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Luo J, Liu B, Yin H, Zhou X, Wu M, Shi H, Zhang J, Elia J, Zhang K, Wu J, Xie Z, Liu C, Yuan J, Wan Z, Heumueller T, Lüer L, Spiecker E, Li N, Jia C, Brabec CJ, Zhao Y. Polymer-acid-metal quasi-ohmic contact for stable perovskite solar cells beyond a 20,000-hour extrapolated lifetime. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2002. [PMID: 38443353 PMCID: PMC10914746 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46145-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The development of a robust quasi-ohmic contact with minimal resistance, good stability and cost-effectiveness is crucial for perovskite solar cells. We introduce a generic approach featuring a Lewis-acid layer sandwiched between dopant-free semicrystalline polymer and metal electrode in perovskite solar cells, resulting in an ideal quasi-ohmic contact even at elevated temperature up to 85 °C. The solubility of Lewis acid in alcohol facilitates nondestructive solution processing on top of polymer, which boosts hole injection from polymer into metal by two orders of magnitude. By integrating the polymer-acid-metal structure into solar cells, devices exhibit remarkable resilience, retaining 96% ± 3%, 96% ± 2% and 75% ± 7% of their initial efficiencies after continuous operation in nitrogen at 35 °C for 2212 h, 55 °C for 1650 h and 85 °C for 937 h, respectively. Leveraging the Arrhenius relation, we project an impressive T80 lifetime of 26,126 h at 30 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junsheng Luo
- National Key Laboratory of Electronic Films and Integrated Devices, School of Integrated Circuit Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 611731, Chengdu, PR China
- Institute of Materials for Electronics and Energy Technology (i-MEET), Department of Materials Science, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Martensstr. 7, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
- Shenzhen Institute for Advanced Study, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 518110, Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Bowen Liu
- Institute of Materials for Electronics and Energy Technology (i-MEET), Department of Materials Science, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Martensstr. 7, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Haomiao Yin
- National Key Laboratory of Electronic Films and Integrated Devices, School of Integrated Circuit Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 611731, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Institute of Micro- and Nanostructure Research & Center for Nanoanalysis and Electron Microscopy (CENEM), Department of Materials Science, FriedrichAlexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Cauerstr. 3, D-91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Mingjian Wu
- Institute of Micro- and Nanostructure Research & Center for Nanoanalysis and Electron Microscopy (CENEM), Department of Materials Science, FriedrichAlexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Cauerstr. 3, D-91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Hongyang Shi
- Institute of Materials for Electronics and Energy Technology (i-MEET), Department of Materials Science, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Martensstr. 7, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jiyun Zhang
- Institute of Materials for Electronics and Energy Technology (i-MEET), Department of Materials Science, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Martensstr. 7, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
- Helmholtz-Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg (HI-ERN), Immerwahrstr. 2, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jack Elia
- Institute of Materials for Electronics and Energy Technology (i-MEET), Department of Materials Science, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Martensstr. 7, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Kaicheng Zhang
- Institute of Materials for Electronics and Energy Technology (i-MEET), Department of Materials Science, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Martensstr. 7, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jianchang Wu
- Institute of Materials for Electronics and Energy Technology (i-MEET), Department of Materials Science, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Martensstr. 7, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
- Helmholtz-Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg (HI-ERN), Immerwahrstr. 2, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Zhiqiang Xie
- Institute of Materials for Electronics and Energy Technology (i-MEET), Department of Materials Science, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Martensstr. 7, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Chao Liu
- Institute of Materials for Electronics and Energy Technology (i-MEET), Department of Materials Science, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Martensstr. 7, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
- Helmholtz-Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg (HI-ERN), Immerwahrstr. 2, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Junyu Yuan
- Shenzhen Institute for Advanced Study, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 518110, Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Zhongquan Wan
- National Key Laboratory of Electronic Films and Integrated Devices, School of Integrated Circuit Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 611731, Chengdu, PR China.
