1
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Sun Y, Zhang J, Liu F, Zhang Q. Kinetically Controlled Star Copolymer Self-Assembly for Rapid Fabrication of Nanoparticles with High Encapsulation Capacity. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202301024. [PMID: 37218025 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202301024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Rapid and scalable self-assembly of an amphiphilic 21-arm star copolymer, (polystyrene-block-polyethylene glycol)21 [(PS-b-PEG)21 ] in aqueous solution has been performed by reverse solvent exchange procedure. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) and nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) reveal the formation of nanoparticles with narrow size distribution. Further investigation indicates a kinetically controlled self-assembly mechanism of the copolymers, in which the star topology of the amphiphilic copolymer and deep quenching condition by reverse solvent exchange are key to accelerate intrachain contraction of the copolymer during phase separation. When interchain contraction dominant over interchain association, nanoparticles with low aggregation number could be formed. Thanks to the high hydrophobic contents of the (PS-b-PEG)21 polymers, the resulted nanoparticles could encapsulate a high capacity of hydrophobic cargo up to 19.84 %. The kinetically controlled star copolymer self-assembly process reported here provides a platform for the rapid and scalable fabrication of nanoparticle with high drug loading capacity (LC), which may find broad range of applications in, for example drug delivery, nanopesticide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yawei Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behaviour of Materials, Shaanxi International Research Center for Soft Matter, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P.R. China
| | - Jiaqi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behaviour of Materials, Shaanxi International Research Center for Soft Matter, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P.R. China
| | - Feng Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behaviour of Materials, Shaanxi International Research Center for Soft Matter, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P.R. China
| | - Qilu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behaviour of Materials, Shaanxi International Research Center for Soft Matter, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P.R. China
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2
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Dipole-driven interlude of mesomorphism in polyelectrolyte solutions. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2204163119. [PMID: 36161915 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2204163119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Uniformly charged polyelectrolyte molecules disperse uniformly in aqueous electrolyte solutions, due to electrostatic repulsion between them. In stark contrast to this well-established result of homogeneous polyelectrolyte solutions, we report a phenomenon where an aqueous solution of positively charged poly(L-lysine) (PLL) exhibits precipitation of similarly charged macromolecules at low ionic strength and a homogeneous solution at very high ionic strength, with a stable mesomorphic state of spherical aggregates as an interlude between these two limits. The precipitation at lower ionic strengths that is orthogonal to the standard polyelectrolyte behavior and the emergence of the mesomorphic state are triggered by the presence of a monovalent small organic anion, acrylate, in the electrolyte solution. Using light scattering, we find that the hydrodynamic radius Rh of isolated PLL chains shrinks upon a decrease in electrolyte (NaBr) concentration, exhibiting the "anti-polyelectrolyte effect." In addition, Rh of the aggregates in the mesomorphic state depends on PLL concentration cp according to the scaling law, [Formula: see text]. Furthermore, at higher PLL concentration, the mesomorphic aggregates disassemble by a self-poisoning mechanism. We conjecture that all these findings can be attributed to both intra- and interchain dipolar interactions arising from the transformation of polycationic PLL into a physical polyzwitterionic PLL at higher concentrations of acrylate. The reported phenomenon of PLL exhibiting dipole-directed assembly of mesomorphic states and the anti-polyelectrolyte effect are of vital importance toward understanding more complex situations such as coacervation and formation of biomolecular condensates.
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3
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Javan Nikkhah S, Vandichel M. Modeling Polyzwitterion-Based Drug Delivery Platforms: A Perspective of the Current State-of-the-Art and Beyond. ACS ENGINEERING AU 2022; 2:274-294. [PMID: 35996394 PMCID: PMC9389590 DOI: 10.1021/acsengineeringau.2c00008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
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Drug delivery platforms
are anticipated to have biocompatible and
bioinert surfaces. PEGylation of drug carriers is the most approved
method since it improves water solubility and colloid stability and
decreases the drug vehicles’ interactions with blood components.
