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Wu B, Zheng X, Xu W, Ren Y, Leng H, Liang L, Zheng D, Chen J, Jiang H. β-Nucleated Polypropylene: Preparation, Nucleating Efficiency, Composite, and Future Prospects. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3107. [PMID: 37514497 PMCID: PMC10383444 DOI: 10.3390/polym15143107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The β-crystals of polypropylene have a metastable crystal form. The formation of β-crystals can improve the toughness and heat resistance of a material. The introduction of a β-nucleating agent, over many other methods, is undoubtedly the most reliable method through which to obtain β-PP. Furthermore, in this study, certain newly developed β-nucleating agents and their compounds in recent years are listed in detail, including the less-mentioned polymer β-nucleating agents and their nucleation characteristics. In addition, the various influencing factors of β-nucleation efficiency, including the polymer matrix and processing conditions, are analyzed in detail and the corresponding improvement measures are summarized. Finally, the composites and synergistic toughening effects are discussed, and three potential future research directions are speculated upon based on previous research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong Winner New Materials Technology Co., Ltd., Gaoming District, Foshan 528521, China
- The State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Xian Zheng
- Guangdong Winner New Materials Technology Co., Ltd., Gaoming District, Foshan 528521, China
| | - Wenjie Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510640, China
- The State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Yanwei Ren
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510640, China
- The State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Haiqiang Leng
- Guangdong Winner New Materials Technology Co., Ltd., Gaoming District, Foshan 528521, China
| | - Linzhi Liang
- Guangdong Winner New Materials Technology Co., Ltd., Gaoming District, Foshan 528521, China
| | - De Zheng
- Guangdong Winner New Materials Technology Co., Ltd., Gaoming District, Foshan 528521, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Guangdong Winner New Materials Technology Co., Ltd., Gaoming District, Foshan 528521, China
| | - Huanfeng Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510640, China
- The State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510640, China
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Wang HB, Tian HC, Zhang SJ, Yu B, Ning NY, Tian M, Zhang LQ. Excellent Compatibilization Effect of a Dual Reactive Compatibilizer on the Immiscible MVQ/PP Blends. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-023-2945-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
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Xue Y, Lin J, Wan T, Luo Y, Ma Z, Zhou Y, Tuten BT, Zhang M, Tao X, Song P. Stretchable, Ultratough, and Intrinsically Self-Extinguishing Elastomers with Desirable Recyclability. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2207268. [PMID: 36683185 PMCID: PMC10037964 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202207268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Advanced elastomers are increasingly used in emerging areas, for example, flexible electronics and devices, and these real-world applications often require elastomers to be stretchable, tough and fire safe. However, to date there are few successes in achieving such a performance portfolio due to their different governing mechanisms. Herein, a stretchable, supertough, and self-extinguishing polyurethane elastomers by introducing dynamic π-π stacking motifs and phosphorus-containing moieties are reported. The resultant elastomer shows a large break strain of ≈2260% and a record-high toughness (ca. 460 MJ m-3 ), which arises from its dynamic microphase-separated microstructure resulting in increased entropic elasticity, and strain-hardening at large strains. The elastomer also exhibits a self-extinguishing ability thanks to the presence of both phosphorus-containing units and π-π stacking interactions. Its promising applications as a reliable yet recyclable substrate for strain sensors are demonstrated. The work will help to expedite next-generation sustainable advanced elastomers for flexible electronics and devices applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijiao Xue
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest ProductsChinese Academy of Forestry (CAF)Nanjing210042China
| | - Jinyou Lin
- Shanghai Advanced Research InstituteChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai201204China
| | - Tao Wan
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringThe University of New South WalesSydneyNSW2502Australia
| | - Yanlong Luo
- College of ScienceNanjing Forestry UniversityNanjing210037China