- Shenzhen Institute for Advanced Study, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 518110, Shenzhen, PR China.
| | - Thomas Heumueller
- Institute of Materials for Electronics and Energy Technology (i-MEET), Department of Materials Science, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Martensstr. 7, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
- Helmholtz-Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg (HI-ERN), Immerwahrstr. 2, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Larry Lüer
- Institute of Materials for Electronics and Energy Technology (i-MEET), Department of Materials Science, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Martensstr. 7, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
- Helmholtz-Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg (HI-ERN), Immerwahrstr. 2, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Erdmann Spiecker
- Institute of Micro- and Nanostructure Research & Center for Nanoanalysis and Electron Microscopy (CENEM), Department of Materials Science, FriedrichAlexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Cauerstr. 3, D-91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ning Li
- Institute of Materials for Electronics and Energy Technology (i-MEET), Department of Materials Science, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Martensstr. 7, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
- Helmholtz-Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg (HI-ERN), Immerwahrstr. 2, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, 510640, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Chunyang Jia
- National Key Laboratory of Electronic Films and Integrated Devices, School of Integrated Circuit Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 611731, Chengdu, PR China.
- Shenzhen Institute for Advanced Study, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 518110, Shenzhen, PR China.
| | - Christoph J Brabec
- Institute of Materials for Electronics and Energy Technology (i-MEET), Department of Materials Science, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Martensstr. 7, 91058, Erlangen, Germany.
- Helmholtz-Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg (HI-ERN), Immerwahrstr. 2, 91058, Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Yicheng Zhao
- National Key Laboratory of Electronic Films and Integrated Devices, School of Integrated Circuit Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 611731, Chengdu, PR China.
- Helmholtz-Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg (HI-ERN), Immerwahrstr. 2, 91058, Erlangen, Germany.
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Nakao N, Ogawa S, Kim HD, Ohkita H, Mikie T, Saito M, Osaka I. Pronounced Backbone Coplanarization by π-Extension in a Sterically Hindered Conjugated Polymer System Leads to Higher Photovoltaic Performance in Non-Fullerene Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:56420-56429. [PMID: 34783522 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c17199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Achieving both the backbone order and solubility of π-conjugated polymers, which are often in a trade-off relationship, is imperative for maximizing the performance of organic solar cells. Here, we studied three different π-conjugated polymers based on thiazolothiazole (PSTz1 and POTz1) and benzobisthiazole (PNBTz1) that were combined with a benzodithiophene unit in the backbone, where PNBTz1 was newly synthesized. Because of the steric hindrance between the side chains located on neighboring heteroaromatic rings, POTz1 had a much less coplanar backbone than PSTz1 in which such a steric hindrance is absent. However, POTz1 showed higher photovoltaic performance in solar cells that used Y6 as the acceptor material. This was likely due to the significantly higher solubility of POTz1 than PSTz1, resulting in a better morphology. Interestingly, PNBTz1 was found to have markedly higher backbone coplanarity than POTz1, despite having similar steric hindrance between the side chains, most likely owing to the more extended π-electron system, whereas PNBTz1 had good solubility comparable to POTz1. As a result, PNBTz1 exhibited higher photovoltaic performance than POTz1 in the Y6-based cells: specifically, the fill factor was significantly enhanced. Our results indicate that the backbone order and solubility can be achieved by the careful molecular design, which indeed leads to higher photovoltaic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoya Nakao
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan
| | - Soichiro Ogawa
- Graduate School of Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan
| | - Hyung Do Kim
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Hideo Ohkita
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Tsubasa Mikie
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan
- Graduate School of Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan
| | - Masahiko Saito
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan
- Graduate School of Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan
| | - Itaru Osaka
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan
- Graduate School of Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan
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Fukuhara T, Yamazaki K, Hidani T, Saito M, Tamai Y, Osaka I, Ohkita H. Molecular Understanding of How the Interfacial Structure Impacts the Open-Circuit Voltage of Highly Crystalline Polymer Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:34357-34366. [PMID: 34254768 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c08545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we study the origin of differences in open-circuit voltage (VOC) for polymer:fullerene solar cells employing highly crystalline conjugated polymers (PTzBT) based on the same thiophene-thiazolothiazole backbone with different side chains. By analyzing the temperature dependence of VOC and cyclic voltammogram, we find that the difference in VOC originates in the different cascaded energy structures for the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) levels in the interfacial mixed phase. Furthermore, we find that this is due to the stabilization of HOMO caused by the different branching of side chains on the basis of density functional theory calculation. Finally, we discuss the molecular design strategy based on side-chain engineering for ideal interfacial cascaded energy structures leading to higher VOC and photocurrent simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Fukuhara
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Koshi Yamazaki
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Takuto Hidani
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Masahiko Saito
- Applied Chemistry Program, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan
| | - Yasunari Tamai
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
- PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Itaru Osaka
- Applied Chemistry Program, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan
| | - Hideo Ohkita
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
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