1
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Zhu Y, Zhang J. Antimony-Based Halide Perovskite Nanoparticles as Lead-Free Photocatalysts for Controlled Radical Polymerization. Macromol Rapid Commun 2024; 45:e2300695. [PMID: 38350418 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202300695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
Metal halide perovskites have emerged as versatile photocatalysts to convert solar energy for chemical processes. Perovskite photocatalyzed polymerization draws special attention due to its straightforward synthesis process and the ability to create advanced perovskite-polymer nanocomposites. Herein, this work employs Cs3Sb2Br9 perovskite nanoparticles (NPs) as a lead-free photocatalyst for light-controlled atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). Cs3Sb2Br9 NPs exhibit high reduction potential and interact with electronegative bromide initiator with Lewis acid Sb sites, enabling efficient photoinduced reduction of initiators and controlled polymerization under blue light irradiation. Methacrylate monomers with various functional groups are successfully polymerized, and the resulting polymer showcased a dispersity (Đ) as small as 1.27. The living nature of polymerization is confirmed by high chain end fidelity and kinetic studies. Moreover, Cs3Sb2Br9 NPs serve as heterogeneous photocatalysts, demonstrating recyclability and reusability for up to four cycles. This work presents a promising approach to overcome the limitations of lead-based perovskites in photoinduced controlled radical polymerization, offering a sustainable and efficient alternative for the synthesis of well-defined polymeric materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Zhu
- Department of Materials Science and Nanoengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas, 77005, USA
| | - Jiahui Zhang
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, 30332, USA
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2
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Wu B, Ding QJ, Wang ZL, Zhu R. Alkyne Polymers from Stable Butatriene Homologues: Controlled Radical Polymerization of Vinylidenecyclopropanes. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:2045-2051. [PMID: 36688814 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c12220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Controlled polymerization of cumulenic monomers represents a promising yet underdeveloped strategy toward well-defined alkyne polymers. Here we report a stereoelectronic effect-inspired approach using simple vinylidenecyclopropanes (VDCPs) as butatriene homologues in controlled radical ring-opening polymerizations. While being thermally stable, VDCPs mimic butatrienes via conjugation of the cyclopropane ring. This leads to exclusive terminal-selective propagation that affords a highly structurally regular alkyne-based backbone, featuring complete ring-opening and no backbiting regardless of polymerization conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Qian-Jun Ding
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zheng-Lin Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Rong Zhu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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3
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Oburn SM, Huss S, Cox J, Gerthoffer MC, Wu S, Biswas A, Murphy M, Crespi VH, Badding JV, Lopez SA, Elacqua E. Photochemically Mediated Polymerization of Molecular Furan and Pyridine: Synthesis of Nanothreads at Reduced Pressures. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:22026-22034. [PMID: 36417898 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c09204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Nanothreads are emerging one-dimensional sp3-hybridized materials with high predicted tensile strength and a tunable band gap. They can be synthesized by compressing aromatic or nonaromatic small molecules to pressures ranging from 15-30 GPa. Recently, new avenues are being sought that reduce the pressure required to afford nanothreads; the focus has been placed on the polymerization of molecules with reduced aromaticity, favorable stacking, and/or the use of higher reaction temperatures. Herein, we report the photochemically mediated polymerization of pyridine and furan aromatic precursors, which achieves nanothread formation at reduced pressures. In the case of pyridine, it was found that a combination of slow compression/decompression with broadband UV light exposure yielded a crystalline product featuring a six-fold diffraction pattern with similar interplanar spacings to previously synthesized pyridine-derived nanothreads at a reduced pressure. When furan is compressed to 8 GPa and exposed to broadband UV light, a crystalline solid is recovered that similarly demonstrates X-ray diffraction with an interplanar spacing akin to that of the high-pressure synthesized furan-derived nanothreads. Our method realizes a 1.9-fold reduction in the maximum pressure required to afford furan-derived nanothreads and a 1.4-fold reduction in pressure required for pyridine-derived nanothreads. Density functional theory and multiconfigurational wavefunction-based computations were used to understand the photochemical activation of furan and subsequent cascade thermal cycloadditions. The reduction of the onset pressure is caused by an initial [4+4] cycloaddition followed by increasingly facile thermal [4+2]-cycloadditions during polymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalisa M Oburn
