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Karayianni M, Sentoukas T, Skandalis A, Pippa N, Pispas S. Chitosan-Based Nanoparticles for Nucleic Acid Delivery: Technological Aspects, Applications, and Future Perspectives. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1849. [PMID: 37514036 PMCID: PMC10383118 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15071849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Chitosan is a naturally occurring polymer derived from the deacetylation of chitin, which is an abundant carbohydrate found mainly in the shells of various marine and terrestrial (micro)organisms. Chitosan has been extensively used to construct nanoparticles (NPs), which are biocompatible, biodegradable, non-toxic, easy to prepare, and can function as effective drug delivery systems. Moreover, chitosan NPs have been employed in gene and vaccine delivery, as well as advanced cancer therapy, and they can also serve as new therapeutic tools against viral infections. In this review, we summarize the most recent developments in the field of chitosan-based NPs intended as nucleic acid delivery vehicles and gene therapy vectors. Special attention is given to the technological aspects of chitosan complexes for nucleic acid delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Karayianni
- Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Institute, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Ave., 11635 Athens, Greece
| | - Theodore Sentoukas
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, 34, M. Curie-Sklodowska St., 41-819 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Athanasios Skandalis
- Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Institute, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Ave., 11635 Athens, Greece
| | - Natassa Pippa
- Section of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Panepistimioupolis Zografou, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Stergios Pispas
- Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Institute, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Ave., 11635 Athens, Greece
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Giona RM, Vitorazi L, Loh W. Assessing the Contribution of the Neutral Blocks in DNA/Block-Copolymer Polyplexes: Poly(acrylamide) vs. Poly(ethylene Oxide). Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28010398. [PMID: 36615592 PMCID: PMC9824764 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28010398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The interaction of DNA with different block copolymers, namely poly (trimethylammonium chloride methacryloyoxy)ethyl)-block-poly(acrylamide), i.e., (PTEA)-b-(PAm), and poly (trimethylammonium chloride methacryloyoxy)ethyl)-block-poly(ethylene oxide), i.e., (PTEA)-b-(PEO), was studied. The nature of the cationic block was maintained fixed (PTEA), whereas the neutral blocks contained varying amounts of acrylamide or (ethylene oxide) units. According to results from isothermal titration microcalorimetry measurements, the copolymers interaction with DNA is endothermic with an enthalpy around 4.0 kJ mol−1 of charges for (PTEA)-b-(PAm) and 5.5 kJ mol−1 of charges for (PTEA)-b-(PEO). The hydrodynamic diameters of (PTEA)-b-(PEO)/DNA and (PTEA)-b-(PAm)/DNA polyplexes prepared by titration were around 200 nm at charge ratio (Z+/−) < 1. At Z+/− close and above 1, the (PTEA)50-b-(PAm)50/DNA and (PTEA)50-b-(PAm)200/DNA polyplexes precipitated. Interestingly, (PTEA)50-b-(PAm)1000/DNA polyplexes remained with a size of around 300 nm even after charge neutralization, probably due to the size of the neutral block. Conversely, for (PTEA)96-b-(PEO)100/DNA polyplexes, the size distribution was broad, indicating a more heterogeneous system. Polyplexes were also prepared by direct mixture at Z+/− of 2.0, and they displayed diameters around 120−150 nm, remaining stable for more than 10 days. Direct and reverse titration experiments showed that the order of addition affects both the size and charge of the resulting polyplexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Mello Giona
- LaMaFI—Laboratório de Materiais e Fenômenos de Interface, Chemistry Department, Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná (UTFPR), Medianeira, Curitiba 85884-000, Paraná (PR), Brazil
- Institute of Chemistry, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Caixa Postal 6154, Campinas 13083-970, São Paulo State (SP), Brazil
| | - Letícia Vitorazi
- Institute of Chemistry, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Caixa Postal 6154, Campinas 13083-970, São Paulo State (SP), Brazil
- Laboratório de Materiais Poliméricos, EEIMVR, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Volta Redonda 27255-125, Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Brazil
| | - Watson Loh
- Institute of Chemistry, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Caixa Postal 6154, Campinas 13083-970, São Paulo State (SP), Brazil
- Correspondence:
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Skandalis A, Selianitis D, Sory DR, Rankin SM, Jones JR, Pispas S. Poly(2‐(dimethylamino) ethyl methacrylate)‐
b
‐poly(lauryl methacrylate)‐
b
‐poly(oligo ethylene glycol methacrylate) triblock terpolymer micelles as drug delivery carriers for curcumin. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.52899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Athanasios Skandalis
- Department of Materials Imperial College London London UK
- Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Institute National Hellenic Research Foundation Athens Greece