| | - Zhewen Ma
- Department of Polymer MaterialsSchool of Materials Science and EngineeringTongji UniversityShanghai201804China
| | - Yonghong Zhou
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest ProductsChinese Academy of Forestry (CAF)Nanjing210042China
| | - Bryan T. Tuten
- Centre for Materials ScienceSchool of Chemistry and PhysicsQueensland University of TechnologyBrisbaneQLD4000Australia
| | - Meng Zhang
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest ProductsChinese Academy of Forestry (CAF)Nanjing210042China
| | - Xinyong Tao
- College of Materials Science and EngineeringZhejiang University of TechnologyHangzhou310014China
| | - Pingan Song
- Centre for Future MaterialsUnviersity of Southern QueenslandSpringfield4300Australia
- School of Agriculture and Environmental ScienceUnviersity of Southern QueenslandSpringfield4300Australia
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Effects of Ethylene-Propylene-Diene Monomers (EPDMs) with Different Moony Viscosity on Crystallization Behavior, Structure, and Mechanical Properties of Thermoplastic Vulcanizates (TPVs). Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15030642. [PMID: 36771943 PMCID: PMC9918945 DOI: 10.3390/polym15030642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Moony viscosity of ethylene-propylene-diene monomers (EPDMs) can have effect on the crystallization dynamics, structure, and properties of EPDM/polypropylene (PP)-based thermoplastic vulcanizates (TPVs). TPVs with two different Moony viscosities are prepared via a twin-screw extruder, respectively. Crosslinked EPDM with lower Moony viscosity has a higher crosslinking density and the nucleation effect of its crosslink point improves the crystallization ability of PP in TPV, leading to PP phase crystallization at higher temperatures. For TPV with an EPDM of higher Moony viscosity, it has higher crystallinity and the EPDM phase crystallized earlier. Synchrotron radiation studies show that the EPDM with low Moony viscosity has no obvious crystalline structure, and the prepared TPV has an obvious phase separation structure, while the TPV with higher Mooney viscosity of the EPDM does not exhibit obvious phase separation, indicating that the longer EPDM chains have better compatibility with PP in TPV, also evidenced by the almost disappearance of the PP glass transition peak in TPV, from the dynamic mechanical analysis. The longer EPDM chains in TPV provide more physical entanglement and better interaction with PP molecules, resulting in a stronger strain hardening process, longer elongation at break, and higher tensile stress in TPV.
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A new insight into the formation of β-crystals of isotactic polypropylene induced by zinc dicarboxylic acids. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.125500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Crystalline Characteristic Effect of In Situ Interaction between ZnO and Pht on Inducing β Nucleation of Isotactic Polypropylene. POLYMER CRYSTALLIZATION 2022. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/7067888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The β-nucleating agent (β-NA), zinc phthalate (ZnPht), was prepared from a mixture of zinc oxide (ZnO) and phthalic anhydride (Pht) during the extrusion of isotactic polypropylene (iPP). To establish the relationship between the crystalline characteristic of ZnO and the crystallization of iPP, single-crystalline ZnO (ZnO(S)) and polycrystalline ZnO (ZnO(P)) were selected and mixed with Pht, respectively, to in situ inducing the β-crystal form of iPP (β-iPP). Compared to ZnO(S)/Pht, ZnO(P)/Pht has the selectivity of β-crystal nucleation during the crystallization of iPP; indeed, the relative content of β-crystal (
) improved from 18.0% for ZnO(S)/Pht/iPP to 84.6% for ZnO(P)/Pht/iPP. Moreover, the impact strength of the ZnO(P)/Pht/iPP was nearly 2.0 times greater than pure iPP; for ZnO(S)/Pht/iPP, it was approximately 1.4 times greater than pure iPP. To explain these phenomena, we propose a mechanism that the content of ZnPht generated by ZnO(P)/Pht is more than that of ZnO(S)/Pht during its in situ reaction; evidence from Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, wide-angle X-ray diffraction, and thermogravimetric infrared spectroscope analysis was consistent with this mechanism. This study may provide a new perspective to control the crystal type of polymorphic polymer by adjusting the crystalline characteristic of the nucleating agent.
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Surface modification of waste silicone rubber via alcoholysis reaction and its application in polypropylene toughening. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-022-03002-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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