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Steven Huss
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Jordan Cox
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Margaret C Gerthoffer
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Sikai Wu
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Arani Biswas
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Morgan Murphy
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Vincent H Crespi
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States.,Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States.,Materials Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - John V Badding
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States.,Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States.,Materials Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Steven A Lopez
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Elizabeth Elacqua
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
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4
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Chen P, Huang PF, Xiong BQ, Huang HW, Tang KW, Liu Y. Visible-Light-Induced Decarboxylative Alkylation/Ring Opening and Esterification of Vinylcyclopropanes. Org Lett 2022; 24:5726-5730. [PMID: 35920748 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c02151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A visible-light-induced four-component reaction of vinylcyclopropanes, N-(acyloxy)phthalimide esters, N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), and H2O through an oxidative ring opening of cyclopropane is presented. This procedure provides a new and effective way to construct formate esters. DMF is employed as both a solvent and the source of CHO. This difunctionalization of vinylcyclopropanes shows good functional group tolerance under room temperature. A radical pathway is involved, and carbonyl oxygen of ester originated from water in this transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pu Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Yueyang, Hunan 414006, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan 411105, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng-Fei Huang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Yueyang, Hunan 414006, People's Republic of China
| | - Bi-Quan Xiong
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Yueyang, Hunan 414006, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua-Wen Huang
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan 411105, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke-Wen Tang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Yueyang, Hunan 414006, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Yueyang, Hunan 414006, People's Republic of China
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5
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Schumacher S, Pantawane S, Gekle S, Agarwal S. The Effect of Hydrogen Bonding on Polymerization Behavior of Monofunctional Vinyl Cyclopropane‐amides with Different Side Chains. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.202200155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sören Schumacher
- Macromolecular Chemistry II University of Bayreuth Universitätsstraße 30 95440 Bayreuth Germany
| | - Sanwardhini Pantawane
- Biofluid Simulation and Modeling Theoretische Physik VI Universität Bayreuth Universitätsstraße 30 95440 Bayreuth Germany
| | - Stephan Gekle
- Biofluid Simulation and Modeling Theoretische Physik VI Universität Bayreuth Universitätsstraße 30 95440 Bayreuth Germany
| | - Seema Agarwal
- Macromolecular Chemistry II University of Bayreuth Universitätsstraße 30 95440 Bayreuth Germany
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6
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7
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Corbin DA, Miyake GM. Photoinduced Organocatalyzed Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization (O-ATRP): Precision Polymer Synthesis Using Organic Photoredox Catalysis. Chem Rev 2022; 122:1830-1874. [PMID: 34842426 PMCID: PMC9815475 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The development of photoinduced organocatalyzed atom transfer radical polymerization (O-ATRP) has received considerable attention since its introduction in 2014. Expanding on many of the advantages of traditional ATRP, O-ATRP allows well-defined polymers to be produced under mild reaction conditions using organic photoredox catalysts. As a result, O-ATRP has opened access to a range of sensitive applications where the use of a metal catalyst could be of concern, such as electronics, certain biological applications, and the polymerization of coordinating monomers. However, key limitations of this method remain and necessitate further investigation to continue the development of this field. As such, this review details the achievements made to-date as well as future research directions that will continue to expand the capabilities and application landscape of O-ATRP.
