilayers. In contrast to the leading conformation of α-helices at pH 8, Lyz displayed multiple conformations (α-helices, β-sheets, β-turns, and random coils) at pH 6, which resulted in coating thicknesses of less than 30 nm for six bilayers. By the addition of NaCl, Tween 20, and urea, we further confirmed that the secondary conformations of Lyz relied greatly on the interactions between TA and Lyz and dominated the growth rate of the multilayers. We believe that these findings will help to understand the transformation of secondary conformations by TA or other polyphenols and inspire a new route to quickly build protein coatings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruofei Lu
- Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Zhang
- Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xinxiu Cheng
- Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xingjie Zan
- Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou 325001, China
| | - Wujun Geng
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Perioperative Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
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Bizeau J, Mertz D. Design and applications of protein delivery systems in nanomedicine and tissue engineering. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 287:102334. [PMID: 33341459 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2020.102334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Proteins are biological macromolecules involved in a wide range of biological functions, which makes them very appealing as therapeutics agents. Indeed, compared to small molecule drugs, their endogenous nature ensures their biocompatibility and biodegradability, they can be used in a large range of applications and present a higher specificity and activity. However, they suffer from unfolding, enzymatic degradation, short half-life and poor membrane permeability. To overcome such drawbacks, the development of protein delivery systems to protect, carry and deliver them in a controlled way have emerged importantly these last years. In this review, the formulation of a wide panel of protein delivery systems either in the form of polymer or inorganic nanoengineered colloids and scaffolds are presented and the protein loading and release mechanisms are addressed. A section is also dedicated to the detection of proteins and the characterization methods of their release. Then, the main protein delivery systems developed these last three years for anticancer, tissue engineering or diabetes applications are presented, as well as the major in vivo models used to test them. The last part of this review aims at presenting the perspectives of the field such as the use of protein-rich material or the sequestration of proteins. This part will also deal with less common applications and gene therapy as an indirect method to deliver protein.
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vander Straeten A, Lefèvre D, Demoustier-Champagne S, Dupont-Gillain C. Protein-based polyelectrolyte multilayers. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2020; 280:102161. [PMID: 32416541 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2020.102161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The immobilization of proteins to impart specific functions to surfaces is topical for chemical engineering, healthcare and diagnosis. Layer-by-Layer (LbL) self-assembly is one of the most used method to immobilize macromolecules on surfaces. It consists in the alternate adsorption of oppositely charged species, resulting in the formation of a multilayer. This method in principle allows any charged object to be immobilized on any surface, from aqueous solutions. However, when it comes to proteins, the promises of versatility, simplicity and universality that the LbL approach holds are unmet due to the heterogeneity of protein properties. In this review, the literature is analyzed to make a generic approach emerge, with a view to facilitate the LbL assembly of proteins with polyelectrolytes (PEs). In particular, this review aims at guiding the choice of the PE and the building conditions that lead to the successful growth of protein-based multilayered self-assemblies.
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