Although this approach extends their biocompatibility, biorecognition
mechanisms prevent them from biodistribution and thus efficient drug
transfer. Recent studies have shown (poly)zwitterions to be alternatives
for PEG with superior biocompatibility. (Poly)zwitterions are super
hydrophilic, mainly stimuli-responsive, easy to functionalize and
they display an extremely low protein adsorption and long biodistribution
time. These unique characteristics make them already promising candidates
as drug delivery carriers. Furthermore, since they have highly dense
charged groups with opposite signs, (poly)zwitterions are intensely
hydrated under physiological conditions. This exceptional hydration
potential makes them ideal for the design of therapeutic vehicles
with antifouling capability, i.e., preventing undesired
sorption of biologics from the human body in the drug delivery vehicle.
Therefore, (poly)zwitterionic materials have been broadly applied
in stimuli-responsive “intelligent” drug delivery systems
as well as tumor-targeting carriers because of their excellent biocompatibility,
low cytotoxicity, insignificant immunogenicity, high stability, and
long circulation time. To tailor (poly)zwitterionic drug vehicles,
an interpretation of the structural and stimuli-responsive behavior
of this type of polymer is essential. To this end, a direct study
of molecular-level interactions, orientations, configurations, and
physicochemical properties of (poly)zwitterions is required, which
can be achieved via molecular modeling, which has become an influential
tool for discovering new materials and understanding diverse material
phenomena. As the essential bridge between science and engineering,
molecular simulations enable the fundamental understanding of the
encapsulation and release behavior of intelligent drug-loaded (poly)zwitterion
nanoparticles and can help us to systematically design their next
generations. When combined with experiments, modeling can make quantitative
predictions. This perspective article aims to illustrate key recent
developments in (poly)zwitterion-based drug delivery systems. We summarize
how to use predictive multiscale molecular modeling techniques to
successfully boost the development of intelligent multifunctional
(poly)zwitterions-based systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sousa Javan Nikkhah
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick V94 T9PX, Republic of Ireland
| | - Matthias Vandichel
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick V94 T9PX, Republic of Ireland
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4
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Xu J, Abetz V. Double thermoresponsive graft copolymers with different chain ends: feasible precursors for covalently crosslinked hydrogels. SOFT MATTER 2022; 18:2082-2091. [PMID: 35199817 DOI: 10.1039/d1sm01692j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The tailored synthesis of graft copolymers from acrylic and methacrylic monomers can be accomplished solely through photoiniferter reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization. Samples with poly[oligo(ethylene glycol) methacrylate] (POEGMA) backbones synthesized under green light irradiation and poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) side chains growing under blue light irradiation are presented. As monitored by temperature-dependent dynamic light scattering (DLS) measurements and temperature-variable nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, the architecture of the graft copolymers allows unique two-step lower critical solution temperature (LCST) transitions in aqueous solutions. Meanwhile, different end-groups introduced by the corresponding RAFT agents affect the detailed thermoresponsive behavior remarkably. This RAFT strategy shows more advantages when the multiple trithiocarbonate groups are converted into thiol reactive pyridyl disulfide (PDS) groups via a facile post-polymerization modification. The PDS-terminated graft copolymer can then be regarded as a usable precursor for various applications, such as thermoresponsive hydrogels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingcong Xu
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Universität Hamburg, Grindelallee 117, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Volker Abetz
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Universität Hamburg, Grindelallee 117, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
- Institute of Membrane Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Max-Planck-Straße 1, 21502 Geesthacht, Germany.