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8
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Zhang DY, Han D, Li Y, Chen DF. Expanding monomer scope and enabling post-modification in photocontrolled radical ring-opening polymerization of vinylcyclopropanes by an iodine transfer strategy. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2py00874b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Visible light-driven iodine transfer polymerization provides efficient and unique access to novel poly(vinylcyclopropanes) with enhanced material properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Yang Zhang
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Dong Han
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hefei First People's Hospital, Hefei, Anhui 230001, China
| | - Yue Li
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Dian-Feng Chen
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
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9
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Zhu Y, Egap E. Light-Mediated Polymerization Induced by Semiconducting Nanomaterials: State-of-the-Art and Future Perspectives. ACS POLYMERS AU 2021; 1:76-99. [PMID: 36855427 PMCID: PMC9954404 DOI: 10.1021/acspolymersau.1c00014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Direct capture of solar energy for chemical transformation via photocatalysis proves to be a cost-effective and energy-saving approach to construct organic compounds. With the recent growth in photosynthesis, photopolymerization has been established as a robust strategy for the production of specialty polymers with complex structures, precise molecular weight, and narrow dispersity. A key challenge in photopolymerization is the scarcity of effective photomediators (photoinitiators, photocatalysts, etc.) that can provide polymerization with high yield and well-defined polymer products. Current efforts on developing photomediators have mainly focused on organic dyes and metal complexes. On the other hand, nanomaterials (NMs), particularly semiconducting nanomaterials (SNMs), are suitable candidates for photochemical reactions due to their unique optical and electrical properties, such as high absorption coefficients, large charge diffusion lengths, and broad absorption spectra. This review provides a comprehensive insight into SNMs' photomediated polymerizations and highlights the roles SNMs play in photopolymerizations, types of polymerizations, applications in producing advanced materials, and the future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Zhu
- †Department
of Materials Science and Nanoengineering and ‡Department of Chemical and Biomolecular
Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Eilaf Egap
- †Department
of Materials Science and Nanoengineering and ‡Department of Chemical and Biomolecular
Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States,
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10
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Wang K, Kang X, Yuan C, Han X, Liu Y, Cui Y. Porous 2D and 3D Covalent Organic Frameworks with Dimensionality-Dependent Photocatalytic Activity in Promoting Radical Ring-Opening Polymerization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:19466-19476. [PMID: 34164891 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202107915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Dimensionality is a fundamental parameter to modulate the properties of solid materials by tuning electronic structures. Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are a prominent class of porous crystalline materials, but the study of dimensional dependence on their physicochemical properties is still lacking. Herein we illustrate photocatalytic performances of N,N-diaryl dihydrophenazine (PN)-based COFs are heavily dependent on the structural dimensionality. Six isostructural imine-bonded 2D-PN COFs and one 3D-PN COF were prepared. All can be heterogeneous photocatalysts to promote radical ring-opening polymerization of vinylcyclopropanes (VCPs), which typically produces polymers with a combination of linear (l) and cyclic (c) repeat units. The 2D-PN COFs have much higher catalytic activity than the 3D-PN COF, allowing the efficient synthesis of poly(VCPs) with controlled molecular weight, low dispersity and high l/c selectivity (up to 97 %). The improved performance can be ascribed to the 2D structure which has a larger internal surface area, more catalytically active sites, higher photosensitizing ability and photoinduced electron transfer efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaixuan Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules and State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Xing Kang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules and State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Chen Yuan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules and State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Xing Han
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules and State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yan Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules and State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yong Cui
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules and State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
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11
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Wang K, Kang X, Yuan C, Han X, Liu Y, Cui Y. Porous 2D and 3D Covalent Organic Frameworks with Dimensionality‐Dependent Photocatalytic Activity in Promoting Radical Ring‐Opening Polymerization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202107915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kaixuan Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules and State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 China
| | - Xing Kang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules and State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 China
| | - Chen Yuan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules and State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 China
| | - Xing Han
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules and State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 China
