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Stepancikova R, Olejnik R, Matyas J, Masar M, Hausnerova B, Slobodian P. Pressure-Driven Piezoelectric Sensors and Energy Harvesting in Biaxially Oriented Polyethylene Terephthalate Film. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 24:1275. [PMID: 38400433 PMCID: PMC10892756 DOI: 10.3390/s24041275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
This study reports the possibility of using biaxially oriented polyethylene terephthalate (BOPET) plastic packaging to convert mechanical energy into electrical energy. Electricity is generated due to the piezoelectricity of BOPET. Electricity generation depends on the mechanical deformation of the processing aids (inorganic crystals), which were found and identified by SEM and EDAX analyses as SiO2. BOPET, as an electron source, was assembled and tested as an energy conversion and self-powered mechanical stimuli sensor using potential applications in wearable electronics. When a pressure pulse after pendulum impact with a maximum stress of 926 kPa and an impact velocity of 2.1 m/s was applied, a voltage of 60 V was generated with short-circuit current and charge densities of 15 μAcm-2 and 138 nCm-2, respectively. Due to the orientation and stress-induced crystallization of polymer chains, BOPET films acquire very good mechanical properties, which are not lost during their primary usage as packaging materials and are beneficial for the durability of the sensors. The signals detected using BOPET sensors derived from pendulum impact and sieve analyses were also harvested for up to 80 cycles and up to 40 s with short-circuit voltages of 107 V and 95 V, respectively. In addition to their low price, the advantage of sensors made from BOPET plastic packaging waste lies in their chemical resistance and stability under exposure to oxygen, ultraviolet light, and moisture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romana Stepancikova
- Centre of Polymer Systems, University Institute, Tomas Bata University, Trida T. Bati 5678, 76001 Zlin, Czech Republic; (R.S.); (R.O.); (J.M.); (M.M.); (B.H.)
| | - Robert Olejnik
- Centre of Polymer Systems, University Institute, Tomas Bata University, Trida T. Bati 5678, 76001 Zlin, Czech Republic; (R.S.); (R.O.); (J.M.); (M.M.); (B.H.)
| | - Jiri Matyas
- Centre of Polymer Systems, University Institute, Tomas Bata University, Trida T. Bati 5678, 76001 Zlin, Czech Republic; (R.S.); (R.O.); (J.M.); (M.M.); (B.H.)
| | - Milan Masar
- Centre of Polymer Systems, University Institute, Tomas Bata University, Trida T. Bati 5678, 76001 Zlin, Czech Republic; (R.S.); (R.O.); (J.M.); (M.M.); (B.H.)
| | - Berenika Hausnerova
- Centre of Polymer Systems, University Institute, Tomas Bata University, Trida T. Bati 5678, 76001 Zlin, Czech Republic; (R.S.); (R.O.); (J.M.); (M.M.); (B.H.)
- Department of Production Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, Vavreckova 5669, 76001 Zlin, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Slobodian
- Centre of Polymer Systems, University Institute, Tomas Bata University, Trida T. Bati 5678, 76001 Zlin, Czech Republic; (R.S.); (R.O.); (J.M.); (M.M.); (B.H.)
