1
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Lee SC, Bang YB, Park HH, Na HY, Lee SJ. Electromagnetic Interference Shielding Properties of Highly Flexible Poly(styrene-co-butyl acrylate)/PEDOT:PSS Films Fabricated by Latex Technology. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1565. [PMID: 38891511 PMCID: PMC11175026 DOI: 10.3390/polym16111565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
As the use of stretchable electronic devices increases, the importance of flexible electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding films is emerging. In this study, a highly flexible shielding film was fabricated using poly(styrene-co-butyl acrylate) (p(St-co-BA)) latex as a matrix and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) as a conductive filler, and then the mechanical properties and EMI shielding performance of the film were examined. Styrene and butyl acrylate were copolymerized to lower the high glass transition temperature and increase the ductility of brittle polystyrene. The latex blending technique was used to produce a shielding film in which the aqueous filler dispersion was uniformly dispersed in the emulsion polymerized resin. To determine the phase change in the copolymer matrix with temperature, the storage modulus was measured, and a time-temperature superposition master curve was constructed. The drying temperature of water-based copolymer resin suitable for film fabrication was set based on this curve. The glass transition temperature and flexibility of the blends were determined by evaluating the thermomechanical analysis and tensile tests. The EMI shielding effectiveness (SE) of the films was analyzed at frequencies from 50 MHz to 1.5 GHz, covering the VHF and UHF ranges. As the filler content increased, the SE of the blend film increased, but the elongation increased until a certain content and then decreased. The optimal content of PEDOT:PSS that satisfied both the ductility and shielding performance of the film was found to be 10 wt%. In this case, the elongation at break reached 300%, and the SE of a 1.6 mm thick film was about 35 dB. The film developed in this study can be used as an EMI shielding material that requires high flexibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Chang Lee
- Department of Polymer Engineering, The University of Suwon, 17 Wauan-gil, Bongdam-eup, Hwaseong 18323, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Bin Bang
- Department of Polymer Engineering, The University of Suwon, 17 Wauan-gil, Bongdam-eup, Hwaseong 18323, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Ho Park
- Department of Electronic Engineering, The University of Suwon, 17 Wauan-gil, Bongdam-eup, Hwaseong 18323, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea;
| | - Hyo Yeol Na
- A2B2 Corp., 486 Chojeongyaksu-ro, Cheongwon-gu, Cheongju 28308, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea;
| | - Seong Jae Lee
- Department of Polymer Engineering, The University of Suwon, 17 Wauan-gil, Bongdam-eup, Hwaseong 18323, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea
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2
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Tseng HS, Chen YL, Zhang PY, Hsiao YS. Additive Blending Effects on PEDOT:PSS Composite Films for Wearable Organic Electrochemical Transistors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:13384-13398. [PMID: 38454789 PMCID: PMC10958448 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c14961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) employing conductive polymers (CPs) have gained remarkable prominence and have undergone extensive advancements in wearable and implantable bioelectronic applications in recent years. Among the diverse arrays of CPs, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) is a common choice for the active-layer channel in p-type OECTs, showing a remarkably high transconductance for the high amplification of signals in biosensing applications. This investigation focuses on the novel engineering of PEDOT:PSS composite materials by seamlessly integrating several additives, namely, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), (3-glycidyloxypropyl)trimethoxysilane (GOPS), and a nonionic fluorosurfactant (NIFS), to fine-tune their electrical conductivity, self-healing capability, and stretchability. To elucidate the intricate influences of the DMSO, GOPS, and NIFS additives on the formation of PEDOT:PSS composite films, theoretical calculations were performed, encompassing the solubility parameters and surface energies of the constituent components of the NIFS, PEDOT, PSS, and PSS-GOPS polymers. Furthermore, we conducted a comprehensive array of material analyses, which reveal the intricacies of the phase separation phenomenon and its interaction with the materials' characteristics. Our research identified the optimal composition for the PEDOT:PSS composite films, characterized by outstanding self-healing and stretchable capabilities. This composition has proven to be highly effective for constructing an active-layer channel in the form of OECT-based biosensors fabricated onto polydimethylsiloxane substrates for detecting dopamine. Overall, these findings represent significant progress in the application of PEDOT:PSS composite films in wearable bioelectronics and pave the way for the development of state-of-the-art biosensing technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsueh-Sheng Tseng
- Department of Materials Science
and Engineering, National Taiwan University