| | - Yan Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules and State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 China
| | - Yong Cui
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules and State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 China
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12
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de Ávila Gonçalves S, R Rodrigues P, Pioli Vieira R. Metal-Free Organocatalyzed Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization: Synthesis, Applications, and Future Perspectives. Macromol Rapid Commun 2021; 42:e2100221. [PMID: 34223686 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202100221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Reversible deactivation radical polymerization (RDRP) is a class of powerful techniques capable of synthesizing polymers with a well-defined structure, properties, and functionalities. Among the available RDRPs, ATRP is the most investigated. However, the necessity of a metal catalyst represents a drawback and limits its use for some applications. O-ATRP emerged as an alternative to traditional ATRP that uses organic compounds that catalyze polymerization under light irradiation instead of metal. The friendly nature and the robustness of O-ATRP allow its use in the synthesis of tailorable advanced materials with unique properties. In this review, the fundamental aspects of the reductive and oxidative quenching mechanism of O-ATRP are provided, as well as insights into each component and its role in the reaction. Besides, the breakthrough recent studies that applied O-ATRP for the synthesis of functional materials are presented, which illustrate the significant potential and impact of this technique across diverse fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayeny de Ávila Gonçalves
- Department of Bioprocess and Materials Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, 13083-852, Brazil
| | - Plínio R Rodrigues
- Department of Bioprocess and Materials Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, 13083-852, Brazil
| | - Roniérik Pioli Vieira
- Department of Bioprocess and Materials Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, 13083-852, Brazil
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13
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Corbin DA, Puffer KO, Chism KA, Cole JP, Theriot JC, McCarthy BG, Buss BL, Lim CH, Lincoln SR, Newell BS, Miyake GM. Radical Addition to N, N-Diaryl Dihydrophenazine Photoredox Catalysts and Implications in Photoinduced Organocatalyzed Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization. Macromolecules 2021; 54:4507-4516. [PMID: 34483366 PMCID: PMC8411832 DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c00501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Photoinduced organocatalyzed atom transfer radical polymerization (O-ATRP) is a controlled radical polymerization methodology catalyzed by organic photoredox catalysts (PCs). In an efficient O-ATRP system, good control over molecular weight with an initiator efficiency (I* = M n,theo/M n,exp × 100%) near unity is achieved, and the synthesized polymers possess a low dispersity (Đ). N,N-Diaryl dihydrophenazine catalysts typically produce polymers with low dispersity (Đ < 1.3) but with less than unity molecular weight control (I* ~ 60-80%). This work explores the termination reactions that lead to decreased control over polymer molecular weight and identifies a reaction leading to radical addition to the phenazine core. This reaction can occur with radicals generated through reduction of the ATRP initiator or the polymer chain end. In addition to causing a decrease in I*, this reactivity modifies the properties of the PC, ultimately impacting polymerization control in O-ATRP. With this insight in mind, a new family of core-substituted N,N-diaryl dihydrophenazines is synthesized from commercially available ATRP initiators and employed in O-ATRP. These new core-substituted PCs improve both I* and Đ in the O-ATRP of MMA, while minimizing undesired side reactions during the polymerization. Further, the ability of one core-substituted PC to operate at low catalyst loadings is demonstrated, with minimal loss of polymerization control down to 100 ppm (weight average molecular weight [M w] = 10.8 kDa, Đ = 1.17, I* = 104% vs M w = 8.26, Đ = 1.10, I* = 107% at 1000 ppm) and signs of a controlled polymerization down to 10 ppm of the catalyst (M w = 12.1 kDa, Đ = 1.36, I* = 107%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A Corbin
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Katherine O Puffer
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Katherine A Chism
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Justin P Cole
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Jordan C Theriot
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Blaine G McCarthy
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Bonnie L Buss
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | | | - Sarah R Lincoln
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Brian S Newell
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Garret M Miyake
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
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14
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Zhu Y, Ramadani E, Egap E. Thiol ligand capped quantum dot as an efficient and oxygen tolerance photoinitiator for aqueous phase radical polymerization and 3D printing under visible light. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py00705j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
We report here a rapid visible-light-induced radical polymerization in aqueous media photoinitiated by only ppm level thiol ligand capped cadmium selenide quantum dots. The photoinitiation system could be readily employed for photo 3D printing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Zhu
- Department of Materials Science and Nanoengineering, USA
| | - Emira Ramadani
- Department of Materials Science and Nanoengineering, USA
| | - Eilaf Egap
- Department of Materials Science and Nanoengineering, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas, 77005, USA
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