- Department of Physics and Materials Engineering, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, Vavreckova 5669, 76001 Zlin, Czech Republic
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2
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Chen M, Ong WL, Peng B, Guo X, Ren J, Zhu Y, Li H. Enabling Polymer Single Crystals to Be High-Performance Dielectric. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202314685. [PMID: 38158892 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202314685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Semicrystalline polymer dielectrics (SPDs) are highly sought-after state-of-the-art dielectric materials. As the disorder in SPDs degrades their electrical properties, homogeneously ordered SPDs are desired. However, complex crystallization behaviors of polymers make such homogeneity elusive. Polymer lamellar single crystals (PLSCs), the most regularly-ordered form of SPDs possible under mild crystallizing conditions, are ideal platforms for understanding and developing high-performance dielectric materials. Here, a typical and widely used SPD, polyethylene (PE) is selected as the model material. We successfully obtained, large, uniform, and high-quality PE PLSCs and devised a non-destructive strategy to construct PE PLSC-based vertical capacitors. These nanometer-thick capacitors exhibit exceptional dielectric properties, with a high breakdown strength of 6.95 MV/cm and a low dielectric constant of 2.14±0.07, that outperform the properties of any existing neat PE. This work provides novel insights into exploring the performance possibility of ordered SPDs and reveals the PLSCs as potential high-performance dielectric materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, International Research Center for X Polymers, Shanxi-Zheda Institute of Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Wee-Liat Ong
- ZJU-UIUC Institute, College of Energy Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Boyu Peng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, International Research Center for X Polymers, Shanxi-Zheda Institute of Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Xuyun Guo
- Department of Applied Physics, Research Institute for Smart Energy, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, 0000, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Jie Ren
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, International Research Center for X Polymers, Shanxi-Zheda Institute of Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Ye Zhu
- Department of Applied Physics, Research Institute for Smart Energy, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, 0000, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Hanying Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, International Research Center for X Polymers, Shanxi-Zheda Institute of Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
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3
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Rui G, Bernholc JJ, Zhang S, Zhang Q. Dilute Nanocomposites: Tuning Polymer Chain Local Nanostructures to Enhance Dielectric Responses. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2311739. [PMID: 38345782 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202311739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Dielectric polymers possessing high energy and low losses are of great interest for electronic and electric devices and systems. Nanocomposites in which high dielectric constant (high-K) nanofillers at high loading (>10 vol%) are admixed with polymer matrix have been investigated for decades, aiming at enhancing the dielectric performance, but with limited success. In 2017, it is discovered that reducing nanofiller loading to less than 0.5 vol% in polymer matrix can lead to marked enhancement in dielectric performance. Here, we reviewed the discoveries and advances of this unconventional approach to enhance dielectric performance of polymers. Experimental studies uncover that nanofillers lead to interfaces changes over distances larger than 100 nm. Experimental and modeling results show that introducing free volume in polymers reduces the constraints of glass matrix on dipoles in polymers, leading to enhanced K without affecting breakdown. Moreover, low-K nanofillers at low-volume loading serve as deep traps for charges, lowering conduction losses and increasing breakdown strength. The dilute nanocomposites provide new avenues for designing dielectric polymers with high K, minimal losses, and robust breakdown fields, thus achieving high energy and power density and low loss for operation over a broad temperature regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanchun Rui
- Arkema Inc., 900 First Avenue, King of Prussia, PA, 19406, USA
| | | | - Shihai Zhang
- PolyK Technologies, State College, PA, 16801, USA
| | - Qiming Zhang
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Materials Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
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4
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Ju T, Treufeld I, Wolak M, Ponting M, Baer E, Zhu L. Effect of Glass Transition Temperature on Enhanced Dielectric Breakdown Strength and Lifetime of Multilayer Polymer Films. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:795-806. [PMID: 38149962 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c15430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
High temperature, high energy density, and low loss dielectric films are promising candidates for miniaturized capacitors in electric vehicles and high-speed trains. However, single-component polymers could not achieve these desired properties simultaneously. Polymer multilayer films (MLFs), which combine a high dielectric constant polymer [e.g., poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF)] and a high breakdown/low loss polymer [e.g., polycarbonate (PC)] in a unique layered structure, have the potential achieve them at the same time. In this work, the effects of PC glass transition temperature (Tg) on the dielectric insulation properties (breakdown strength and lifetime) were investigated at high temperatures of 100-150 °C. Three PC materials had Tg values of 145 (PC1), 165 (PC2), and 185 °C (PC3), respectively. It is observed that MLF-PC3 with the highest Tg of PC exhibited the highest Weibull direct/alternating current (DC/AC) breakdown strength and the longest DC/AC lifetime, whereas MLF-PC1 with the lowest Tg showed the lowest Weibull DC/AC breakdown strength and the shortest DC/AC lifetime. A high-temperature high-volage leakage current study revealed that MLF-PC3 exhibited the lowest bulk conductivity at all temperatures under different electric fields. The knowledge obtained from this study will help us design better MLFs with high performance for next-generation miniaturized capacitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianxiong Ju