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5
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Nabiyan A, Max JB, Schacher FH. Double hydrophilic copolymers - synthetic approaches, architectural variety, and current application fields. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:995-1044. [PMID: 35005750 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00086a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Solubility and functionality of polymeric materials are essential properties determining their role in any application. In that regard, double hydrophilic copolymers (DHC) are typically constructed from two chemically dissimilar but water-soluble building blocks. During the past decades, these materials have been intensely developed and utilised as, e.g., matrices for the design of multifunctional hybrid materials, in drug carriers and gene delivery, as nanoreactors, or as sensors. This is predominantly due to almost unlimited possibilities to precisely tune DHC composition and topology, their solution behavior, e.g., stimuli-response, and potential interactions with small molecules, ions and (nanoparticle) surfaces. In this contribution we want to highlight that this class of polymers has experienced tremendous progress regarding synthesis, architectural variety, and the possibility to combine response to different stimuli within one material. Especially the implementation of DHCs as versatile building blocks in hybrid materials expanded the range of water-based applications during the last two decades, which now includes also photocatalysis, sensing, and 3D inkjet printing of hydrogels, definitely going beyond already well-established utilisation in biomedicine or as templates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afshin Nabiyan
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich-Schiller University Jena, Lessingstraße 8, D-07743 Jena, Germany. .,Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, D-07743 Jena, Germany.,Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry Jena (CEEC Jena), Philosophenweg 7a, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Johannes B Max
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich-Schiller University Jena, Lessingstraße 8, D-07743 Jena, Germany. .,Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, D-07743 Jena, Germany.,Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry Jena (CEEC Jena), Philosophenweg 7a, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Felix H Schacher
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich-Schiller University Jena, Lessingstraße 8, D-07743 Jena, Germany. .,Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, D-07743 Jena, Germany.,Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry Jena (CEEC Jena), Philosophenweg 7a, 07743 Jena, Germany
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Li X, Bao W, Liu M, Meng J, Wang Z, Sun M, Zhang L, Tian Z. Polymeric micelles-based nanoagents enable phototriggering combined chemotherapy and photothermal therapy with high sensitivity. Biomater Sci 2022; 10:5520-5534. [DOI: 10.1039/d2bm00652a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A new type of polymeric nanomicelles-based nanoagent (denoted as PT@MFH hereafter) capable of highly sensitively releasing chemotherapeutic drug paclitaxel (PTX) upon triggering of near-infrared laser was developed by encapsulating PTX...
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7
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Sakamoto Y, Nishimura T. Recent advances in the self-assembly of sparsely grafted amphiphilic copolymers in aqueous solution. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2py01018f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This review describes the self-assembly of sparsely grafted amphiphilic copolymers and highlights the effects of structural factors and solvents on their self-assembly behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Sakamoto
- Department of Chemistry and Materials, Faculty of Textile Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Ueda, Nagano 386-8567, Japan
| | - Tomoki Nishimura
- Department of Chemistry and Materials, Faculty of Textile Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Ueda, Nagano 386-8567, Japan
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8
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Zhao P, Deng M, Yang Y, Zhang J, Zhang Y. Synthesis and Self-Assembly of Thermoresponsive Biohybrid Graft Copolymers Based on a Combination of Passerini Multicomponent Reaction and Molecular Recognition. Macromol Rapid Commun 2021; 42:e2100424. [PMID: 34505724 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202100424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Amphiphilic graft copolymers exhibit fascinating self-assembly behaviors. Their molecular architectures significantly affect the morphology and functionality of the self-assemblies. Considering the potential application of amphiphilic graft copolymers in the fabrication of nanocarriers, it is essential to synthesize well-defined graft copolymers with desired functional groups. Herein, the Passerini reaction and molecular recognition are introduced to the synthesis of functional thermoresponsive graft copolymers. A bifunctional monomer 2-((adamantan-1-yl)amino)-1-(4-((2-bromo-2-methylpropanoyl)oxy)phenyl)-2-oxoethyl methacrylate (ABMA) with a bromo group for atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) and an adamantyl group for molecular recognition is synthesized through the Passerini reaction. The graft copolymers are prepared by reversible addition-fragmentation transfer (RAFT) copolymerization of ABMA and oligo(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate (OEGMA) followed by RAFT end group removal and ATRP of di(ethylene glycol)methyl ether methacrylate (DEGMA) initiated by the ABMA units. The graft copolymer P(OEGMA-co-ABMA)-g-PDEGMA can be functionalized with β-cyclodextrin modified peptides, affording a thermoresponsive biohybrid graft copolymer. At a temperature above its lower critical solution temperature, the biohybrid graft copolymer self-assembles into peptide-modified polymersomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiqiong Zhao
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Functional Polymers, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300130, China
| | - Meigui Deng
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Functional Polymers, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300130, China
| | - Yongfang Yang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Functional Polymers, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300130, China