| | - Dimitrios Selianitis
- Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Institute National Hellenic Research Foundation Athens Greece
| | - David R. Sory
- Faculty of Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute Imperial College London London UK
| | - Sara M. Rankin
- Faculty of Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute Imperial College London London UK
| | | | - Stergios Pispas
- Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Institute National Hellenic Research Foundation Athens Greece
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Hao QH, Cheng J, Yang F, Tan HG. Self-assembled morphologies of polyelectrolyte-grafted nanoparticles directed by oppositely charged polymer matrices. RSC Adv 2022; 12:19726-19735. [PMID: 35865210 PMCID: PMC9260519 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra00867j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Self-assembled structure of polymer grafted nanoparticles is an interesting and growing subject in the field of hybrid electronics and high energy density materials. In light of this, the self-assembled morphologies of polyelectrolyte (PE) sparsely grafted nanoparticles tuned by oppositely charged matrix chains are studied using molecular dynamics simulations. Our focus is to elucidate the effect of matrix chain polymerization on modulating the stretching properties of tethered PE layers, on the self-assembled structuring of nanoparticles. Through varying the matrix chain length and stiffness as well as electrostatic interaction strength, rich phase behaviors of PE coated nanoparticles are predicted, including spherical micelle-like structures being preferred with short matrix chains and percolating network morphologies favored with long matrix chains, which is more pronounced with an enhanced matrix chain rigidness. To pinpoint the mechanisms of self-assembled structure formation, the thickness of grafted layers, the gyration radius of tethered chains, and pair correlation functions between nanoparticles are analyzed carefully. Additionally, electrostatic correlations, manifested as the bridging via matrix chains, are examined by identifying three states of matrix PE chains. Our simulation results may be useful for designing smart polymer nanocomposites based on PE coated nanoparticles. Self-assembled structure of polymer grafted nanoparticles is an interesting and growing subject in the field of hybrid electronics and high energy density materials.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Hai Hao
- College of Science, Civil Aviation University of China Tianjin 300300 China
| | - Jie Cheng
- College of Science, Civil Aviation University of China Tianjin 300300 China
| | - Fan Yang
- College of Science, Civil Aviation University of China Tianjin 300300 China
| | - Hong-Ge Tan
- College of Science, Civil Aviation University of China Tianjin 300300 China
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Neofytos DD, Papagiannopoulos A, Chrysina ED, Pispas S. Formation and physicochemical properties of glycogen phosphorylase in complex with a cationic polyelectrolyte. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 206:371-380. [PMID: 35240213 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.02.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The accumulation of rabbit muscle glycogen phosphorylase b (RMGPb) in electrostatic complexes with the cationic polyelectrolyte poly 2-(dimethylamino) ethyl methacrylate in its quenched form (QPDMAEMA) was studied in two buffer solutions. In the N-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-aminoethanesulfonic acid (BES) buffer, large complexes of RMGPb-QPDMAEMA were formed which adopted smaller sizes as QPDMAEMA concentration increased. However, in N-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine-N'-(2-ethanesulfonic acid) (HEPES) buffer, the hydrodynamic radius of the formed complexes gradually increased as the polymer concentration increased. Zeta potential measurements (ζp) showed that RMGPb significantly changed the ζp of the QPDMAEMA aggregates. Fluorescence studies showed that the interaction between RMGPb and QPDMAEAMA was enhanced as polymer concentration increased. Specifically, 8-anilinonaphthalene-1-sulfonic acid (ANS) fluorescence indicated that in the BES buffer the aggregates became denser as more QPDMAEMA was added, while in the HEPES buffer the density of the formed structures decreased. RMGPb's secondary structure was examined by Attenuated Total Reflection - Fourier Transform Infrared (ATR-FTIR) and Circular Dichroism (CD) showing that QPDMAEMA interaction with RMGPb does not induce any changes to the secondary structure of the enzyme. These observations suggest that cationic polyelectrolytes may be utilized for the formulation of RMGPb in multifunctional nanostructures and be further exploited in innovative biotechnology applications and bioinspired materials development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dionysios D Neofytos
- Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Institute, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Avenue, 11635 Athens, Greece; Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Avenue, 11635 Athens, Greece
| | - Aristeidis Papagiannopoulos
- Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Institute, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Avenue, 11635 Athens, Greece.
| | - Evangelia D Chrysina
- Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Avenue, 11635 Athens, Greece.