- Center for Layered Polymeric Systems (CLiPS) and Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106-7202, United States
| | - Imre Treufeld
- Center for Layered Polymeric Systems (CLiPS) and Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106-7202, United States
| | - Mason Wolak
- Peak Nano, LLC, 7700 Hub Parkway, Valley View, Ohio 44125, United States
| | - Michael Ponting
- Peak Nano, LLC, 7700 Hub Parkway, Valley View, Ohio 44125, United States
| | - Eric Baer
- Center for Layered Polymeric Systems (CLiPS) and Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106-7202, United States
| | - Lei Zhu
- Center for Layered Polymeric Systems (CLiPS) and Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106-7202, United States
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Thomsen TB, Almdal K, Meyer AS. Significance of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) substrate crystallinity on enzymatic degradation. N Biotechnol 2023; 78:162-172. [PMID: 37939899 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2023.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) is a semi-crystalline plastic polyester material with a global production volume of 83 Mt/year. PET is mainly used in textiles, but also widely used for packaging materials, notably plastic bottles, and is a major contributor to environmental plastic waste accumulation. Now that enzymes have been demonstrated to catalyze PET degradation, new options for sustainable bio-recycling of PET materials via enzymatic catalysis have emerged. The enzymatic degradation rate is strongly influenced by the properties of PET, notably the degree of crystallinity, XC. The higher the XC of the PET material, the slower the enzymatic rate. Crystallization of PET, resulting in increased XC, is induced thermally (via heating) and/or mechanically (via stretching), and the XC of most PET plastic bottles and microplastics exceeds what currently known enzymes can readily degrade. The enzymatic action occurs at the surface of the insoluble PET material and improves when the polyester chain mobility increases. The chain mobility increases drastically when the temperature exceeds the glass transition temperature, Tg, which is ∼40 °C at the surface layer of PET. Since PET crystallization starts at 70 °C, the ideal temperature for enzymatic degradation is just below 70 °C to balance high chain mobility and enzymatic reaction activation without inducing crystal formation. This paper reviews the current understanding on the properties of PET as an enzyme substrate and summarizes the most recent knowledge of how the crystalline and amorphous regions of PET form, and how the XC and the Tg impact the efficiency of enzymatic PET degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thore Bach Thomsen
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, DTU Bioengineering, Protein Chemistry and Enzyme Technology Section, Building 221, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Kristoffer Almdal
- DTU Chemistry, Building 206, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Anne S Meyer
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, DTU Bioengineering, Protein Chemistry and Enzyme Technology Section, Building 221, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs Lyngby, Denmark.
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Liu CY, Li DL, Wang ZH, Li Y, Zhou SY, Xu L, Zhong GJ, Huang HD, Li ZM. Massively Parallel Aligned Poly(vinylidene fluoride) Nanofibrils in All-Organic Dielectric Polymer Composite Films for Electric Energy Storage. Macromolecules 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c02563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Yan Liu
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, No. 24 South Section 1, Yihuan Road, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - De-Long Li
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, No. 24 South Section 1, Yihuan Road, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Zhi-Hao Wang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, No. 24 South Section 1, Yihuan Road, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Yue Li
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, No. 24 South Section 1, Yihuan Road, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Sheng-Yang Zhou
- Nanotechnology and Functional Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, 75103 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ling Xu
- School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Sichuan University, No. 24 South Section 1, Yihuan Road, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Gan-Ji Zhong
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, No. 24 South Section 1, Yihuan Road, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Hua-Dong Huang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, No. 24 South Section 1, Yihuan Road, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Zhong-Ming Li
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, No. 24 South Section 1, Yihuan Road, Chengdu 610065, China
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7
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Wang Z, Wang J, Pang Y, Yan M, Shao W, Zhu J, Zheng W. To Effectively Tune the Cell Structure of Poly(ethylene 2,5-furandicarboxylate- co-ethylene terephthalate) Copolyester Foams via Conducting a Prior Isothermal Melt Crystallization. Ind Eng Chem Res 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.2c03896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhijun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Polymeric Materials Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, Laboratory of Polymers and Composites, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201Zhejiang Province, China
- Faculty of Material Metallurgical and Chemistry, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou, 341000Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Jinggang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Polymeric Materials Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, Laboratory of Polymers and Composites, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yongyan Pang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Polymeric Materials Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, Laboratory of Polymers and Composites, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Ming Yan
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Polymeric Materials Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, Laboratory of Polymers and Composites, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Weiwei Shao
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Polymeric Materials Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, Laboratory of Polymers and Composites, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jin Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Polymeric Materials Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, Laboratory of Polymers and Composites, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Wenge Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Polymeric Materials Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, Laboratory of Polymers and Composites, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201Zhejiang Province, China