of Science and Technology, Taipei 10607, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Lin Chen
- Department of Materials Science
and Engineering, National Taiwan University
of Science and Technology, Taipei 10607, Taiwan
| | - Pin-Yu Zhang
- Department of Materials Science
and Engineering, National Taiwan University
of Science and Technology, Taipei 10607, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Sheng Hsiao
- Department of Materials Science
and Engineering, National Taiwan University
of Science and Technology, Taipei 10607, Taiwan
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3
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Reynolds M, Stoy LM, Sun J, Opoku Amponsah PE, Li L, Soto M, Song S. Fabrication of Sodium Trimetaphosphate-Based PEDOT:PSS Conductive Hydrogels. Gels 2024; 10:115. [PMID: 38391444 PMCID: PMC10888113 DOI: 10.3390/gels10020115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Conductive hydrogels are highly attractive for biomedical applications due to their ability to mimic the electrophysiological environment of biological tissues. Although conducting polymer polythiophene-poly-(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) and polystyrene sulfonate (PSS) alone exhibit high conductivity, the addition of other chemical compositions could further improve the electrical and mechanical properties of PEDOT:PSS, providing a more promising interface with biological tissues. Here we study the effects of incorporating crosslinking additives, such as glycerol and sodium trimetaphosphate (STMP), in developing interpenetrating PEDOT:PSS-based conductive hydrogels. The addition of glycerol at a low concentration maintained the PEDOT:PSS conductivity with enhanced wettability but decreased the mechanical stiffness. Increasing the concentration of STMP allowed sufficient physical crosslinking with PEDOT:PSS, resulting in improved hydrogel conductivity, wettability, and rheological properties without glycerol. The STMP-based PEDOT:PSS conductive hydrogels also exhibited shear-thinning behaviors, which are potentially favorable for extrusion-based 3D bioprinting applications. We demonstrate an interpenetrating conducting polymer hydrogel with tunable electrical and mechanical properties for cellular interactions and future tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madelyn Reynolds
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA
| | - Lindsay M Stoy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA
| | - Jindi Sun
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA
| | | | - Lin Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA
| | - Misael Soto
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA
| | - Shang Song
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA
- Departments of Materials Science and Engineering, Neuroscience GIDP, and BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA
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4
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Bai Y, Li W, Tie Y, Kou Y, Wang YX, Hu W. A Stretchable Polymer Conductor Through the Mutual Plasticization Effect. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2303245. [PMID: 37318149 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202303245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Intrinsically stretchable conductors play key roles in the dynamic interfacing of electronic devices with soft human tissues. However, it is difficult to simultaneously achieve high electrical conductivity and mechanical stretchability. Here, highly stretchable and conductive thin film electrodes are prepared by combining PEDOT:PSS and a mutually plasticized polymer dopant. Notably, harsh acid treatment for conductivity enhancement is avoided, and good solvent tolerance and high optical transparency are realized, all of which are essential to device fabrication. A transparent electrochromic display is further developed that can bear stretching up to 80% strain, demonstrating its promising application in next-generation optoelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihong Bai
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Weizhen Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Tie
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Yan Kou
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Yi-Xuan Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin, 300192, P. R. China
| | - Wenping Hu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin, 300192, P. R. China
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5
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Wei Y, Li Y, Yan J, Liu Y, Xie XM. Highly Conductive Polysiloxane Elastomers with Excellent Transparency, Resilience, and Stretchability. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:41031-41042. [PMID: 37605317 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c09780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
