1
|
Bannon SM, Geise GM. Application of the Born Model to Describe Salt Partitioning in Hydrated Polymers. ACS Macro Lett 2024; 13:515-520. [PMID: 38626397 PMCID: PMC11112736 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.4c00048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024]
Abstract
The classic Born model can be used to predict salt partitioning properties observed in hydrated polymers, but there are often significant quantitative discrepancies between these predictions and the experimental data. Here, we use an updated version of the Born model, reformulated to account for the local environment and mesh size of a hydrated polymer, to describe previously published NaCl, KCl, and LiCl partitioning properties of model cross-linked poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate polymers. This reformulated Born model describes the influence of polymer structure (i.e., network mesh size and its relationship with water content) and external salt concentration on salt partitioning in the polymers with a significant improvement relative to the classic Born model. The updated model most effectively describes NaCl partitioning properties and provides an additional fundamental understanding of salt partitioning processes, for NaCl, KCl, and LiCl, in hydrated polymers that are of interest for a variety of environmental and biological applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sean M. Bannon
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Virginia, 385 McCormick Road, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903, United States
| | - Geoffrey M. Geise
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Virginia, 385 McCormick Road, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhang C, Sui H, Feng G, You M, Shi W, Meng J. Molecular Design of Hydrophilized Polyethersulfone to Enhance Water/Salt Selectivity. Macromolecules 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c02285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chenchen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Heyu Sui
- Institute for New Energy Materials and Low Carbon Technologies, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Guangli Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Meng You
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Wenxiong Shi
- Institute for New Energy Materials and Low Carbon Technologies, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Jianqiang Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Nickerson TR, Antonio EN, McNally DP, Toney MF, Ban C, Straub AP. Unlocking the potential of polymeric desalination membranes by understanding molecular-level interactions and transport mechanisms. Chem Sci 2023; 14:751-770. [PMID: 36755730 PMCID: PMC9890600 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc04920a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyamide reverse osmosis (PA-RO) membranes achieve remarkably high water permeability and salt rejection, making them a key technology for addressing water shortages through processes including seawater desalination and wastewater reuse. However, current state-of-the-art membranes suffer from challenges related to inadequate selectivity, fouling, and a poor ability of existing models to predict performance. In this Perspective, we assert that a molecular understanding of the mechanisms that govern selectivity and transport of PA-RO and other polymer membranes is crucial to both guide future membrane development efforts and improve the predictive capability of transport models. We summarize the current understanding of ion, water, and polymer interactions in PA-RO membranes, drawing insights from nanofiltration and ion exchange membranes. Building on this knowledge, we explore how these interactions impact the transport properties of membranes, highlighting assumptions of transport models that warrant further investigation to improve predictive capabilities and elucidate underlying transport mechanisms. We then underscore recent advances in in situ characterization techniques that allow for direct measurements of previously difficult-to-obtain information on hydrated polymer membrane properties, hydrated ion properties, and ion-water-membrane interactions as well as powerful computational and electrochemical methods that facilitate systematic studies of transport phenomena.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Trisha R. Nickerson
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado BoulderBoulderCO 80309USA
| | - Emma N. Antonio
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado BoulderBoulderCO 80309USA,Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of Colorado BoulderBoulderCO 80309USA
| | - Dylan P. McNally
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of Colorado BoulderBoulderCO 80309USA
| | - Michael F. Toney
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado BoulderBoulderCO 80309USA,Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of Colorado BoulderBoulderCO 80309USA,Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute, University of Colorado BoulderBoulderCO 80309USA
| | - Chunmei Ban
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of Colorado Boulder Boulder CO 80309 USA .,Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder Boulder CO 80309 USA
| | - Anthony P. Straub
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of Colorado BoulderBoulderCO 80309USA,Department of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, University of Colorado BoulderBoulderColorado 80309USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ion and Water Transport in Ion-Exchange Membranes for Power Generation Systems: Guidelines for Modeling. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010034. [PMID: 36613476 PMCID: PMC9820504 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Artificial ion-exchange and other charged membranes, such as biomembranes, are self-organizing nanomaterials built from macromolecules. The interactions of fragments of macromolecules results in phase separation and the formation of ion-conducting channels. The properties conditioned by the structure of charged membranes determine their application in separation processes (water treatment, electrolyte concentration, food industry and others), energy (reverse electrodialysis, fuel cells and others), and chlore-alkali production and others. The purpose of this review is to provide guidelines for modeling the transport of ions and water in charged membranes, as well as to describe the latest advances in this field with a focus on power generation systems. We briefly describe the main structural elements of charged membranes which determine their ion and water transport characteristics. The main governing equations and the most commonly used theories and assumptions are presented and analyzed. The known models are classified and then described based on the information about the equations and the assumptions they are based on. Most attention is paid to the models which have the greatest impact and are most frequently used in the literature. Among them, we focus on recent models developed for proton-exchange membranes used in fuel cells and for membranes applied in reverse electrodialysis.
Collapse
|
5
|
Inadequacy of current approaches for characterizing membrane transport properties at high salinities. J Memb Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2022.121246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
|
6
|
Kim JM, Lin YH, Aravindhan PP, Beckingham BS. Impact of hydrophobic pendant phenyl groups on transport and co-transport of methanol and acetate in PEGDA-SPMAK cation exchange membranes. Chem Eng Res Des 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2022.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
7
|
Impact of PEGMA on transport and co-transport of methanol and acetate in PEGDA-AMPS cation exchange membranes. J Memb Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2021.119950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
8
|
Kitto D, Kamcev J. Manning condensation in ion exchange membranes: A review on ion partitioning and diffusion models. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20210810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David Kitto
- Department of Chemical Engineering University of Michigan, North Campus Research Complex B28 Ann Arbor Michigan USA
| | - Jovan Kamcev
- Department of Chemical Engineering University of Michigan, North Campus Research Complex B28 Ann Arbor Michigan USA
- Macromolecular Science and Engineering University of Michigan, North Campus Research Complex B28 Ann Arbor Michigan USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Kim JM, Wang Y, Lin YH, Yoon J, Huang T, Kim DJ, Auad ML, Beckingham BS. Fabrication and Characterization of Cross-Linked Phenyl-Acrylate-Based Ion Exchange Membranes and Performance in a Direct Urea Fuel Cell. Ind Eng Chem Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.1c02798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jung Min Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, United States
| | - Yuyang Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, United States
- Center for Polymers and Advanced Composites, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, United States
| | - Yi-hung Lin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, United States
| | - Jaesik Yoon
- Materials Research and Education Center, 275 Wilmore Lab, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, United States
| | - Tina Huang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, United States
| | - Dong-Joo Kim
- Materials Research and Education Center, 275 Wilmore Lab, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, United States
| | - Maria L. Auad
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, United States
- Center for Polymers and Advanced Composites, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, United States
| | - Bryan S. Beckingham
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, United States
| |
Collapse
|