| | - Stergios Pispas
- Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Institute, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Avenue, 11635 Athens, Greece
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Chrysostomou V, Forys A, Trzebicka B, Demetzos C, Pispas S. Structure of micelleplexes formed between QPDMAEMA-b-PLMA amphiphilic cationic copolymer micelles and DNA of different lengths. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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7
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Ding Y, Wen G, Chrysostomou V, Pispas S, Jiang K, Sun Z, Li H. Aggregation behavior of the strong amphiphilic cationic diblock polyelectrolytes at the air/water interface. J Appl Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/app.52079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanping Ding
- Department of Polymer Materials and Engineering School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin University of Science and Technology Harbin China
| | - Gangyao Wen
- Department of Polymer Materials and Engineering School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin University of Science and Technology Harbin China
| | - Varvara Chrysostomou
- Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Institute National Hellenic Research Foundation Athens Greece
| | - Stergios Pispas
- Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Institute National Hellenic Research Foundation Athens Greece
| | - Kun Jiang
- Department of Polymer Materials and Engineering School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin University of Science and Technology Harbin China
| | - Zhaoyan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun China
| | - Hongfei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun China
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Niskanen J, Peltekoff AJ, Bullet JR, Lessard BH, Winnik FM. Enthalpy of the Complexation in Electrolyte Solutions of Polycations and Polyzwitterions of Different Structures and Topologies. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c00586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jukka Niskanen
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Ottawa, 161 Louis Pasteur, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
- Faculté de Pharmacie et Département de Chimie, Université de Montréal, CP 6128 Succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Alexander J. Peltekoff
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Ottawa, 161 Louis Pasteur, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Jean-Richard Bullet
- Faculté de Pharmacie et Département de Chimie, Université de Montréal, CP 6128 Succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Benoît H. Lessard
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Ottawa, 161 Louis Pasteur, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Françoise M. Winnik
- Faculté de Pharmacie et Département de Chimie, Université de Montréal, CP 6128 Succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPN-MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
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PnBA-b-PNIPAM-b-PDMAEA Thermo-Responsive Triblock Terpolymers and Their Quaternized Analogs as Gene and Drug Delivery Vectors. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13142361. [PMID: 34301119 PMCID: PMC8309626 DOI: 10.3390/polym13142361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work, the ability of thermo-responsive poly [butyl acrylate-b-N-isopropylacrylamide-b-2-(dimethylamino) ethyl acrylate] (PnBA-b-PNIPAM-b-PDMAEA) triblock terpolymer self-assemblies, as well as of their quaternized analogs (PnBA-b-PNIPAM-b-QPDMAEA), to form polyplexes with DNA through electrostatic interactions was examined. Terpolymer/DNA polyplexes were prepared in three different amine over phosphate group ratios (N/P), and linear DNA with a 2000 base pair length was used. In aqueous solutions, the terpolymers formed aggregates of micelles with mixed PNIPAM/(Q)PDMAEA coronas and PnBA cores. The PnBA-b-PNIPAM-b-PDMAEA terpolymers’ micellar aggregates were also examined as carriers for the model hydrophobic drug curcumin (CUR). The complexation ability of the terpolymer with DNA was studied by UV–Vis spectroscopy and fluorescence spectroscopy by investigating ethidium bromide quenching. Fluorescence was also used for the determination of the intrinsic fluorescence of the CUR-loaded micellar aggregates. The structural characteristics of the polyplexes and the CUR-loaded aggregates were investigated by dynamic and electrophoretic light scattering techniques. Polyplexes were found to structurally respond to changes in solution temperature and ionic strength, while the intrinsic fluorescence of encapsulated CUR was increased at temperatures above ambient.
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10
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Giaouzi D, Pispas S. Complexation behavior of PNIPAM-b-QPDMAEA copolymer aggregates with linear DNAs of different lengths. Eur Polym J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2021.110575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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11
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Kumar R, Santa Chalarca CF, Bockman MR, Bruggen CV, Grimme CJ, Dalal RJ, Hanson MG, Hexum JK, Reineke TM. Polymeric Delivery of Therapeutic Nucleic Acids. Chem Rev 2021; 121:11527-11652. [PMID: 33939409 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The advent of genome editing has transformed the therapeutic landscape for several debilitating diseases, and the clinical outlook for gene therapeutics has never been more promising. The therapeutic potential of nucleic acids has been limited by a reliance on engineered viral vectors for delivery. Chemically defined polymers can remediate technological, regulatory, and clinical challenges associated with viral modes of gene delivery. Because of their scalability, versatility, and exquisite tunability, polymers are ideal biomaterial platforms for delivering nucleic acid payloads efficiently while minimizing immune response and cellular toxicity. While polymeric gene delivery has progressed significantly in the past four decades, clinical translation of polymeric vehicles faces several formidable challenges. The aim of our Account is to illustrate diverse concepts in designing polymeric vectors towards meeting therapeutic goals of in vivo and ex vivo gene therapy. Here, we highlight several classes of polymers employed in gene delivery and summarize the recent work on understanding the contributions of chemical and architectural design parameters. We touch upon characterization methods used to visualize and understand events transpiring at the interfaces between polymer, nucleic acids, and the physiological environment. We conclude that interdisciplinary approaches and methodologies motivated by fundamental questions are key to designing high-performing polymeric vehicles for gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramya Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | | | - Matthew R Bockman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Craig Van Bruggen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Christian J Grimme
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Rishad J Dalal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Mckenna G Hanson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Joseph K Hexum
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Theresa M Reineke
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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