Flexible transparent conductive materials show great potential in wearable electronics, flexible sensors, and so on. But the most used flexible conductive materials like hydrogels and ionogels suffer from evaporation and solvent leakage. For the application in these fields, integrated performances of preeminent resilience, transparency, stability, and conductivity that do not change with deformation are prerequisites. It is still challenging to handle the trade-off among these performances. Herein, a facile approach is established to balance these properties into one elastomer. Through the thiol-ene click reaction, mercaptopropyl-modified polydimethylsiloxane (mPDMS) is cross-linked and grafted by PEG-based macromonomers to prepare conductive elastomers. By anchoring with mPDMS through carbon-sulfur bonds, PEG can be evenly dispersed, resulting in ultratransparency (97%) and stable conductivity of as high as 1.68 × 10-2 S m-1, comparable to pure PEG/lithium salt conductivity. It also has a wide electrochemical stability window with a high voltage of 4.8 V. Moreover, the multibond network strategy is employed through grafting ligand 1-vinylimidazole to mPDMS to construct dynamic cross-links between Zn(II) and 1-vinylimidazol, bestowing excellent properties to the elastomers. Overall, elastomers with a well-balanced performance of high resilience, good conductivity, and ultratransparency are obtained, providing promising applications for soft electronics, lithium battery electrolytes, and flexible devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wei
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials (MOE) Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yuxi Li
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials (MOE) Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jianhui Yan
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials (MOE) Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yujun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials (MOE) Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xu-Ming Xie
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials (MOE) Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University Beijing 100084, China
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6
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Teo MY, Lim K, Aw KC, Kee S, Stringer J. Towards biodegradable conducting polymers by incorporating seaweed cellulose for decomposable wearable heaters. RSC Adv 2023; 13:26267-26274. [PMID: 37670998 PMCID: PMC10475983 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra04927b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Thermotherapy shows significant potential for pain relief and enhanced blood circulation in wildlife rehabilitation, particularly for injured animals. However, the widespread adoption of this technology is hindered by the lack of biodegradable, wearable heating pads and concerns surrounding electronic waste (E-waste) in natural habitats. This study addresses this challenge by investigating an environmentally-friendly composite comprising poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS), seaweed cellulose, and glycerol. Notably, this composite exhibits remarkable biodegradability, losing half of its weight within one week and displaying noticeable edge degradation by the third week when placed in soil. Moreover, it demonstrates impressive heating performance, reaching a temperature of 51 °C at a low voltage of 1.5 V, highlighting its strong potential for thermotherapy applications. The combination of substantial biodegradability and efficient heating performance offers a promising solution for sustainable electronic applications in wildlife rehabilitation and forest monitoring, effectively addressing the environmental challenges associated with E-waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Ying Teo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Auckland Symonds Street Auckland 1010 New Zealand
| | - Keemi Lim
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, The University of Auckland Symonds Street Auckland 1010 New Zealand
| | - Kean C Aw
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Auckland Symonds Street Auckland 1010 New Zealand
| | - Seyoung Kee
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Pukyong National University Busan 48513 Republic of Korea
| | - Jonathan Stringer
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Auckland Symonds Street Auckland 1010 New Zealand
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7
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Liu C, Wang Y, Wang S, Xia X, Xiao H, Liu J, Hu S, Yi X, Liu Y, Wu Y, Shang J, Li RW. Design and 3D Printing of Stretchable Conductor with High Dynamic Stability. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:3098. [PMID: 37109934 PMCID: PMC10146708 DOI: 10.3390/ma16083098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
As an indispensable part of wearable devices and mechanical arms, stretchable conductors have received extensive attention in recent years. The design of a high-dynamic-stability, stretchable conductor is the key technology to ensure the normal transmission of electrical signals and electrical energy of wearable devices under large mechanical deformation, which has always been an important research topic domestically and abroad. In this paper, a stretchable conductor with a linear bunch structure is designed and prepared by combining numerical modeling and simulation with 3D printing technology. The stretchable conductor consists of a 3D-printed bunch-structured equiwall elastic insulating resin tube and internally filled free-deformable liquid metal. This conductor has a very high conductivity exceeding 104 S cm-1, good stretchability with an elongation at break exceeding 50%, and great tensile stability, with a relative change in resistance of only about 1% at 50% tensile strain. Finally, this paper demonstrates it as a headphone cable (transmitting electrical signals) and a mobile phone charging wire (transmitting electrical energy), which proves its good mechanical and electrical properties and shows good application potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Liu