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8
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Shao H, Niu D, Liu B, Xu P, Yang W, Lemstra PJ, Bastiaansen CW, Wang Z, Wang C, Ma P. Mono-layer films with superior barrier properties and full recyclability: The system of Poly(ethylene terephthalate)/Poly(glycolic acid). POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.125594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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9
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Niu D, Xu P, Li J, Yang W, Liu T, Ma P. Strong, ductile and durable Poly(glycolic acid)-based films by constructing crystalline orientation, entanglement network and rigid amorphous fraction. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.125532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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10
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Effect of oligo(ethylene glycol) length on properties of poly(oligoethylene glycol terephthalate)s and their cyclic oligomers. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.125369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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11
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Rui G, Allahyarov E, Thomas JJ, Taylor PL, Zhu L. Temperature-Dependent Rotational Dipole Mobility and Devitrification of the Rigid Amorphous Fraction in Unpoled and Poled Biaxially Oriented Poly(vinylidene fluoride). Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c01110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guanchun Rui
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio44106-7202, United States
| | - Elshad Allahyarov
- Department of Physics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio44106-7079, United States
- Theoretical Department, Joint Institute for High Temperatures, Russian Academy of Sciences, 13/19 Izhorskaya Street, Moscow125412, Russia
- Institut für Theoretische Physik II: Weiche Materie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, DüsseldorfD-40225, Germany
| | - John J. Thomas
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts02155, United States
| | - Philip L. Taylor
- Department of Physics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio44106-7079, United States
| | - Lei Zhu
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio44106-7202, United States
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12
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Dependence of the foaming window of poly(ethylene terephthalate-co-ethylene 2,5-furandicarboxylate) copolyesters on FDCA content. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.125101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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13
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Hu J, Zhao X, Xie J, Liu Y, Sun S. Enhanced dielectric and energy storage properties of polypropylene by high‐energy electron beam irradiation. POLYM ENG SCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.25961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Hu
- Engineering Research Center of Synthetic Resin and Special Fiber, Ministry of Education Changchun University of Technology Changchun China
| | - Xuanchen Zhao
- Engineering Research Center of Synthetic Resin and Special Fiber, Ministry of Education Changchun University of Technology Changchun China
| | - Junhao Xie
- Engineering Research Center of Synthetic Resin and Special Fiber, Ministry of Education Changchun University of Technology Changchun China
| | - Yan Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Synthetic Resin and Special Fiber, Ministry of Education Changchun University of Technology Changchun China
| | - Shulin Sun
- Engineering Research Center of Synthetic Resin and Special Fiber, Ministry of Education Changchun University of Technology Changchun China
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14
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Zhang G, Li Q, Allahyarov E, Li Y, Zhu L. Challenges and Opportunities of Polymer Nanodielectrics for Capacitive Energy Storage. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:37939-37960. [PMID: 34370438 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c04991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
With the modern development of power electrification, polymer nanocomposite dielectrics (or nanodielectrics) have attracted significant research attention. The idea is to combine the high dielectric constant of inorganic nanofillers and the high breakdown strength/low loss of a polymer matrix for higher energy density polymer film capacitors. Although impressively high energy density has been achieved at the laboratory scale, there is still a large gap from the eventual goal of polymer nanodielectric capacitors. In this review, we focus on essential material issues for two types of polymer nanodielectrics, polymer/conductive nanoparticle and polymer/ceramic nanoparticle composites. Various material design parameters, including dielectric constant, dielectric loss, breakdown strength, high temperature rating, and discharged energy density will be discussed from both fundamental science and high-voltage capacitor application points of view. The objective is to identify advantages and disadvantages of the polymer nanodielectric approach against other approaches utilizing neat dielectric polymers and ceramics. Given the state-of-the-art understanding, future research directions are outlined for the continued development of polymer nanodielectrics for electric energy storage applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqiang Zhang
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106-7202, United States
| | - Qiong Li
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106-7202, United States
| | - Elshad Allahyarov
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106-7202, United States
- Institut für Theoretische Physik II: Weiche Materie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
- Theoretical Department, Joint Institute for High Temperatures, Russian Academy of Sciences, 13/19 Izhorskaya Street, Moscow 125412, Russia
| | - Yue Li
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Zhu
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106-7202, United States
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15
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The Effect of Trifluoroacetic Acid on Molecular Weight Determination of Polyesters: An in Situ NMR Investigation. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-021-2605-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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