| | - Jimin Zhang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Functional Polymers, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300130, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Functional Polymers, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300130, China
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9
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Wytrych P, Utko J, Lis T, John Ł. Polyoxometalate-like structure of new potassium triphenylsiloxides: [K 6(OSiPh 3) 6(C 3H 7OH)(H 2O)]·2C 6H 5CH 3 and [K 6(OSiPh 3) 6(H 2O) 2]. Acta Crystallogr C 2021; 77:522-528. [PMID: 34482295 DOI: 10.1107/s2053229621008160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The synthesis and structural characterization of two new potassium triphenylsiloxides, namely, aqua(propan-2-ol)hexakis(triphenylsilanolato)hexapotassium toluene disolvate, [K6(C18H15OSi)6(C3H8O)(H2O)]·2C7H8, and diaquahexakis(triphenylsilanolato)hexapotassium, [K6(C18H15OSi)6(H2O)2], are reported. Both compounds crystallize in the triclinic space group P-1. The structure in each case resembles an alkali metal polyoxometalate-like structure, in which electrostatic interactions are observed in the metal-oxygen core. Furthermore, both compounds also resemble a reverse micelles-like architecture, in which the hydrophilic core is enclosed in a hydrophobic shell. The cores of the complexes are flanked by hydrophobic aromatic rings derived from Ph3SiO- anions, where intramolecular π-interactions between the aromatic rings and potassium cations stabilize the cores of the crystals. Moreover, in both structures, the presence of hydrogen bonds is observed; until now, no crystal structures have been described containing K atoms and triphenylsiloxide molecules in which the presence of hydrogen bonds was confirmed. Thus, these coordination entities could be considered as attractive reagents for further synthetic protocols towards heterometallic complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrycja Wytrych
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, 14 F. Joliot-Curie, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Józef Utko
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, 14 F. Joliot-Curie, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Tadeusz Lis
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, 14 F. Joliot-Curie, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Łukasz John
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, 14 F. Joliot-Curie, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
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10
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Zhang J, Li S, Wang Z, Liu P, Zhao Y. Multitunable Thermoresponsive and Aggregation Behaviors of Linear and Cyclic Polyacrylamide Copolymers Comprising Heterofunctional Y Junctions. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c00794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhang
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Siyu Li
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Zhigang Wang
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Peng Liu
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Youliang Zhao
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
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Nishimura T, Fujii S, Sakurai K, Sasaki Y, Akiyoshi K. Manipulating the Morphology of Amphiphilic Graft-Copolymer Assemblies by Adjusting the Flexibility of the Main Chain. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c01030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomoki Nishimura
- Department of Chemistry and Materials, Faculty of Textile Science and Technology, Shinshu University, 3-15-1, Tokida, Ueda, Nagano 386-8567, Japan
| | - Shota Fujii
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Kitakyushu, 1-1, Hibikino, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 808-0135, Japan
| | - Kazuo Sakurai
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Kitakyushu, 1-1, Hibikino, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 808-0135, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Sasaki
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Kazunari Akiyoshi
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
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12
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Bairagi U, Jacob J. Macroporous Polyzwitterionic Gels As Versatile Intermediates for the Fixation and Release of Anions. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:5424-5435. [PMID: 33891417 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c00888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A new stable and functional polyzwitterion poly[1-(carboxymethyl)-4-methacrylamidopyridin-1-ium] was synthesized. The zwitterionic polymer shows its isoelectric point at a pH of 4.2, bidirectional pH responsiveness, and formation of dendritic fractal self-aggregated structures. Using this as a common intermediate, a simple, direct, and scalable single-step protocol was established to introduce various elementary anions like NO3-, HSO4-, H2PO4-, F-, Cl-, Br-, I-, CH3COO-, and HCOO- in their salt forms by reaction with the corresponding acids. FESEM studies on cross-linked polymeric hydrogels established the macroporous nature of these materials with their pore size in the range of 10-15 μm. Bidirectional swelling behavior was observed in these hydrogels from gel swelling kinetics and pH studies. Anion release studies in deionized water and buffer solutions showed ∼82 and ∼95% cumulative release for nitrate and phosphate anions, respectively, in 72 h. Our studies suggest that multifunctional polyzwitterionic gels are promising intermediates in the fixation and release of anions like nitrate and phosphate with potential applications in agriculture and healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ujjawal Bairagi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Josemon Jacob
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
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13
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Yu Y, Shao G, Zhang W. A crystallization driven thermoresponsive transition in a liquid crystalline polymer. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py00996f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A new thermoresponsive transition in a liquid crystalline polymer is found and the reason leading to the thermoresponse is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuewen Yu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Guangran Shao
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Wangqing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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