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Yuwei Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Shengding Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Xiangling Xia
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Huiyun Xiao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Jinyun Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Siqi Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Xiaohui Yi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Yiwei Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Yuanzhao Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Jie Shang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Run-Wei Li
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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8
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He H, Chen R, Yue S, Yu S, Wei J, Ouyang J. Salt-induced ductilization and strain-insensitive resistance of an intrinsically conducting polymer. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabq8160. [PMID: 36427298 PMCID: PMC9699665 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abq8160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
High mechanical ductility and high mechanical strength are important for materials including polymers. Current methods to increase the ductility of polymers such as plasticization always cause a remarkable drop in the ultimate tensile strength. There is no report on the ductilization of polymers that can notably increase the elongation at break while not lowering the ultimate tensile strength. Here, we report the salt-induced ductilization of an intrinsically conducting polymer, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrenesulfonate (PEDOT:PSS). Treating highly conductive PEDOT:PSS with a salt such as sodium perchlorate can enhance its elongation at break from 8.5 to 53.2%, whereas it hardly affects the tensile strength. Moreover, the resistance of the ductilized PEDOT:PSS films is insensitive to the tensile strain before fracture and slightly increases by only ~6% during the cyclic tensile testing with the strain up to 30%. These effects are ascribed to the decrease in the Coulomb attraction between PEDOT+ and PSS- by the salt ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao He
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117579, Singapore
| | - Rui Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117579, Singapore
- MOE Key Laboratory of Low-Grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, P. R. China
| | - Shizhong Yue
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117579, Singapore
| | - Suzhu Yu
- Singapore Institute of Manufacturing Technology, Singapore 637662, Singapore
- Harbin Institute of Technology, University Town of Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Jun Wei
- Harbin Institute of Technology, University Town of Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Jianyong Ouyang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117579, Singapore
- NUS Research Institute, No 16 South Huashan Road, Liangjiang New Area, Chongqing, China
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9
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Hsieh JC, Alawieh H, Li Y, Iwane F, Zhao L, Anderson R, Abdullah S, Kevin Tang KW, Wang W, Pyatnitskiy I, Jia Y, Millán JDR, Wang H. A highly stable electrode with low electrode-skin impedance for wearable brain-computer interface. Biosens Bioelectron 2022; 218:114756. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.114756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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10
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Chen R, He H, Hong XZ, Le Q, Sun K, Ouyang J. PEDOT:PSS as Stretchable Conductors with Good Wettability on the Substrate through the Simultaneous Plasticization and Secondary Doping with a Cationic or Anionic Surfactant. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c00592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117574, Singapore
- MOE Key Laboratory of Low-Grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, School of Energy & Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Hao He
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117574, Singapore
| | - Xian Zheng Hong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117574, Singapore
| | - Qiujian Le
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117574, Singapore
| | - Kuan Sun
- MOE Key Laboratory of Low-Grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, School of Energy & Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Jianyong Ouyang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117574, Singapore
- NUS Research Institute, No. 16 South Huashan Road, Liangjiang New Area, Chongqing 401123, China
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11
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Jiang Y, Zhang Z, Wang YX, Li D, Coen CT, Hwaun E, Chen G, Wu HC, Zhong D, Niu S, Wang W, Saberi A, Lai JC, Wu Y, Wang Y, Trotsyuk AA, Loh KY, Shih CC, Xu W, Liang K, Zhang K, Bai Y, Gurusankar G, Hu W, Jia W, Cheng Z, Dauskardt RH, Gurtner GC, Tok JBH, Deisseroth K, Soltesz I, Bao Z. Topological supramolecular network enabled high-conductivity, stretchable organic bioelectronics. Science 2022; 375:1411-1417. [PMID: 35324282 DOI: 10.1126/science.abj7564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 75.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Intrinsically stretchable bioelectronic devices based on soft and conducting organic materials have been regarded as the ideal interface for seamless and biocompatible integration with the human body. A remaining challenge is to combine high mechanical robustness with good electrical conduction, especially when patterned at small feature sizes. We develop a molecular engineering strategy based on a topological supramolecular network, which allows for the decoupling of competing effects from multiple molecular building blocks to meet complex requirements. We obtained simultaneously high conductivity and crack-onset strain in a physiological environment, with direct photopatternability down to the cellular scale. We further collected stable electromyography signals on soft and malleable octopus and performed localized neuromodulation down to single-nucleus precision for controlling organ-specific activities through the delicate brainstem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanwen Jiang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Zhitao Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Yi-Xuan Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Deling Li
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, China
| | | | - Ernie Hwaun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Gan Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Hung-Chin Wu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Donglai Zhong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Simiao Niu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Weichen Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Aref Saberi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jian-Cheng Lai
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Yilei Wu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Artem A Trotsyuk
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Department of Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Kang Yong Loh
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford Chemistry, Engineering & Medicine for Human Health (ChEM-H), Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Chien-Chung Shih
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Wenhui Xu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Kui Liang
- BOE Technology Center, BOE Technology Group Co., Ltd., Beijing 100176, China
| | - Kailiang Zhang
- BOE Technology Center, BOE Technology Group Co., Ltd., Beijing 100176, China
| | - Yihong Bai
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | | | - Wenping Hu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Wang Jia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, China
| | - Zhen Cheng
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Reinhold H Dauskardt
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | | | - Jeffrey B-H Tok
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Karl Deisseroth
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Ivan Soltesz
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Zhenan Bao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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12
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Chitrakar C, Hedrick E, Adegoke L, Ecker M. Flexible and Stretchable Bioelectronics. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:1664. [PMID: 35268893 PMCID: PMC8911085 DOI: 10.3390/ma15051664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Medical science technology has improved tremendously over the decades with the invention of robotic surgery, gene editing, immune therapy, etc. However, scientists are now recognizing the significance of 'biological circuits' i.e., bodily innate electrical systems for the healthy functioning of the body or for any disease conditions. Therefore, the current trend in the medical field is to understand the role of these biological circuits and exploit their advantages for therapeutic purposes. Bioelectronics, devised with these aims, work by resetting, stimulating, or blocking the electrical pathways. Bioelectronics are also used to monitor the biological cues to assess the homeostasis of the body. In a way, they bridge the gap between drug-based interventions and medical devices. With this in mind, scientists are now working towards developing flexible and stretchable miniaturized bioelectronics that can easily conform to the tissue topology, are non-toxic, elicit no immune reaction, and address the issues that drugs are unable to solve. Since the bioelectronic devices that come in contact with the body or body organs need to establish an unobstructed interface with the respective site, it is crucial that those bioelectronics are not only flexible but also stretchable for constant monitoring of the biological signals. Understanding the challenges of fabricating soft stretchable devices, we review several flexible and stretchable materials used as substrate, stretchable electrical conduits and encapsulation, design modifications for stretchability, fabrication techniques, methods of signal transmission and monitoring, and the power sources for these stretchable bioelectronics. Ultimately, these bioelectronic devices can be used for wide range of applications from skin bioelectronics and biosensing devices, to neural implants for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Melanie Ecker
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203, USA; (C.C.); (E.H.); (L.A.)
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